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Journal articles on the topic 'Flame flashbacks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 October 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Krupa, R. J., T. F. Culbreth, B. W. Smith, and J. D. Winefordner. "A Flashback-Resistant Burner for Combustion Diagnostics and Analytical Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 6 (1986): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508232.

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A general utility burner for the production of laminar, homogenous diffusion flames, which is immune to flashbacks, is presented. Because the fuel and oxidant mix on the surface of the burner rather than within the spray chamber, the flames cannot flashback. A wide variety of gas mixtures has been investigated, including oxygen, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide as the oxidants. Any combination of fuel and oxidant can be safely burned to produced a stable, laminar, and audibly quiet flame. Flame temperatures can be varied over a wide range either by changing the fuel-oxidant ratio or by diluting

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2

Carlos E. Arrieta, Mario Luna-DelRisco, Arley Cardona, et al. "Numerical Investigation of Operating Conditions that Lead to Flat Flames, Flashback, and Blowout in A Surface-Stabilized Combustion Burner." CFD Letters 15, no. 4 (2023): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.15.4.106113.

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Surface-stabilized combustion burners or surface-radiant burners use perforated ceramic plates, ceramic foams, or metal fibers to stabilize a premixed flame. These burners are the most straightforward alternative to have both, the benefits of the reactant preheating technique and a great amount of heat transferred by radiation from the burner to the load. However, in its design, one of the greatest difficulties is to predict the flame stability limits; especially under operating conditions that lead to flashbacks and blowouts. This work presents a computational methodology based on the finite

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3

Klein, Jean-Michel, Aurelien Genot, Axel Vincent-Randonnier, and Arnaud Mura. "Large-eddy simulation analysis of turbulent flame periodic flashbacks in a backward-facing step (BFS) combustor." Combustion and Flame 280 (October 2025): 114335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114335.

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4

Eichler, Christian, Georg Baumgartner, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Experimental Investigation of Turbulent Boundary Layer Flashback Limits for Premixed Hydrogen-Air Flames Confined in Ducts." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 12 (2012): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-dec-7.

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This article discusses the results of experimental investigation of turbulent boundary layer flashback limits for premixed hydrogen-air flames confined in ducts. A tube burner experiment was set-up to double-check the findings of the channel rig. Unconfined flashback experiments were carried out by stabilizing the flame on top of the pilot burner in free atmosphere. A confined flame configuration was achieved by simply fixing a ceramic ring with a diameter higher by 4 mm on top of the pilot burner. Flashback measurements with unconfined flame holding neatly reproduced literature values for ful

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5

Endres, Aaron, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Numerical Investigation of Pressure Influence on the Confined Turbulent Boundary Layer Flashback Process." Fluids 4, no. 3 (2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4030146.

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Boundary layer flashback from the combustion chamber into the premixing section is a threat associated with the premixed combustion of hydrogen-containing fuels in gas turbines. In this study, the effect of pressure on the confined flashback behaviour of hydrogen-air flames was investigated numerically. This was done by means of large eddy simulations with finite rate chemistry as well as detailed chemical kinetics and diffusion models at pressures between 0 . 5 and 3 . It was found that the flashback propensity increases with increasing pressure. The separation zone size and the turbulent fla

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6

KURDYUMOV, VADIM N., and AMABLE LIÑÁN. "STRUCTURE OF A FLAME FRONT PROPAGATING AGAINST THE FLOW NEAR A COLD WALL." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 12, no. 11 (2002): 2547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127402006023.

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The flashback or propagation of premixed flames against the flow of a reacting mixture, along the low velocity region near a cold wall, is investigated numerically. The analysis, carried out using the constant density approximation for an Arrhenius overall reaction, accounts for the effects of the Lewis number of the limiting reactant. Flame front propagation and flashback are only possible for values of the near wall velocity gradient below a critical value. The flame propagation becomes chaotic for small values of the Lewis number.

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7

Dias, David M., Pedro R. Resende, and Alexandre M. Afonso. "A Review on Micro-Combustion Flame Dynamics and Micro-Propulsion Systems." Energies 17, no. 6 (2024): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17061327.

