Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flame Painter

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Flame Painter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Flame Painter"

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Mathur, Manisha. "WILLIAM BLAKE- AN ENLIGHTENED VISIONARY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 3SE (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i3se.2014.3538.

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William Blake an English painter poet and printmaker is considered as a seminal figure in the history of poetry and visual arts of the Romantic age. In the realm of imaginative painting Blake stands quite alone, and to find any real parallel to this extraordinary man of genius one must go back to the illuminators and sculptors of the twelfth century. Born out of time, with no tradition of imaginative painting to guide him, the intense flame if his genius burns fitfully blazing with an unbearable brilliance. Blake, for his idiosyncratic views is held in high regard by critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. His paintings and poetry have been characterized as part of the Romantic movement are Pre-Romantic for its large appearance in the 18th C. Reverent of the bible but hostile to the Church of England, Blake was influenced by the ideals and ambitions of the French and American Revolutions.
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Davenport, Nancy. "William Holman Hunt’s Holy War in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem." Religion and the Arts 17, no. 4 (2013): 341–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-12341284.

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Abstract This essay is concerned to interpret the background, meaning, and reception of a late painting by the British Pre-Raphaelite painter William Holman Hunt entitled The Miracle of the Sacred Fire in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (1899). The painting illustrates and critiques an annual Easter Saturday miracle reported to have been experienced by believers and nonbelievers since the third century CE. During this miracle, fire descends from the oculus of the dome in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem onto the site believed to be the tomb of Christ, and impassioned pilgrims by the hundreds seek to light their candles with its flame. The painting, not well received when first exhibited at the New Gallery in London, remained in Hunt’s studio until his death in 1910. The history of the church in Jerusalem, the conflicts between the different Christian sects who guarded it, the attitude of one Victorian ecumenical Protestant traveler to Jerusalem toward these conflicts, and their resolution in his painting are the subjects used to explore this strangely overwrought and little known image.
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Engström, Berndt, Maj-Len Henriks-Eckerman, and Eeva Ånäs. "EXPOSURE TO PAINT DEGRADATION PRODUCTS WHEN WELDING, FLAME CUTTING, OR STRAIGHTENING PAINTED STEEL." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 51, no. 10 (1990): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298669091370103.

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Gündüz, G., D. Kisakürek, and S. Kayadan. "Flame retardant alkyd paint." Polymer Degradation and Stability 64, no. 3 (1999): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(98)00139-6.

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Cha, Minwoo, and Semyeoung Lee. "Analysis of Flame-Retardant Performance Based on Wood Density and Flame-Retardant Treatment Method." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 4 (2021): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.4.69.

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For this study, four types of wood with different densities (spruce and low-, medium-, and high-density fiberboards) were selected from wood widely used as materials in real life, particularly in architectural interiors. For each wood type, flame-retardant paints (water- and oil-based) and flame-retardant liquids were applied two to five times using three flame-retardant treatment methods (roller, brush, and spray) to test the flame-retardant performance. For the four types of wood specimens with different densities, their flame-retardant performances and ignition times were compared and analyzed according to the applied flame-retardant paint (water- and oil-based) and liquid, treatment method, and frequency at which a specific paint was applied. These results can be used as empirical data on changes in flame-retardant performance based on density of wood and flame-retardant treatment method.
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Giudice,, C. A., and B. del Amo,. "Anticorrosive Paints with Flame Retardant Properties." Corrosion Reviews 14, no. 1-2 (1996): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev.1996.14.1-2.35.

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El-Wahab, H. Abd, Salah A. A. Mohamed, and Islam Gomaa. "New Flame Retardant and Antimicrobial Paints Based on Epoxy Paint Incorporated by Hexachlorocylodiphosphazane Derivatives for Protective Coating." Journal of Coating Science and Technology 5, no. 3 (2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2369-3355.2018.05.03.3.

