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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flame retardant additives

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Academic literature on the topic 'Flame retardant additives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Flame retardant additives"

1

Seidi, Farzad, Elnaz Movahedifar, Ghasem Naderi, Vahideh Akbari, Franck Ducos, Ramin Shamsi, Henri Vahabi, and Mohammad Reza Saeb. "Flame Retardant Polypropylenes: A Review." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081701.

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Polypropylene (PP) is a commodity plastic known for high rigidity and crystallinity, which is suitable for a wide range of applications. However, high flammability of PP has always been noticed by users as a constraint; therefore, a variety of additives has been examined to make PP flame-retardant. In this work, research papers on the flame retardancy of PP have been comprehensively reviewed, classified in terms of flame retardancy, and evaluated based on the universal dimensionless criterion of Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). The classification of additives of well-known families, i.e., phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, mineral, carbon-based, bio-based, and hybrid flame retardants composed of two or more additives, was reflected in FRI mirror calculated from cone calorimetry data, whatever heat flux and sample thickness in a given series of samples. PP composites were categorized in terms of flame retardancy performance as Poor, Good, or Excellent cases. It also attempted to correlate other criteria like UL-94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) with FRI values, giving a broad view of flame retardancy performance of PP composites. The collected data and the conclusions presented in this survey should help researchers working in the field to select the best additives among possibilities for making the PP sufficiently flame-retardant for advanced applications.

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Abd El-Wahab, H. "Synthesis and characterisation of the flame retardant properties and corrosion resistance of Schiff’s base compounds incorporated into organic coating." Pigment and Resin Technology 44, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-05-2014-0042.

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Purpose – This paper aims to report on the synthesis and characterisation of new flame retardants and anticorrosive additives based on Schiff’s base compounds, which were added physically to organic coating. Design/methodology/approach – Flame retardants are incorporated into polymeric materials either as additives or as reactive materials. Additive-type flame retardants are widely used by incorporating into polymeric materials by physical means. In this research, Schiff’s base (azomethine) compounds are added physically to alkyd paint as flame-retardant additives. Elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterise the structure of the prepared Schiff’s base compounds. Thermal gravimetric analysis was used to evaluate their thermal stability. Experimental coatings were manufactured on a laboratory scale, and then applied by brush on wood and steel panels. Findings – Results of an oxygen index value indicated that alkyd paints containing Schiff’s base compounds as additives exhibit very good flame-retardant effects. Also the physical, mechanical and corrosion resistance properties were studied to evaluate the drawbacks of the additives. The additives did not affect the flexibility of the paint formula. The gloss and the impact strength were decreased by the additives, but the hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance were significantly improved by these additives. Research limitations/implications – Alkyd resins are the most extensively used synthetic polymers in the coating industry. Nitrogen compounds are a small but rapidly growing group of flame retardants which are in the focus of public interest concerning environment-friendly flame retardants. So, the focus of this study is on Schiff’s base compounds as flame retardants and anticorrosive additives for alkyd resins to assess their applicability. Practical implications – Schiff’s base compounds can be used as new additives in paint formulations to improve the flame-retardant and corrosion properties. Originality/value – In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the nitrogen-based family of materials because they not only have a wide range of thermal and chemical stabilities, but can also provide improved thermal and flame-retardant properties to polymers. The present paper reports on the synthesis and characterisation of Schiff’s base compounds and their performance in alkyd resin coatings.

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Varfoloveev, S. D., S. M. Lomakin, P. A. Sakharov, and A. V. Khvatov. "Effective chemical methods of fire control: new threats and new solutions." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873895442-448.

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This paper discusses the prospective flame retardant systems for polymeric materials, while considering the environmental issues they create. Polymer nanocomposites with carbon nano-additives and layered silicates are presented as a new type of flame retardant system which exhibits a synergistic effect flame retardancy for traditional polymer thermoplasts. Particular attention is paid to the novel intumescent flame retardants based on the oxidized renewable raw materials, which can be successfully used in the manufacture of multi-purpose timber construction and polymer materials.

