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Journal articles on the topic 'Flame photometric detection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Aue, Walter A., Cecil G. Eisener, Jennifer A. Gebhardt, and Nancy B. Lowery. "Holophotal flame photometric detection." Journal of Chromatography A 688, no. 1-2 (December 1994): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)00901-5.

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2

Sun, Xun-Yun, and Walter A. Aue. "Detection at the picogram level of bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium by gas chromatography – flame photometry." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-138.

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Ruthenocene — bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium — can be determined with surprisingly high sensitivity and selectivity by gas chromatography – flame photometry. The detector's response relies mainly on an unidentified emission system (RuH?) with major peaks at 484 and 528 nm, while some familiar atomic lines show up as well. Without interference filter, the minimum detectable amount of ruthenocene, at S/N = 2, is approximately 2 pg (or 2 × 10−13 g/s or 1 × 10−15 mol/s), the elemental selectivity ruthenium/carbon 4 × 105, and the linear range 1:4 × 104. These calibration characteristics place ruthenium among the strongest luminescing and best performing species in the flame photometric detector. In fact, under conditions optimized for ruthenocene, ruthenium responds stronger than other FPD-active atoms (Sn, P, Cr, S, B). Fortunately, quenching effects are very weak: for instance, it takes about 1600 ppm (v/v) of methane in the detector to reduce the ruthenocene peak height by 50%.Keywords: ruthenocene, gas chromatography, flame photometric detector, ruthenium hydride.

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3

Markides, Karin E., Ed D. Lee, Randy Bolick, and Milton L. Lee. "Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography with dual-flame photometric detection." Analytical Chemistry 58, no. 4 (April 1986): 740–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00295a019.

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4

Sänger-van de Griend, C. E., Ch E. Kientz, and U. A. Th Brinkman. "Capillary electrophoresis coupled on-line with flame photometric detection." Journal of Chromatography A 673, no. 2 (July 1994): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)85048-8.

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5

Howard, A. G., and C. Y. Yeh. "Sulfide Measurement by Flow Injection Analysis with Flame Photometric Detection." Analytical Chemistry 70, no. 22 (November 1998): 4868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac980700a.

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6

Thurbide, Kevin B., and Christine D. Anderson. "Flame photometric detection inside of a capillary gas chromatography column." Analyst 128, no. 6 (2003): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b212727j.

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7

Kientz, Ch E., A. Verweij, H. L. Boter, A. Poppema, R. W. Frei, G. J. de Jong, and U. A. Th Brinkman. "On-line flame photometric detection in micro-column liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 467 (January 1989): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93991-3.

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8

OKAZAKI, Tsuneki, Hiroyuki KATAOKA, Nobuaki MUROI, and Masami MAKITA. "Determination of linear-alkylbenzenesulfonate by GC with flame photometric detection." Bunseki kagaku 38, no. 7 (1989): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.38.7_312.

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9

Gassmann, Guenter, and Sven Dahlke. "Flame-photometric detection of nitrous oxide in addition to phosphine." Journal of Chromatography A 598, no. 2 (May 1992): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)85062-x.

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10

McKelvie, Kaylan H., and Kevin B. Thurbide. "Analysis of sulfur compounds using a water stationary phase in gas chromatography with flame photometric detection." Analytical Methods 9, no. 7 (2017): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay03017c.

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11

Andrawes, F., T. Chang, and R. Scharrer. "Analysis of volatiles in tall oil by gas chromatography, flame-photometric detection, flame-ionization detection and mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography A 468 (May 1989): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)96312-x.

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12

Thurbide, Kevin B., and Brad W. Cooke. "Supercritical argon as a mobile phase for the flame photometric detection of sulfur." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-132.

