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Journal articles on the topic 'Flame Treatments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Lazar, Simone T., Thomas J. Kolibaba, and Jaime C. Grunlan. "Flame-retardant surface treatments." Nature Reviews Materials 5, no. 4 (2020): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0164-6.

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2

Lee, Hyung Woo, Jae Hee Jung, Jong-Shin Lee, Soon Park, and Seon-Mee Yoon. "Formulation of flame-retardant waxes and evaluation of combustion characteristics of treated wood using mass loss calorimetry." BioResources 20, no. 1 (2025): 1872–82. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.1.1872-1882.

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The objective of this study was to synthesize flame-retardant wax by nano-sizing a previously developed flame-retardant with favorable performance characteristics. Additionally, this study assessed the leaching resistance of wood treated with flame-retardant wax. The findings revealed that wood treated with flame-retardant wax demonstrated no notable change in the weight loss rate before and after weathering treatments. In contrast, wood treated exclusively with flame retardants exhibited a discernible increase in the extent of weight loss. Furthermore, the leached phosphorus content was measu

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3

Karthikeyan, M. R., D. Raja, A. Abinaya Sr, Shedha Bilal, C. Pooja, and Kotagiri Gnana Sindhuja. "Mycelium-Based Flame Retardant Treatments for Textiles Using Extracts of Turkey Tail, Reishi, and Shiitake." Journal of the Textile Association 85, no. 6 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.63665/jta.v85i6.05.

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The rising demand for sustainable flame-retardant textiles has led to the exploration of bio-based alternatives. This study evaluates the flame-retardant efficacy of mycelium extracts derived from Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor), Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), and Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) on cotton (250 GSM), linen (270 GSM), and polyester (220 GSM) fabrics. Using the pad-dry-cure method, textiles were treated with a 10 g/L mycelium extract solution and tested for flame retardancy. The Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) significantly increased across all fabric types, with Turkey Tail-treated cotto

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Frasconi, Christian, Luisa Martelloni, Marco Fontanelli, Michele Raffaelli, Paolo Marzialetti, and Andrea Peruzzi. "Thermal Weed Control in Photinia x fraseri “Red Robin” Container Nurseries." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 3 (2017): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.11529.

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Abstract. A near-zero tolerance policy on weeds by markets for nursery crops calls for weed-free container-grown plants, and forces growers to frequently remove weeds. Thermal weed control could represent a novel method to control weeds in shrubs from container nurseries, thus avoiding the use of herbicides and mulches. The aims of this study were to develop custom-built machinery for thermal weed control in container nurseries and to test the weed control efficiency of flame weeding and steaming in Photinia x fraseri “Red Robin” containers. A liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fed flamer and a ste

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Hoyle, Jared A., J. Scott McElroy, and J. Jack Rose. "Weed Control Using an Enclosed Thermal Heating Apparatus." Weed Technology 26, no. 4 (2012): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00057.1.

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Weed control by heat or flaming typically uses flames to burn small weeds, directed away from desired crops. This research studied an enclosed flaming system for weed control before turfgrass establishment. Field research trials were conducted to explore the efficacy of a PL-8750 flame sanitizer at two application timings. Treatments included various application methods of PL-8750 flame sanitizer and common thermal and chemical weed control methods. Data were weed control relative to the control treatment. Species evaluated included carpetweed, Virginia buttonweed, spotted spurge, large crabgr

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6

Lee, Min, Eun-Chang Kang, and Sang-Min Lee. "Effects of different flame-retardant treatments on the sound absorption properties of low-density fiberboard." BioResources 18, no. 3 (2023): 5859–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.3.5859-5872.

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Internal finishing materials for large auditoriums or public facilities are regulated in South Korea to ensure their flame-retardant performance. Flame-retardant treatment of low-density fiberboard (LDF), an eco-friendly material, was performed to expand its use as a sound absorber by improving its fire safety. In this study, an LDF with a target density of 0.15 g/cm3 was prepared from radiata pine wood fibers and melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin, and recommended amounts of commercially available flame retardants (liquid type) were applied immediately after hot pressing. A powder-type flame re

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Findley, Douglas, Gary Keever, Arthur Chappelka, D. Joseph Eakes, and Charles Gilliam. "Sensitivity of Red Maple Cultivars to Acute and Chronic Exposures of Ozone." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 22, no. 6 (1996): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1996.040.

