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Journal articles on the topic 'Flash floods'
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1
Bonacci, O., I. Ljubenkov, and T. Roje-Bonacci. "Karst flash floods: an example from the Dinaric karst (Croatia)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2006): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-195-2006.
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Abstract. Flash floods constitute one of the deadliest and costliest natural disasters worldwide. This paper explains the karst flash flood phenomenon, which represents a special kind of flash flood. As the majority of flash floods karst flash floods are caused by intensive short-term precipitation in an area whose surface rarely exceeds a few square kilometres. The characteristics of all flash floods are their short duration, small areal extent, high flood peaks and rapid flows, and heavy loss of life and property. Karst flash floods have specific characteristics due to special conditions for water circulation, which exist in karst terrains. During karst flash floods a sudden rise of groundwater levels occurs, which causes the appearance of numerous, unexpected, abundant and temporary karst springs. This paper presents in detail an example of a karst flash flood in the Marina bay (Dinaric karst region of Croatia), which occurred in December 2004.
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Li, Qing, Yu Li, Lingyun Zhao, Zhixiong Zhang, Yu Wang, and Meihong Ma. "Comprehensive Risk Assessment Framework for Flash Floods in China." Water 16, no. 4 (February 19, 2024): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16040616.
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Accurately assessing the risk of flash floods is a fundamental prerequisite for defending against flash flood disasters. The existing methods for assessing flash flood risk are constrained by unclear key factors and challenges in elucidating disaster mechanisms, resulting in less-than-ideal early warning effectiveness. This article is based on official statistics of flash flood disaster data from 2017 to 2021. It selects eight categories of driving factors influencing flash floods, such as rainfall, underlying surface conditions, and human activities. Subsequently, a geographical detector is utilized to analyze the explanatory power of each driving factor in flash flood disasters, quantifying the contribution of each factor to the initiation of flash flood; the flash flood potential index (FFPI) was introduced to assess the risk of flash flood disasters in China, leading to the construction of a comprehensive assessment framework for flash flood risk. The results indicate that (1) Flash floods are generally triggered by multiple factors, with rainfall being the most influential factor, directly causing flash floods. Soil type is the second most influential factor, and the combined effects of multiple factors intensify the risk of flash floods. (2) The southeastern, southern, and southwestern regions of China are considered high-risk areas for flash floods, with a high danger level, whereas the northwestern, northern, and northeastern plain regions exhibit a lower danger level. The above research results provide reference and guidance for the prevention and control of flash flood disasters.
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Moy de Vitry, Matthew, Simon Dicht, and João P. Leitão. "floodX: urban flash flood experiments monitored with conventional and alternative sensors." Earth System Science Data 9, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-657-2017.
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Abstract. The data sets described in this paper provide a basis for developing and testing new methods for monitoring and modelling urban pluvial flash floods. Pluvial flash floods are a growing hazard to property and inhabitants' well-being in urban areas. However, the lack of appropriate data collection methods is often cited as an impediment for reliable flood modelling, thereby hindering the improvement of flood risk mapping and early warning systems. The potential of surveillance infrastructure and social media is starting to draw attention for this purpose. In the floodX project, 22 controlled urban flash floods were generated in a flood response training facility and monitored with state-of-the-art sensors as well as standard surveillance cameras. With these data, it is possible to explore the use of video data and computer vision for urban flood monitoring and modelling. The floodX project stands out as the largest documented flood experiment of its kind, providing both conventional measurements and video data in parallel and at high temporal resolution. The data set used in this paper is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.830513.
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Nguyen Van Ha, Tran Dang Hung, Doan Tran Anh, Giang Hoang Hiep, Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang, and Doan Ha Phong. "APPLICATION OF GIS AND REMOTE SENSING FOR MAPPING FLASH FLOOD RISE IN HOA BINH PROVINCE UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONTEXT." Tạp chí Khoa học Biến đổi khí hậu, no. 23 (December 28, 2022): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55659/2525-2496/23.75013.
