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Journal articles on the topic 'Flammes de diffusion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Wang, H. Y., S. Rouvreau, P. Cordeiro, G. Legros, and P. Joulain. "Simulation numérique directe de flammes de diffusion laminaires en microgravité." Mécanique & Industries 5, no. 5 (2004): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca:2004063.

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2

Robin, Vincent, Arnaud Mura, Michel Champion, and Pierre Plion. "Modélisation de la combustion turbulente des mélanges hétérogènes en richesse : Des flammes de prémélange aux flammes de diffusion." Comptes Rendus Mécanique 337, no. 8 (2009): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2009.07.003.

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3

Laurent, Frédérique, Marc Massot, and Vitaly Volpert. "Propagation de flammes gazeuses dans la limite d'une diffusion massique nulle." Comptes Rendus Mathematique 335, no. 4 (2002): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-073x(02)02487-1.

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4

Ban, H., S. Venkatesh, and K. Saito. "Convection-Diffusion Controlled Laminar Micro Flames." Journal of Heat Transfer 116, no. 4 (1994): 954–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911471.

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Small laminar diffusion flames (flame height ≃2–3 mm) established by a fuel jet issuing into a quiescent medium are investigated. It was found that for these flames buoyancy effects disappeared as the flame size decreased (Fr≫1), and diffusive transport of the fuel was comparable to the convective transport of the fuel. The effect of buoyancy on these flames was studied by examining the flame shape for horizontally oriented burners. A phenomenological model was developed (based on experimentally determined flame shapes) to compare diffusion and convection transport effects. Finally, the flame

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5

Kim, J. S., F. A. Williams, and P. D. Ronney. "Diffusional-thermal instability of diffusion flames." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 327 (November 25, 1996): 273–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096008543.

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The diffusional–thermal instability, which gives rise to striped quenching patterns that have been observed for diffusion flames, is analysed by studying the model of a one-dimensional convective diffusion flame in the diffusion-flame regime of activation-energy asymptotics. Attention is focused principally on near-extinction conditions with Lewis numbers less than unity, in which the reactants with high diffusivity diffuse into the strong segments of the reaction sheet, so that the regions between the strong segments become deficient in reactant and subject to the local quenching that leads t

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6

Yao, Jiajie, Jiahao Liu, and Jian Wang. "Experimental Study of Coflow Propane—Air Laminar Diffusion Flames at Subatmospheric Pressures." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (2021): 5979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135979.

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The effect of pressure on the flame’s physical structure and soot formation of the coflow propane—air laminar diffusion flames was studied experimentally at subatmospheric pressures from 30 to 101 kPa. Flames with a constant fuel mass flow rate combined with two different coflow air mass flow rates were investigated at different pressures. The spatially resolved relative soot volume fraction was measured using the laser-induced incandescence (LII) method. The height of the visible flame decreased moderately as the pressure (p) reduced from 101 to 30 kPa. The maximum flame diameter increased pr

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7

Baker, John, Mark E. Calvert, and David W. Murphy. "Structure and Dynamics of Laminar Jet Micro-Slot Diffusion Flames." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 4 (2002): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1482083.

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Results of an experimental investigation into the behavior of laminar jet diffusion flames, produced using micro-slot burner ports, are presented. Under certain conditions, the cross-sectional shape of micro-slot flames is qualitatively similar to the cross-sectional shape of circular burner port flames produced in an environment where molecular diffusion is the primary transport mechanism. An order of magnitude analysis reveals that, over the range of experimental conditions examined, the behavior of the experimentally observed micro-slot flames is not necessarily diffusion-controlled. A comp

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8

Xie, Yu, Zhilong Wei, Teng Zhou, Haishen Zhen, Zihao Liu, and Zuohuang Huang. "Combustion Characteristics of Small Laminar Flames in an Upward Decreasing Magnetic Field." Energies 14, no. 7 (2021): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071969.