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Five red maple (Acer rubrum) cultivars, 'Autumn Flame', 'Fairview Flame', 'Franksred' (Red Sunset™), 'Northfire' and 'October Glory', and 1 Freeman maple cultivar (Acer°° freemanii 'Autumn Blaze', an interspecific cross between red maple and silver maple) were exposed to 0,100, 200, or 300 ppb ozone for 4 hours on 2 consecutive days. Visible foliar injury, characterized as a stipple on the upper leaf surface, was observed in all ozone treatments except the control, and occurred on the oldest leaves only. 'Autumn Flame' had the least visible injury (less than 1% of the leaves injured), while 'N

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8

Kim, Deokrae, Youngshin Kim, and Euysik Jeon. "Experimental Investigation of the Peel Strength of Artificial Leather and Polypropylene Specimens." Polymers 15, no. 21 (2023): 4217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15214217.

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This study investigates the surface properties and adhesive strength of polypropylene (PP) in order to enhance the bond between PP injection-molded specimens and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) synthetic artificial leather. Plasma, primer, and flame treatments were applied to the surface of each specimen prepared using the two types of injection molds. The surface morphology, surface roughness, and contact angle were analyzed, and peel-strength analyses and a morphological inspections of the peeled specimens were performed. The peeling strength of the PP injection molding was measured, followed by a

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9

Samyn, Vandewalle, Bellayer, and Duquesne. "Sol–Gel Treatments to Flame Retard PA11/Flax Composites." Fibers 7, no. 10 (2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7100086.

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This work investigates the efficiency of sol–gel treatments to flame retard flax fabric/PA11 composites. Different sol–gel treatments applied to the flax fabrics were prepared using TEOS in combination with phosphorus and/or nitrogen containing co-precursors (DEPTES, APTES) or additives (OP1230, OP1311). When the nitrogen and the phosphorus co-precursors were used, two coating methods were studied: a ‘one-pot’ route and a successive layer deposition method. For the “one-pot” method, the three precursors (TEOS, DEPTES, and APTES) were mixed together in the same solutions whereas for the differe

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Chang, SeChin, Brian Condon, and Jade Smith. "Microwave Assisted Preparation of Self-Extinguishing Cotton Fabrics by Small Molecules Containing Phosphorous and Nitrogen." Current Microwave Chemistry 6, no. 1 (2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213335606666190301160053.

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Background: New methods for preparing surface modification of flame retardant cotton fabrics were employed by applying a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of co-solvent. Efforts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with economic and environmentally friendly flame retardant compounds based on the small molecules piperazine, PN and PNN, were done successfully. Methods and Results: The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or surface modification of cotton fabrics was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated b

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YASIN, SOHAIL, MASSIMO CURTI, NEMESHWAREE BEHARY, et al. "PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY FLAME RETARDANT FINISH FOR COTTON FABRIC: A RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY APPROACH." Surface Review and Letters 24, no. 08 (2017): 1750114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x17501141.

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The [Formula: see text]-methylol dimethyl phosphono propionamide (MDPA) flame retardant compounds are predominantly used for cotton fabric treatments with trimethylol melamine (TMM) to obtain better crosslinking and enhanced flame retardant properties. Nevertheless, such treatments are associated with a toxic issue of cancer-causing formaldehyde release. An eco-friendly finishing was used to get formaldehyde-free fixation of flame retardant to the cotton fabric. Citric acid as a crosslinking agent along with the sodium hypophosphite as a catalyst in the treatment was utilized. The process para

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Yasin, Sohail, Massimo Curti, Giorgio Rovero, Munir Hussain, and Danmei Sun. "Spouted-Bed Gasification of Flame Retardant Textiles as a Potential Non-Conventional Biomass." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030946.