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The background emission properties of supercritical argon and supercritical carbon dioxide mobile phases in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (pSFC) with flame photometric detection (FPD) were compared. As column flow rates were increased toward common values used in pSFC, the carbon dioxide background emission grew enormously. The resulting emission spectrum displayed dominant features at wavelengths between 325 and 525 nm, consisting of a complex series of overlapping molecular emission band systems partly attributed to CO* and CH*. By comparison, when using the same flow rates with a supercritical argon mobile phase, the background emission was identical to that of the FPD flame without column effluent. In terms of intensity, when using a column flow rate of 2 mL/min, supercritical carbon dioxide contributes a background emission in the FPD that is about 3 × 105 times larger than that produced by supercritical argon. This difference leads to an improvement of two orders of magnitude in the pSFC-FPD signal-to-noise ratio for sulfur when a supercritical argon mobile phase is used. Results indicate that supercritical argon could also be advantageous for the pSFC-FPD analysis of other elements.Key words: supercritical fluid chromatography, packed column, flame photometric detection, supercritical argon.

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13

Olesik, Susan V., Lars A. Pekay, and Elizabeth A. Paliwoda. "Characterization and optimization of flame photometric detection in supercritical fluid chromatography." Analytical Chemistry 61, no. 1 (January 1989): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00176a013.

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14

Kataoka, Hiroyuki, Kayo Higashiyama, Tsuneki Okazaki, and Masami Makita. "Determination of isethionic acid by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 528 (January 1990): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82372-5.

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15

OHRUI, Satoshi, Hiroyuki KATAOKA, Yoshiaki MIYAMOTO, Kimiyo OHTSUKA (nee TAKEDA), and Masami MAKITA. "Determination of primary amines by benzenesulfonylation/GC with flame photometric detection." Bunseki kagaku 40, no. 3 (1991): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.40.3_119.

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16

Sun, Xun-Yun, Brian Millier, and Walter A. Aue. "Flame photometric detection of some transition metals. I. Calibrations and spectra." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 1129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-149.

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After gas-chromatographic separation as volatile organometallics, some transition elements were found to respond with analytically relevant sensitivities in the flame photometric detector. Their minimum detectable amounts, in mole of metal per second at an S/Np-t-p ratio of 2, were 1 × 10−14 for nickel and 6 × 10−13 for rhenium, as well as a less sensitive 2 × 10−12 for molybdenum and 3 × 10−12 for cobalt. (When divided by 3.7, these values yield the S/σ = 3 limit of detection as recommended by IUPAC.) Calibration curves were established for these elements in comparison with transition metals already known to respond in the flame photometric detector. Their chemiluminescent spectra, together with that of chromium, were measured in the detector at analytically (as opposed to spectroscopically) optimized conditions. Atomic lines, molecular bands, and continua were all present. Also, the spectra produced by several types of carbon compounds were recorded for a definition of potential spectral interferences from hydrocarbonaceous sample matrices. The atomic lines and the massive continua displayed by certain metals are discussed in some detail. Atomic lines appear up to a limiting energy level of 3.6 eV above ground state. It is suggested that continua could arise from small, perhaps catalytically active particles. Also discussed, in accordance with a reviewer's request, are the analytical performance of the FPD compared to ICP and MIP sources, and the definition and influence of noise on measured performance criteria.

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17

Aue, Walter A., Brian Millier, and Xun-Yun Sun. "Flame photometric detection of some transition metals. II. Enhancement of selectivity." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 1143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-150.

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A flame photometric detector was used in single-channel and in differential dual-channel modes to characterize and control its selectivity for various transition elements against a hydrocarbon background. The experiments included gas-chromatographable compounds of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Re, and Os. Single-channel dispersive modes brought only modest gains in selectivity vis-a-vis the non-dispersive (no optical filter) mode. In dual-channel differential modes, however, metal–carbon selectivities could be improved by factors of one to two orders of magnitude. The highest still measurable selectivity ratios are now in excess of 107. The differential dual-channel operation of the detector also made it possible to increase the selectivity of one hetero-element vis-a-vis another; and to distinguish between two hetero-elements, by oppositely directed peaks, in a (spectrally suppressed) matrix of carbon compounds. Metal–metal selectivities could be improved by factors of one to three orders of magnitude over the best dispersive single-channel modes.

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18

Leermakers, M., J. Nuyttens, and W. Baeyens. "Organotin analysis by gas chromatography?pulsed flame-photometric detection (GC?PFPD)." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 381, no. 6 (February 15, 2005): 1272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-3050-y.

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19

Berijani, Sana, Yaghoub Assadi, Mansoor Anbia, Mohammad-Reza Milani Hosseini, and Elham Aghaee. "Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection." Journal of Chromatography A 1123, no. 1 (August 2006): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.010.