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This work presents a state-of-the-art review of micro-combustion flame dynamics and micro propulsion systems. In the initial section, we focus in on the different challenges of micro-combustion, investigating the typical length and time scales involved in micro-combustion and some critical phenomena such as flammability limits and the quenching diameter.We present an extensive collection of studies on the principal types of micro-flame dynamics, including flashback, blow-off, steady versus non-steady flames, mild combustion, stable flames, flames with repetitive extinction, and ignition and pu

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8

Jiang, Xudong, Yihao Tang, Zhaohui Liu, and Venkat Raman. "Computational Modeling of Boundary Layer Flashback in a Swirling Stratified Flame Using a LES-Based Non-Adiabatic Tabulated Chemistry Approach." Entropy 23, no. 5 (2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050567.

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When operating under lean fuel–air conditions, flame flashback is an operational safety issue in stationary gas turbines. In particular, with the increased use of hydrogen, the propagation of the flame through the boundary layers into the mixing section becomes feasible. Typically, these mixing regions are not designed to hold a high-temperature flame and can lead to catastrophic failure of the gas turbine. Flame flashback along the boundary layers is a competition between chemical reactions in a turbulent flow, where fuel and air are incompletely mixed, and heat loss to the wall that promotes

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9

Fooladgar, Ehsan, and C. K. Chan. "Large Eddy Simulation of a Swirl-Stabilized Pilot Combustor from Conventional to Flameless Mode." Journal of Combustion 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8261560.

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This paper investigates flame and flow structure of a swirl-stabilized pilot combustor in conventional, high temperature, and flameless modes by means of a partially stirred reactor combustion model to provide a better insight into designing lean premixed combustion devices with preheating system. Finite rate chemistry combustion model with one step tuned mechanism and large eddy simulation is used to numerically simulate six cases in these modes. Results show that moving towards high temperature mode by increasing the preheating level, the combustor is prone to formation of thermalNOxwith hig

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10

Chang, Liuyong, Boxuan Cui, Chenglin Zhang, Zheng Xu, Guangze Li, and Longfei Chen. "Monitoring and Characterizing the Flame State of a Bluff-Body Stabilized Burner by Electrical Capacitance Tomography." Processes 11, no. 8 (2023): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11082403.

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Unstable combustion phenomena such as flame flashback, flame liftoff, extinction and blowout frequently take place during the operation of the bluff-body stabilized burner. Therefore, flame state monitoring is necessary for the safe operation of the bluff-body stabilized burner. In the present study, an electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system was deployed to detect the permittivity distribution in the premixing channel and further characterize the flame states of stabilization, flashback, liftoff, extinction and blowout. A calderon-based reconstruction method was modified to reconstruct

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11

Huang, Kai, Louis Benteux, Wenhu Han, and Damir M. Valiev. "Combined Impact of the Lewis Number and Thermal Expansion on Laminar Flame Flashback in Tubes." Fluids 9, no. 1 (2024): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids9010028.

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The understanding of the boundary layer flame flashback (BLF) has considerably improved in recent decades, driven by the increasing focus on clean energy and the need to address the operational issues associated with flashback. This study investigates the influence of the Lewis number (Le) on symmetric flame shapes under the critical conditions for a laminar boundary layer flashback in cylindrical tubes. It has been found that the transformation of the flame shape from a mushroom to a tulip happens in a tube of a given radius, as the thermal expansion coefficient and Le are modified. A smaller

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12

Fritz, J., M. Kro¨ner, and T. Sattelmayer. "Flashback in a Swirl Burner With Cylindrical Premixing Zone." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 2 (2004): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1473155.

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Flame flashback from the combustion chamber into the mixing zone is one of the inherent problems of lean premixed combustion and essentially determines the reliability of low NOx burners. Generally, flashback can be initiated by one of the following four phenomena: flashback due to the conditions in the boundary layer, flashback due to turbulent flame propagation in the core flow, flashback induced by combustion instabilities and flashback caused by combustion induced vortex breakdown. In this study, flashback in a swirling tubular flow was investigated. In order to draw maximum benefit from t

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13

Kurdyumov, V. N., E. Fernández, and A. Liñán. "Flame flashback and propagation of premixed flames near a wall." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 28, no. 2 (2000): 1883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(00)80592-5.