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Gebke, Stefan, Katrin Thümmler, Rodolphe Sonnier, Sören Tech, André Wagenführ, and Steffen Fischer. "Flame Retardancy of Wood Fiber Materials Using Phosphorus-Modified Wheat Starch." Molecules 25, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020335.

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Biopolymer-based flame retardants (FR) are a promising approach to ensure adequate protection against fire while minimizing health and environmental risks. Only a few, however, are suitable for industrial purposes because of their poor flame retardancy, complex synthesis pathway, expensive cleaning procedures, and inappropriate application properties. In the present work, wheat starch was modified using a common phosphate/urea reaction system and tested as flame retardant additive for wood fibers. The results indicate that starch derivatives from phosphate/urea systems can reach fire protection efficiencies similar to those of commercial flame retardants currently used in the wood fiber industry. The functionalization leads to the incorporation of fire protective phosphates (up to 38 wt.%) and nitrogen groups (up to 8.3 wt.%). The lowest levels of burning in fire tests were measured with soluble additives at a phosphate content of 3.5 wt.%. Smoldering effects could be significantly reduced compared to unmodified wood fibers. The industrial processing of a starch-based flame retardant on wood insulating materials exhibits the fundamental applicability of flame retardants. These results demonstrate that starch modified from phosphate/urea-systems is a serious alternative to traditional flame retardants.

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5

Geng, Zhi, Shuaishuai Yang, Lianwang Zhang, Zhenzhen Huang, Qichao Pan, Jidi Li, Jianan Weng, et al. "Self-Extinguishing Resin Transfer Molding Composites Using Non-Fire-Retardant Epoxy Resin." Materials 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122554.

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Introducing fire-retardant additives or building blocks into resins is a widely adopted method used for improving the fire retardancy of epoxy composites. However, the increase in viscosity and the presence of insoluble additives accompanied by resin modification remain challenges for resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. We developed a robust approach for fabricating self-extinguishing RTM composites using unmodified and flammable resins. To avoid the effects on resin fluidity and processing, we loaded the flame retardant into tackifiers instead of resins. We found that the halogen-free flame retardant, a microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) additive, was enriched on fabric surfaces, which endowed the composites with excellent fire retardancy. The composites showed a 79.2% increase in the limiting oxygen index, a 29.2% reduction in heat release during combustion, and could self-extinguish within two seconds after ignition. Almost no effect on the mechanical properties was observed. This approach is simple, inexpensive, and basically applicable to all resins for fabricating RTM composites. This approach adapts insoluble flame retardants to RTM processing. We envision that this approach could be extended to load other functions (radar absorbing, conductivity, etc.) into RTM composites, broadening the application of RTM processing in the field of advanced functional materials.

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Wei, Ming, Daniel Murphy, Carol Barry, and Joey Mead. "HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANTS FOR WIRE AND CABLE APPLICATIONS." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 83, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 282–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3525686.

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Abstract Flame retardants play a very important role in avoiding fire risks in wire and cable applications due to heat generation by current or outside sources. Halogen flame retardants are typically used to ensure good flammability. The halogen flame retardants, however, are under close scrutiny because of their potential to give off corrosive compounds when the materials are burned, as well as other safety, environmental, and health issues. For wire and cable industries, halogen-free flame retardant additives, such as nanoclays, nanotubes, aluminium trihydrate, or magnesium hydroxide are potential alternatives. Types of halogen-free flame retardant additives used in wire and cable constructions are reviewed and discussed.

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Movahedifar, Vahabi, Saeb, and Thomas. "Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites on the Road of Innovation: An Analysis with Flame Retardancy Index for Future Development." Molecules 24, no. 21 (November 1, 2019): 3964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213964.

