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Journal articles on the topic 'Flame atomic emission spectrometry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Jackson, Kenneth W., and Huancheng Qiao. "Atomic absorption, atomic emission, and flame emission spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 64, no. 12 (June 15, 1992): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00036a003.

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2

Holcombe, James A., and D. Christian Hassell. "Atomic absorption, atomic emission, and flame emission spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 62, no. 12 (June 15, 1990): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00211a015.

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3

Jackson, Kenneth W., and Guoru Chen. "Atomic Absorption, Atomic Emission, and Flame Emission Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 68, no. 12 (January 1996): 231–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/a1960012l.

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4

Jackson, Kenneth W., and Shijun Lu. "Atomic Absorption, Atomic Emission, and Flame Emission Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 70, no. 12 (June 1998): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/a1980012g.

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5

Jackson, Kenneth W., and Tariq M. Mahmood. "Atomic Absorption, Atomic Emission, and Flame Emission Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 66, no. 12 (June 1994): 252–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00084a012.

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6

JACKSON, K. W., and S. LU. "ChemInform Abstract: Atomic Absorption, Atomic Emission, and Flame Emission Spectrometry." ChemInform 29, no. 34 (June 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199834350.

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7

Holcombe, James A., and Dean A. Bass. "Atomic absorption, atomic fluorescence, and flame emission spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 60, no. 12 (June 15, 1988): 226–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00163a017.

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8

Holcombe, James A., and Thomas M. Rettberg. "Atomic absorption, atomic fluorescence, and flame emission spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 58, no. 5 (April 1986): 124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00296a012.

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9

Calloway, Clifton P., and Bradley T. Jones. "Atomic absorption spectrometry with a flame emission source." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 49, no. 12-14 (October 1994): 1707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(94)80142-8.

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10

Messman, Jerry D., Norman E. Schmidt, Joe D. Parli, and Robert B. Green. "Laser-Enhanced Ionization of Refractory Elements in a Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame." Applied Spectroscopy 39, no. 3 (May 1985): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702854248746.

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Laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) spectrometry using a water-cooled electrode immersed directly in a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame has been examined for the determination of refractory elements. LEI detection limits for refractory elements in aqueous solution are comparable to or better than detection limits obtained by flame atomic absorption, plasma emission, and atomic fluorescence techniques. Only graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry exhibits superior detectability for certain refractory elements in aqueous solution over LEI spectrometry using a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. The successful application of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame now extends the applicability of LEI spectrometry to include most of the elements in the periodic table which can be determined by other common atomic spectrochemical techniques.

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11

Steele, A. W., and G. M. Hieftje. "A Modulated Sample Introduction System for Atomic Emission Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 3 (March 1986): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864509240.

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A modulated sample-introduction device for use in flame emission spectrometry has been constructed and evaluated. With this device, the flow of aerosol to the excitation source is modulated by the application, at a specific frequency, of a pressure pulse to the nebulizer chamber; the use of frequency-selective detection then permits efficient signal recovery. If source background remains at a constant level, it is not detected and the signal-to-background ratio (S/B) is consequently improved. Because the technique provides a decrease in the instrument 1/f and flame-background flicker noise, detection limits are improved. These features are especially prominent when the analyte line of interest is in a spectral region of high source background. Modulation frequencies of 8 to 20 Hz have been explored and have resulted in good depth of modulation (>99%) and signal-pulse separation. The construction and operation of the device will be described and its performance for several elements evaluated in terms of detection limits, S/B enhancement, and working curve linearity. Also, the extension of the technique to selective spectralline modulation schemes and to inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry will be considered.

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12

Karanassios, Vassili, L. Usypchuck, P. Moss, and Eric D. Salin. "Flame sample introduction system for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 7, no. 8 (1992): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9920701243.

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13

Hanna, Summer, and Bradley T. Jones. "An electrothermal vaporization flame atomic emission spectrometer." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 26, no. 7 (2011): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ja10060b.

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14

Bulska, Ewa. "Analytical advantages of using electrochemistry for atomic spectrometry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173010001.