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Renewable energy from thermal valorization plays a key part in today’s energy from natural cellulosic textiles that are resourceful biomass and safe from toxicity at high temperature treatments. The situation is opposite, when technical textiles are treated with synthetic chemical finishes adding functionality as anti-bacterial, water repellent or flame retardant, etc. Incineration of flame retardant textile results in possible unfavorable gases, toxic fumes and contaminated ash. Other thermal valorization techniques like gasification would assist in avoiding the formation of additional toxic

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Garbassi, F., E. Occhiello, F. Polato, and A. Brown. "Surface effect of flame treatments on polypropylene." Journal of Materials Science 22, no. 4 (1987): 1450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01233147.

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Garbassi, F., E. Occhiello, and F. Polato. "Surface effect of flame treatments on polypropylene." Journal of Materials Science 22, no. 1 (1987): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01160573.

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15

Gean, V. Salmoria, M. Gindri Izabelle, and F. M. Martins Waldemar. "Comparing Oxygen Plasma, Hydrogen Peroxide and Flame Treatments of Polyamide Tubes to Hydrophilic Coating Adhesion." International Journal of Engineering Research & Science 6, no. 10 (2020): 13–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4159645.

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<strong>Abstract</strong><strong>—</strong> Hydrophilic-coated catheters reduce the endovascular friction between the device and blood and increase the biocompatibility of catheters. This study investigated three surface treatments to improve catheter surface. Oxygen plasma, hydrogen peroxide, and flame exposure coating equipment were manufactured. Polyamide 11 (PA11) catheter surfaces were treated and the influence of exposure time for each individual technique was studied. Treated samples were characterized by goniometry, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scratch

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Researcher. "REVIEW ON GREEN FLAME-RETARDANT MATERIALS FOR TEXTILE FINISHING." International Journal of Pharmacology (IJPHM) 2, no. 2 (2024): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14475032.

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Development of flame-retardant properties of textiles is becoming more important with the increasing uses of flammable polymers in household and industrial sectors. CTIF statistics reported deaths of 37,000 human beings per year due to fire incidents in 31 countries. Commercially used synthetic fire-retardant chemicals are reported as toxic, required in large quantities, and include cumbersome treatment processes. Therefore, getting an eco-friendly, cheap, widely available flame-retardant material is a big challenge and unmet need. In this connection, plant extracts have been popularly explore

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17

Sigalingging, R., and E. G. Tampubolon. "Palm oil mill effluent variation stage treatment methods to reduce organic matter in biogas production." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1413, no. 1 (2024): 012119. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1413/1/012119.

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Abstract Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a promising resource for biogas production. Despite its acidic nature (pH), which can hinder optimal biogas output, this study has shown that with the right treatments, POME can be a primary material for biogas production. This discovery offers hope for the future of waste management. This study conducted a comprehensive study with 4 treatments using cow dung as a starter and NaOH as a pH controller, with as many as four repetitions to investigate variation POME volume (5 and 3 L) on different stage methods of fermentation (single stage and double stag

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18

Sirrine, Mark. "Don't "Just Throw Some Heat at It"." AM&P Technical Articles 179, no. 4 (2021): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2021-04.p057.

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19

Dagdag, Omar, and Hansang Kim. "Advances in Flame Retardant Technologies for Epoxy Resins: Chemical Grafting onto Carbon Fiber Techniques, Reactive Agents, and Applications in Composite Materials." Molecules 29, no. 24 (2024): 5996. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245996.

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This review examines recent advancements in flame retardant technologies for epoxy and bio-epoxy resins, focusing on the chemical grafting of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) onto carbon fibers (CFs) and the use of reactive flame retardant agents in composite materials. It covers various grafting techniques and analyzes mechanisms behind property enhancements, exploring how these approaches improve thermal stability and flame resistance while addressing sustainability challenges. This review discusses the synergistic effects of bio-based materials and innovative grafting methods. It presen

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Cai, Yujie, Zewen Li, Bin Wang, Chao Xu, Xing Tian, and Fengyu Quan. "Cashmere Blended with Calcium Alginate Fibers: Eco-Friendly Improvement of Flame Retardancy and Maintenance of Hygroscopicity." Polymers 17, no. 11 (2025): 1497. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17111497.