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Nowadays, epoxy composites are elements of engineering materials and systems. Although they are known as versatile materials, epoxy resins suffer from high flammability. In this sense, flame retardancy analysis has been recognized as an undeniable requirement for developing future generations of epoxy-based systems. A considerable proportion of the literature on epoxy composites has been devoted to the use of phosphorus-based additives. Nevertheless, innovative flame retardants have coincidentally been under investigation to meet market requirements. This review paper attempts to give an overview of the research on flame retardant epoxy composites by classification of literature in terms of phosphorus (P), non-phosphorus (NP), and combinations of P/NP additives. A comprehensive set of data on cone calorimetry measurements applied on P-, NP-, and P/NP-incorporated epoxy systems was collected and treated. The performance of epoxy composites was qualitatively discussed as Poor, Good, and Excellent cases identified and distinguished by the use of the universal Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). Moreover, evaluations were rechecked by considering the UL-94 test data in four groups as V0, V1, V2, and nonrated (NR). The dimensionless FRI allowed for comparison between flame retardancy performances of epoxy composites. The results of this survey can pave the way for future innovations in developing flame-retardant additives for epoxy.

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Vahabi, Henri, Hadi Rastin, Elnaz Movahedifar, Karina Antoun, Nicolas Brosse, and Mohammad Reza Saeb. "Flame Retardancy of Bio-Based Polyurethanes: Opportunities and Challenges." Polymers 12, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061234.

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Sustainable polymers are emerging fast and have received much more attention in recent years compared to petro-sourced polymers. However, they inherently have low-quality properties, such as poor mechanical properties, and inadequate performance, such as high flammability. In general, two methods have been considered to tackle such drawbacks: (i) reinforcement of sustainable polymers with additives; and (ii) modification of chemical structure by architectural manipulation so as to modify polymers for advanced applications. Development and management of bio-based polyurethanes with flame-retardant properties have been at the core of attention in recent years. Bio-based polyurethanes are currently prepared from renewable, bio-based sources such as vegetable oils. They are used in a wide range of applications including coatings and foams. However, they are highly flammable, and their further development is dependent on their flame retardancy. The aim of the present review is to investigate recent advances in the development of flame-retardant bio-based polyurethanes. Chemical structures of bio-based flame-retardant polyurethanes have been studied and explained from the point of view of flame retardancy. Moreover, various strategies for improving the flame retardancy of bio-based polyurethanes as well as reactive and additive flame-retardant solutions are discussed.

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Almirón, Jonathan, Francine Roudet, and Sophie Duquesne. "Influence of volcanic ash, rice husk ash, and solid residue of catalytic pyrolysis on the flame-retardant properties of polypropylene composites." Journal of Fire Sciences 37, no. 4-6 (July 2019): 434–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904119867912.

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This research determines whether the materials of volcanic ash (CV), rice husk ash (CR), and thermally treated solid waste (RS-T), coming from the pyrolysis of plastics, have some flame-retardant effect when added to polypropylene flame-retardant additives (such as ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol). These materials were characterized by specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption analysis (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) and X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction methods. It was determined that SiO2 and Al2O3 are considered as flame-retardant minerals. Composites composed of polypropylene, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and these materials at several concentrations, from 1% to 9%, were prepared. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the composites synthesized were investigated based on the limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimetry. It was determined that these materials have a synergistic action with flame-retardant additives by increasing the fireproof properties of polypropylene. Mechanical properties were determined by tensile tests.

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Tuan Anh, Nguyen, Nguyen Quang Tung, Bach Trong Phuc, and Nguyen Xuan Canh. "The Use of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoclay for Simultaneously Improving the Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.25376.

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In this study, the flame retardants epoxy nanocomposites were prepared by combining mechanical stir and sonication of epoxy Epikote 240 (EE240) resin, chlorinated paraffin, atimony oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and montmotillonite clay. Resultants of CNTs, montmorillonite and flame retardant additives were investigated limiting oxygen (LOI) and UL-94, combustion rate. The SEM, FE-SEM, TEM were measured to analyze the dispersion of MWCNTs and montmorillonite clay in epoxy matrix. The mechanical properties including tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength and impact strength Izod were studied. The results of testing burning and mechanical properties indicated that CNTs were more efficient than clay in improving the flame retardancy of materials. The dispersion method combining of mechanical stir and sonication is the good choice to distribute additive agents into epoxy matrix.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flame retardant additives"

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Demir, Hasan Ülkü Semra. "Synergistic effect of natural zeolites on flame retardant additives/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000514.rar.