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The combustion characteristics of laminar biogas premixed and diffusion flames in the presence of upward decreasing magnetic fields have been investigated in this study. The mechanism of magnet–flame interaction in the literature, in which magnetic fields change the behaviors of laminar flames due to the paramagnetic and diamagnetic properties of the constituent gases, is examined and the results are as follows. The magnetic field has no noticeable effect on premixed flames due to low oxygen concentration of the mixed gas at the injection and the relatively high flow momentum. However, due to

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9

McNesby, K. L., R. G. Daniel, J. M. Widder, and A. W. Miziolek. "Spectroscopic Investigation of Atmospheric-Pressure Counterflow Diffusion Flames Inhibited by Halons." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 1 (1996): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963906762.

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Infrared spectra of atmospheric-pressure counterflow diffusion flames inhibited by halons (a contraction of halogenated hydrocarbons) and a few of their potential replacements are measured with the use of Fourier transform spectroscopy. Results are compared to spectra of similar flame systems examined at low pressure. It is shown that, for atmospheric-pressure counterflow diffusion methane/air flames inhibited by CF3Br, CF2H2, and CF4, the two major fluorine-containing combustion products are HF and CF2O. A correlation is shown between flame inhibition efficiency and CF2O formation for atmosph

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10

Li, X. "On the Scaling of the Visible Lengths of Jet Diffusion Flames." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 118, no. 2 (1996): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2792703.

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Length of jet diffusion flames is of direct importance in many industrial processes and is analyzed by applying scaling method directly to the governing partial differential equations. It is shown that for jet-momentum-dominated diffusion flames, when the buoyancy effects are neglected, the flame length normalized by the burner exit diameter increases linearly with the Reynolds number at the burner exit in the laminar burning regime and decreases in inverse proportion to the Reynolds number in the transitional regime. For turbulent diffusion flames, the normalized flame lengths are independent

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11

KIM, J. S. "Diffusional-Thermal Instability of Diffusion Flames in the Premixed-Flame Regime." Combustion Science and Technology 118, no. 1-3 (1996): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209608951970.

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12

GHOSAL, SANDIP, and LUC VERVISCH. "Theoretical and numerical study of a symmetrical triple flame using the parabolic flame path approximation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 415 (July 25, 2000): 227–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000008685.

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In non-premixed turbulent combustion the reactive zone is localized at the stoichiometric surfaces of the mixture and may be locally approximated by a diffusion flame. Experiments and numerical simulations reveal a characteristic structure at the edge of such a two-dimensional diffusion flame. This ‘triple flame’ or ‘edge flame’ consists of a curved flame front followed by a trailing edge that constitutes the body of the diffusion flame. Triple flames are also observed at the edge of a lifted laminar diffusion flame near the exit of burners. The speed of propagation of the triple flame determi

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13

Zhang, Ting, Qinghua Guo, Xudong Song, Zhijie Zhou, and Guangsuo Yu. "The Chemiluminescence and Structure Properties of Normal/Inverse Diffusion Flames." Journal of Spectroscopy 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/304717.

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The flame emission spectrometry was applied to detect the distribution of excited radicals in two types CH4/O2 coflow jet diffusion flames (normal and inverse diffusion flames). Combining the image analysis along with the spectrometry, the chemiluminescence and structure characteristics of these diffusion flames were investigated. The results show that the inverse diffusion flame (IDF) with relatively high inlet oxygen velocity is composed of two regions: a bright base and a tower on top of the base, which is quite different from the normal diffusion flame (NDF). The flame is divided into two

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14

Han, Yongtaek, Kihyung Lee, Wonnam Lee, Jaewoo Chung, and Chunbum Lee. "Quantitative Measurements of Soot Particles in Laminar Diffusion Flame Using a LII/LIS Technique(Measurement PM in Flames)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.377.

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15

Shimada, T., T. Akiyama, S. Fukushima, et al. "Time-Resolved Temperature Profiling of Flames With Highly Preheated/Low Oxygen Concentration Air in an Industrial Size Furnace." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 3 (2004): 464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1914801.