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14

Al-Tayyar, Mohammed A., Dhirgham Alkhafaji, and Haroun A. K. Shahad. "An Investigation into Burner Configuration Effects on Premixed Flame Characteristics for LPG Diluted with CO<sub>2</sub>." Applied Mechanics and Materials 914 (May 15, 2023): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-gu777j.

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Meeting stringent emission regulations, the demand for environmentally friendly fuels is increasing by the day. Alternative fuel must be burned alongside conventional fuel to increase the availability of such clean energy sources. The current experimental study investigates the characteristics of the premixed LPG flames with CO2 dilution in tube swirling and non-swirling burners. The study including testing the effects of equivalence ratios, φ, (0.8, 1, 1.2, & 1.4), CO2 dilution ratios (0%, 5%, 7.5%, & 10%), and aspect ratio of the non-swirling burner (2, 4, 6, 8, & 10). Two swirli

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15

Gruber, A., J. H. Chen, D. Valiev, and C. K. Law. "Direct numerical simulation of premixed flame boundary layer flashback in turbulent channel flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 709 (August 29, 2012): 516–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.345.

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AbstractDirect numerical simulations are performed to investigate the transient upstream propagation (flashback) of premixed hydrogen–air flames in the boundary layer of a fully developed turbulent channel flow. Results show that the well-known near-wall velocity fluctuations pattern found in turbulent boundary layers triggers wrinkling of the initially flat flame sheet as it starts propagating against the main flow direction, and that the structure of the characteristic streaks of the turbulent boundary layer ultimately has an important impact on the resulting flame shape and on its propagati

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16

Kro¨ner, M., J. Fritz, and T. Sattelmayer. "Flashback Limits for Combustion Induced Vortex Breakdown in a Swirl Burner." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 3 (2003): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1582498.

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Flame flashback from the combustion chamber into the mixing zone limits the reliability of swirl stabilized lean premixed combustion in gas turbines. In a former study, the combustion induced vortex breakdown (CIVB) has been identified as a prevailing flashback mechanism of swirl burners. The present study has been performed to determine the flashback limits of a swirl burner with cylindrical premixing tube without centerbody at atmospheric conditions. The flashback limits, herein defined as the upstream flame propagation through the entire mixing tube, have been detected by a special optical

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17

Andi, Sanata, Yuliati Lilis, Nur Sasongko Mega, and Nyoman Gede Wardana I. "FLAME BEHAVIOR INSIDE CONSTANT DIAMETER CYLINDRICAL MESOSCALE COMBUSTOR WITH DIFFERENT BACKWARD FACING STEP SIZE." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 8 (104) (2020): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.197988.

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This research observes the behavior of the flame stability in a cylindrical meso-scale combustor at various backward facing step sizes. The backward facing step was varied by changing the size of the combustor inlet diameter while the size of the combustor outlet diameter was kept constant, keeping a constant contact area. Butane gas (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) was used as fuel with air as the oxidizing agent. The results show that generally, the flame mode and area of the flame mode map are obtained for the conditions of the stable flame at combustor rim, stable flame in combustor, stable f

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18

Wierzba, I., and K. Kar. "Flame Flashback Within Turbulent Streams of Lean Homogeneous Fuel Mixtures and Air." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 114, no. 2 (1992): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905933.

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The flame flashback limit represents the minimum concentration of the fuel in the stream of homogeneous mixtures of fuel and air at which a flame can propagate upstream against the direction of the flow. Information about these limits is important in the assessment of the safety of operation in situations where a flowing homogeneous fuel-air mixture is present. The present work examines the flame flashback in turbulent homogeneous fuel-air streams with Reynolds number up to 16,000. The flashback limits were established for a number of common gaseous fuels, such as methane, propane, hydrogen, e

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19

Al-Naffakh, Jameel T., Mohammed R. Al-Qassab, Barzan Tarish Neamah, and Zaid Mohammed Hasan Al-Makhzoomi. "Experimental Investigation of Blending Acetylene with Iraqi LPG to Determine a Flame Stability Map." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 12, no. 1 (2022): 350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1.607.