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As a natural fiber, cashmere is favored for its softness, finesse, and warmth. However, its poor flame-retardant properties seriously affect the safety of cashmere. Current flame-retardant treatments for cashmere tend to lead to heavy metal pollution and significantly reduce wearer comfort. In this work, natural and environmentally friendly calcium alginate fibers were blended with cashmere to obtain blended fibers. The blended fibers exhibited good hygroscopicity and softness. The incorporation of calcium alginate fibers enhanced the flame retardancy of the blends, and the LOI of the blended

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Pornwannachai, Wiwat, A. Richard Horrocks, and Baljinder K. Kandola. "Surface Modification of Commingled Flax/PP and Flax/PLA Fibres by Silane or Atmospheric Argon Plasma Exposure to Improve Fibre–Matrix Adhesion in Composites." Fibers 10, no. 1 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10010002.

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Challenges faced by natural fibre-reinforced composites include poor compatibility between hydrophilic fibres such as flax and hydrophobic polymeric matrices such as polypropylene (PP) or poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and their inherent flammability. The former promotes weak interfacial adhesion between fibre and matrix, which may be further compromised by the addition of a flame retardant. This paper investigates the effect that the added flame retardant (FR), guanylurea methylphosphonate (GUP) and selected surface treatments of commingled flax and either PP or PLA fabrics have on the fibre/matrix

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Trovato, Valentina, Silvia Sfameni, Rim Ben Debabis, et al. "How to Address Flame-Retardant Technology on Cotton Fabrics by Using Functional Inorganic Sol–Gel Precursors and Nanofillers: Flammability Insights, Research Advances, and Sustainability Challenges." Inorganics 11, no. 7 (2023): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11070306.

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Over the past decade, inorganic fillers and sol–gel-based flame-retardant technologies for textile treatments have gained increasing research interest as useful alternatives to hazardous chemicals previously employed in textile coating and finishing. This review presents the current state of the art of inorganic flame-retardant technology for cotton fabrics to scientists and researchers. Combustion mechanism and flammability, as well as the thermal behavior of neat cotton samples, are first introduced. The main section is focused on assessing the effect of inorganic and sol–gel-based systems o

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Iswanto, Iswanto. "Perbandingan Induction Hardening dengan Flame Hardening pada Sifat Fisik Baja ST 60." Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika 19, no. 2 (2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/mekanika.v19i2.43203.

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<p><em>This study will discuss the comparison between induction hardening with flame hardening in ST 60 steel in terms of tensile strength and microstructure. The induction hardening machine is designed and made by itself with the maximum heat generated reaching 650 °C. While the flame hardening machine uses an acetylene welding machine. After heating the specimen to 650 °C, it is then cooled using water. Each heating process uses three specimens for tensile testing and microstructure testing. From the tensile test results obtained that, ST 60 steel with induction hardening has a g

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Ager, A. A., M. A. Finney, A. McMahan, and J. Cathcart. "Measuring the effect of fuel treatments on forest carbon using landscape risk analysis." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 12 (2010): 2515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2515-2010.

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Abstract. Wildfire simulation modelling was used to examine whether fuel reduction treatments can potentially reduce future wildfire emissions and provide carbon benefits. In contrast to previous reports, the current study modelled landscape scale effects of fuel treatments on fire spread and intensity, and used a probabilistic framework to quantify wildfire effects on carbon pools to account for stochastic wildfire occurrence. The study area was a 68 474 ha watershed located on the Fremont-Winema National Forest in southeastern Oregon, USA. Fuel reduction treatments were simulated on 10% of t

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Shrestha, Anil, Marcelo Moretti, and Nathalia Mourad. "Evaluation of Thermal Implements and Organic Herbicides for Weed Control in a Nonbearing Almond (Prunus dulcis) Orchard." Weed Technology 26, no. 1 (2012): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-11-00083.1.

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Sustainable weed management strategies are needed for organic orchard systems. A study was conducted in an almond orchard in Fresno, CA from 2009 to 2011. Treatment comparisons included steam, flame, and broad applications of either lemongrass oil or D-limonene. An untreated control was also included. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Weekly evaluations on percent weed control were taken and weed biomass was sampled 4 to 8 wk after treatment (WAT). Weed control and biomass differed between seasons but, in general, steam and flame provided as much a

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Abou Chehade, Lara, Marco Fontanelli, Luisa Martelloni, Christian Frasconi, Michele Raffaelli, and Andrea Peruzzi. "Effects of Flame Weeding on Organic Garlic Production." HortTechnology 28, no. 4 (2018): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04081-18.