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A high-speed video camera was combined with a newly developed optical system to measure time resolved two-dimensional (2D) temperature distribution in flames. This diagnostics has been applied to measure the temperature distribution in an industrial size regenerative test furnace facility using highly preheated combustion air and heavy fuel oil. The 2D distributions of continuum emission from soot particles in these flames have been simultaneously measured at two discrete wave bands at 125 frames/sec. This allowed us to determine the temperature from each image on the basis of two-color 2D the

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16

Camacho, Jorge R., and Ahsan R. Choudhuri. "Shapes of Elliptic Methane Laminar Jet Diffusion Flames." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 1 (2004): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2032449.

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Buoyant and nonbuoyant shapes of methane flames issued from a 2:1 aspect ratio elliptic tube burner were measured. Nonbuoyant conditions were obtained in the KC-135 microgravity research aircraft operated by NASA’s Johnson Space Center. A mathematical model based on the extended Burke-Schumann flame theory is developed to predict the flame length of an elliptic burner. The model utilizes Roper’s theoretical method for circular burners and extends the analysis for elliptic burners. The predicted flame length using the theoretical model agrees well with experimental measurements. In general for

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17

Tewarson, A., and M. M. Khan. "Extinguishment of Diffusion Flames of Polymeric Materials by Halon 1301." Journal of Fire Sciences 11, no. 5 (1993): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419301100503.

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Halon 1301 flame extinction results are discussed for the com bustion of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), eight composite materials, and carbon in the gas phase. Two types of combustion and flame extinction experi ments were performed: (1) in the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) flammability apparatus (50 kW scale) for PMMA and composite materials, and (2) in the FMRC electrical arc apparatus for carbon in the gas phase. For char forming composite materials, mass transfer from the surface was low, turbulent diffusion flames were not generated, and flame extinction oc curred between 3 t

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18

Ju, Yiguang, Kaoru Maruta, and Takashi Niioka. "Combustion Limits." Applied Mechanics Reviews 54, no. 3 (2001): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3097297.

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Combustion limits and related flame behaviors are reviewed, especially with regard to fundamental problems. As for premixed flames, after a brief historical overview of research on the flammability limit, recent trends of research on planar propagating flames, curved propagating flames, flame balls, and stretched premixed flames are discussed, and then all types of flames are summarized. Finally, instability and dynamics near limits is discussed. With regard to combustion limits of counterflow diffusion flames and droplet flames, their instability is demonstrated, then an explanation of lifted

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19

Veynante, D., A. Trouvé, K. N. C. Bray, and T. Mantel. "Gradient and counter-gradient scalar transport in turbulent premixed flames." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 332 (February 1997): 263–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096004065.

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In premixed turbulent combustion, the modelling of the turbulent flux of the mean reaction progress variable remains somewhat controversial. Classical gradient transport assumptions based on the eddy viscosity concept are often used while both experimental data and theoretical analysis have pointed out the existence of countergradient turbulent diffusion. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is used in this paper to provide basic information on the turbulent flux of and study the occurrence of counter-gradient transport. The numerical configuration corresponds to twoor three-dimensional premixed

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20

Vance, Faizan Habib, Yuriy Shoshin, Philip de Goey, and Jeroen van Oijen. "Flame Stabilization and Blow-Off of Ultra-Lean H2-Air Premixed Flames." Energies 14, no. 7 (2021): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071977.

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The manner in which an ultra-lean hydrogen flame stabilizes and blows off is crucial for the understanding and design of safe and efficient combustion devices. In this study, we use experiments and numerical simulations for pure H2-air flames stabilized behind a cylindrical bluff body to reveal the underlying physics that make such flames stable and eventually blow-off. Results from CFD simulations are used to investigate the role of stretch and preferential diffusion after a qualitative validation with experiments. It is found that the flame displacement speed of flames stabilized beyond the

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21

Shih, Hsin Yi, and Jou Rong Hsu. "Computed Extinction Limits and Flame Structures of Opposed-Jet Syngas Diffusion Flames." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4899.