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The difficult challenges facing the designers and engineers of combustion systems are the flame stability (flame stability map) represented by the limits of flashback and blow-off. In this study, acetylene gas was combined with Iraqi liquefied petroleum gas at rates (10% - 50%). The reason for choosing these two components is the low cost and ease of access to it. Where the flashback limits (critical velocity gradient) were obtained from (40-485) 1/sec, while the blow-off limits were (265-2510) 1/sec with a diameter of 25 cm for the burning nozzle diameter only for Iraqi LPG without mixing ace

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20

Schönborn, Alessandro, Parisa Sayad, and Jens Klingmann. "Influence of precessing vortex core on flame flashback in swirling hydrogen flames." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39, no. 35 (2014): 20233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.10.005.

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21

Heeger, C., R. L. Gordon, M. J. Tummers, T. Sattelmayer, and A. Dreizler. "Experimental analysis of flashback in lean premixed swirling flames: upstream flame propagation." Experiments in Fluids 49, no. 4 (2010): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0886-0.

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22

Scha¨fer, O., R. Koch, and S. Wittig. "Flashback in Lean Prevaporized Premixed Combustion: Nonswirling Turbulent Pipe Flow Study." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 3 (2003): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1581897.

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A fundamental study has been performed on the upstream flame propagation of a turbulent kerosene flame, stabilized in a confined stagnation flow at atmospheric pressure. Besides temperature and equivalence ratio, mixture properties and fluid dynamic parameters have been varied. The flashback phenomenon is discussed in terms of critical mean velocities and additionally based on detailed LDV data at the outlet of the premixing duct. The largest critical velocities uc for flashback are found for the “perfectly” premixed case and equivalence ratios close to stoichiometric, which is in accordance w

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23

Zimmermann, Paul, Julian Bajrami, and Friedrich Dinkelacker. "Validation of a Generic Non-Swirled Multi-Fuel Burner for the Measurement of Flame Stability Limits for Research of Advanced Sustainable Aviation Fuels." Energies 16, no. 22 (2023): 7480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16227480.

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Future aviation concepts should be both CO2-neutral and without other emissions. One approach to reaching both targets is based on sustainably produced synthetic liquid fuels, which may allow very clean, lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) combustion. For that, fuels are needed with much longer ignition delay times and a lower flashback propensity than current jet fuels. We describe an experimental setup to investigate the flashback stability of liquid fuels in a multi-fuel burner. In this work, the measurement procedure and the determination of the experimentally obtained accuracy are in focus w

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24

Huang, Kai, Damir M. Valiev, Hongtao Zhong, and Wenhu Han. "Numerical Study of the Influence of the Thermal Gas Expansion on the Boundary Layer Flame Flashback in Channels with Different Wall Thermal Conditions." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041844.

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In recent years, boundary layer flame flashback (BLF) has re-emerged as a technological and operational issue due to the more widespread use of alternative fuels as a part of a global effort to promote carbon neutrality. While much understanding has been achieved in experiments and simulations of BLF in the past decades, the theoretical modeling of BLF still largely relies on the progress made as early as the 1940s, when the critical gradient model (CGM) for the laminar flame flashback was proposed by Lewis and von Elbe. The CGM does not account for the modification of the upstream flow by the

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25

Park, Jaehyun, and Kyu Tae Kim. "Boundary layer flashback limits and flame dynamics of turbulent premixed hydrogen-air flames." Combustion and Flame 273 (March 2025): 113923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113923.

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26

Ebi, Dominik, and Noel T. Clemens. "Experimental investigation of upstream flame propagation during boundary layer flashback of swirl flames." Combustion and Flame 168 (June 2016): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.03.027.

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27

ИДРИСОВ, Д. В., С. С. МАТВЕЕВ, Н. И. ГУРАКОВ, et al. "NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE FLAME FLASHBACK IN A METHANE-HYDROGEN FUEL USED IN COMBUSTORS OF GAS-TURBINE ENGINES AND PROPULSION FACILITIES." Физика горения и взрыва 60, no. 4 (2024): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/fgv2024.9445.

