Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flaring gas

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Flaring gas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Flaring gas"

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Obi, Nkemdilim, Phillip Bwititi, and Ezekiel Nwose. "Study proposal of the impact of gas flaring on health of communities in Delta state Nigeria." International Journal of Scientific Reports 7, no. 9 (August 21, 2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20213262.

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<p class="abstract">Gas flaring is the continuous discharge of gaseous fuel into the atmosphere during oil and gas operations. Over the past years, there has been an increased concern of the impact of gas flaring on the environment and recently on human health. The impact of gas flaring in Niger Delta, Nigeria is of local and global environmental concern. The uncontrolled and wasteful flaring of gas has caused negative impacts on the flora, fauna and human health and livelihood in the region. Reports indicate that gas flaring in Nigeria contributed more greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere than the combined contribution of gas flaring on GHGs in the Sub-Saharan African countries. The GHGs emitted during gas flaring contribute significantly to global warming which may result in sea level rise and hasten the effects of climate change. Gas flaring, commonly carried out by oil exploration companies in Nigeria poses a hazard to the health of populations and environment by pollution, warming and release of GHGs. This study seeked to identify the risks associated with gas flaring in relation to human health in Delta region of Nigeria.</p>
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Obi, Nkem, Alero Akuirene, Phillip Bwititi, Josiah Adjene, and Ezekiel Nwose. "Impact of gas flaring on communities in Delta region of Nigeria, narrative review part 1: environmental health perspective." International Journal of Scientific Reports 7, no. 3 (February 20, 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20210548.

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<p class="abstract">Gas flaring is the combustion of associated gas from crude-oil exploitation and exploration operations and occurs in refineries, oil wells, oil rigs by fiery of the gas. Nigeria is one of the main producers of gas in the world and oil exploration activities have occasioned high rate of gas flaring because of poor enforcement of anti-gas flaring laws by the regulatory authorities. Gas flaring comes with serious environmental concern because it is a major source of air pollution with adverse public health consequences particularly in the gas flaring communities. The objective of this narrative review is to identify the risks associated with gas flaring in relation to the environment. Literatures from diverse databases including peer reviewed journals as well as governmental and organizational papers were searched to develop the narrative. Over the years, several laws have been enacted in Nigeria with stipulated dates to end gas flaring, but the targets have not been met. The Federal government of Nigeria updated the legal framework titled flare gas (prevention of waste and pollution) regulations, 2018 to facilitate financial profits through utilization and commercialization of associated gas, with a view to reduce or exterminate flaring. This effort appears ineffective due to weak enforcement and poor monitoring mechanism. The statutory government institution entrusted to enforce anti-gas law may benefit from some sort of motivation to ensure oil operators comply to combat environmental health risks from gas flaring.</p>
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Zhizhin, Mikhail, Alexey Matveev, Tilottama Ghosh, Feng-Chi Hsu, Martyn Howells, and Christopher Elvidge. "Measuring Gas Flaring in Russia with Multispectral VIIRS Nightfire." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 3078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163078.

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According to the data reported by the international and governmental agencies, the Russian Federation remains one of the world’s major associated petroleum gas (APG) flaring nations. In the past decade, numerous studies have shown the applicability of satellite-based methods to estimate gas flaring. New satellite-based observations might offer an insight in region-, company-, and site-specific gas flaring patterns, as the reported data are often incomplete. We provide a detailed catalog of the upstream and downstream gas flares and an in-depth analysis at the country, region, company and site level of the satellite monitoring results of flaring in Russia from 2012 to 2020. Our analysis is based on the VIIRS Nightfire data and validated against high-resolution daytime satellite images and geographical and geological metadata published by the oil and gas companies and the Russian government. Gas flaring volumes in Russia are estimated to average at 23 billion cubic meters (BCM) annually (15% of global flaring), with 19 BCM (82% on national scale) corresponding to the oil upstream flaring, which has been subject to heavy government regulations since 2013. Despite initially dropping, observed flaring volumes have been on the climb since 2018. We are able to monitor seasonal variations, accidents in gas processing and to track the activities to reduce gas flaring. An effect of gas composition on the flare temperature is reported for oil and gas fields in Russia.
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Osuoha, Christopher A., and Michael A. Fakutiju. "Gas Flaring in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Cost, Ecological and Human Health Implications." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (September 18, 2017): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v6i2.11662.