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Wang, Li Na, Bing Bing Fan, Rui Zhang, Hai Long Wang, and De Liang Chen. "Preparation and Characterization of Anti-Oxidation Coatings for Sliding Plates." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 432–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.432.

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High-temperature anti-oxidation coating was prepared by a milling process, which mainly composed of flake graphite and hexagonal BN (hBN). The coating was brushed on the sliding plate surface and dried in air for 24 h, The surface of the sliding plate painted was smooth and without peeling, suggesting a strong bonding strength. The samples were heated at 1200 °C for 20 min to evaluate the mass-loss rate. The mass-loss rate of the slide gate painted is 3.7%, less than the un-painted 5.1%. XRD and SEM techniques were used to characterize the as-heated samples. The results showed that the surface of the slide plate painted was skin rolling. And the graphite reacted with oxygen at an elevated temperature to reduce oxygen concentration. In addition, hBN also reacted with oxygen to form B2O3, which also has an oxygen-resistant role in the sliding plates. These coatings exhibited unique oxidation-resistant properties, and the service life of the coated sliding plates was obviously improved.
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Santos Sales, Carlos Alexandre, Carlos Fernando Gomes do Nascimento, Thais Marques da Silva, et al. "Fire resistance of ceramic-masonry sealing blocks using intumescent paint protection." Revista ALCONPAT 10, no. 1 (2019): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v10i1.417.

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The efficiency of surface protection of sealing masonry structures with intumescent ink was evaluated in relation to mechanical resistance and thermal insulation. Sixty ceramic sealing masonry blocks were used. The temperature of the face directly exposed to the flame was on average 25% lower for the block with passive protection. The compressive strength of the blocks with passive protection was about 70% higher than the unprotected blocks, after 60 minutes of direct exposure to the flame. More than 70% of the blocks without passive protection and that were exposed to flame had compressive resistance of 1.35 MPa, while 100% of the blocks with protection had values 2.38 MPa, even after 60 minutes of exposure
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Bennetts, Christine. "Fanning the Aesthetic Flame: Learning for Life." Gifted Education International 15, no. 3 (2001): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142940101500304.

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Selected findings are presented from a doctoral study (Bennetts 1998) into traditional mentor relationships in the lives of 35 creative people, including painters, poets, writers, sculptors, dancers and actors. The study used a hermeneutic (interpretive) approach which demands that meanings are constructed through negotiation with participants, and accepts that these meanings are themselves processual, shifting and developing through reflection long after the inquiry ends. Mentor alliances from childhood to adulthood and across personal and professional development were examined. The role of the mentor is described within in the nebulous concept of ‘career’ in the creative arts, and summaries are provided of effective mentoring at each stage of life. Findings show that the mentoring process remains the same at whatever age mentoring occurs; that mentors can help latent creativity to flourish at any age; and that those who have experienced mentor relationships go on to be mentors themselves.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flame Painter"

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Piovarči, Rastislav. "Escape Motions: Rozšíření editoru Flame Painter." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236339.

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Main goal of this master´s thesis is to propose and implement improvements to an original purely raster version of Flame Painter editor. An enhancement of the undo/redo system with emphasise to its functionality and memory requirements has been implemented. Moreover, the editor was extended by adding an ability to edit brush strokes using vector primitives which effectively assist the user in future stroke editing. This project was created in cooperation with employees of the Escape Motions Company.
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Jossé, Camille. "Mélanges de polyoléfines : Influence des procédés de mise en oeuvre et de flammage sur leurs propriétés rhéologiques et mécaniques ainsi que sur leur aptitude à la mise en peinture." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI042/document.