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Hoa Binh is one of the provinces strongly suffering from natural disasters, especially flash floods. High slope mountainous terrains, reduced vegetation cover and unfavorable weather conditions form favorable conditions for flash floods to occur. This article develops a map of flash flood risk zoning in Hoa Binh using remote sensing and GIS technology. First, the factors affecting the risk of flash floods are identified, and each factor is classified based on the level of influence, then proceed to overlay the component maps causing flash floods. Factors affecting flash flood risk include: Slope, soil type, land use type, forest cover density and rain. As a result, areas at risk of flash floods are identified with 3 level: High, medium and low. This information can be used as a basis for forecasting areas at high risk of flash floods in the province.
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Nguyen, Duyen Thi My, and Hai Quang Ha. "Flash floods potential area mapping at Huong Khe district, Ha Tinh prov." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T4 (December 31, 2017): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it4.487.
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Ha Tinh is one of the provinces most affected by natural hazards, especially flash floods. Sloping hilly terrain conditions, reduced covering density of forest and unfavorable weather conditions are potential hazards to flash floods. Flash floods potential area mapping at Huong Khe district, Ha Tinh province was carried out using Remote Sensing and GIS technologies. Factors causing flash floods was indentified and classified basing n their afecting level. Component maps of flash flood–causing factors were overlayed. Factors causing flash floods as noted by Greg Smith included: slope, soil type, forms of using land, covering density of forest. Potential areas of flash floods and the potential level of each part were indentified. The resulted maps can be used for forecasting risk regions of flash floods at the district.
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Liu, Yesen, Yaohuan Huang, Jinhong Wan, Zhenshan Yang, and Xiaolei Zhang. "Analysis of Human Activity Impact on Flash Floods in China from 1950 to 2015." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010217.
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An early warning of a flash flood is essential to prevent the general public from the hazardous flooding events, however, the rapid variation of human activities has led to the uncertainty of risk in prone areas. The lack of a systematic record of flash flood events introduces challenges to flash flood-related research. Herein, we map spatial and temporal variations in flash floods in China from 1950 to 2015 and establish a general ordered logit model in a geographic information environment to estimate the association between the occurrence of flash flood events and natural conditions and the variation of human activities at the watershed level. The results showed that precipitation is an important cause of flash flooding, and demonstrate that anthropogenic intervention (heavy rainfall, density of villages, and vegetation cover) in the environment affect the likelihood of flash floods. We found that the likelihood of flash floods in China may increase with the air quality worsening and that the occurrence of flash floods is strongly correlated with vegetation cover. Our findings suggest a need for further investigation of the link between air quality and flash flooding in flood-prone areas.
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Bin, Lingling, Weichao Yang, and Kui Xu. "Driving Force Exploration for Flash Flood Based on Mann–Kendall Test and Geographical Detector: A Case Study of Hainan Island, China." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 17, 2023): 12517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612517.
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Flash floods are among the deadliest hazards in China and have led to substantial casualties and losses, especially on Hainan Island. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the main driving force behind them. Nevertheless, research on the driving force of flash floods is limited here. This study explores the driving force of flash floods on Hainan Island from 14 factors involving three categories: natural, social, and rainfall factors. Two quantitative methods, like the Mann–Kendall test and the geographical detector method, are applied. The Mann–Kendall test is usually used for time series trend analysis and is introduced to divide the flash flood periods into D95 (years from 1980 to 1995) and D14 (years from 1996 to 2014) through the results of reported flash flood trend analysis. The geographical detector is applied to analyze the driving force of flash floods. There are several key findings from this study that help better understand the driving force about flash floods. Firstly, the results show that the main driving forces of flash floods are natural factors like Elevation and Soil in both periods, and they are on the rise. Secondly, the influence of short-term heavy rainfall on flash floods is becoming more and more serious. Thirdly, even though the driving forces from social factors to flash floods are small, the impact of population density on that is significantly increasing.
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Jessup, Stephen M., and Arthur T. DeGaetano. "A Statistical Comparison of the Properties of Flash Flooding and Nonflooding Precipitation Events in Portions of New York and Pennsylvania." Weather and Forecasting 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007waf2006066.1.