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The study examines the relationship between total gas produced, utilized and flared, also the social cost, economic cost and the public health consequences resulting from gas flaring in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The environmental and economic impacts caused by gas flaring activities in this part of the world between 1999 and 2015 were analyzed to establish the relationship gas flaring has with lost economic opportunities, ecological damage and human health challenges. The study examined and discussed the gas flaring cost, the volume of gas produced, public health cost, the cost of pollution abatement technology, social cost-benefit, the regulatory policies, and the reason why oil companies still flare gases. There is no single empirical approach, estimation technique or emission index to quantify the exact impact of gas flaring. The impact of gas flaring on the Niger Delta region is not an assumption but a reality that is supported by verifiable evidence. We find that gas flaring has a devastating impact on human health and the natural ecology. Available cost-effective technological solutions can be deployed by the oil companies to abate the flaring, expand revenue and improve the environmental quality in the Niger Delta area.
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Akinola, Adeoye O. "Resource Misgovernance and the Contradictions of Gas Flaring in Nigeria: A Theoretical Conversation." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 5 (July 28, 2017): 749–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909617722374.

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Nigeria remains Africa’s largest energy producer and at the same time possesses one of the highest gas flaring rates in the continent. Gas flaring in the Niger Delta region, estimated at 75% of the entire gas produced in Nigeria, highlights the environmental abuse posed by resource extraction, and exposes the failure of successive governments to eliminate the threat it portends to human survival in the oil region. The federal government formally declared gas flaring illegal since 1984, but multinational oil companies continue to treat compliance as a matter of convenience and not of necessity. Despite persistent protests against environmental degradation by the oil-producing communities, the refusal of the oil companies to end gas flaring and complicity of the government remained sources of concern. In the light of these, the study examines the crux of the gas flaring imbroglio, assesses the cost–benefits of gas flaring, and explores how gas emissions to the atmosphere have threatened human existence and ecological sustainability in the Niger Delta oil region. The study reiterates the urgency to enforce a zero-gas-flaring policy in Nigerian oil communities.
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Obi, Nkem, Alero Akuirene, Phillip Bwititi, Josiah Adjene, and Ezekiel Nwose. "Community health perspective of gas flaring on communities in Delta region of Nigeria: narrative review." International Journal of Scientific Reports 7, no. 3 (February 20, 2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20210547.

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<p>The Nigerian gas flares emit as many imaginable pollutants that cause several health concerns. However, there is no comprehensive study done on the health impact of gas flaring on humans in Delta state. Hence, this paper seeks to identify the risks associated with gas flaring in relation to human health and the knowledge of gas flaring in the communities of Delta region of Nigeria. Following a non-systematic approach to develop this narrative, <strong>s</strong>tudies that link various diseases such as hypertension, cancers, birth defects, diabetes, respiratory problems, cardiovascular and kidney disease to gas flaring in the region, the risk perception and the policies and regulations were examined. Findings from most of the papers reviewed show an association between gas flaring and the diseases identified and prevalence of most of the diseases in oil and gas communities compared to areas where gas flaring is not practiced. In conclusion, insufficient data on the prevalence and association of diseases such as hypertension, cancers, birth defects, diabetes, respiratory problems, cardiovascular and kidney disease with gas flaring were some of the gaps identified. These results necessitate the need for epidemiological studies on the health effects of gas flaring on humans.</p>
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Akuirene, Omatseye Alero, Josiah O. Adjene, Nkemdilim I. Obi, and Ezekiel Uba Nwose. "Impact of gas flaring in Ubeji metropolis of Delta State Nigeria: a comparative survey of environment health effects." International Journal of Scientific Reports 5, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20194249.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The impact of gas flaring in Ubeji metropolis, relative to other communities of Delta is of interest. This study assessed the environmental impact of gas flaring in Ubeji metropolis of Delta State. The objective of this study is to study the comparative assessment of the environmental impacts of gas flaring on five communities of unequal distance from gas flaring site.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Questionnaire survey was used to evaluate three research questions that included the level of knowledge in the survey communities regarding health impact of gas flaring; prevalence level of assessed health conditions in Ubeji metropolis relative to communities farther from or nearer to Warri gas flaring site; and perceived impact of gas flaring on air quality indicated by health and environmental toxicity indices. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Descriptive evaluation of data shows Ubeji appears to have the highest proportion of persons suffering respiratory problems, but the figure for family members is less than some other communities. The respondents nearer flaring site show more awareness compared to those farther away. Critical evaluation showed no directional change in prevalence of disease linked to gas flaring. There is linear relationship between ‘distance to gas flare site’ and ‘toxic impact on air quality’.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This report submits further data to the discourse that, on the basis of nearness to gas flaring site, there is significant difference between communities experience of environmental and health impact.</p><p> </p>
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Ismail, O. S., and G. E. Umukoro. "Global Impact of Gas Flaring." Energy and Power Engineering 04, no. 04 (2012): 290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/epe.2012.44039.