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Les pièces peintes de pièces extérieures automobiles doivent être réalisées en matériaux respectueux de l’environnement qui combinent à la fois fluidité, propriétés mécaniques et aspect visuel. Dans ce contexte, un polypropylène homopolymère conventionnel (PP) a été extrudé et mélangé de manière homogène avec un PP extrêmement fluide, contenant des espèces réactives dans le but d’augmenter la fluidité du mélange final. Ce procédé réactif a ensuite été appliqué à une formulation commerciale automobile de « PP choc » contenant un copolymère d’Ethylène Propylène Rubber (EPR). Une étude rhéologique a permis de modéliser l’évolution de la viscosité en fonction de la composition du mélange. Néanmoins, l’augmentation de la fluidité s’accompagne d’une diminution de la résistance au choc. De manière à faire face à la perte de propriétés mécaniques, l’utilisation d’élastomères thermoplastiques spécifiques a permis d‘augmenter la résilience au choc et l’allongement à la rupture tout en obtenant une fluidité quatre fois supérieure à celle du matériau original. Les aspects rhéologiques, thermomécaniques et morphologiques ont été soigneusement étudiés afin d’établir des relations entre la structure et les propriétés. Dans un second temps, une étude de la mise en peinture des pièces en polyoléfines injectées a été réalisée. Comme la nature hydrophobe du polypropylène ne permet pas une bonne adhésion du revêtement sur sa surface, son activation par flammage est requise. Les effets de différents paramètres (comme la vitesse, la hauteur ou le rapport air-gaz de la flamme) sont étudiés en termes de mouillabilité et d’adhésion du feuil de peinture. Ensuite, des essais aux échelles laboratoires et industrielles ont révélé un défaut du système peint lorsque le polymère possède une quantité importante de talc. L’impact de cette charge sur les propriétés rhéologiques, thermiques et mécaniques du matériau a été étudié. Il a été observé que le cisaillement sur une formulation dont la matrice polymère n’a pas d’affinité particulière avec la surface du talc est responsable d’un délaminage dans le substrat. Pour améliorer l’interface talc-matrice, l’ajout de copolymères fonctionnalisés d’anhydride maléique a permis d’augmenter le niveau d’interactions. Cet effet a été mis en évidence grâce à l’étude des propriétés rhéologiques et mécaniques du système
Automotive painted exterior car parts have to be made of eco-friendly materials combining fluidity, mechanical properties and visual aspects. In this context, a conventional polypropylene (PP) homopolymer has been extruded and homogeneously blended with an extremely high flow PP, containing reactive species to increase the fluidity of the resulting material. The reactive process was then applied to an automotive high impact PP/Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) formulation and rheological studies allowed us to model the evolution of viscosity as a function of the blend composition. Nevertheless, the increase of fluidity induces a lack of impact resistance. In order to cope with the loss of mechanical properties, the use of a specific thermoplastic elastomers allowed to successfully emphasize impact resilience and strain at break while reaching a viscosity four times lower than the one of the original material. Rheological, thermomechanical and morphological aspects were examined carefully to establish structure-properties relationships. In a second time, a study of the painting of automotive car parts, made of injected polyolefins was carried out. As the hydrophobic nature of polypropylene does not allow a good adhesion between the coating and the polymer surface, the surface activation by flame treatment is required. The effects of different parameters (such as speed, height or air to fuel ratio of the flame) were studied in terms of wettability and coating adhesion. Then, lab-scale as well as pre-industrial experiments revealed defaults of the painted systems when the polymer was highly filled with talc. Then, the impact of the filler on the rheological, thermal and mechanical properties was studied. It was observed that the effects of shear on a formulation where the polymer matrix has no particular physical affinity with the talc surface are responsible of delamination. To enhance the talc-matrix interface, the addition of maleated copolymers pointed out that maleated copolymers increase the level of interactions and lead to a more homogeneous behavior, as revealed by studying both rheological and mechanical properties
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Wu, Ming-Lun, and 吳明倫. "A Study on Halogen-Free, Nano Flame Retardant Paint for TPU Substrate." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s264f6.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
材料科學與工程系
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The research on halogen-free nano flame retardant paint is attracted more attentions due to Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) announced by European Union and rising concept of green environment. Therefore it is important and essential to develop halogen-free flame retardant of TPU-based green materials to improve industrial competitiveness and internationalization in enlarging green materials markets. In this research the halogen-free flame retardants for TPU substrate were successfully prepared and characterized. We employed high transparent double-liquid type PU resin (polyester polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate) as coating solutions. The solutions were mixed homogeneously with halogen-free phosphate ester and Phosphazene type flame retardants respectively. Afterwards the mixture solutions were nanosized by wet milling technique. Finally the mixtures were coated on TPU substrate as TPU-based halogen-free nano flame retardants. The SEM morphology, thermal properties, UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and flame retardancy of coated TPU were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed the smaller particle size of flame retardant the better flame retardancy of coated TPU. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that flame retardancy occurred when the degradation temperature(Td) of flame retardant is lower Td of TPU. UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed that the smaller particle sizes of flame retardant the higher transparency of coated TPU which can reach to over 80%. Flame retardancy measurement demonstrated that coated TPU can obtain UL94 V-0 flammability standard. These results suggest the developed approach is an effective way to fabricate TPU-based halogen-free flame retardants.
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Books on the topic "Flame Painter"