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Abstract Flash floods reported for the forecast area of the National Weather Service Forecast Office at Binghamton, New York (BGM), are compared with similar significant precipitation and flash flood watch events not corresponding to flash flood reports. These event types are characterized by measures of surface hydrological conditions, surface and upper-air variables, thermodynamic properties, and proxies for synoptic-scale features. Flash flood and nonflood events are compared quantitatively via discriminant analysis and cross validation, and qualitatively via scatterplots and composite soundings. Results are presented in the context of a flash flood checklist used at BGM prior to this study. Flash floods and nonfloods are found to differ most significantly in antecedent soil moisture. The wind direction at 850 hPa shows differences between flood and nonflood events, with flooding more common for an easterly to southeasterly direction and nonflooding more common for a northwesterly direction. Southwesterly wind direction is characteristic of both types. In general, nonflooding significant precipitation events are more commonly associated with a better-defined ridge axis of relatively high 850-hPa equivalent potential temperature and larger convective available potential energy as compared to the flash flood events. Several parameters included on the BGM flash flood checklist, though effective at distinguishing significant precipitation events and flash floods from random events, were found to be unable to separate flash floods from nonflooding significant rain events.
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Asaly, Saed, Lee-Ad Gottlieb, Yoav Yair, Colin Price, and Yuval Reuveni. "Predicting Eastern Mediterranean Flash Floods Using Support Vector Machines with Precipitable Water Vapor, Pressure, and Lightning Data." Remote Sensing 15, no. 11 (June 2, 2023): 2916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15112916.
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Flash floods in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) region are considered among the most destructive natural hazards, which pose a significant challenge to model due to their high complexity. Machine learning (ML) methods have made a significant contribution to the advancement of flash flood prediction systems by providing cost-effective solutions with improved performance, enabling the modeling of the complex mathematical expressions underlying physical processes of flash floods. Thus, the development of ML methods for flash flood prediction holds the potential to mitigate risks, inform policy recommendations, minimize loss of human life, and reduce property damage caused by flash floods. Here, we present a novel approach for improving flash flood predictions in the EM region using Support Vector Machines (SVMs) with a combination of precipitable water vapor (PWV) data, derived from ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers, along with surface pressure measurements, and nearby lightning occurrence data to predict flash floods in an arid region of the EM. The SVM model was trained on historical data from 2004 to 2019 and was used to forecast the likelihood of flash floods in the region. The study found that integrating nearby lightning data with the other variables significantly improved the accuracy of flash flood prediction compared to using only PWV and surface pressure measurements. The results of the SVM model were validated using observed flash flood events, and the model was found to have a high predictive accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93 for the test set. The study provides valuable insights into the potential of utilizing a combination of meteorological and lightning data for improving flash flood forecasting in the Eastern Mediterranean region.
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Akter, N., MR Islam, MA Karim, MG Miah, and MM Rahman. "Impact of Flash Floods On Agri-based Livelihoods In Sylhet Haor Basin." Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture 26, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aba.v26i1.67019.
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Bangladesh is most vulnerable to natural disasters and climate change. Over the past few decades, flash floods have frequently affected the livelihood of people in the Sylhet Haor Basin. This study highlights the causes of increased flash floods, their impact on farming practices and livelihoods, and possible solutions to flash flood risk in the Sylhet Haor Basin. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire from randomly selected 298 Haor farmers in high and moderately vulnerable flash flood zones across the Haor region during November 2021 and April 2022. In moderately vulnerable areas, the lack of rivers and canal dredging was the main factor contributing to flash flood deterioration. Index scores and ranks revealed that flash floods most severely affect the primary production sector (agriculture) and threaten the lives and livelihoods of the local populace in high- and moderately flood-prone areas. After the severe flash flood, farmers were forced to turn to other occupations instead of agriculture for their livelihood. To reduce the impact of flash floods on particular features or entire wetlands, most farmers preferred the construction of embankments over sandbags, concrete or stone dams, submergible embankments, and rubber dams. For flash flood risk management, farmers in high- and moderately flash flood-vulnerable areas emphasize the construction of higher dams and embankments and the installation of more flood barriers (dams/embankments). The concerned flash flood management agencies could incorporate the key findings of this study while formulating risk mitigation strategies for the Sylhet Haor Basin. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2022) 26 (1) : 61-73
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Baharinawati, Baharinawati Wilhan Hastanti, and Freddy Jontara Hutapea Freddy. "Analysis of Vulnerability Levels to the Flash Flood Based on Social Economic and Institutional Factors in Wasior, Teluk Wondama, West Papua." Jurnal Wasian 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.62142/d0bss916.