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2

Mulcahy, Ciara(Ciara Renee). "Analysis of patent data for flame-retardant plastics additives." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131011.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-35).
Plastics are commercially produced by selecting a polymer resin and incorporating chemical additives to affect specific mechanical, chemical or aesthetic properties of the plastic products. The number of possible combinations of polymers and additives yields an enormous engineering space to meet the design requirements of the many applications of plastic materials. However, the broad scope of plastics science hinders both the invention of new plastics formulations and efforts to investigate potentially harmful polymer resins and plastic additives. In this thesis, a method of representing and analyzing the claims section of patents is presented and applied to a set of patents that refer to flame retardants. The claims section of a patent is presented as a graph, with individual claims as points and references between claims as lines connecting those points.
The chemical terms mentioned in the text of each of the claims were split into individual words or short sequences of words, called "tokens", by an existing materials tokenizer that had been trained on scientific journal articles. The term frequency - inverse document frequency (tf-idf) statistic for each token within each claim was computed, using the entire claims section of the individual patent to calculate the document frequency. Each claim was attributed the tokens that had tf-idf scores greater than the highest-scoring term shared with a claim to which that claim referred. By researcher inspection, this method served to extract relevant chemical terms, while omitting words that did not contribute to the chemical relevance of the claim or patent as a whole. A visualization of these labelled graphs of the claims was generated.
This reduced, graphical representation of materials patents could be implemented to aid in researcher review or computational tasks to survey for chemical components or resin-additive compatibilities. Such a representation of patent data could make the prioritization and review of commercial chemicals a more tractable task.
by Ciara Mulcahy.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering

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3

Towslee, Jenna Harris. "DNA as a Natural Flame Retardant Additive for Commercial Polymers." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1491164895897969.

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4

Sauca, Silvana. "Synthesis, characterization and application of polymeric flame retardant additives obtained by chemical modification." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/80716.

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A key part of the development of new polymeric materials focuses on the use of flame-retardant additives, which help to reduce the inherent flammability of polymers and the production of smoke and toxic gases. The aim of this thesis was the preparation, characterization and application of new polymeric flame-retardant additives, which can lead to intumescent systems when mixed with ¨commodity¨ polymers. The synthesis of this kind of additives was carried out by chemical modification of different polymeric structures (alcohols, polyketones, polyaziridines) with phosphorous moieties, previously described as promoting flame retardance structures, and/or nitrogen containing moieties. The efficacy of some of these additives was tested by blending with polypropylene, one of the most commonly used thermoplastic. Flame retardancy behaviour of the blends, as well their compatibility and mechanical properties were studied, in order to observe how the flame retardant additives may affect the substrate properties.
Una parte fundamental del desarrollo de nuevos materiales poliméricos se centra en la utilización de agentes retardantes a la llama, los cuales contribuyen a reducir la inherente combustibilidad de los polímeros y la producción de humos y de gases tóxicos. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido la preparación, characterización y aplicación de nuevos aditivos retardantes a la llama de tipo polimérico que pueden dar lugar al mezclarse con polímeros termoplásticos de gran consumo a sistemas de tipo intumescente. La síntesis de estos additivos se ha llevado a cabo por modificación química de diferentes estructuras polimericas (alcoholes, policetonas, poliaziridinas) con compuestos fosforados, descritos previamente como promotores de retardancia a la llama y/o compuestos con nitrogeno. La eficacidad de algunos de estos additivos ha sido estudiada por mezclarse con polipropileno, uno de los más utilizados termoplasticos.

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Kilinc, Mert. "Production And Characterization Of Boron-based Additives And The Effect Of Flame Retardant Additives On Pet-based Composites." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610635/index.pdf.