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A lack of efficient machines and strategies for cropping practices are still problems on small farms and in difficult landscapes, especially in organic crop production. The aim of this study was to develop a new weed control strategy for a typical organic garlic (Allium sativum) grown in Liguria, Italy. Flaming was proposed as an additional tool for the physical weed control program. A field experiment was conducted to test the effects of different flaming doses and timing on weed control and garlic production. The treatments consisted of a broadcast flaming at 16, 22, 37, and 112 kg·ha−1 of l

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Coughlan, Neil E., Eoghan M. Cunningham, Stephen Potts, et al. "Steam and Flame Applications as Novel Methods of Population Control for Invasive Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) and Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)." Environmental Management 66, no. 4 (2020): 654–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01325-1.

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Abstract Control strategies for established populations of invasive alien species can be costly and complex endeavours, which are frequently unsuccessful. Therefore, rapid-reaction techniques that are capable of maximising efficacy whilst minimising environmental damage are urgently required. The Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea Müller, 1774), and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, 1771), are invaders capable of adversely affecting the functioning and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems. Despite efforts to implement substantial population-control measures, both species continue to

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Li, Gaihuan, Ying Yu, Shaofei Yuan, Wenfu Zhang, and Xinzhou Wang. "Flame-Retardant and Smoke-Suppression Properties of Bamboo Scrimber Coated with Hexagonal Boron Nitride." Forests 14, no. 10 (2023): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14102105.

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In order to improve the flame-retardant properties of bamboo scrimber, chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as the film-forming substances, and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was used as the flame-retardant substance to prepare h-BN flame-retardant coatings, which were coated on the surface of the bamboo scrimber. The effects of the h-BN flame-retardant coatings with different quality concentrations on the flame-retardant properties of the bamboo scrimber, as well as on the morphology of the residual carbon, were investigated using the analytical methods of FTIR, environmental s

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Corbett, Anne. "Flame system: Computerised cognitive assessment for remote brain health monitoring." Open Access Government 42, no. 1 (2024): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-042-11419.

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Flame system: Computerised cognitive assessment for remote brain health monitoring Monitoring brain health, particularly cognition, in older adults is increasingly recognised as a significant priority for research, healthcare and broader public health. Find out here about the development and validation of the FLAME System, a computerised cognitive assessment for remote brain health monitoring. The opportunity to delay or reduce the risk of dementia in people with early cognitive decline or Alzheimer’s Disease is considerable. After a period of limited progress, new treatments for Alzheimer’s D

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Taufiq, M., E. Kusdiyantini, and J. Windarta. "Producing biogas from cow manure, chicken manure, and organic waste by batch system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 896, no. 1 (2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/896/1/012011.

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Abstract Cow manure, chicken manure, and organic waste are solid wastes that can be used as an energy source through a biogas digester. This study aims to determine the production of biogas from waste in a batch digester system. This research uses a digester in the form of a plastic drum with a capacity of 220 liters. 3 treatments were consisting of digester 1 containing cow manure and water (50:50), digester 2 in the form of a mixture of cow manure, chicken manure, and water (30:20:50), digester 3 containing cow manure, organic waste, and water (30:20:50). The digester is then closed tightly

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Zhao, Wenjing, Chanchal Kumar Kundu, Zhiwei Li, Xiaohong Li, and Zhijun Zhang. "Flame retardant treatments for polypropylene: Strategies and recent advances." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 145 (June 2021): 106382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106382.

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Oliver, J. B., D. C. Fare, N. Youssef, et al. "Evaluation of a Single Application of Neonicotinoid and Multi-Application Contact Insecticides for Flatheaded Borer Management in Field Grown Red Maple Cultivars." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28, no. 3 (2010): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-28.3.135.