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Проведено расчетно-экспериментальное исследование границ проскока пламени при горении предварительно подготовленного метановодородного топлива в вихревом горелочном устройстве с закруткой потока, а также в модельной камере сгорания, являющейся прототипом используемых малоэмиссионных камер сгорания с предварительной подготовкой смеси. В результате проведенных исследований выработаны рекомендации, применение которых позволяет определить проскок пламени с погрешностью, не превышающей ±5 %. Эти результаты могут быть использованы для повышения точности определения границ проскока пламени при горени

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28

Filomeno, Giovanni, Tommaso Capurso, Marco Torresi, and Giuseppe Pascazio. "Numerical study of the lean premixed PRECCINSTA burner with hydrogen enrichment." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 11014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131211014.

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Hydrogen combustion is one of the most promising solution to achieve a global decarbonization in power production and transports. Pure hydrogen combustion is far from becoming a standard but, during the energy transition, hydrogen co-firing can be a feasible and economically attractive shortterm measure. The use of hydrogen blending gives rise to several issues related to flashback, NOx emissions and thermo-acoustic instabilities. To improve the understanding of the effect of hydrogen enrichment, herein a numerical analysis of lean premixed hydrogen enriched flames is performed by means of 3D

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29

Choi, Jaehong, Hyung chul Kim, Jong guen Lee, and Youngbin Yoon. "Flame structure and flashback process in hydrogen partially premixed flame." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 168 (September 2025): 111511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111511.

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30

Pappa, Alessio, and Ward De Paepe. "Humidification Towards Flashback Prevention in a Classical Micro Gas Turbine: Thermodynamic Performance Assessment." E3S Web of Conferences 414 (2023): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341403010.

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Combustion air humidification has proven to be effective to stabilize hydrogen combustion and to avoid flashback apparition in a typical micro Gas Turbine (mGT). However, both the fuel alteration and combustion air dilution will impact the cycle performance. A complete characterization of this thermodynamic impact is essential to ensure that the mGTs become cleaner, and fully flexible to fit with the expectation of future small-scale decentralized power production. Therefore, the objective of this work is twofold: the determination of the necessary dilution for combustion stabilization, depend

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31

Jo, Seunghyun. "Flashback in diluted hydrogen flames." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 126 (May 2025): 159–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.029.

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32

Mohammad Nurizat Rahman, Norshakina Shahril, and Suzana Yusup. "Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas Swirling Flame Characteristics: A Numerical Analysis." CFD Letters 14, no. 7 (2022): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.14.7.100112.

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Increasing the amount of hydrogen (H2) in natural gas mixtures contributes to gas turbine (GT) decarbonisation initiatives. Hence, the swirling flame characteristics of natural gas mixtures with H2 are investigated in the current work using a numerical assessment of a single swirl burner, which is extensively employed in GT combustors. The baseline numerical and experimental cases pertained to natural gas compositions largely consisting of methane (CH4). The results show that the numerical model adequately describes the swirling component of the flame observed in the experiment. Altogether, th

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33

Tamang, Sajan, and Heesung Park. "Numerical investigation on the dry low NOx of hydrogen combustion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2968, no. 1 (2025): 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2968/1/012009.

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Abstract Globally, energy is predominantly generated through the combustion of fossil fuels. However, the emissions from these fuels severely impact the ecological balance and environment. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on clean and renewable energy sources as alternatives. Hydrogen is a promising and clean energy source for gas turbines, transportation, and industrial applications. Nevertheless, due to significant differences in hydrogen’s thermophysical properties, it cannot be directly integrated into conventional combustion systems. Therefore, a specialized micromix combustion mo

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34

Kurdyumov, V., E. Fernández-Tarrazo, J. M. Truffaut, J. Quinard, A. Wangher, and G. Searby. "Experimental and numerical study of premixed flame flashback." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31, no. 1 (2007): 1275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.100.

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35

Shakir Mahmood, Abdulrahman, and Fouad Alwan Saleh. "FLAME STABILITY IN SWIRLING AND BLUFF-BODY BURNERS: A REVIEW." Jurnal Teknologi 85, no. 6 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19588.