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For the aim of production of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET based flame retardant composites
boron based flame retardant additives, 3.5 mole hydrated zinc borate and boron phosphate were synthesized. Zinc borate was synthesized with the reaction of boric acid and zinc oxide in both laboratory and pilot scale reactors. Effects of reaction parameters on kinetics of reaction and final product particle size were evaluated. Boron phosphate was synthesized via dry, wet and microwave methods. In addition to the synthesized flame retardant additives, several non-halogenated flame retardant additives, which were commercially available, were also used. Composites were prepared using twin screw extruder and molded by injection molding, followed by characterization in terms of flame retardancy behavior, mechanical and thermal properties, and morphologies. Based on the results of first stage experiments, aiming to determine effective additives, different amounts and combinations of triphenyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphine oxide, zinc borate and microwave produced boron phosphate were chosen and used in PET matrix. Flame retardancy of the composites were determined by conducting horizontal burning rate and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests. Smoke emissions during fire were also measured. According to the LOI test results, LOI of neat PET was determined as 21%, and with the addition of 5% boron phosphate and 5% triphenyl phosphate together, LOI was increased up to 36%. The smoke density analysis results implied that, boron phosphate was a successful smoke suppressant for PET matrix. In addition to flammability properties, tensile and impact properties of the composites were also improved with flame retardant additives and expecially with the addition of triphenyl phosphate.

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Seddon, Richard. "Influence of flame retardant additives on the processing characteristics and physical properties of ABS." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14228.

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Antimony trioxide (Sb203) and halogenated additives are used together in flameretarded formulations due to their synergistic retardant properties. A study has been made to determine the effects of adding different grades of Sb203 (dSD particle sizes 0.11 um, 0.52um and 1.31 um) into ABS polymer either alone or with commercial brominated materials (BTBPE, TBBA, DBDPO) and an experimental bromine grade (sDBDPO). The Sb20 3 was added at 4wt% loadings and the bromines at 20wt% loadings. The results consider the influence of the additives on processing, mechanical, morphological and flame retardant properties. All compounds were produced using a twin-screw co-rotating extruder and then an injection moulder was used to mould notched impact (falling weight testing), flexural, LOI and UL-94 flame test bars. Samples of all the compounded formulations were titrated to determine Sb20 3 and Br contents. Fracture surface, morphology, size and dispersion analysis was carried out using both SEM and TEM equipment. Osmium tetroxide (OS04) staining was used to determine relative locations of filler particles and polybutadiene phase. Additions of the different antimony trioxide grades showed that the 0.52um and 1.31 um grades lowered impact energy absorption (-25 to -30%) when added at 4wt% loading. The use of a sub-micron size grade (0.1 um) did not significantly lower impact properties (-3%) and had similarly small effects on the flexural modulus and flexural strength. Additions of the brominated materials had much greater effects causing large reductions in impact properties (-20 to :70%). The presence of the bromines generally increased flexural modulus and lowered flexural strength with the exception of TB BA, which increased both modulus and strength. Compounds containing both 1.31 um Sb203 and bromines suffered a further reduction in impact energies, with the bromine properties dominating. Using the 0.1 um Sb20 3 grade again improved impact and flexural properties compared to the 1.31 um grade. The 0.1 um grade resulted in improvements in fire resistance as measured by the UL-94 properties when used with all bromine grades.

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7

Satpathi, Hirak. "Novel phosphorus containing poly(arylene ethers) as flame retardant additives and as reactant in organic synthesis." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-176136.