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Mullins, Charlotte. Brian Graham: Flint and flame. Hart Gallery, 2008.

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1942-, Kytola Larry, ed. How to paint flames. Motorbooks International, 1990.

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Bruce, Caldwell. How to paint flames. 2nd ed. MBI Pub. Co and Motorbooks, 2011.

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Marcheschi, Jean-Paul. Le livre du sommeil: Notes sur la flamme, la peinture et la nuit : suivi de entretiens, 1991-1999. Somogy éditions d'art, 2001.

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Griffiths, Carne. Organic Painter: Explore Unusual Materials and Playful Techniques to Expand Your Creative Practice; Learn to Paint with Tea, Coffee, Embroidery, Flame and More. Quarto Publishing Group USA, 2019.

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How To Paint Flames (How-To). Motorbooks, 2005.

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Le livre du sommeil. Notes sur la flamme, la peinture et la nuit,. Somogy, 2001.

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K, Whitfield Jamie, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. Using a flame ionization detector (FID) to continuously measure toxic organic vapors in a paint spray booth. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992.

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Verschuur, Gerrit L. Impact! Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195101058.001.0001.

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Most scientists now agree that some sixty-five million years ago, an immense comet slammed into the Yucatan, detonating a blast twenty million times more powerful than the largest hydrogen bomb, punching a hole ten miles deep in the earth. Trillions of tons of rock were vaporized and launched into the atmosphere. For a thousand miles in all directions, vegetation burst into flames. There were tremendous blast waves, searing winds, showers of molten matter from the sky, earthquakes, and a terrible darkness that cut out sunlight for a year, enveloping the planet in freezing cold. Thousands of species of plants and animals were obliterated, including the dinosaurs, some of which may have become extinct in a matter of hours. In Impact, Gerrit L. Verschuur offers an eye-opening look at such catastrophic collisions with our planet. Perhaps more important, he paints an unsettling portrait of the possibility of new collisions with earth, exploring potential threats to our planet and describing what scientists are doing right now to prepare for this awful possibility. Every day something from space hits our planet, Verschuur reveals. In fact, about 10,000 tons of space debris fall to earth every year, mostly in meteoric form. The author recounts spectacular recent sightings, such as over Allende, Mexico, in 1969, when a fireball showered the region with four tons of fragments, and the twenty-six pound meteor that went through the trunk of a red Chevy Malibu in Peekskill, New York, in 1992 (the meteor was subsequently sold for $69,000 and the car itself fetched $10,000). But meteors are not the greatest threat to life on earth, the author points out. The major threats are asteroids and comets. The reader discovers that astronomers have located some 350 NEAs ("Near Earth Asteroids"), objects whose orbits cross the orbit of the earth, the largest of which are 1627 Ivar (6 kilometers wide) and 1580 Betula (8 kilometers). Indeed, we learn that in 1989, a bus-sized asteroid called Asclepius missed our planet by 650,000 kilometers (a mere six hours), and that in 1994 a sixty-foot object passed within 180,000 kilometers, half the distance to the moon. Comets, of course, are even more deadly. Verschuur provides a gripping description of the small comet that exploded in the atmosphere