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Aregbe, Azeez G. "Natural Gas Flaring—Alternative Solutions." World Journal of Engineering and Technology 05, no. 01 (2017): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2017.51012.

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Mohammed, Sani Damamisau. "Clean development mechanism and carbon emissions in Nigeria." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 11, no. 3 (November 3, 2019): 523–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-05-2017-0041.

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Purpose Carbon emissions from gas flaring in the Nigerian oil and gas industry are both a national and international problem. Nigerian government policies to eliminate the problem 1960-2016 yielded little or no results. The Kyoto Protocol (KP) provides Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as an international market-based mechanism to reducing global carbon emissions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analytically highlight the potentials of CDM in eliminating carbon emissions in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviewed the historical background of Kyoto protocol, Nigerian Government policies to eliminating gas flaring in its oil and gas industry 1960-2016 and CDM projects in the industry. The effectiveness of the policies and CDM projects towards ending this problem were descriptively analysed. Findings Government policies towards eliminating gas flaring with its attendant carbon emissions appeared not to be yielding the desired results. However, projects registered under CDM in the industry looks effective in ending the problem. Research limitations/implications Therefore, the success recorded by CDM projects has the policy implication of encouraging Nigeria to engage on establishing more CDM projects that ostensibly proved effective in reducing CO2 emissions through gas flaring reductions in its oil and gas industry. Apparent effectiveness of studied CDM should provide a way forward for the country in eliminating gas flaring in its oil and gas industry which is also a global menace. Nigeria could achieve this by providing all needed facilitation to realising more CDM investments. Practical implications CDM as a policy has proved effective in eliminating gas flaring in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The government should adopt this international policy to achieve more gas flaring reductions. Social implications Social problems of respiratory diseases, water pollution and food shortage among others due to gas flaring are persisting in oil and gas producing areas as government policies failed to end the problem. CDM projects in the industry have proved effective in eliminating the problem, thus improving the social welfare of the people and ensuring sustainable development. Originality/value The paper analysed the effectiveness of Nigerian Government policies and an international market-based mechanism towards ending gas flaring in its oil and gas industry.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flaring gas"

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Abuhesa, Musa Bashir. "Investigation into gas flaring reduction in the oil and gas industry." Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30794/.