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This paper reports a numerical study on the extinction limits and flame structures of opposed-jet syngas diffusion flames. A narrowband radiation model is coupled to the OPPDIF program, which uses detailed chemical kinetics and thermal and transport properties to enable the study of 1-D counterflow syngas diffusion flames over the entire range of flammable strain rates with flame radiation. The effects of syngas composition, strain rate, ambient pressure, and dilution gases on the flame structures and extinction limits of H2/CO synthetic mixture flames were examined. Results indicate the flame

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22

Xia, Xi, and Peng Zhang. "A vortex-dynamical scaling theory for flickering buoyant diffusion flames." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 855 (September 24, 2018): 1156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.707.

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The flickering of buoyant diffusion flames is associated with the periodic shedding of toroidal vortices that are formed under gravity-induced shearing at the flame surface. Numerous experimental investigations have confirmed the scaling,$f\propto D^{-1/2}$, where$f$is the flickering frequency and$D$is the diameter of the fuel inlet. However, the connection between the toroidal vortex dynamics and the scaling has not been clearly understood. By incorporating the finding of Gharibet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 360, 1998, pp. 121–140) that the detachment of a continuously growing vortex ring is ine

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23

BABA, YUYA, and RYOICHI KUROSE. "Analysis and flamelet modelling for spray combustion." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 612 (October 10, 2008): 45–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008002620.

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The validity of a steady-flamelet model and a flamelet/progress-variable approach for gaseous and spray combustion is investigated by a two-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of gaseous and spray jet flames, and the combustion characteristics are analysed. A modified flamelet/progress-variable approach, in which total enthalpy rather than product mass fraction is chosen as a progress variable, is also examined. DNS with an Arrhenius formation, in which the chemical reaction is directly solved in the physical flow field, is performed as a reference to validate the combustion models.

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24

Saito, K., F. A. Williams, and A. S. Gordon. "Structure of Laminar Coflow Methane–Air Diffusion Flames." Journal of Heat Transfer 108, no. 3 (1986): 640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3246984.

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Measured temperature and composition profiles are reported for a number of flames. Implications concerning flame structure are deduced, with emphasis on soot formation and on correlations involving conserved scalars.

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25

Li, S. C., N. Ilincic, and F. A. Williams. "Reduction of NOx Formation by Water Sprays in Strained Two-Stage Flames." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 4 (1997): 836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817062.

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Staged combustion can be employed to reduce the formation of CO and NOx, stabilize the flame, decrease the flame temperature, and create better working conditions in gas turbine combustors. To help understand influences of partial premixing and addition of water on NOx formation, we study two-stage flames in a counterflow spray burner. This paper reports experimental and theoretical results concerning two-stage combustion in which one feed stream is composed of a fuel-rich mixture of methane and air and the other is air. Water sprays are added to the air stream. This two-phase laminar counterf

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26

Leu, Jai Houng, and Ay Su. "Structure of Combustion Enhancement on Impinging Diffusion Flame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.872.

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For the purpose to clear obverse the impingement and entrainment of the impinging diffusion flame, numbers of the tests are executed under various sets of momentum ratios in this paper. The oxidizer-fuel impinging flames shorten the fully development length. The peak temperature distributions are also greater than that of pure methane impinging flame. Furthermore, its flame width in YZ plane is thicker than that of the pure impinging flame. This effect is more obvious under lean combustion condition. Also, nitrogen gas in the mixture can increase the mixing rate.

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27

Ravikrishna, RV, and AB Sahu. "Advances in understanding combustion phenomena using non-premixed and partially premixed counterflow flames: A review." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 10, no. 1 (2017): 38–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756827717738168.

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Counterflow flames provide an ideal platform for understanding the flame structure and as a model to study the effect of physical and chemical perturbations on the flame structure. This article reviews the advances made in the understanding of combustion dynamics and chemistry through experimental and numerical studies in counterflow non-premixed and partially premixed flames. Key contributions on fundamental aspects such as extinction, ignition and effect of perturbations on the stability of diffusion flames are first summarized and analysed. The review then focuses on the progress made in th

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28

Kalman, Joseph, Nick G. Glumac, and Herman Krier. "Experimental Study of Constant Volume Sulfur Dust Explosions." Journal of Combustion 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/817259.