above the Tunguska River valley in Siberia, in 1908, in a blinding flash visible for several thousand miles (every tree within sixty miles of ground zero was flattened). He discusses Comet Swift-Tuttle--"the most dangerous object in the solar system"--a comet far larger than the one that killed off the dinosaurs, due to pass through earth's orbit in the year 2126. And he recounts the collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter in 1994, as some twenty cometary fragments struck the giant planet over the course of several days, casting titanic plumes out into space (when Fragment G hit, it outshone the planet on the infrared band, and left a dark area at the impact site larger than the Great Red Spot). In addition, the author describes the efforts of Spacewatch and other groups to locate NEAs, and evaluates the idea that comet and asteroid impacts have been an underrated factor in the evolution of life on earth. Astronomer Herbert Howe observed in 1897: "While there are not definite data to reason from, it is believed that an encounter with the nucleus of one of the largest comets is not to be desired." As Verschuur shows in Impact, we now have substantial data with which to support Howe's tongue-in-cheek remark. Whether discussing monumental tsunamis or the innumerable comets in the Solar System, this book will enthrall anyone curious about outer space, remarkable natural phenomenon, or the future of the planet earth.
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Book chapters on the topic "Flame Painter"

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Zeitlin, Steve. "The Grease Lamp’s Flicker and Flare." In The Poetry of Everyday Life. Cornell University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501702358.003.0022.

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This chapter suggests that each of our souls is akin to that flickering, wavering light dancing upon the stone pallettes of early humans who painted in dark caves. It says a tiny lamp burns in each of us, flickering as we move through the cave of our experience, illuminating the bones of reindeer and fish, the small images of our daily lives. Our peak moments, however, are like the huge painted images—the aurochs, bison, and bulls—that appear suddenly before us in the flare of our lamps. In these transcendent moments, we witness the grand ideas that shape our path. In modern times, we are far removed from the cave painters' world of ceremony. The cave paintings represent a behest from our ancestors to record our own experiences on the page, canvas, stage, or screen so that others might discover them. Only a few of the many painted caves have been preserved, just as most—but not all—of our artistic works are destined to remain undiscovered.
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Creatsas, George, and George Mastorakos. "Endocrine disruptors." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1050.

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During the past 50 years, there has been a huge increase in the number of chemical substances used worldwide as plasticizers, pesticides, detergents, paints, metal food cans, flame retardants, cosmetics, and chemical wastes, which exhibit the potential to interfere with the endocrine system of humans and animals. In addition, it has been found that many natural plant products have the same features (i.e. phyto-oestrogens). The public health risks related to these substances have raised reasonable concerns. Thus, the so-called endocrine disruptors have become the target of major scientific research.
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Bowditch, Rachel. "Commemorating the Ancestors, Performances of Death at the Tucson All Souls Procession." In Focus on World Festivals. Goodfellow Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-910158-55-5-3006.