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Atomic spectrometry and electrochemistry are usually recognized as independent analytical tools used for different purposes. Here, a brief review is given of the advantages of using electrochemistry in the various fields of atomic spectrometry techniques. In the first part, the application of electrochemical preconcentration before the atomic spectrometry will be addressed and exemplified. Electrochemical preconcentration could be used with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) or graphite furnace AAS as well as with atomic emission plasma sources. The second area of the applications of electrochemistry will be directly focused on the graphite furnace AAS where the electrodeposition onto the graphite surface of the atomizer could be used for both in situ analyte preconcentration or modification of the surface by noble metals.

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15

Xu, Ling Fei, Wu Sen Li, Shi Xue Xu, Jia Li, and Yong Qing Wang. "Analysis of Basic Oxygen Furnace’s Temperature by the Flame’s Emission Spectrum." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.16.

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The flame of basic oxygen furnace is the most important evident in the steel making process. This studies dividing the flame’s spectrum into two parts: the background spectrum and the characteristic atomic emission spectrum. Compared the figure of the characteristic atomic emission spectrum measured by spectrometer with the Gaussian function, the conclusion shows that the background spectrum could compensate the loss of the light intensity which due to the stimulated absorption of characteristic atomic. Based on the FES ( flame emission spectrometer) and spectrum in the BOF’s flame, the studies deduce a new relationship between the intensity of characteristic atomic spectrum and the temperature of the flame. The results indicates that the temperature measured by FES is inosculated to the temperature obtained by converter sublance comparatively.

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16

Stojanovic, Dimitrije, Jelena Milinovic, and Snezana Nikolic-Mandic. "Interferences from titanium and zirconium during calcium determination by flame spectrometry." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 72, no. 8-9 (2007): 821–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0709821s.

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Titration methods based on an inhibition effect were used to investigate the interferences from Ti and Zr in the determination of Ca by atomic absorption and flame emission spectrometry using an air-acetylene flame. Changes either in the absorption or emission signal of Ca were continuously registered on a computer display and characteristic titration curves were obtained. The mole ratios between Ti or Zr and Ca at characteristic points on titration curves were used to explain the quantitative changes occurring in the solution being titrated and aspirated into the flame. In order to investigate procedures for eliminating these interferences, a method of atomic absorption inhibition release titration was used. For this purpose, a solution of La, as a releasing agent with a very low Ca concentration, used as an indicator, was continuously titrated with the solution of Ti as inhibitor. A comparative study of the activity of Ba, Sr and La as releasing agents was investigated during titration of Ca with Zr solution. Based on the calculated mole ratios between Zr and Ba, Sr or La, the effectiveness of these agents in eliminating the interferences was determined. Possible reactions occurring during evaporation of the aerosol in the air-acetylene flame are represented by chemical equations. .

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17

Grant, William Alan, and Paul Christopher Ellis. "Determination of heavy metals in shellfish by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 3, no. 6 (1988): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9880300815.

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18

Kumar, Manjeet, and P. K. Srivastava. "Determination of lanthanum by flame atomic emission spectrometry in rare earth concentrates." Analyst 118, no. 2 (1993): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9931800193.

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19

NIEDZIELSKI, Przemyslaw, and Armand DOSTATNI. "Caesium and Lanthanum Suppression of Signal Fluctuation in Flame Atomic Absorption and Atomic Emission Spectrometry." Analytical Sciences 30, no. 7 (2014): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.30.729.

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20

Sokolnikova, J. V., I. E. Vasilyeva, and V. I. Menshikov. "Determination of trace alkaline metals in quartz by flame atomic emission and atomic absorption spectrometry." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 58, no. 2 (February 2003): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0584-8547(02)00153-2.

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21

Hagarová, Ingrid. "Cloud Point Extraction Used for Separation and Preconcentration of Trace Elements in Food Samples: A Review of Recent Applications." Journal of Food Engineering and Technology 10, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jfet.2021.10.1.1.