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Gas flaring is the burning of unwanted produced natural gas, which cannot be processed or sold during oil and gas production and processing operations. In past decades, gas flaring was believed to be environmentally tolerable. However, scientists have found that the flaring of gas is an impediment to the environment; this has led to attempting to tackle the problem of gas flaring to advance it to an acceptable level worldwide. In this study, two options were investigated for the utilisation of natural gas that was previously flared. The first option was a theoretical investigation of the use of ceramic perovskite membranes in a tubular reactor for the partial oxidation of methane (flare gas) to syngas. The H2/C product ratio of partial oxidation of methane is 2:1, which is suitable for Fischer-Tropch technology or methanol synthesis. It was found that this option is ideal for converting natural gas into synthesis gas (CO + H2), and it reduces capital and running costs, as these membranes are able to separate oxygen from the air stream with no need for an oxygen separation plant. The novelty of this approach is that the production of syngas using oxygen selective membranes can be achieved at the “Wellhead” with no requirement for the gas to be transported and a consequent reduction in transport costs. The second option was an experimental investigation in using spraying and atomisation techniques for the generation of carbon nanotubes, by spraying simulated catalyst solution droplets into a hydrocarbon gas stream (methane as a carbon source) using a novel “atomiser device” incorporating pressure swirl atomisers. The second part of the investigation was divided into two phases: Phase-I, which was implemented at the Spray Research Group laboratory at the University of Salford, involved a series of experiments which were undertaken to produce fine aerosol droplets that have a number mean diameter of less than or equal to 5 μm, which was successfully achieved. In this phase, water and air were used to simulate the metal catalyst and methane, respectively, which were used in Phase-II. Phase-II trials were implemented at the University of Oxford on a collaborative basis. A furnace was installed underneath of the Phase-I “atomiser device” and the stream of droplet particles fell down through the furnace (400 - 800o C). Reaction inside the furnace occurred to produce the Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) material. The preliminary results of the experiments in this Phase showed that it is possible to produce SWCNT. This investigation also considered an economic analysis of reducing gas flaring. A Visual Basic (VB) programme was developed to make a cost comparison between the proposed options and current conventional plants. The consideration of the economic analysis demonstrated that the cost of natural gas flaring exceeds those for syngas and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes production.
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Holford, Mark R. "An assessment of alternatives to flaring solution gas in Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0003/MQ34925.pdf.

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Nyong, Reuben. "EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF NATURAL GAS FLARING IN NIGERIA." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136511.

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The World Bank has set 2030 as the year for the cessation of routine natural gas flaring in countries concerned. Nigeria is among the most consistent natural gas flaring nations on earth and natural gas flaring remains an intractable negative externality for approximately six decades of crude oil exploration in the country. With a focus on the long run, we employ the Autoregressive Distribution Lag bounds test to cointegration approach to search for the determinants of natural gas flaring in Nigeria using secondary data from 1984-2013. Empirical result identified natural gas flaring penalty, crude oil production, natural gas price, natural gas marketization and lack of natural gas infrastructure as fundamental determinants of natural gas flaring in Nigeria. Crude oil production contributed the highest to the increase in natural gas flaring while natural gas marketization has the greatest impact on gas flaring abatement. The key conclusion from this paper is that the implementation of policies targeting optimal natural gas flaring can result in natural gas flaring mitigation in the long run and put Nigeria on the path towards meeting the 2030 World Bank deadline on cessation of routine natural gas flaring.
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Uvwie, Patrick Awaciere. "Nigeria's gas flaring reduction : economic viability of power generation using flared gas / P.A. Uvwie." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3697.

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Aghogin, Bemigho Victor. "Gas flaring, government policies and regulations in Nigeria : 2008, a myth or reality / V.B. Aghogin." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3633.

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The issue of gas flaring and the attendant environmental effects have become a common sight in the Niger Delta. Apart from being a wastage of natural resources, it is a menace to the global existence of man. The incidences of acid rain and the disruption of economic life of the locals, basically farming and fishing, have led to consistent and irresistible agitation by the people of the Niger Delta for an end to gas flaring. The consistent release of harmful gases through gas flaring, with devastating effect on the surrounding environment of the Niger Delta region is discussed in this work. This dissertation examines why successive governments have not succeeded in their quest for a solution to gas flaring; policies and regulations are not being effectively implemented, and why despite the fact that flaring has been outlawed in Nigeria since 1st January 1984, it is still going on 24 years after. Flaring continues unabated undermining the consequences it has on the people and the effects on climate change. Interviews and case studies were used to examine the factors responsible for the non implementation of government policies and regulations, and why the consistent extension of flare-out deadline. Countries with outstanding results were examined in order to draw a baseline for the Nigeria situation. The research revealed that the Nigerian government has not enforced environmental regulations effectively because of its interests in the business of the multinationals. In addition there has been the dependence of environmental monitoring and regulatory agencies on government funding. This has drastically affected the proficiencies of the control and the insignificant penalties imposed on companies that flare gas. The need for government to play the role of an umpire rather than business partner with the multinationals is therefore of paramount importance. It is also pertinent that the regulatory and monitoring agencies be independent of government's supervision. More stringent measures, (ranging from more cost per a thousand standard cubic feet of gas flared to closure of platform(s) and/or outright withdrawal of license), should also be put in place to serve as deterrent to erring oil companies.
Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Allison, Isaiah. "Techno-economic evaluation of associated gas usage for gas turbine power generation in the presence of degradation & resource decline." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9233.