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At dusk close to 100,000 people clad in black and white face paint and hand-made costumes emerge from all directions marching along a two-mile procession route from Hotel Congress in Tucson, Arizona to the finale site carrying puppets, banners, effigies, floats and posters with photographs of the dead of all shapes and sizes. Crowds of people line the streets; however unlike the Macy’s Day Thanksgiving Parade and other official processions, there are no street barriers separating those marching in the procession and those observing; the lines are porous and blurred. Participants move fluidly in and out of the procession between spectating and marching: dancing, drumming and walking. There is no clear distinction between sidewalk and street; between official performers and spectators—everyone is a participant. There is a somber sense of excitement and anticipation. A large-scale sculptural urn assisted by guardians from the performance troupe Flam Chen weaves through the dense crowd collecting hand-written prayers and offerings from passersby. Day of the Dead motifs of black and white skeletons, flowers, and masks dominate the visual landscape mixed with a fusion of hybrid imagery that evokes death, memory and celebration. Suspended weightlessly above a crowd of fire-lit faces, a figure moves gracefully without a safety net, wrapping her body in aerial silks tethered to helium balloon clusters. Stilted figures in ornate hand-constructed costumes twirl fire to the thundering beating drum. Costumed figures scale the metal tower with torches to light the large paper mache urn, which is filled with the prayers of the entire community. Flames lick up the sides of the urn transforming it into a ball of raging fire; the crowd cheers as they watch their prayers ascend into the darkness. This ritual burning of the urn signifies the culminating act of the Tucson All Souls’ Procession. Flam Chen, pyrotechnic performance troupe from Tucson and Many Mouths One Stomach, the organizers of the event, stage a fire aerial performance followed by the symbolic burning of the urn filled with the community’s prayers and wishes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Flame Painter"

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Lee, Chang-Myung, Sergey P. Bardakhanov, Vladimir N. Goverdovskiy, and Dmitry D. Moldavskiy. "Nanotech for vehicle paint and flame-retardant coatings." In 2010 International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2010.5668023.

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Mazumder, Sonal, Suvojit Ghosh, Joseph O. Falkinham, and Ishwar K. Puri. "Factors Affecting the Assembly of Carbon Nanostructures With Cells and Enzymes." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13258.

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Carbon nanostructures were synthesized and deposited through flame synthesis on stainless steel grids and foils, and on bare and ferrofluid-painted silicon wafers at different nonpremixed flame locations to produce hydrophobic surfaces. The hydrophobicity is characterized through the contact angle for water droplets placed on the surface. The surface morphology of the nanoparticles is obtained from high-resolution FESEM images. Following synthesis and deposition the adherence, activity, and stability of bacterial cells, antibodies, and enzymes on the carbon nanostructures can be studied.
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Ramakrishnan, Kishore Ranganath, Shoaib Ahmed, Srinath Ekkad, Federico Liberatore, and Yin-Hsiang Ho. "Characterization of Transient Wall Heat Load for a Low NOx Lean Premixed Swirl Stabilized Can Combustor Under Reacting Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14429.

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Abstract Modern combustor design optimization is contingent on the accurate characterization of the combustor flame side heat loads. Knowledge of regions of high and low heat loads on the liner wall helps designers optimize the cooling designs. The present work focuses on the experimental measurement of the transient heat load along a fused silica (quartz) optical can combustor under reacting conditions for a swirl stabilized premixed methane-air flame. Equivalence ratio was varied from 0.55 to 0.65. Reynolds number based on combustor diameter was varied from 12500 to 18000, where the preheated air temperature was approximately 373 K. The percentage of pilot fuel was varied from 6% to 10% of the main fuel flow rate. Inner and outer walls of the liner were painted with a high temperature flat black paint with an azimuthal offset to aid in infrared measurement of the wall temperature using an infrared camera. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was employed to visualize the flow field for various reacting conditions studied in this work. Based on the heat transfer study, a detailed report of transient heat load along the length of the liner wall for varying reacting conditions has been presented here. The location of impingement of the flame onto the liner and velocity of the flow field were obtained from PIV measurements. Wall heat load at various planes along the length of the liner have been presented. Repeatability of this transient experiment was within 10% between eight different runs for various locations along the length of the liner, except for the region close to flame impingement zone. In the impingement zone, liner heat load varied by about 25% between different runs. It was observed that the change in heat load upstream of the location of impingement on the liner was insignificant with change in pilot ratio as the system tends towards a steady state, contrary to the regions downstream. Higher Reynolds number and equivalence ratios increased the heat load on the liner as expected.
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Baba, Gorow, and Hirotoshi Arai. "Gonio-spectrophotometry of metal-flake and pearl-mica pigmented paint surfaces." In Fourth Oxford Conference on Spectroscopy, edited by Art Springsteen and Michael Pointer. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.514525.