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Food safety analysis involves many subfields. One of them is inorganic analysis aimed to the quantification of various trace elements. The main attention in this field is paid to toxic, potentially toxic, and essential trace elements. However in many cases, direct quantification of trace elements in a complex food matrix is almost impossible. To resolve this problem, a combination of a suitable separation procedure with a reliable quantification method is required to deliver accurate results. One of the separation techniques that is currently receiving considerable attention is cloud point extraction (CPE). The use of optimized CPE procedures with commonly available spectrometric methods (e.g., UV-Vis spectrophotometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) provides the powerful tool for reliable quantification of many trace elements (e.g., Al, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Mn, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, Zn, and many others) in various types of food matrices (e.g., fresh vegetables, ground grain samples, canned food samples, various powdered food samples, and many others), as documented by studies included in this review.

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22

Arce, Silvia, Soledad Cerutti, Roberto Olsina, María R. Gomez, and Luis D. Martínez. "Determination of Metal Content in Valerian Root Phytopharmaceutical Derivatives by Atomic Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.1.221.

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Abstract Phytopharmaceuticals containing Valerian are used as mild sleep-inducing agents. The elemental composition of 3 different marks of Valeriana officinalis roots commercially available in the Argentinian market, their teas, and a commercial tincture have been studied. The content of Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn was determined in phytopharmaceuticals by flame atomic emission/absorption spectrometry, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, and ultrasonic nebulization coupled to inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Prior to analyses of the samples, a digestion procedure was optimized. The analytical results obtained for Fe, Al, Ca, and V in the solid sample study were within the range 100–1000 mg/kg, and for Mn, Zn, and Pb within the range 10–100 mg/kg. Cadmium was found at levels up to 0.0125 mg/kg.

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23

Sheth, Alpa C., and Paresh U. Patel. "Review of Elemental Impurities in Pharmaceuticals Arena." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 11, no. 02 (June 25, 2020): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.11.2.3.

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Elemental impurities in drug products may arise from several sources; they may be residual catalysts that were added intentionally in the synthesis or may be present as impurities (e.g., through interactions with processing equipment or container/closure systems or by being present in components of the drug product). Because elemental impurities do not provide any therapeutic benefit to the patient, their levels in the drug product should be controlled within acceptable limits. The main objective of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) (Q3D) guideline applies to new finished drug products and new drug products containing existing drug substances. The drug products containing purified proteins and polypeptides. This guideline does not apply to herbal products, radiopharmaceuticals, vaccines, cell metabolites, DNA products, allergenic extracts, cells, whole blood, cellular blood components, or blood derivatives, including plasma and plasma derivatives. The evaluation of the toxicity data for potential elemental impurities; the establishment of a permitted daily exposure (PDE) for each element of toxicological concern; application of a risk-based approach to control elemental impurities in drug products. Different analytical techniques for elemental impurities detection: flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (optical emission spectroscopy, ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES).

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24

Garbarino, J. R., B. E. Jones, G. P. Stein, W. T. Belser, and H. E. Taylor. "Statistical Evaluation of an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method for Routine Water Quality Testing." Applied Spectroscopy 39, no. 3 (May 1985): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702854248458.

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In an interlaboratory test, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was compared with flame atomic absorption spectrometry and molecular absorption spectrophotometry for the determination of 17 major and trace elements in 100 filtered natural water samples. No unacceptable biases were detected. The analysis precision of ICP-AES was found to be equal to or better than alternative methods. Known-addition recovery experiments demonstrated that the ICP-AES determinations are accurate to between ±2 and ±10 percent; four-fifths of the tests yielded average recoveries of 95–105 percent, with an average relative standard deviation of about 5 percent.

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25

Fortunato, Felipe M., Marcos A. Bechlin, José A. Gomes Neto, Alex Virgilio, George L. Donati, and Bradley T. Jones. "Standard dilution analysis in flow system: Sodium determination by flame atomic emission spectrometry." Microchemical Journal 124 (January 2016): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2015.10.019.

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26

Frame, E. M. Skelly, J. A. King, D. A. Anderson, and W. E. Balz. "Direct Determination of Palladium and Cobalt in Phenol by Atomic Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 8 (August 1993): 1276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067784.