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This research examined the technical and economic feasibility of harnessing flare gas emissions from oil fields. The outcome would provide the basis for a substantial re-utilization of this waste energy due to the current practice of flaring and use it alternatively as energy for powering oil fields, rural electrification and desalination. Nigeria is used as a case study. Burning fossil fuels have grave environmental impact, amidst increasing global concerns over harmful emissions. This research addresses resource decline and suggests divestment as a partial cure. The gas turbine is subject to degradation of its components as it is used. Though several methods of assessing gas turbine degradation have been developed with varying degrees of success, no one method has addressed issues pertaining to associated gas and its effects on degradation with divestment. Simulation of two single shaft, heavy duty industrial gas turbines; and three aero-derivative industrial gas turbines of the heavy medium and light capacity ranges were carried out for varying operating conditions, to ascertain the effects of degradation when run on associated gas. Thereafter, optimizations for the best power plant engine mix and the least cost of electricity were carried out. Genetic algorithm was used to assess a population of 10,000 individuals over 500 generations; convergence was achieved for different configurations of the five study engines at discount rates of 5% and 10%, over three power ranges. The divestment pattern starts with the lightest aero-derivative industrial gas turbine; the best power plant selection was limited to the two lightest aero-derivatives in the fleet, completely ignoring the heavy engines. A techno-economic, environmental and risk assessment model comprising performance, emission, economics and risk modules was successfully developed to assess gas turbine degradation with divestment. Using this tool, it was confirmed that associated gas usage resulted in degradation of gas turbine performance, an increase in gas collection as well as operation and maintenance costs. Also there was increasingly higher creep life consumption during slow, medium and fast degradation scenarios for both engine sets. The novel technical contribution of the research work therefore is the influence of degradation on the economic use of associated gas as fuel in gas turbine power generation; and the implementation of divestment in the face of fuel decline.
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Hassan, Aminu. "Corporate environmental accountability in the Nigerian oil and gas industry : the case of gas flaring." Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650276.

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Carbon dioxide emission due to associated natural gas flaring is among the major causes of climate change which affects the global environment adversely. Nigeria is rated as the country with second largest volume of associated natural gas being flared the world over. Dominant oil and gas companies being operated by foreign multinational oil companies have been responsible for over ninety percent of associated natural gas flaring in the Nigerian upstream sector. Aside from being waste of valuable energy resource, the damaging, environmental impact of gas flaring, along with the intense physical nature of the practice, is among the major causes of environmental-accountability-triggered conflict especially in the Niger Delta region of the country. With this in mind, this study aims at evaluating gas flaring-related environmental accountability of dominant companies operating in the upstream sector of the Nigerian oil and gas industry. This is carried out via the evaluation of gas flaring-related 'environmental performance' and 'environmental disclosure' individually and together within the same framework. Deductive research strategy underpinned by positivists' research philosophy is employed to facilitate the empirical conduct of the research. Consequently, five testable hypotheses were developed from three theories, namely, Environmental Kuznets Curve theory, Pollution Haven Hypothesis and Voluntary Disclosure Theory. Each of the five hypotheses is directly related to a specific objective, so that they can be the mechanisms for meeting the objectives. By virtue of its nature, objective six is the only objective that does not have a corresponding hypothesis. To test the five hypotheses and also explore objective six, a number of analytical tools were employed. They include DEA window analysis, content analysis, one sample hypothesis test for mean, correlated two sample Hest for means, Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) using Prais-Winsten regression and simple time-series Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression in the first difference. Results obtained enabled the documentation of important key findings. Thus, the study documents empirical evidence confirming that the elements of gas flaring-related environmental accountability, namely, 'environmental performance' and 'volumetric environmental disclosure' are adverse and inadequately low respectively; and that the relationship between them is significantly positive. The 'substance' of the disclosure is also found to be not superior. It is also found that dominant companies in the sector use 'specific' or 'hard' gas flaring-related information that gives positive reflection on their reputation to legitimise their associated gas flaring and production activities. All these support the evidence, provided in this study, that gas flaring-related environmental responsibility, reporting and, in general, accountability by dominant companies in the Nigerian upstream are poor. The significance of these major findings is evident in the empirical support they lend to Environmental Kuznets Curve theory, Pollution Haven theory and Voluntary Disclosure Theory in the context of a less developed country, and the confirmatory empirical evidence that 'consequentialism' is the dominant environmental moral philosophy in the Nigerian upstream sector. The significance of the findings is further indicated by providing evidence that change in gas flaring-related environmental performance is responsible for the undulating trends in the level of environmental disclosures by companies operating in less developed countries over time.
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Morakinyo, Barnabas Ojo. "Flaring and pollution detection in the Niger Delta using remote sensing." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4314.