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Dust flames have been studied for decades because of their importance in industrial safety and accident prevention. Recently, dust flames have become a promising candidate to counter biological warfare. Sulfur in particular is one of the elements that is of interest, but sulfur dust flames are not well understood. Flame temperature and flame speed were measured for sulfur flames with particle concentrations of 280 and 560 g/m3and oxygen concentration between 10% and 42% by volume. The flame temperature increased with oxygen concentration from approximately 900 K for the 10% oxygen cases to tem

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29

Ga, Bui Van, Le Van Tuy, Huynh Ba Vang, Le Van Lu, and Nguyen Ngoc Linh. "Experimental study of radiation heat transfer coefficient of diffusion flames." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 29, no. 2 (2007): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/29/2/5595.

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Basing on analysis of flame pictures given by visioscope by two-color method, the paper presents evolution of radiation heat transfer coefficient \(\varepsilon_s\) of soot in diffusion flames in air, in furnace and in combustion chamber of Diesel engine. \(\varepsilon_s\) reaches respectively its maximal value of 0.15; 0.30 and 0.45 in regions of maximal soot fraction of the three above flames.

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30

Bhadraiah, K., and V. Raghavan. "A numerical study of the effect of radial confinement on the characteristics of laminar co-flow methane–oxygen diffusion flames." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 225, no. 5 (2011): 1213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041298310393446.

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A numerical investigation of the characteristics of laminar co-flow methane–oxygen diffusion flames has been carried out. The temperature and nitric oxide (NO) distributions in unconfined and partly confined flames are studied in detail. Radial confinements of different diameters and with a length of 150 times the fuel jet diameter have been considered to allow atmospheric nitrogen entry only from the top. A numerical model with a 43-step chemical kinetics mechanism and an optically thin radiation sub-model is employed to carry out simulations. The numerical model has been validated using the

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31

Takahashi, F., M. Mizomoto, and S. Ikai. "Structure of the Stabilizing Region of a Laminar Jet Diffusion Flame." Journal of Heat Transfer 110, no. 1 (1988): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250450.

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Velocity, temperature, and composition of major species were measured in the base region of a two-dimensional, laminar methane jet diffusion flame in unconfined still air under a low-velocity jetting condition. The velocity data showed acceleration near the flame zone caused primarily by thermal expansion and buoyancy. The heat flux vectors showed substantial heat flow from the flame base to both downstream and the burner wall. The premixed zone was formed in the dark space by convective penetration of oxygen and back-diffusion of methane. The molar flux vectors of methane and oxygen at the ba

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32

Sarlak, R., M. Shams, and R. Ebrahimi. "Numerical simulation of soot formation in a turbulent diffusion flame: comparison among three soot formation models." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 5 (2011): 1290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211421997.

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Combustion and soot formation in a turbulent diffusion flame are simulated. Chemistry of combustion is treated with a detailed reaction mechanism that employs 49 species and 277 reactions. Turbulence is taken into account via the corrected k–ε model. Radiation heat transfer from flame is modelled by the P-1 model. An empirical model proposed by Khan and Greeves and two semi-empirical models proposed by Tesner and Lindstedt are used to simulate the soot formation in the flame. Khan and Greeves model showed to underpredict the maximum soot volume fraction. Nevertheless, the main shortcoming of K

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33

Marley, Stephen K., Eric J. Welle, and Kevin M. Lyons. "Combustion Structures in Lifted Ethanol Spray Flames." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 2 (2004): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1688768.

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The development of a double flame structure in lifted ethanol spray flames is visualized using OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). While the OH images indicate a single reaction zone exists without co-flow, the addition of low-speed co-flow facilitates the formation of a double flame structure that consists of two diverging flame fronts originating at the leading edge of the reaction zone. The outer reaction zone burns steadily in a diffusion mode, and the strained inner flame structure is characterized by both diffusion and partially premixed combustion exhibiting local extinction an

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34

Mohan, S., and M. Matalon. "Diffusion flames and diffusion flame-streets in three dimensional micro-channels." Combustion and Flame 177 (March 2017): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.12.004.