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A direct method was developed for the quantitation of catalyst metals in phenol by dissolution in an organic solvent mixture. Both flame atomic absorption spectrometry and ICP emission spectrometry of the organic mixtures proved suitable for the determinations, eliminating the difficulties encountered with conventional sample decomposition techniques. A variety of solvent systems and standard compounds were studied to develop a rapid, simple, sensitive method for the direct determination of Pd and Co in phenol. A comparison of analytical procedures is presented, and the stability of organic matrix standards is discussed.

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27

Miller-Ihli, N. J. "Trace Element Determinations in Foods and Biological Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44, no. 9 (January 1996): 2675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf950616l.

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28

Dimitrov Dakashev, Anastas, Stancho Valkanov Pavlov, and Krasimira Angelova Stancheva. "Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Based on Self-absorption in the Flame and Using the Flame as a Light Emission Source." Advances in Analytical Chemistry of Scientific & Academic Publishing 2, no. 4 (August 9, 2012): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.aac.20120204.03.

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29

Kiss, Arpad, and Attila Gaspar. "Fabrication of a Microfluidic Flame Atomic Emission Spectrometer: a Flame-on-a-Chip." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 10 (April 11, 2018): 5995–6000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00774.

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30

Bencs, László, Valentina Horváth, Imre Varga, Elena Beregi, and Tibor Kántor. "Analysis of yttrium aluminium borate crystals by solution-based methods: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 59, no. 12 (December 2004): 1851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2004.07.008.

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31

Hanna, Summer N., Joseph Keene, Clifton P. Calloway, and Bradley T. Jones. "DESIGN OF A PORTABLE ELECTROTHERMAL VAPORIZATION FLAME ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY DEVICE FOR FIELD ANALYSIS." Instrumentation Science & Technology 39, no. 4 (July 2011): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2011.585197.

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32

Maurí, A. R., and M. de la Guardia. "Multi-component determination of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium by flame atomic emission spectrometry." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 3, no. 8 (1988): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9880301111.

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33

Miller, Heather M., Thomas M. Spudich, and Jon W. Carnahan. "Development and Application of Acousto-Optic Background Correction for Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 6 (June 2003): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203322005418.

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In two configurations, a solid-state acousto-optic (AO) deflector or modulator is mounted in a 0.5 m monochromator for background correction with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). A fused silica acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is used in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region applications while a glass AO deflector (AOD) is used for the visible (VIS) region. The system provides rapid sequential observation of adjacent on- and off-line wavelengths for background correction. Seventeen elements are examined using pneumatic nebulization (PN) and electrothermal vaporization (ETV) sample introduction. Calibration plots were obtained with each sample introduction technique. Potable water and vitamin tablets were analyzed. Flame atomic absorption (FAA) was used to verify the accuracy of the AO background correction system.

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34

Mohammed, Abdelhafeez M. A., Amna M. Ibrahim, Ayat A. Omran, Moawia E. Mohamed, and Sumaya E. M. Elsheikh. "Minerals Content, Essential Oils Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Citrus jambhiri Lush. (Rough Lemon) from the Sudan." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 14 (September 2013): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.14.25.

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Minerals content of Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon) fruit was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES). The peel, moisture and ash contents of rough lemon were found to be 18.35%, 23.75% and 2.04% respectively. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) of rough lemon juice was found to be 70.0 mg/100 g. The chemical composition of essential oil of rough lemon peel was determined. The major compound was found to be limonene (84.5%) followed by sabinene, β-myrcene, α-terpineol, 1,3-tetradecadiene and linalool.

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35

Castillo, J. R., J. M. Mir, C. Martinez, and C. Bendicho. "Determination of boron in waters by using methyl borate generation and flame atomic-emission spectrometry." Analyst 110, no. 12 (1985): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9851001435.

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36

Özdemir, Yüksel, A. Ersin Karagözler, and Şeref Güçer. "Interferences in the determination of lithium by flame atomic emission spectrometry with platinum-loop atomizer." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 9, no. 7 (1994): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9940900797.

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37

Akhoond, M., A. A. Ensafi, A. Massoumi, and A. Safavi. "Detection of osmium by flame atomic emission spectrometry after extraction as osmium tetroxide into MIBK." Microchemical Journal 45, no. 3 (June 1992): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-265x(92)90097-m.