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One form of disaster mitigation is to know the vulnerability of areas that are at risk of disaster socially and economically. Studies on vulnerability to flash floods are necessary, as it might prevent material losses and fatalities. Wasior District at Teluk Wondama Regency experienced a flash flood in 2010 causing negative impacts such as fatalities and large material losses. To anticipate flash floods that might occur in the future, studies to evaluate the vulnerability to the flash flood are needed. This study aimed to: 1) analyze the level of vulnerability to flash floods in Wasior based on socioeconomic factors post the 2010 flash floods, 2) analyze the level of vulnerability to flash floods in Wasior based on institutional factors. The method used in this study was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection was conducted by observation, interview, and documentation. Data were analyzed by: 1) identifying the socioeconomic indicators of the community and institutions around the watershed, 2) providing weighting scores to the social economic criteria and institutional criteria from the most vulnerable to the least vulnerable, 3) assessing the level of community and institution vulnerabilities in the study site to the impact of flash floods based on the calculation of the weighting scores of socio-economic and institutional indicators. The results showed that the level of socioeconomic vulnerability to flash floods were categorized as moderate (total score 2.084), while the level of institutional vulnerability was low (total score 2.251). The results of this study can be used as a basis for considerations in the implementation of flash flood mitigation in Wasior.
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Khan, Muhammad Barkat Ali, and Atta-ur-Rahman. "Extent and Evaluation of Flash Flood Resilience in Mountainous Communities of Daral and Chail Valleys, District Swat, Pakistan." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 59, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(59-1)618.
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This study aimed to explore the extent and evaluation of flash flood resilience in mountainous communities of Daral and Chail valleys of Swat. After collecting data from primary and secondary sources, the parameters of Disaster Resilience Capacity (DRC) model was applied for data analysis. The analysis reveals that stream discharge increases during summer mainly because of the rapid melting of snow, ice, glaciers and monsoonal rains, which results in flash floods. The communities living in the mountainous areas of Daral and Chail valleys face problems of multitudes of socio-economic and infrastructural flash flood damages almost every year. However, limited communities have adopted indigenous resilience strategies to bounce back from the recurrent adverse impacts of flash floods. It was found from the analysis that due to indigenous resilience practices by the local communities and the location of most mountainous communities, Daral valley is more resilient to flash floods as compared to Chail valley. Contrary to this, the extent and level of flash flood resilience in Chail valley are low as most of the mountainous communities are more vulnerable to seasonal flash floods. Some wise practices can enhance resilience to flash floods, especially land use planning, community preparedness, afforestation, and improved accessibility and communications.
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Halásová, Olga, and Rudolf Brázdil. "Flash floods in Moravia and Silesia during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries." Geografie 125, no. 2 (2020): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125020117.
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A range of documentary evidence and systematic meteorological/hydrological observations were employed to create a database of flash floods for Moravia and Silesia (the eastern part of Czechia) in the 19th and 20th centuries. The data extracted were used for an analysis of the spatiotemporal variability of flash floods, based on the frequency of days with flash floods and the number of municipalities affected. The dynamic climatology of flash floods was interpreted using the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute classification of synoptic types. Descriptions of flash-flood-related damage enabled their further division into six different types. Examples of three outstanding flash floods are described in more detail. All interpreted results are discussed with respect to spatiotemporal data uncertainty and their national and broader central European context. Flash floods constitute significant extreme natural events in Moravia and Silesia; knowledge of them, and more detailed investigation, are important to risk reduction.
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Kuksina, L. V., P. A. Beljakova, V. N. Golosov, E. Ju Zhdanova, M. M. Ivanov, and A. L. Gurinov. "Stochastic Parameters of Flash Floods Formation in the North of the Black Sea Coast." Известия Русского географического общества 155, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869607123020064.