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Due to their outstanding properties, poly(arylene ethers) are useful as toughness modifiers in epoxy resins (EP). Furthermore, these polymers show rather low intrinsic fire risks. According to recent research it has been incorporated that poly(arylene ether phosphine oxides) [PAEPO’s] can further improve the fire behavior. Increasing phosphorous content of the PAEPO can influence the fire behavior too. Fire retardants containing phosphorus – regardless of whether an additive or reactive approach is used – show different mechanisms in the condensed and gas phase. In the present study PSU Control (BPA based polysulfone) with four different PAEPO’s and their corresponding blends with an EP were investigated. All poly(arylene ether phosphine oxides) were synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic polycondensation. The polymers obtained covered a wide range of weight average molar masses (6,000 – 150,000 g/mol) as determined by size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering detection (MALLS). FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF revealed formation of the desired polymer structure of the linear poly(arylene ethers). All polymers were easily soluble in common organic solvents, thus enabling processing from solution.The pyrolysis and the fire retardancy mechanisms of the polymers and blends with epoxy resin (EP) were tackled by means of a comprehensive thermal analysis (thermogravimetry (TG), TG-evolved gas analysis) and fire tests [PCFC, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimeter]. The Mitsunobu reaction of Dimethyl-5-hydroxyisophthalate and a long chain semifluorinated alcohol requires triphenyl phosphine as a reactant. Identical, in some case higher yield was obtained in the usual conditions, with triphenyl phosphine and with trivalent phosphorus containing polymers, which was prepared in solvent free bulk (melt) polymerization technique from trivalent phosphorus monomer and a silylated diphenol in presence of CsF. Purification and the recovery of the final product which is always a big challenge in case of Mitsunobu reaction, was far more easier using polymer compared to triphenyl phosphine. During polymerization there was a possibility to have polymer having repeating unit containing both trivalent phosphorus and phosphine oxide. The trivalent phosphorus content of the polymer can be varied using different molar concentration of CsF.

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8

Lukas, C. "Mass spectrometric investigation of the influence of flame retardant additives on the rate of monomer evolution from polystyrene composites." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374503.

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9

Wang, Zheng [Verfasser], Manfred H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner, Manfred H. [Gutachter] Wagner, and Bernhard [Gutachter] Schartel. "Flame retardant materials based on BDM/DBA resin and organic-inorganic additives / Zheng Wang ; Gutachter: Manfred H. Wagner, Bernhard Schartel ; Betreuer: Manfred H. Wagner." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156177839/34.

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Satpathi, Hirak [Verfasser], Brigitte [Akademischer Betreuer] Voit, and Monika [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauer. "Novel phosphorus containing poly(arylene ethers) as flame retardant additives and as reactant in organic synthesis / Hirak Satpathi. Gutachter: Monika Bauer ; Brigitte Voit. Betreuer: Brigitte Voit." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075704804/34.

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Books on the topic "Flame retardant additives"

1

Lukas, Christine. Mass spectrometric investigation of the influence of flame retardant additives on the rate of monomer evolution frompolystyrene composites. Salford: University of Salford, 1986.

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2

John, Murphy. The additives for plastics handbook: Antioxidants, antistatics, compatibilisers, conductive fillers, flame-retardants, pigments, plasticisers, reinforcements : classification, data, tables, descriptions, market trends, suppliers/brand names. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Advanced Technology, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flame retardant additives"

1

Otsuki*, Masashi, and Takao Ogino. "Flame-Retardant Additives for Lithium-Ion Batteries." In Lithium-Ion Batteries, 1–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34445-4_13.

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2

Üstün, Fatma, Hasan Demir, and Devrim Balköse. "Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppressant Additives for Polypropylene: Vermiculite and Zinc Phosphate." In Research Methods and Applications in Chemical and Biological Engineering, 59–82. Series statement: AAP research notes on chemical engineering: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429424137-6.

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3

Najafi-Mohajeri, N., C. Jayakody, and G. L. Nelson. "Cone Calorimetric Analysis of Modified Polyurethane Elastomers and Foams with Flame-Retardant Additives." In ACS Symposium Series, 79–89. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0797.ch007.

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4

Shen, Kelvin K., and Roderick O’Connor. "Flame retardants: borates." In Plastics Additives, 268–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_30.

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5

Camino, Giovanni. "Flame retardants: intumescent systems." In Plastics Additives, 297–306. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_33.

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6

Cusack, P. A. "Flame retardants: tin compounds." In Plastics Additives, 339–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_37.

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7

Markezich, Ronald L. "Flame retardants: synergisms involving halogens." In Plastics Additives, 327–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_36.