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38

Rončević, Sanda, Anica Benutić, Ivan Nemet, and Buga Gabelica. "Tin Content Determination in Canned Fruits and Vegetables by Hydride Generation Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/376381.

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Tin content in samples of canned fruits and vegetables was determined by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-OES), and it was compared with results obtained by standard method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Selected tin emission lines intensity was measured in prepared samples after addition of tartaric acid and followed by hydride generation with sodium borohydride solution. The most favorable line at 189.991 nm showed the best detection limit (1.9 μg L−1) and limit of quantification (6.4 μg kg−1). Good linearity and sensitivity were established from time resolved analysis and calibration tests. Analytical accuracy of 98–102% was obtained by recovery study of spiked samples. Method of standard addition was applied for tin determination in samples from fully protected tinplate. Tin presence at low-concentration range was successfully determined. It was shown that tenth times less concentrations of Sn were present in protected cans than in nonprotected or partially protected tinplate.

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39

Dol, Isabel, Mois�s Knochen, and Estela Vieras. "Determination of lithium at ultratrace levels in biological fluids by flame atomic emission spectrometry. Use of first-derivative spectrometry." Analyst 117, no. 8 (1992): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9921701373.

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40

Todorovic, M., S. Vidovic, and Z. Ilic. "Effect of aqueous organic solvents on the determination of trace elements by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 8, no. 8 (1993): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9930801113.

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41

Debus, Bruno, Dmitry Kirsanov, Irina Yaroshenko, and Andrey Legin. "A simple design atomic emission spectrometer combined with multivariate image analysis for the determination of sodium content in urine." Analytical Methods 9, no. 21 (2017): 3237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01118k.

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42

Otmahov, Vladimir Il'ich, Inessa Vladimirovna Shilova, Elena Vasil'yevna Petrova, Anastasiya Alekseyevna Loginova, Evgeniya Sergeyevna Rabtsevich, and Denis Evgen'yevich Babenkov. "THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION STUDY OF PLANTS IN THE SIBERIAN FLORA (ALFREDIA CERNUA AND FILI-PENDULA ULMARIA), EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS TO CREATE DRUGS BASED ON THEM." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019035355.

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Using the methods of arc atomic emission spectrometry (AAES), atomic emission flame photometry (AEFP), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the elemental composition of the aerial part of widely used in medical practice Alfredia cernua and Filipendula ulmaria, extracts and fractions obtained from them, is investigated. It was shown that not only biologically active substances, but also mineral elements are extracted by extractants, which may be due both to the formation of complexes with biologically active substances and affinity for extractants. Therefore, the elemental composition must be considered as an important component of plant extracts and medicinal products obtained from them. Simultaneously with biologically active substances in ethanol extracts there is an accumulation of not only biogenic, but also toxic elements, which degree of extraction is often higher. It increases even more during the transition from periodic to countercurrent extraction, which allows to obtain extracts with the highest yield of biologically active substances. Since the enriched extract is directly used to obtain the dosage form, a preliminary elemental analysis is necessary. Analytical control of the content of TM is also necessary when choosing the place of growth of plants raw materials, which are used to create medicinal herbal remedies.

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43

lópez-Artíguez, Miguel, Ana M. Camean, and Manuel Repetto. "Determination of Nine Elements in Sherry Wine by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 1191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.5.1191.

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Abstract A quick and simple method was developed to analyze various "fino" sherry wines for routine determination of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and Zn content. The analysis involved heating the wine sample in an oven at 80°C to evaporate the ethanol, followed by sequential determination of the elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The following metal concentrations (mg/L) were obtained: Al, 1.02-4.06; Ca, 85.00-150.00; Cu, 0.06-1.62; Fe, 2.19-4.91; K, 435.02-651.65; Mg, 79.1-108.57; Mn, 0.37-2.13; Na, 27.09-54.26; and Zn, 0.12-5.08. Mean recoveries of elements from fortified wines were 101.6% for Al, 103.6% for Ca, 97.4% for Cu, 100.3% for Fe, 100.7% for K, 103.6% for Mg, 99.1% for Mn, 105.7% for Na, and 99.99% for Zn. The estimated detection limits were 15.2 μg Al/L, 39.9 μg Ca/L, 20.1 μg Cu/L, 19.1 μg Fe/L, 116.4 μg K/L, 20.3 μg Mg/L, 20.2 μg Mn/L, 34.6 μg Na/L, and 25.4 μg Zn/L. The repeatability relative standard deviation ranged from 1.1 (Mg) to 5.3% (Na), and the reproducibility relative standard deviation ranged from 2.0 (Mg) to 9.3% (Al). The results were compared with those obtained y flame atomic absorption spectrometry and, for Al, by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. By the method for regression lines we demonstrated that no differences in concentrations were obtained for any of the elements assayed. The proposed method is rapid and simple, needs only a small amount of sample, and has acceptable analytical characteristics.