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Through the Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR) initiative a substantial amount of effort and international attention has been focused on the reduction of gas flaring since 2002 (Elvidge et al., 2009). Nigeria is rated as the second country in the world for gas flaring, after Russia. In an attempt to reduce and eliminate gas flaring the federal government of Nigeria has implemented a number of gas flaring reduction projects, but poor governmental regulatory policies have been mostly unsuccessful in phasing it out. This study examines the effects of pollution from gas flaring using multiple satellite based sensors (Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+) with a focus on vegetation health in the Niger Delta. Over 131 flaring sites in all 9 states (Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross Rivers, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo and Rivers) of the Niger Delta region have been identified, out of which 11 sites in Rivers State were examined using a case study approach. Land Surface Temperature data were derived using a novel procedure drawing in visible band information to mask out clouds and identify appropriate emissivity values for different land cover types. In 2503 out of 3001 Landsat subscenes analysed, Land Surface Temperature was elevated by at least 1 ℃ within 450 m of the flare. The results from fieldwork, carried out at the Eleme Refinery II Petroleum Company and Onne Flow Station, are compared to the Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ data. Results indicate that Landsat data can detect gas flares and their associated pollution on vegetation health with acceptable accuracy for both Land Surface Temperature (range: 0.120 to 1.907 K) and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (sd ± 0.004). Available environmental factors such as size of facility, height of stack, and time were considered. Finally, the assessment of the impact of pollution on a time series analysis (1984 to 2013) of vegetation health shows a decrease in NDVI annually within 120 m from the flare and that the spatio-temporal variability of NDVI for each site is influenced by local factors. This research demonstrated that only 5 % of the variability in δLST and only 12 % of the variability in δNDVI, with distance from the flare stack, could be accounted for by the available variables considered in this study. This suggests that other missing factors (the gas flaring volume and vegetation speciation) play a significant role in the variability in δLST and δNDVI respectively.
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Okukpon, Irekpitan. "Phasing-Out Gas Flaring In Nigeria: A Critical Assessment of the Regulatory Regime." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7402.

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The rapid development of the global oil and gas industry has led to an increase in atmospheric emissions which is detrimental to the wider atmosphere. The flaring of gas during oil exploration and production (E & P) activities alarmingly contributes to the emission of green-house gases which contribute to climate change. The enactment of legislation with adequate provisions for the reduction and elimination of gas flaring from oil and gas activities is very important. Very few countries in the world (e.g. Canada) have been able to successfully eliminate the problem of gas flaring through conservation and the enactment of adequate legislation with stringent sanctions for defaulters who continue flaring. Nigeria is an example of a country with inadequate gas flaring laws. This thesis examines the effectiveness of regulatory regimes on gas flaring in Nigeria with a view to determining if the phase-out of the problem can be achieved. It stipulates that the provisions of the Associated Gas RE-Injection Act (AGRA) 1979 and its Regulations of 1984 are inadequate for the regulation and or elimination of gas flaring. It also advocates for the amendment of AGRA, the development of more effective laws on gas flaring and methods by which the gas being flared can be conserved in order to ensure a clean and healthy environment in Nigeria (particularly the Niger-Delta), free from gas flares.
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Fawole, Olusegun Gabriel. "Aerosol pollution from gas flaring emissions in the Niger Delta region of West Africa." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7134/.