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Abstract Two trials evaluated insecticides for flatheaded borer control and effect on red maple (Acer rubrum L.) cultivar growth over 4 years. Chrysobothris femorata (Olivier) was the only species reared from borer damaged maples during the study. Soil-applied systemic insecticides (acephate, imidacloprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam) and trunk-applied contact insecticides (chlorpyrifos and bifenthrin) were tested. In the 2005 trial, a one-time drench of Allectus (imidacloprid + bifenthrin) or Discus (imidacloprid + cyfluthrin) provided 2 to 4 years of protection with ‘Autumn F

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Umam, Khotibul. "UJI EFEKTIFITAS FESES TERNAK (SAPI, KERBAU DAN KUDA). TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOGAS YANG DIHASILKAN." Jurnal TAMBORA 3, no. 3 (2019): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v3i3.402.

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Sumbawa, with its high population, can be one of the alternatives in fulfilling the energy needs in the community by utilizing livestock residue (feces) as biogas. The purpose of this research is to know the type of effective treatment in producing biogas. The method used in the study was compiled using complete random draft (RAL) with four treatments and three repeats. Treatment using vegetable litter (SS), cow feces (FS), feces Buffalo (FK), and horse Feses. Fermentor contains impurities and water with a comparison of 1:1 fermented for 13 days. Through this study conducted effectiveness test

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Coughlan, Neil E., Ross N. Cuthbert, Eoghan M. Cunningham, et al. "Smoke on the Water: Comparative Assessment of Combined Thermal Shock Treatments for Control of Invasive Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea." Environmental Management 68, no. 1 (2021): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01474-x.

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AbstractSuppression of established populations of invasive alien species can be a complex and expensive process, which is frequently unsuccessful. The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774), is considered a high impact invader that can adversely alter freshwater ecosystems and decrease their socioeconomic value. To date, C. fluminea continues to spread and persist within freshwater environments worldwide, despite repeated management attempts to prevent dispersal and suppress established populations. As extensive C. fluminea beds can often become exposed during low-water conditions, the

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Zhang, Yu, Yundong Ji, Dongfeng Cao, Hongyuan Zhang, Hongda Chen, and Haixiao Hu. "Effect of Flame Treatment on Bonding Performance of GF/EP Pultrusion Sheets Used for VARI Process." Polymers 15, no. 5 (2023): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051266.

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This paper presents an easy and low-cost flame treatment method to improve the bonding performance of GF/EP (Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy) pultrusion plates, which are using widely for large size wind blades. In order to explore the effect of flame treatment on the bonding performance of the precast GF/EP pultruded sheet vs. the infusion plate, the GF/EP pultruded sheets were treated with different flame treatment cycles and were embedded in the fiber fabrics during the vacuum-assisted resin infusion process (VARI). The bonding shear strengths were measured by tensile shear tests. It is found

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Ghantous, Katherine M., and Hilary A. Sandler. "Effects of Timing and Frequency of Flame Cultivation for Dewberry Control." Weed Technology 30, no. 3 (2016): 751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-15-00182.1.

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Flame cultivation (FC) uses brief exposures of high temperature to control weeds. Three sites in southeastern Massachusetts with dewberry present were studied over a 2-yr period to determine if seasonal timing and frequency of exposure to FC would reduce dewberry stem length and biomass, both in the year of and the year following treatment, and also to evaluate whether FC treatments altered the ratio (sugar : starch) of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in dewberry roots. Dewberry plants were treated with a 9-s exposure to an open-flame hand-held torch at seven different timing regimes (one ap

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Malucelli, Giulio. "Bio-Sourced Flame Retardants for Textiles: Where We Are and Where We Are Going." Molecules 29, no. 13 (2024): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133067.

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After the period of halogenated compounds, the period of nano-structured systems, and that of phosphorus (and nitrogen)-based additives (still in progress), following the increasingly demanding circular economy concept, about ten years ago the textile flame retardant world started experiencing the design and exploitation of bio-sourced products. Indeed, since the demonstration of the potential of such bio(macro)molecules as whey proteins, milk proteins (i.e., caseins), and nucleic acids as effective flame retardants, both natural and synthetic fibers and fabrics can take advantage of the avail

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Ingham, P. E., Steve J. McNeil, and Matthew R. Sunderland. "Functional Finishes for Wool-Eco Considerations." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.33.