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44

Moniruzzaman, Mohammed, Muhammed Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury, Mohammad Abdur Rahman, Siti Amrah Sulaiman, and Siew Hua Gan. "Determination of Mineral, Trace Element, and Pesticide Levels in Honey Samples Originating from Different Regions of Malaysia Compared to Manuka Honey." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/359890.

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The present study was undertaken to determine the content of six minerals, five trace elements, and ten pesticide residues in honeys originating from different regions of Malaysia. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), while sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were analyzed by flame emission spectrometry (FAES). Trace elements such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co) were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) following the microwave digestion of honey. High mineral contents were observed in the investigated honeys with K, Na, Ca, and Fe being the most abundant elements (mean concentrations of 1349.34, 236.80, 183.67, and 162.31 mg/kg, resp.). The concentrations of the trace elements were within the recommended limits, indicating that the honeys were of good quality. Principal component analysis reveals good discrimination between the different honey samples. The pesticide analysis for the presence of organophosphorus and carbamates was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). No pesticide residues were detected in any of the investigated honey samples, indicating that the honeys were pure. Our study reveals that Malaysian honeys are rich sources of minerals with trace elements present within permissible limits and that they are free from pesticide contamination.

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45

Steele, A. W., and G. M. Hieftje. "The Use of Sample Modulation to Simplify the Experimental Arrangement of Selective Line Modulation in Atomic Emission Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 8 (November 1986): 1110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864507567.

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Selective spectral line modulation (SLM) is a technique used in atomic spectrometry for recovering analyte signals in the presence of spectral interferences, such as overlapping lines from matrix concomitants and background features from the emission source. Application of SLM usually requires passing the analytical source emission through what is essentially a modulated atom reservoir. In previous work, this system was designed with the use of an array of optical choppers, mirrors, and lenses that directed the radiation through and around a standard atomic-absorption slot burner. In the present study, a sample-modulation device was used in place of this complex array. The device operates by pulsing sample aerosol into a flame, and therefore directly performs the function of a modulated atom reservoir. When used in the SLM experiment, this device considerably simplifies the experimental arrangement. Comparisons are made between the conventional optical arrangement and the sample-modulation device.

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Chaves, Eduardo Sidinei, Tatiana Dillenburg Saint' Pierre, Eder José dos Santos, Luciano Tormen, Vera Lúcia Azzolin Frescura Bascuñan, and Adilson José Curtius. "Determination of Na and K in biodiesel by flame atomic emission spectrometry and microemulsion sample preparation." Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 19, no. 5 (2008): 856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-50532008000500008.

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Long, Gary L., and Charles B. Boss. "Effect of droplet size on the phosphine depression of calcium atomic emission signals in flame spectrometry." Analytica Chimica Acta 174 (1985): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84378-0.

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Balasubramanian, S. "Determination of total chromium in tannery waste water by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry and UVâvisible spectrophotometric methods." Talanta 50, no. 3 (October 1999): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(99)00135-6.

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Ivanova, Elisaveta, Nonka Daskalova, Serafim Velichkov, Petranka Slavova, and Galja Gentscheva. "Determination of dopants and impurities in optical crystals of β-barium borate by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 11, no. 8 (1996): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9961100567.

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Ayrancı, Işıl, Rodolphe Vaillon, Nevin Selçuk, Frédéric André, and Dany Escudié. "Determination of soot temperature, volume fraction and refractive index from flame emission spectrometry." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 104, no. 2 (March 2007): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.07.013.

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