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35

Robert, Etienne, and Peter A. Monkewitz. "Thermal-diffusive instabilities in unstretched, planar diffusion flames." Combustion and Flame 159, no. 3 (2012): 1228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.10.020.

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36

JUNG, Byong-koog, Toshiaki YANO, Shuichi TORII, and Hiroaki MOCHIZUKI. "Flame Reignition Phenomenon of Hydrogen Jet Diffusion Flames." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 67, no. 661 (2001): 2347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.67.2347.

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37

GORDON, A. S., S. C. LI, and FA WILLIAMS. "Visible Flame Heights of Laminar Coflow Diffusion Flames." Combustion Science and Technology 141, no. 1-6 (1999): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209908924179.

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38

MIKOFSKI, M., T. WILLIAMS, C. SHADDIX, and L. BLEVINS. "Flame height measurement of laminar inverse diffusion flames." Combustion and Flame 146, no. 1-2 (2006): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.04.006.

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39

Abam, D. P. S. "Methane Combustion in Laminar Diffusion Flames." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power Engineering 203, no. 1 (1989): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_008_02.

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This paper is concerned with methane combustion in laminar diffusion flames. Data on methane concentration distributions in different diffusion flame geometries are correlated against a conserved scalar called mixture fraction. The correlation is used to determine a global methane combustion rate applicable in the rich to stoichiometric regions of laminar diffusion flames. The global rate is consistent with methane disappearance through the forward kinetic step: CH4 + H → CH3 + H2 with [H] equilibrated according to [Formula: see text] on the rich side. This equilibration results from the three

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40

Lee, S., and J. Kim. "Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of flame stripes formed in strained diffusion flames by diffusional—thermal instability." Combustion Theory and Modelling 4, no. 1 (2000): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1364-7830/4/1/302.

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41

Getty, J. D., S. G. Westre, D. Z. Bezabeh, G. A. Barrall, M. J. Burmeister, and P. B. Kelly. "Detection of Benzene and Trichloroethylene in Sooting Flames." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 4 (1992): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924124907.

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The utility of resonance Raman spectroscopy as an analytical method is studied for application to multicomponent sooting flames. Far-ultraviolet resonance Raman spectra of benzene and trichloroethylene in methane diffusion flames have been obtained. The feasibility of flame temperature determination has been demonstrated for the benzene/methane flame. Resonance enhancement provides the sensitivity and selectivity required to detect low concentrations of aromatics and chlorinated hydrocarbons, in contrast to conventional spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, which suffers from low sensitivity and int

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42

Katragadda, Mohit, and Nilanjan Chakraborty. "A PrioriDirect Numerical Simulation Modelling of the Curvature Term of the Flame Surface Density Transport Equation for Nonunity Lewis Number Flames in the Context of Large Eddy Simulations." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/103727.

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A Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) database of freely propagating statistically planar turbulent premixed flames with Lewis numbersLeranging from 0.34 to 1.2 has been used to analyse the statistical behaviours of the curvature term of the generalised Flame surface Density (FSD) transport equation, in the context of the Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Lewis number is shown to have significant influences on the statistical behaviours of the resolved and sub-grid parts of the FSD curvature term. It has been found that the existing models for the sub-grid curvature termCsgdo not capture the qualitat

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43

Gollahalli, S. R. "Effects of Flame Lift-Off on the Differences Between the Diffusion Flames From Circular and Elliptic Burners." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 2 (1998): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795028.

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An experimental study conducted to determine the effects of lifting the flame base off the burner rim on the differences between the flame characteristics of diffusion flames from circular and elliptic burners is presented. The in-flame profiles of temperature, concentrations of fuel and combustion product species, and the mean and fluctuating components of axial velocity are presented. This study has shown that the effects of burner geometry in turbulent lifted flames are considerable only in the near-burner region. In the midflame and far-burner regions, the effects traceable to burner geome

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Ratna Kishore, V., M. R. Ravi, and Anjan Ray. "Effect of Hydrogen Content and Dilution on Laminar Burning Velocity and Stability Characteristics of Producer Gas-Air Mixtures." International Journal of Reacting Systems 2008 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/310740.