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Abstract—Flash floods are one of the most dangerous hydrometeorological events all over the World. In the current paper stochastic parameters of flash floods formation are studied on the basis of data on flash floods in 1990–2021 in the small river basins of the Caucasus and Crimea Black Sea Coast. The main factor of flash floods formation is heavy rain, but in some cases its occurrence could depend on critical combination of various factors. Flash floods are usually formed in summer-autumn period in the studied region with the maximum of observed events in August. They are characterised by very rapid water level rise of about 1.2–1.3 m/h. Sediment yield during one flash flood could be compared with mean annual values. Statistical analysis of precipitation long ranges demonstrates probability of more often flash floods occurrence in the region in comparison with observed events.
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Trần Đức, Văn. "APPLICATION GIS AND REMOTE SENSINGTO ESTABLISH FLASH FLOOD HAZARD MAP IN TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE." SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY 7, no. 21 (July 29, 2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51453/2354-1431/2021/517.
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Tuyen Quang is one of the provinces at high risk of flash floods in the Northern Midlands and Mountains of Vietnam. In the rainy season, like other localities in the region, Tuyen Quang has a long, concentrated rainfall combined with steep hills and mountains, large divisions, many rivers, and streams; In addition, the thinning of the vegetation cover due to excessive exploitation of the forest by the local people causes flash floods to appear more and more. Applying GIS and remote sensing to establish a map of flash flood risk is a quantitative approach and high reliability. This article has established a flash flood hazard map at a scale of 1/100,000 in Tuyen Quang province. In the map database, districts with a high risk of flash flood were identified, including Na Hang, Chiem Hoa, Ham Yen, and Lam Binh, the average flash flood hazard level included districts: Yen Son, Son Duong; Tuyen Quang city has a low risk of flash floods.
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Arghiuş, V., A. Ozunu, I. Samara, and G. Roşian. "Results of the post flash-flood disaster investigations in the Transylvanian Depression (Romania) during the last decade (2001–2010)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 3 (March 4, 2014): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-535-2014.
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Abstract. Flash-flood disasters are very rare in the Transylvanian Depression. In the last decades just three events were signalled in the study area, all of them during the last 10 years. The flash floods occurring in the study area during the last decade had a significant impact on several localities situated at the Transylvanian Depression border. Based on the post flash-flood investigation, the present study intends to find out the main characteristics of the flash floods and the causes that have led to disasters in a region rarely affected by such kinds of events. Analyzing the hydrological data, it has been seen that the maximum intensity of the flash floods was observed in the upper and middle basins. By comparing the unit peak discharges from the studied region with other specific peak discharges related to the significant flash floods from Romania, it was noticed that the events from the Transylvanian Depression have moderate to low intensity. On the other hand, the results showed that besides high stream power and unexpected character common to flash floods, the inappropriate flood risk management measures increased the dimension of the negative effects, leading to tens of lives lost and economical damages of tens of millions of dollars.
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Arghiuş, V., A. Ozunu, I. Samara, and G. Roşian. "Results of the post flash-flood disaster investigations in the Transylvanian Depression (Romania) during the last decade (2001–2010)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 6 (November 5, 2013): 6199–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-6199-2013.
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Abstract. Flash flood disasters are very rare in the Transylvanian Depression. In the last decades just three events were signalled in the study area, all of them during the last 10 yr. The flash floods occurring in the study area during the last decade had a significant impact on several localities situated at the Transylvanian Depression border. Based on the post flash flood investigation, the present study intends to find out the main characteristics of the flash-floods and the causes that have led to disasters in a region rarely affected by such kind of events. Analyzing the hydrological data, has been seen that the maximum intensity of the flash floods was observed in the upper and middle basins. By comparing the unit peak discharges from the studied region with other specific peak discharges related to the significant flash floods from Romania, it was noticed that the events from the Transylvanian Depression have moderate to low intensity. On the other hand, the results showed that beside high stream power and unexpected character common to flash floods, the inappropriate flood risk management measures increased the dimension of negative effects, leading to tens of life losses and economical damages of tens million dollars.
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Zhang, Pan, Weiying Sun, Peiqing Xiao, Wenyi Yao, and Guobin Liu. "Driving Factors of Heavy Rainfall Causing Flash Floods in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River: A Case Study in the Wuding River Basin, China." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 8004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138004.