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Although wool is a natural renewable fibre with a relatively low environmental impact for its production, a number of functional finishes are commonly applied to improve wool’s performance in knitted or woven garments or carpet. These finishes include those to improve fabric shrink-, flame- and insect -resistance, photo-stability and a number of treatments to improve wool carpet performance. The paper describes currently used treatments, their environmental problems and considers new, more environmentally -friendly alternatives under development.

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Desilets, H., S. Rochefort, J. Coulombe, S. Yelle, and J. Brodeur. "Potential of Propane Flamers for Reduction of Apple Scab Primary Inoculum on Orchard Ground." HortScience 32, no. 2 (1997): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.2.267.

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The potential impact of propane flamers on the development and release of ascosporic inoculum of Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. from infected dead apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves that overwintered on the soil of an experimental orchard was assessed. Thermal reduction of scab primary inoculum was first conducted under controlled conditions using an indoor testing facility. At the time of ascospore maturation, heavily infected leaves were submitted to temperature rises ranging from 150 to 200 °C with open-flame burners, thus reducing the number of ascospores subsequently released by 76%

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Yasin, Sohail, Nemeshwaree Behary, Anne Perwuelz, Jin Ping Guan, and Guo Qiang Chen. "Degradation Kinetics of Organophosphorus Flame Retardant from Cotton Fabric." Applied Mechanics and Materials 864 (April 2017): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.54.

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The organophosphorus compound N-methylol dimethyl phosphonopropionamide (MDPA) is extensively used for durable flame retardant (FR) treatments for cotton fabrics. For optimum finishing treatment, MDPA is used with the Trimethylol melamine (TMM) or dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) for cotton fabric treatments. The amino resins TMM known to pose severe toxic problems such as; breathing problems, headache and most importantly, cancer. In the production, consumption and eventually in the disposal phase of FR with TMM treated cotton fabrics, the release of TMM and toxic emissions cannot b

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SISODIA, ANJANA, ANIL K. SINGH, and VANDANA SISODIA. "Morphological changes and induced mutagenesis in gladiolus varieties through gamma irradiation." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 8 (2015): 1059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i8.50849.

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An experiment was conducted for 3 years (2011-12 to 2013-14) at Varanasi to find out influence of various gamma doses, i.e. 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 kR along with untreated (control) in different varieties of gladiolus, viz. Aldebaran, Jyotsana, Legend, Praha, Punjab Dawn, Pusa Kiran and Tiger Flame. During 1st and 2nd years various parameters were observed and data were pooled for statistical analysis, whereas during 3rd year stability of characters was observed among mutants. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 5 replications. Maximum leaf area was observed with con

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SINGH, NAGENDER, and AMIT MADHU. "MULTIFUNCTIONAL MODIFICATION OF COTTON FABRIC FOR ANTIMICROBIAL, FLAME-RETARDANT AND OLEOPHOBIC PROPERTIES." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 7-8 (2024): 851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2024.58.75.

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In recent times, the investigation and development of multifunctional textiles have become a necessity for the textile and apparel industries. Therefore, this paper explores an innovative approach to enhancing the functional properties of cotton (cellulosic) fabric by integrating advanced technologies to impart oleophobic/hydrophobic, flame-retardant, and antibacterial characteristics. The methodology involves systematically applying chemical treatments utilizing a layer-by-layer finishing technique to achieve the desired multifunctionality in cotton fabric. Silver nanoparticles and a phosphor

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Mustafa, Mustafa, and Sudarno Sudarno. "Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Flame Cutting CNC Dan Waktu Pendinginan Terhadap Kekerasan." JURNAL PILAR TEKNOLOGI Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Ilmu Teknik 6, no. 1 (2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/piltek.v6i1.68.

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Abstractâ€” In material that is subjected to heat treatment or workmanship such as in the welding process or flame cutting cutting, it will experience structural changes and mechanical properties. Changes in mechanical properties will cause losses such as: material becomes hard and brittle, although tensile strength and wear resistance increases. In this study an analysis of the factors affecting flame cutting cnc and cooling time against hardness was carried out. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the change in hardness on the results of flame cutting cutting. The study w

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Seifert, Simone, and Charles E. Snipes. "Influence of Flame Cultivation on Mortality of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Pests and Beneficial Insects." Weed Technology 10, no. 3 (1996): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00040410.