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20

Fox, P. C., and H. J. Atkinson. "Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography of the pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodesGlobodera rostochiensisandG. pallida." Parasitology 91, no. 3 (December 1985): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000062752.

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SUMMARYCurie-point pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography (PGLC) was used to detect gross chemical differences between the 8 European pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodesGlobodera rostochiensisandG. pallida. No qualitative differences were seen with either flame ionization or flame photometric detection systems, although quantitative differences between pathotypes were detected. Cluster analysis of these differences failed to group the pathotypes into species, but separation of some economically important pathotypes was achieved. The potential of PGLC for nematode identification is discussed.

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21

KAWARAI, Masako, Toshihiro SHIRASAKI, and Kazuko MIZUISHI. "Analysis of organotin compounds in seawater using GC/pulsed flame photometric detection." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 51, no. 10 (2002): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.51.959.

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22

Pekay, Lars A., and Susan V. Olesik. "Supercritical fluid chromatography/flame photometric detection: determination of high molecular weight compounds." Analytical Chemistry 61, no. 23 (December 1989): 2616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00198a007.

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23

Jing, Hongwu, and Aviv Amirav. "Pulsed flame photometric detector – a step forward towards universal heteroatom selective detection." Journal of Chromatography A 805, no. 1-2 (May 1998): 177–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01306-x.

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24

Aue, Walter A., Brian Millier, and Xun Yun Sun. "Elemental specificity in dual-channel flame photometric detection of gas chromatographic peaks." Analytical Chemistry 63, no. 24 (December 15, 1991): 2951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00024a027.

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25

Ni, Lanxiu, Xuhui Geng, Shenghong Li, Haijing Ning, Yan Gao, and Yafeng Guan. "A flame photometric detector with a silicon photodiode assembly for sulfur detection." Talanta 207 (January 2020): 120283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120283.

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26

OKAZAKI, Tsuneki, Hiroyuki KATAOKA, Ayumi FUJIMOTO, Kyoko Kono, and Masami MAKITA. "Determination of taurine in biological sample by GC with flame photometric detection." Bunseki kagaku 38, no. 8 (1989): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.38.8_401.

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27

Kataoka, Hiroyuki, Hirofumi Tanaka, Ayumi Fujimoto, Ikuko Noguchi, and Masami Makita. "Determination of sulphur amino acids by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection." Biomedical Chromatography 8, no. 3 (May 1994): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130080305.

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28

Kientz, Ch, A. Verweij, G. J. de Jong, and U. A. Th Brinkman. "The potential of on-line flame photometric detection in microcolumn liquid chromatography." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 12, no. 12 (December 1989): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240121206.

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29

McKelvie, Kaylan H., and Kevin B. Thurbide. "Micro-Flame Photometric Detection in Miniature Gas Chromatography on a Titanium Tile." Chromatographia 82, no. 6 (April 19, 2019): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10337-019-03723-y.

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30

Jabalpurwala, Fatima, Ozan Gurbuz, and Russell Rouseff. "Analysis of grapefruit sulphur volatiles using SPME and pulsed flame photometric detection." Food Chemistry 120, no. 1 (May 2010): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.079.

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31

Kataoka, Hiroyuki, Yoko Imamura, Hirofumi Tanaka, and Masami Makita. "Determination of cysteamine and cystamine by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 11, no. 10 (October 1993): 963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(93)80056-7.

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32

Kilany, A. Y., Mohamed A. Elsayed, M. K. Abd El Megid, and M. S. Fayed. "Study of the Effect of Air to Fuel Ratio Parameter on the Organophosphorus – Pesticide Analysis by GC-FPD." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 36 (July 2014): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.36.236.

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In the present contribution, sensitive and precise method for the quantification of Organophosphorus / Pesticides (Malathion and Dimethoate) in nanograms range has been developed. The performance of flame photometric detector (FPD), a selective detector (P&S-mode) that can be used in the analysis of organophosphorus compound, is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility. The performance of flame photometric detector was strongly depending on the absolute and relative flow rate of air and hydrogen gases. The optimum air-to-fuel ratio for detection of Malathion and Dimethoate was 0.4 and 0.3 (FPD-P mode). At this ratio, low picogram amounts of phosphor can be detected accurately (0.18 pgP) with a wide linear dynamic range of 0.18 pgP to 298 ngP. While, the optimum air-to-fuel ratio, for detection of Malathion and Dimethoate was 0.6 (FPD-S mode). In addition to, the method is precise with 4.5 % relative standard deviation (RSD). In conclusion, it could be proposed that this procedure can be recommended as a suitable method for the quantification of Malathion and Dimethoate in cases of acute poisoning.