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In the context of climate change, extreme rainfall events have greatly increased the frequency and risk of flash floods in the Yellow River Basin. In this study, the heavy rainfall and flash flood processes were studied as a system. Taking the driving factors of the heavy rainfall causing the flash floods as the main focus, the key factors of the heavy rainfall causing typical flash flood processes were identified, and the driving mechanism by which the heavy rainfall caused flash floods was revealed. Through comparative analysis of the rainfall related to 13 floods with peak discharges of greater than 2000 m3/s since measurements began at Baijiachuan hydrological station, it was found that different rainfall factors played a major driving role in the different flood factors. The factor that had the largest impact on the peak discharge was the average rainfall intensity; the factor that had the largest impact on the flood volume was the rainfall duration; and the factor that had the largest impact on the sediment volume was the maximum 1 h rainfall. The ecological construction of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau has had obvious peak-cutting and sediment-reducing effects on the flood processes driven by medium- and low-intensity rainfall events, but for high-intensity flash floods, the flood-reducing and sediment-reducing effects of these projects have been smaller. Therefore, despite the background of continuous ecological improvement on the Loess Plateau, the possibility of floods with large sediment loads occurring in the middle reaches of the Yellow River still exists.
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Younis, J., S. Anquetin, and J. Thielen. "The benefit of high-resolution operational weather forecasts for flash flood warning." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 1 (February 12, 2008): 345–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-345-2008.
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Abstract. In Mediterranean Europe, flash flooding is one of the most devastating hazards in terms of human life loss and infrastructures. Over the last two decades, flash floods brought losses of a billion Euros of damage in France alone. One of the problems of flash floods is that warning times are very short, leaving typically only a few hours for civil protection services to act. This study investigates if operationally available shortrange numerical weather forecasts together with a rainfall-runoff model can be used as early indication for the occurrence of flash floods. One of the challenges in flash flood forecasting is that the watersheds are typically small and good observational networks of both rainfall and discharge are rare. Therefore, hydrological models are difficult to calibrate and the simulated river discharges cannot always be compared with ground "truth". The lack of observations in most flash flood prone basins, therefore, lead to develop a method where the excess of the simulated discharge above a critical threshold can provide the forecaster with an indication of potential flood hazard in the area with leadtimes of the order of the weather forecasts. This study is focused on the Cévennes-Vivarais region in the Southeast of the Massif Central in France, a region known for devastating flash floods. The critical aspects of using numerical weather forecasting for flash flood forecasting are being described together with a threshold – exceedance. As case study the severe flash flood event which took place on 8–9 September 2002 has been chosen. The short-range weather forecasts, from the Lokalmodell of the German national weather service, are driving the LISFLOOD model, a hybrid between conceptual and physically based rainfall-runoff model. Results of the study indicate that high resolution operational weather forecasting combined with a rainfall-runoff model could be useful to determine flash floods more than 24 hours in advance.
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Xiong, Junnan, Quan Pang, Chunkun Fan, Weiming Cheng, Chongchong Ye, Yunliang Zhao, Yuanrong He, and Yifan Cao. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Force Analysis of Flash Floods in Fujian Province." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (February 23, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020133.
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Flash floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters. The comprehensive identification of the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of a flash flood is the basis for the scientific understanding of the formation mechanism and the distribution characteristics of flash floods. In this study, we explored the spatiotemporal patterns of flash floods in Fujian Province from 1951 to 2015. Then, we analyzed the driving forces of flash floods in geomorphic regions with three different grades based on three methods, namely, geographical detector, principal component analysis, and multiple linear regression. Finally, the sensitivity of flash floods to the gross domestic product, village point density, annual maximum one-day precipitation (Rx1day), and annual total precipitation from days > 95th percentile (R95p) was analyzed. The analytical results indicated that (1) The counts of flash floods rose sharply from 1988, and the spatial distribution of flash floods mainly extended from the coastal low mountains, hills, and plain regions of Fujian (IIA2) to the low-middle mountains, hills, and valley regions in the Wuyi mountains (IIA4) from 1951 to 2015. (2) From IIA2 to IIA4, the impact of human activities on flash floods was gradually weakened, while the contribution of precipitation indicators gradually strengthened. (3) The sensitivity analysis results revealed that the hazard factors of flash floods in different periods and regions had significant differences in Fujian Province. Based on the above results, it is necessary to accurately forecast extreme precipitation and improve the economic development model of the IIA2 region.