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Gas flaring, the disposal of gas through stacks in an open-air flame, is a common feature in the processing of crude oil, especially in oil-rich regions of the world. The rates of emission of pollutants from gas flaring depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to, fuel composition and quantity, stack geometry, flame/combustion characteristics, and prevailing meteorological conditions. In this work, new estimated emission factors (EFs) for carbon-containing pollutants (excluding PAH) are derived for a specified subset of flame condition. The air pollution dispersion model, ADMS5, is used to simulate the dispersion of pollutants from gas-flaring stacks in the Niger delta. Fuel composition and flare size play significant role in the dispersion pattern and ground-level concentrations of pollutants. To assess the significance of gas-flaring to atmospheric aerosol loading, AERONET aerosol signals are clustered using trajectory analysis to identify dominant aerosol sources at the Ilorin site (4.34o E, 8.32o N) in West Africa. From 7-day back-trajectory calculations over a 10-year period calculated using the UK Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme (UGAMP) trajectory model, which is driven by analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), dominant sources are identified, using literature classifications: desert dust, biomass burning, and urban-industrial. Using a combination of synoptic trajectories and aerosol optical properties, a fourth source is distinguished: that due to gas flaring. An estimation of the relative impact of these different aerosol sources on the overall radiative forcing at the Ilorin AERONET site was the carried out.
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Books on the topic "Flaring gas"

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Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Industrial Gas Flaring Practices. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118671078.

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Alberta Energy and Utilities Board. Upstream petroleum industry flaring, incinerating, and venting: December 2002 draft. Calgary: Alberta Energy and Utilities Board, 2002.

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Johnston, Kevin. Policy review of solution gas flaring and conservation in Alberta. Calgary: Alberta Energy and Utilities Board, 1997.

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Clean Air Strategic Alliance. Flaring and Venting Project Team. Gas flaring and venting in Alberta: Report and recommendations for the upstream petroleum industry. Edmonton, AB: Clean Air Strategic Alliance, 2004.

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Upstream petroleum industry flaring and venting report: Industry performance for year ending December 31, 2008. Calgary, Alta: Energy Resources Conservation Board, 2009.

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Office, General Accounting. Offshore oil and gas: Final annual report on shut-in and flaring wells : report to the Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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Office, United States Government Accountability. Natural gas flaring and venting: Opportunities to improve data and reduce emissions : report to the Honorable Jeff Bingaman, Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Energy and Natural Resource, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2004.

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Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Industrial Gas Flaring Practices. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Industrial Gas Flaring Practices. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Industrial Gas Flaring Practices. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flaring gas"

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Soszyńska, Agnieszka. "FireBIRD Mission Data for Gas Flaring Analysis." In Image and Video Technology, 369–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92753-4_29.

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Akachukwu, Doris, Michael Adedapo Gbadegesin, Philippa Chinyere Ojimelukwe, and Christopher John Atkinson. "Biochar for Climate Change Adaptation: Effect on Heavy Metal Composition of Telfairia occidentalis Leaves." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1401–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_202.

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AbstractGas flaring is a key contributor of greenhouse gases that causes global warming and climate change. Adaptation measures for tackling impacts of climate change have gained much research interest. This chapter assessed vegetable farmers’ perception of gas flaring and the effect of biochar remediation on the heavy metal composition of cultivated Telfairia occidentalis. A gas-flared area, Ohaji/Egbema L.G.A of Imo State, and a non-gas-flared area, Umudike, Ikwuano L.G.A, were selected for this research. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 120 respondents. Soils were collected from the study sites and transported to the greenhouse. Five different rates, 0 t ha−1, 7.1 t ha−1, 13.9 t ha−1, 20.9 t ha−1, and 28.0 t ha−1, of palm bunch biochar were applied to the soils in plastic buckets. After 2 weeks of mineralization, two viable seeds of Telfairia occidentalis were planted in each bucket and watered every other day for 8 weeks. The result revealed that 63% of vegetable farmers where female, while 37% were male in the gas-flared area. A total of 97% of the farmers had knowledge of gas flaring. A total decrease of 55% percent income, 90% yield, and 67% market quality of vegetable farmers was attributed to gas-flared activities. The plant height of cultivated vegetables increased every 2 weeks with greater increase in the test plant. Heavy metal concentration (Pb, and Cr) decreased with increasing biochar rate and was significantly lower for 28.0 t ha−1. Biochar can enhance soil fertility and help immobilize heavy metals. The effect of biochar application on the heavy metal composition is dependent on the rate of application. Biochar use could be a cheap adaptation measure in the face of a changing climate.
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Vorobev, A., and E. Shchesnyak. "Associated Petroleum Gas Flaring: The Problem and Possible Solution." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 227–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22974-0_55.