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8

Skinner, G. A. "Flame retardancy: the approaches available." In Plastics Additives, 260–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_29.

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Brown, S. C. "Flame retardants: inorganic oxide and hydroxide systems." In Plastics Additives, 287–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_32.

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Davis, John. "Flame retardants: halogen-free systems (including phosphorus additives)." In Plastics Additives, 277–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flame retardant additives"

1

Jia, Xiaoyang, Lihan Li, and Qingnan Meng. "Evaluation of Asphalt Binder with Flame Retardant Additives." In GeoHunan International Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/47634(413)5.

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Leitner, Raimund, Gerald McGunnigle, Martin Kraft, Martin De Biasio, Volker Rehrmann, and Dirk Balthasar. "Real-time detection of flame-retardant additives in polymers and polymer blends with NIR imaging spectroscopy." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Tuan Vo-Dinh, Robert A. Lieberman, and Günter Gauglitz. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.818540.

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Zhao, Z. F., and J. Gou. "Study of Flame Retardancy of Carbon Nanopaper Sheets in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Composites." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43185.

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In recent years, more severe requirement of budget and safety from industrial fields, especially space exploration and defense field, demand a new class of materials whose characteristics can satisfy both various engineering requirement and strict safety standard. The latter demands materials to have good thermal properties and significantly improved fire retardant property. In this research, multifunctional materials with layered structures are made from polyester resin, glass fiber mats and carbon nanofibers (CNFs). CNFs are added to the resin component of the composite laminates as additives in pulverised form and carbon nanofiber paper sheets (CNFS), respectively. Their flammability behaviors are investigated with cone calorimeter under well-controlled combustion conditions. And their heat release rate and other test parameters are compared and discussed, such as ignition time, heat release rate (HRR), peak heat release rate (PHRR), and so on. Although its PHRR is sharply increased to higher level for CNFS enforced composite laminates, its HRR curve is lowered greatly in most flaming time. Therefore, the pre-incorporated CNFS may act as an excellent insulator and mass transport barrier, improving the flame retardant property.

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Ghazinezami, A., A. Jabbarnia, and R. Asmatulu. "Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials Incorporated With Nanoscale Inclusions." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66158.

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Polymeric materials have a wide variety of applications in many manufacturing industries. However, because of the molecular structures and chemical compositions of polymeric materials, they have considerably low resistances against the fire/heat. Although these materials are highly flammable, their flame retardancy can be improved significantly by incorporating with flame retardant nanomaterials. Nanoclay and nanotalc are some of the examples of the flame retardant nanomaterials which are highly cost effective and environmentally friendly for these applications. Thus, these inclusions have a great potential to improve thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of the new materials. This study is mainly focused on the effects of nanoparticle additions in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in terms of the flame retardancy. Five sets of nanocomposite materials were prepared using the solvent casting method at different weight percentages of the nanomaterials. The flame retardancy values of the resultant nanocomposite samples were determined using the ASTM UL 94 standard tests. The test results were also supported with the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests. Surface characterization of the resultant materials was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Test results showed that the flame retardancy values of the new nanostructured materials were significantly enhanced in the presence of nanoscale inclusions, which may be useful for various industrial applications.

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Wu, Hao, Abdullah Kafi, Haewon Kim, Rishabh Shah, Stuart Bateman, and Joseph Koo. "Additive Manufacturing of Flame-retardant Polyamide 6 Nanocomposites Via Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)." In SAMPE 2019 - Charlotte, NC. SAMPE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33599/nasampe/s.19.1573.

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Lee, Pyoung-Chan, Bo-Ram Kim, Sun Kyoung Jeoung, Geesoo Lee, San Wook Han, Hyunchul Kim, Ki-Dong Lee, and Joo-Kwon Han. "Flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyurethane foam composites containing carbon additives." In PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-31: The 31st International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4942329.

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Lim, W. Y., H. E. Reeves, A. A. Somashekar, and D. Bhattacharyya. "Effects of flame retardance additives on the mechanical and fire performance of natural fibre composites." In International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.757.

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