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33

Amirav, Aviv, and Hongwu Jing. "Simultaneous pulsed flame photometric and mass spectrometric detection for enhanced pesticide analysis capabilities." Journal of Chromatography A 814, no. 1-2 (July 1998): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00415-4.

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34

Huber, Ludwig, and Hans Obbens. "On-line analysis of sulphur compounds in natural gas with flame photometric detection." Journal of Chromatography A 349, no. 2 (December 1985): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83806-1.

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35

Kataoka, Hiroyuki, Norihisa Sakiyama, Mitsuyo Maeda, and Masami Makita. "Determination of phosphoethanolamine in animal tissues by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 494 (January 1989): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82677-8.

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36

Fukui, Shozo, Mayumi Morishima, Shunjiro Ogawa, and Yukiko Hanazaki. "Determination of dimethyl sulphate in air by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection." Journal of Chromatography A 541 (January 1991): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)96018-2.

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37

Lu, Te-Chang, and Chen-Wen Whang. "Determination of Butyltins in Sea Water by Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 42, no. 3 (June 1995): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.199500066.

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38

Kataoka, Hiroyuki, Kiyomi Takagi, and Masami Makita. "Determination of glutathione and related aminothiols by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection." Biomedical Chromatography 9, no. 2 (March 1995): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090206.

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39

Kientz, Charles E., Edwin W. J. Hooijschuur, and Udo A. Th Brinkman. "Capillary electrophoresis coupled on-line with flame photometric detection: Determination of alkylphosphonic acids." Journal of Microcolumn Separations 9, no. 4 (1997): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-667x(1997)9:4<253::aid-mcs2>3.0.co;2-0.

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40

Li, Li, Fengmao Liu, Chuanfan Qian, Shuren Jiang, Zhiqiang Zhou, and Canping Pan. "Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Lycium barbarum by Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.1.271.

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Abstract An analytical method was developed to determine 14 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Lycium barbarum, which is both a botanical medicine and a food. A 5 g sample is mixed with 10 mL ethyl acetate and, after shaking and centrifuging, 5 mL of the upper layer is removed, concentrated, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame photometric detection. The essential feature of this method is that, for the purpose of reducing the burden of the GC system, 0.01 g activated carbon is used to absorb pigments during the cleanup procedure. Average recoveries of 14 organophosphorus pesticides added at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg were 66.84-102.42, 71.07-97.93, and 62.50-96.24%, respectively. Limits of detection ranged from 5 to 15 μg/kg. The identities of the 14 pesticides were confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry detection in the selected-ion monitoring mode. This method is sensitive, simple, rapid, inexpensive, and safe.

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41

Yun-Feng, Zhao, Zhao Kong-Xiang, and Wu Yong-Ning. "Determination of Organotins in Aquatic Food by Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.3.653.

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Abstract A method based on gas chromatography (GC)-pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD) was developed to determine the levels of organotins in aquatic food. After being purified by gel-permeation chromatography in ethyl actatetetrahydrofuran, the organotin compounds were derivatized by pentylmagnesium bromide. The derivative products were injected into the GC system and detected by PFPD (sulfur mode). The method was validated by analysis of the certified reference material and spiked samples. Recoveries of organotins ranged from 84.1 to 116.6 with relative standard deviation between 1.3 and 16.0 when spiked at levels of 2, 10, and 40 g/kg. The limits of detection varied from 0.1 to 1.2 g/kg for shellfish and 0.1 to 0.5 g/kg for fish. The proposed method was suitable for determining organotins in aquatic foods.

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42

Junsomboon, Jaroon, and Jaroon Jakmunee. "Determination of Potassium, Sodium, and Total Alkalies in Portland Cement, Fly Ash, Admixtures, and Water of Concrete by a Simple Flow Injection Flame Photometric System." Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/742656.