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Alkaim, Ayad F., and Samaher Al_Janabi. "Multi Objectives Optimization to Gas Flaring Reduction from Oil Production." In Big Data and Networks Technologies, 117–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23672-4_10.

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"Appendix: Properties Data." In Industrial Gas Flaring Practices, 241–55. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118671078.app1.

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"Principles of Combustion." In Industrial Gas Flaring Practices, 1–21. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118671078.ch1.

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"Overview of Flares and Gas Flaring Practices." In Industrial Gas Flaring Practices, 23–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118671078.ch2.

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"Overview of Disposal Systems and Relief Headers." In Industrial Gas Flaring Practices, 59–74. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118671078.ch3.

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"Flare Types." In Industrial Gas Flaring Practices, 75–101. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118671078.ch4.

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"Remote Sensing and Monitoring." In Industrial Gas Flaring Practices, 103–11. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118671078.ch5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flaring gas"

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Al-Otaibi, Faisal, Adnan Eid Al Adwani, and Maher Mustafa Nour. "KOC 1% Gas Flaring Target." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/11394-ms.

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Al-Otaibi, M. F., A. E. Al-Adwani, and M. M. Nour. "KOC 1% Gas Flaring Target." In IPTC 2007: International Petroleum Technology Conference. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.147.iptc11394.

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Tarmoom, Ihab Othman. "Gas Conservation and Flaring Minimisation." In Middle East Oil Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/53321-ms.

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Al-Otaibi, Faisal, Adnan Eid Al Adwani, and Maher Mustafa Nour. "KOC 1% Gas Flaring Target." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-11394-ms.

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Al-Zuwayer, Hamad R., Vineet Singhal, and Nasser Y. Al-Sughayer. "KOC Flaring Success Story." In SPE Kuwait Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/175404-ms.

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Kundić, Tomislav, Lars Hernquist, and James E. Gunn. "Flaring of gas in galactic disks." In Back to the Galaxy. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.43945.

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Anosike, Chikaodi R. "Unhealthy Effects of Gas Flaring and Wayforward to Actualize the Stopping of Gas Flaring in Nigeria." In Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/136970-ms.

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Abdulhakeem, Salaudeen Olayinka, and Amadi Chinevu. "Gas Flaring in Nigeria: Impacts and Remedies." In SPE African Health, Safety, Security, and Environment and Social Responsibility Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/170211-ms.

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Akpojivi, Raymond, and Peter Akumagba. "Impact Of Gas Flaring On Soil Fertility." In SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/93666-ms.

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Al-bidaiwi, Misfer Saleh, Mirza Shoaib Beg, and Mubarak Ibrahim Al-Muhannadi. "Gas Flaring Reduction Initiatives in Dukhan oil & Gas Fields." In SPE International Production and Operations Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/156116-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Flaring gas"

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Skone, Timothy J. Natural Gas Venting and Flaring. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509098.

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Skone, Timothy J. Natural Gas Extraction Condensate Tank Venting and Flaring. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509412.

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Skone, Timothy J. Venting and Flaring of Gas from Vapor Recovery Unit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509465.

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Boden, T. A., G. Marland, and R. J. Andres. Estimates of global, regional, and national annual CO{sub 2} emissions from fossil-fuel burning, hydraulic cement production, and gas flaring: 1950--1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/207068.

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Brenkert, A. L., R. J. Andres, G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews. Geographic patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel burning, hydraulic cement production, and gas flaring on a one degree by one degree grid cell basis: 1950 to 1990. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/666249.

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