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Producer gas is one of the promising alternative fuels with typical constituents of H2, CO, CH4, N2, and CO2. The laminar burning velocity of producer gas was computed for a wide range of operating conditions. Flame stability due to preferential diffusional effects was also investigated. Computations were carried out for spherical outwardly propagating flames and planar flames. Different reaction mechanisms were assessed for the prediction of laminar burning velocities of CH4, H2, H2-CO, and CO-CH4and results showed that the Warnatz reaction mechanism with C1 chemistry was the smallest among t

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Caetano, N. R., T. Z. Stapasolla, F. B. Peng, P. S. Schneider, F. M. Pereira, and H. A. Vielmo. "Diffusion Flame Stability of Low Calorific Fuels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 362 (April 2015): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.362.29.

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Mechanisms related to diffusion flame stabilization have been the subject of several studies within the last decades due the industrial and scientific interests. Information on flame stability is of fundamental importance in energy efficiency and safety regarding industrial applications. Thus, an experimental study was performed in order to examine the flame characteristics and regions of stability limits. In this study, a representative burner of industrial applications was employed, which allows the stabilization of several combustion regimes. The lift-off and blow-out flame regimes were inv

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See, Yee Chee, and Matthias Ihme. "Effects of finite-rate chemistry and detailed transport on the instability of jet diffusion flames." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 745 (March 25, 2014): 647–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.95.

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AbstractLocal linear stability analysis has been shown to provide valuable information about the response of jet diffusion flames to flow-field perturbations. However, this analysis commonly relies on several modelling assumptions about the mean flow prescription, the thermo-viscous-diffusive transport properties, and the complexity and representation of the chemical reaction mechanisms. In this work, the effects of these modelling assumptions on the stability behaviour of a jet diffusion flame are systematically investigated. A flamelet formulation is combined with linear stability theory to

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Hancock, R. D., F. R. Schauer, R. P. Lucht, V. R. Katta, and K. Y. Hsu. "Thermal diffusion effects and vortex-flame interactions in hydrogen jet diffusion flames." Symposium (International) on Combustion 26, no. 1 (1996): 1087–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80323-7.

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Krupa, R. J., T. F. Culbreth, B. W. Smith, and J. D. Winefordner. "A Flashback-Resistant Burner for Combustion Diagnostics and Analytical Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 6 (1986): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508232.

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A general utility burner for the production of laminar, homogenous diffusion flames, which is immune to flashbacks, is presented. Because the fuel and oxidant mix on the surface of the burner rather than within the spray chamber, the flames cannot flashback. A wide variety of gas mixtures has been investigated, including oxygen, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide as the oxidants. Any combination of fuel and oxidant can be safely burned to produced a stable, laminar, and audibly quiet flame. Flame temperatures can be varied over a wide range either by changing the fuel-oxidant ratio or by diluting

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Wang, H. Y., J. K. Bechtold, and C. K. Law. "Forced oscillation in diffusion flames near diffusive–thermal resonance." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51, no. 3-4 (2008): 630–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.04.042.

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Mokrin, Sergey, R. V. Fursenko, and S. S. Minaev. "Thermal-Diffusive Stability of Counterflow Premixed Flames at Low Lewis Numbers." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.608.

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Dynamics of radiative, near-limit, stretched premixed flames is investigated analytically and numerically. Investigation of counterflow premixed flames stability is important for the development of new combustion technologies such as those associated with low-NOx emission, lean burn and material synthesis. Emphasis is paid on the linear stability of multiple flame regimes. The present analysis, for the first time, gives out a dispersion equation describing growth rate of small spatial perturbations of the flame front. The stability diagram is obtained and the region of instability is distingui

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