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Zizin, Anton, Oliver Lammel, Michael Severin, Holger Ax, and Manfred Aigner. "Development of a Jet-Stabilized Low-Emission Combustor for Liquid Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42642.

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In this work the ongoing development of a jet-stabilized FLOX®(Flameless Oxidation)-type low-emission combustor for liquid fuels is described. The desired application of this concept is a micro gas turbine range extender for next generation car concepts. Diesel DIN EN 590 was used to operate the combustor, which is very similar to other fuels like bio-diesel, light heating oil and kerosene and therefore provides a link to other gas turbine applications in power generation. The investigation of flame stabilization of jet flames as well as fuel atomization, spray dispersion and evaporation is essential for the design of an effective and reliable combustor for liquid fuels. An axisymmetric single-nozzle combustion chamber was chosen for the initial setup. A variety of burner configurations was tested in order to investigate the influence of different design parameters on the flame shape, the flame stability and emissions. Two pressure atomizers and one air-blast atomizer were combined with two types of air nozzles and two different burner front plates (axisymmetric and off-centered jet nozzle). Finally, a twelve nozzle FLOX® combustor with pre-evaporator was designed and characterized. The combustor was operated at atmospheric pressure with preheated air (300° C) and in a range of equivalence ratios φ between 0.5 and 0.95 (λ = 1.05–2). The maximum thermal power was 40 kW. For each combustor configuration and operating condition the flame shape was imaged by OH*-chemiluminescence, together with an analysis of the exhaust gas emissions. Laser sheet imaging was used to identify the spray geometry for all axisymmetric combustors. Wall temperatures were measured for two configurations using temperature sensitive paints, which will be utilized in future CFD modeling. The results show a dependence of NOx emissions on the flame’s lift-off height, which in turn is defined by the spray properties and evaporation conditions. The tendency to soot formation was strongly dependent on the correlation of the recirculation zone to the spray cone geometry. In particular, strong soot formation was observed when unevaporated droplets entered the recirculation zone.
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6

Elmoursi, Alaa A., and Hsai-Yin Lee. "Droplet and Flake Size Distribution in the Electrostatic Spraying of Metallic Paint." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890354.

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7

Jella, Sandeep, Pierre Gauthier, and Marius Paraschivoiu. "CFD Predictions of CO Emission Trends in an Industrial Gas Turbine Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23196.

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CFD predictions of emissions such as NOx and CO in industrial lean-premixed gas turbine combustors depend heavily on the degree to which the complexity of turbulent mixing and turbulence-chemistry interaction in the flow-field is modeled. While there is much difficulty in obtaining detailed and accurate internal data from high pressure combustors, there is a definite need for accurately understanding the flow physics towards the improvement of design. This work summarizes some experience with using the RANS and LES approaches in a commercial code, Fluent 6.3, to predict CO emissions and temperature trends in the two-stage Rolls-Royce RB211-DLE combustor. The predictions are validated against exit emissions (obtained from exhaust gas analysis) and some thermal paint tests for qualitative agreement on flame-stabilization. The upstream geometry (plenum and counter-swirlers) was included in order to minimize the effect of boundary conditions on the combustion zone. The presumed pdf approach as well as finite-rate chemistry models using the eddy dissipation concept were used to compare the predictions. It was found that there was a very significant benefit in moving to more advanced turbulence modeling methods to obtain realistic predictions in a confined, swirling burner. Thermal paint tests indicated that flame stabilization and temperatures (and therefore CO) was incorrectly predicted in the RANS context. LES results, on the other hand, more accurately predicted flame stabilization with corresponding improvements in the exit CO predictions. Ongoing work focuses on the variations that can be expected by varying discretization schemes, combustion models and sub-grid turbulence models as well as obtaining detailed internal data suitable for LES comparisons.
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Scholler, S., J. Marks, M. Harbison, L. Kvidahl, and T. D. Huang. "Shipboard Fairing Process Improvement and Testing." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-280.