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Flame stability is one of the main challenges facing the different combustion applications. A lot of undesirable phenomena such as blow-off and flashback may occur according to the instability of the flame causing damage to the overall combustion system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods which help improve the combustion process and obtain wider flame stable regions. Among these methods, swirling flows and bluff-bodies are the most commonly used in flame stabilization. These may create central recirculation zones (CRZ’s) that, in turn, recirculate the heat and active chemical speci

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36

May, J. H., and T. M. Niemczyk. "An Argon-Sheathed Premixed Oxygen-Hydrogen Burner for Fundamental Studies." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 5 (1988): 788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884429120.

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A laminar flow premixed oxygen-hydrogen slot burner has been designed and constructed. The design allows operation over a wide variety of oxygen-hydrogen mixtures without flashback. One of the key design criteria was ease of machining, a feature that has resulted in considerable flexibility in the dimensions of the slots and the positioning of the sheath slots relative to the flame slot. The flame produced shows high stability and distinct regions which make it ideal for fundamental combustion diagnostic studies.

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37

Gruber, A., A. R. Kerstein, D. Valiev, C. K. Law, H. Kolla, and J. H. Chen. "Modeling of mean flame shape during premixed flame flashback in turbulent boundary layers." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 35, no. 2 (2015): 1485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.073.

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38

Ranjan, Rakesh, Dominik F. Ebi, and Noel T. Clemens. "Role of inertial forces in flame-flow interaction during premixed swirl flame flashback." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 37, no. 4 (2019): 5155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.09.010.

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39

Zhao, Guoyan, Jianhui Du, Hongxi Yang, Tao Tang, and Mingbo Sun. "Effects of injection on flame flashback in supersonic crossflow." Aerospace Science and Technology 120 (January 2022): 107226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2021.107226.

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40

Krupa, R. J., G. Zizak, and J. D. Winefordner. "Shielded flashback-resistant diffusion flame burner for combustion diagnostics." Applied Optics 25, no. 20 (1986): 3600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.25.003600.

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41

Nauert, A., P. Petersson, M. Linne, and A. Dreizler. "Experimental analysis of flashback in lean premixed swirling flames: conditions close to flashback." Experiments in Fluids 43, no. 1 (2007): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-007-0327-x.

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42

Eichler, Christian, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Experiments on Flame Flashback in a Quasi-2D Turbulent Wall Boundary Layer for Premixed Methane-Hydrogen-Air Mixtures." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 133, no. 1 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4001985.

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Premixed combustion of hydrogen-rich mixtures involves the risk of flame flashback through wall boundary layers. For laminar flow conditions, the flashback mechanism is well understood and is usually correlated by a critical velocity gradient at the wall. Turbulent transport inside the boundary layer considerably increases the flashback propensity. Only tube burner setups were investigated in the past, and thus turbulent flashback limits were only derived for a fully developed Blasius wall friction profile. For turbulent flows, details of the flame propagation in proximity to the wall remain u

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Prieur, Kevin, Guillaume Vignat, Daniel Durox, Thierry Schuller, and Sébastien Candel. "Flame and Spray Dynamics During the Light-Round Process in an Annular System Equipped With Multiple Swirl Spray Injectors." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 141, no. 6 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4042024.

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A successful ignition in an annular multi-injector combustor follows a sequence of steps. The first injector is ignited; two arch-shaped flame branches nearly perpendicular to the combustor backplane form; they propagate, igniting each injection unit; they merge. In this paper, characterization of the propagation phase is performed in an annular combustor with spray flames fed with liquid n-hepane. The velocity and the direction of the arch-like flame branch are investigated. Near the backplane, the flame is moving in a purely azimuthal direction. Higher up in the chamber, it is also moving in

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Hoferichter, Vera, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Boundary Layer Flashback in Premixed Hydrogen–Air Flames With Acoustic Excitation." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 140, no. 5 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4038128.

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Lean premixed combustion is prevailing in gas turbines to minimize nitrogen oxide emissions. However, this technology bears the risk of flame flashback and thermoacoustic instabilities. Thermoacoustic instabilities induce velocity oscillations at the burner exit which, in turn, can trigger flame flashback. This article presents an experimental study at ambient conditions on the effect of longitudinal acoustic excitation on flashback in the boundary layer of a channel burner. The acoustic excitation simulates the effect of thermoacoustic instabilities. Flashback limits are determined for differ

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Eichler, Christian, Georg Baumgartner, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Experimental Investigation of Turbulent Boundary Layer Flashback Limits for Premixed Hydrogen-Air Flames Confined in Ducts." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 134, no. 1 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4004149.