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A simple flow injection with flame photometric detection has been developed for determination of sodium, potassium, and total alkalies in portland cement, fly ash, admixtures, and water of concrete. A liquid sample or a digest of solid sample was injected into a water carrier stream which flowed to a flame photometer. A change in emission intensity at a selected wavelength was recorded as a peak. An amplifier circuit was fabricated, which helped improve sensitivity of the flame photometer. Calibration graphs in the range of 0.05–1.0 mg L−1and 1.0–20.0 mg L−1were obtained with a detection limit of 0.02 mg L−1, for both potassium and sodium determination. Relative standard deviations for 11 replicates of injecting of 10 mg L−1potassium and sodium solutions were 1.69 and 1.79%, respectively. Sample throughput of 120 h−1was achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied to portland cement, fly ash, admixtures, and water samples validated by the ASTM standard method and certified reference materials of portland cement.

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43

Wakayama, Nobuko I., Hisakazu Nozoye, and Ichiro Ogasawara. "Application of a modulated magnetic field to a flame photometric detection burner in the detection of phosphorus." Analytical Chemistry 59, no. 4 (February 15, 1987): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00131a031.

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44

Sharron, Daniel, Kamal Swami, and Robert L. Jansing. "Rapid Ultratrace Analysis of Tributyltin in Aqueous Matrixes by Purge-and-Trap Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 5 (September 1, 1995): 1317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.5.1317.

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Abstract A simplified purge-and-trap technique for detecting subnanogram amounts of the biocide tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) in aqueous environmental samples is described. Butyltin chlorides present in the sample were derivatized to volatile butyltin hydrides with NaBH4 and simultaneously purged by drawing ambient air through the purge vessel. Butyltin hydrides were trapped on a Porapak-N cartridge, eluted with dichloromethane, and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Recoveries of the butyltin species ranged from 46 to 101%. Method detection limits for MBT, DBT, and TBT were 1.28, 0.39, and 0.24 ng/L, respectively. The major advantages of this technique are sensitivity, reduced analysis time, and a significant reduction in the amount of dichloromethane used. Results from the analysis of various surface water samples collected in New York are presented.

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45

Swami, Kamal, and Rajinder S. Narang. "Collection and Analysis of Butyltin Compounds in Air at Nanogram-Per-Cubic-Meter Levels." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.1.170.

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Abstract An analytical method for determining butyltin chlo rides in air at low nanogram-per-cubic-meter levels was developed. Butyltin chlorides investigated were mono-n-butyltin trichloride (MBTC),di-n-butyltin dichloride (DBTC), and tri-n-butyltin chlo ride (TBTC). These tin chlorides were trapped on cartridges packed with Porapak-N, eluted with methylene chloride containing 0.3% HCI, hy dridized with sodium borohydride, and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. On the basis of a 20 m3 sample, a detection limit of 0.05 ng/m3 can be achieved.

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46

Leck, Caroline, and Lars Erik Baagander. "Determination of reduced sulfur compounds in aqueous solutions using gas chromatography-flame photometric detection." Analytical Chemistry 60, no. 17 (September 1988): 1680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00168a011.

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47

Aue, Walter A., Brian Millier, and Xun Yun Sun. "Determination of (methylcyclopentadienyl)manganese tricarbonyl in gasolines by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection." Analytical Chemistry 62, no. 22 (November 15, 1990): 2453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00221a008.

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48

Fan, Xuetong, Christopher H. Sommers, Donald W. Thayer, and Steven J. Lehotay. "Volatile Sulfur Compounds in Irradiated Precooked Turkey Breast Analyzed with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, no. 15 (July 2002): 4257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020158y.

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49

Mino, Yoshiki, Fumio Amano, Tamotsu Yoshioka, and Yoshiko Konishi. "Determination of Organotins in Human Breast Milk by Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection." JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE 54, no. 2 (2008): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs.54.224.

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50

Bancon-Montigny, Ch, G. Lespes, and M. Potin-Gautier. "Improved routine speciation of organotin compounds in environmental samples by pulsed flame photometric detection." Journal of Chromatography A 896, no. 1-2 (October 2000): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00595-1.

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