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The flame straightening process has been developed since 1940; however, the process at Ingalls Shipbuilding (Ingalls) was loosely controlled with the majority of procedural steps governed by the flame straightener performing the operation. Findings from initial research showed excessive heat, both in the size and temperature of the heat spots as well as the quantity of spots used to achieve flatness. The amount of heat involved drastically increased paint rework, delayed schedules, and affected the surrounding structural members causing crippled structures that must be cut out and replaced. Between operators or applications, the process also varied greatly which provided no measureable work scope and led to the tendency of the straighteners to apply far more heat than necessary to achieve panel flatness tolerances. The Ingalls research team executed tasking that analyzed the current flame straightening process, quantified issues associated with overheating, tested a variety of different straightening patterns, and ultimately implemented a revised procedure. The new, more efficient procedure reduces the amount of heat spots required to achieve flatness tolerance with and thus decreases the process cost, minimizes heat input, and prevents damage caused by past practices.
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Zhirui, Dong, and Zhu Changqing. "A Coupled Iterative Method for Calculation of Film-Cooled Wall Temperature of Gas-Turbine Combustion Chambers." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-113.

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This paper provides a numerical method for calculation of the film-cooled wall temperature profile of the combustion chambers. It is named Convection-Conduction-Radiation Coupled Iterative Method (CCRCIM). CCRCIM will solve problem with complex boundary conditions including longitudinal conduction between two or more individually cooled louvers. As an example to apply CCRCIM, the wall temperature profile and the heat flow profile of WP-7B flame tube with hole-drilled film-cooled construction has been calculated. The calculated temperature profile agrees well with that shown by thermal paint.
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Sallevelt, Joost L. H. P., Artur K. Pozarlik, Gerrit Brem, Martin Beran, and Lars-Uno Axelsson. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Ethanol Combustion in an Industrial Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94618.

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The application of ethanol as a biomass-derived fuel in OPRA’s 2 MWe class OP16 radial gas turbine has been studied both numerically and experimentally. The main purpose of this work is to validate the numerical model for future work on biofuel combustion. For the experimental investigation a modified OP16 gas turbine combustor has been used. This reverse-flow tubular combustor is a diffusion type combustor that has been adjusted to be suitable for numerical validation. Two series of ethanol burning experiments have been conducted at atmospheric pressure with a thermal input ranging from 16 to 72 kW. Exhaust gas temperature and emissions (CO, CO2, O2, NOx) were measured at various fuel flow rates while keeping the air flow rate and air temperature constant. In addition, the temperature profile of the combustor liner has been determined by applying thermochromic paint. CFD simulations have been performed in Ansys Fluent for four different operating conditions considered in the experiments. The simulations are based on a 3D RANS code. Fuel droplets representing the fuel spray are tracked throughout the domain while they interact with the gas phase. A temperature profile based on measurements has been prescribed on the liner to account for heat transfer through the flame tube wall. Detailed combustion chemistry is included by using the steady laminar flamelet model. The predicted levels of CO2 and O2 in the exhaust gas are in good agreement with the experimental results. The calculated and measured exhaust gas temperatures show a close match for the low power condition, but more significant deviations are observed in the higher load cases. Also, the comparison pointed out that the CFD model needs to be improved regarding the prediction of the pollutants CO and NOx. Chemiluminescence of CH radicals in the flame front indicated that the flame extends up to the liner, suggesting the presence of fuel near the surface. However, this result was not confirmed by liner temperature measurements using thermochromic paint.
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