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The design of flashback-resistant premixed burners for hydrogen-rich fuels is strongly dependent on reliable turbulent boundary layer flashback limits, since this process can be the dominant failure type for mixtures with high burning velocities. So far, the flashback data published in literature is based on tube burner experiments with unconfined flames. However, this flame configuration may not be representative for the most critical design case, which is a flame being already present inside the duct geometry. In order to shed light on this potential misconception, boundary layer flashback l

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Hoferichter, Vera, Christoph Hirsch, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Prediction of Confined Flame Flashback Limits Using Boundary Layer Separation Theory." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 139, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4034237.

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Premixed combustion is a common technology applied in modern gas turbine combustors to minimize nitrogen oxide emissions. However, early mixing of fuel and oxidizer opens up the possibility of flame flashback into the premixing section upstream of the combustion chamber. Especially, for highly reactive fuels, boundary layer flashback (BLF) is a serious challenge. For high preheating and burner surface temperatures, boundary layer flashback limits for burner stabilized flames converge to those of so-called confined flames, where the flame is stabilized inside the burner duct. Hence, the predict

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Beerer, David, Vincent McDonell, Peter Therkelsen, and Robert K. Cheng. "Flashback and Turbulent Flame Speed Measurements in Hydrogen/Methane Flames Stabilized by a Low-Swirl Injector at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 136, no. 3 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4025636.

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This paper reports flashback limits and turbulent flame local displacement speed measurements in flames stabilized by a low swirl injector operated at elevated pressures and inlet temperatures with hydrogen and methane blended fuels. The goal of this study is to understand the physics that relate turbulent flame speed to flashback events at conditions relevant to gas turbine engines. Testing was conducted in an optically accessible single nozzle combustor rig at pressures ranging from 1 to 8 atm, inlet temperatures from 290 to 600 K, and inlet bulk velocities between 20 and 60 m/s for natural

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Duan, Zhixuan, Brendan Shaffer, Vincent McDonell, Georg Baumgartner, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Influence of Burner Material, Tip Temperature, and Geometrical Flame Configuration on Flashback Propensity of H2-Air Jet Flames." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 136, no. 2 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4025359.

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Flashback is a key operability issue for low emission premixed combustion systems operated on high hydrogen content fuels. Previous work investigated fuel composition impacts on flashback propensity and found that burner tip temperature was important in correlating flashback data in premixed jet flames. An enclosure around the jet flame was found to enhance the flame–burner rim interaction. The present study further addresses these issues using a jet burner with various geometric configurations and interchangeable materials. Systematic studies addressing the quantitative influence of various p

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Novoselov, Alex, Dominik Ebi, and Nicolas Noiray. "Accurate Prediction of Confined Turbulent Boundary Layer Flashback Through a Critically Strained Flame Model." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, August 31, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4055413.

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Abstract A novel boundary layer flashback model is developed based on previous measurements that showed flashback limits may be related to strained premixed flame extinction. According to the model, flashback occurs at the equivalence ratio where the strained extinction limit flame speed matches the mean axial flow velocity one thermal distance from the wall. The model is validated by comparison with experimental measurements of flashback of confined non-swirling turbulent hydrogen-air flames. This comparison shows that the proposed model is capable of predicting confined turbulent boundary la

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Jaeschke, Alexander, Bernhard Ćosić, Dominik Wassmer, and Christian Oliver Paschereit. "Experimental Investigation Of A Multi Tube Burner For Premixed Hydrogen And Natural Gas Low Emission Combustion." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, September 8, 2023, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4063378.

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Abstract Hydrogen as an essential part of future decarbonisation of the energy industry makes it a crucial necessity to replace conventional, natural gas based concepts in gas turbine combustion. This paper presents an experimental study of a multi tube jet flame burner. The study is carried out with natural gas and pure hydrogen fuel at gas turbine relevant conditions at atmospheric pressure. To identify key differences between hydrogen-air and natural gas-air flames on the overall robustness and flame flashback behaviour, air bulk velocity (80-120 m/s), adiabatic flame temperature (1235-2089

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