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Field studies to determine the effect of flame cultivation on cotton pests and beneficial insects were conducted in 1994. Mortality of caged tarnished plant bugs and convergent lady beetles located at the soil surface and canopy heights of 10 and 20 cm above the ground in 25- to 30-cm cotton was recorded after flaming at two liquid propane-gas (LP-gas) pressure settings with or without water-shield protection. Air temperatures, measured proximal to insects during flame treatments, were lower at higher levels in the cotton canopy regardless of LP-gas pressure and the presence or absence of wate

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Sharma, Naresh Kr, C. S. Verma, Vijayaraghavan M. Chariar, and Rajendra Prasad. "Eco-friendly flame-retardant treatments for cellulosic green building materials." Indoor and Built Environment 24, no. 3 (2013): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x13516655.

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Silvernail, Anthony, and Michael K. Bomford. "(157) Weed Control in Organic Edamame Soybean Production." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1031D—1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1031d.

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Weed control is a major challenge confronting growers transitioning to organic vegetable production. Organic standards require that growers manage weeds without synthetic herbicides while maintaining or enhancing soil quality. In 2005, we evaluated the effects of two seedbed preparation methods and six weed management tactics, compatible with organic standards, on soil quality indicators, weed pressure, and yield of edamame soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Seedbed preparation was conducted with either a moldboard plow and roto-tiller or a spading machine. Weeds were managed by a) regular ha

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Fulé, P. Z., A. E. M. Waltz, W. W. Covington, and T. A. Heinlein. "Measuring Forest Restoration Effectiveness in Reducing Hazardous Fuels." Journal of Forestry 99, no. 11 (2001): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/99.11.24.

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Abstract Forest restoration treatments of thinning young trees followed by prescribed burning in north-western Arizona led to significantly lower stand density, lower crown fuel load, and higher crown base height than untreated stands. Simulated fire under extreme weather conditions caused 48 percent more canopy burning and higher flame lengths, heat/area, and rate of spread in untreated stands. Wind speeds required for passive crown fire (torching) were twice as high in treated stands. Treated stands were highly heterogeneous, but restoration treatments clearly enhanced crown-fire resistance.

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Malucelli, Giulio. "Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives." Molecules 24, no. 20 (2019): 3774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203774.

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The search for possible alternatives to traditional flame retardants (FRs) is pushing the academic and industrial communities towards the design of new products that exhibit low environmental impact and toxicity, notwithstanding high performances, when put in contact with a flame or exposed to an irradiative heat flux. In this context, in the last five to ten years, the suitability and effectiveness of some biomacromolecules and bio-sourced products with a specific chemical structure and composition as effective flame retardants for natural or synthetic textiles has been thoroughly explored at

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GÜNAYDIN, Gizem Karakan, Mine AKGÜN, Ayça GÜRARDA, Erhan Kenan ÇEVEN, and Bülent ASLAN. "INVESTIGATIONOF FRICTION COEFFICIENTOF DRAPERY FABRICS TREATED WITH DIFFERENT RATIO OF FLAME RETARDANT." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.12.

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As the security precautions with respect to new standards for the furnishing textiles in big platforms such as concert, theatre halls have increased, flame retardancy has become one of the vital required property for drapery fabrics. However, those kind of additional treatment processes may lead to some differences in fabric properties such as friction which should be considered for the consumers. This study aims to evaluate the influence of using different ratio of flame retardant chemicals (g/l) on friction coefficient of drapery fabrics. For this purpose, nine types of fabrics composed of t

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Rask, Anne M., Palle Kristoffersen, and Christian Andreasen. "Controlling Grass Weeds on Hard Surfaces: Effect of Time Intervals between Flame Treatments." Weed Technology 26, no. 1 (2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-11-00031.1.

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An experiment was conducted on a specially designed hard surface to study the impact of time interval between flaming treatments on the regrowth and flower production of two grass weeds. The goal of this experiment was to optimize the control of annual bluegrass and perennial ryegrass, both species that are very difficult to control without herbicides. Aboveground biomass from 72 plants per treatment was harvested and dry weights were recorded at regular intervals to investigate how the plants responded to flaming. Regrowth of the grasses was measured by harvesting aboveground biomass 2 wk aft

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