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Popescu, Cristian, and Dumitriu Cristian Ștefan. "Study of Susceptibility to Flash Floods in the Vărbilău River Catchment." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2021-0008.
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Abstract Identification of areas susceptible to flash floods is essential to establish measures that will help the population in case of a hazard. Therefore, the purpose of the present article is to identify the areas that present a high susceptibility to flash-floods in the Vărbilău catchment. The area, located in the Prahova region, was chosen due to the complexity of the hydrological phenomena. To determine the susceptibility to flash floods, the Flash Flood Susceptibility Index (FFSI) was calculated by integrating ten factors that play an essential role in the flash floods formation. Areas located downstream and in the middle of Vărbilău basin present a low risk, while locations in the northwest (upstream of Luţu Roşu and Scurteşti) present a high risk to flash-floods due to steep slope, narrow valleys, solid rocks, and land use.
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Coles, Ashley R., and Katherine K. Hirschboeck. "Driving into Danger: Perception and Communication of Flash-Flood Risk." Weather, Climate, and Society 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0082.1.
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AbstractFloods, particularly urban flash floods, frequently disrupt traffic, constraining mobility and exposing motorists to danger. Flood risk managers educate the public on the dangers of driving through flooded roadways, yet losses to life and property continue to occur. This study integrates cultural psychology and risk perception theory to explore how cultural and situational factors influence motorists’ behavior during flash floods. Flood risk managers in Tucson, Arizona, collaborated in the development of a questionnaire mailed to local residents in 2007. Self-reported levels of trust, self-efficacy, social incorporation, and situational factors were analyzed with respect to whether respondents stated that they have or have not driven through a flooded roadway. Respondents demonstrate complex reasoning when confronted with flooded roadways, rather than simple or consistent risk-taking or risk-avoidance behaviors. Participants indicate high levels of trust in official warning messages and share information about floods within their social networks, highlighting the success of education campaigns. However, flood conditions are not always clear, so motorists seek additional sources of information and weigh the dangers against other situational factors on a case-by-case basis. Factors that influence respondents’ decisions include the prior successful crossing of other vehicles, presence of signs and barricades, presence of passengers, risk of personal injury or damage to the vehicle, and the availability of flood-related information. The results also show that individuals who know how to avoid floods, including by asking others for advice, are less likely to enter flooded roadways, and thus communicating further instructions will empower more motorists to avoid danger.
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Yaseen, Muhammad, Farman Ullah, Supawan Visetnoi, Shoukat Ali, and Shahab E. Saqib. "Does the Nature of Floods Matter in the Risk Perception of Households? A Comparative Assessment among the Rural Households Prone to Flash and Riverine Floods in Pakistan." Water 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030504.
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Floods have caused major losses and damages to people, infrastructure, and the environment. This study aims to assess the risk perception of households prone to riverine and flash floods and the perceived damages to infrastructure and livelihoods. Data were collected from 382 households through a questionnaire survey and analyzed using chi-squared and t-tests. Overall, risk perception was higher for riverine floods. Similarly, ‘flood coping capacities’, ‘livelihood disruption’, ‘change in lifestyle/adjusting to floods’, and ‘change in the relationship’ were also high for riverine floods and statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The ‘likelihood of future flood damages’ perception was higher for flash floods (mean values: 0.913 vs. 0.779), while the ‘infrastructural damages’ showed the same results. The perceptions of ‘livelihoods’ and perceived ‘economic loss’ were greater for riverine floods (p-value < 0.05). The perceptions of ‘livestock damages’ and ‘household damages’ were higher for flash floods.
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Barrera, A., M. Barriendos, and M. C. Llasat. "Extreme flash floods in Barcelona County." Advances in Geosciences 2 (May 2, 2005): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-2-111-2005.
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Abstract. In this paper the catastrophic and extraordinary floods occurring in Barcelona County (Catalonia, NE Spain) are studied, in order to characterise the temporal evolution of extreme flash floods in that area and their main features. These events usually cause economical losses and major problems for undertaking daily activity in Barcelona city. This kind of floods is a very common feature in the North-east of Spain and they are recorded every year in some point of Catalonia. This contribution also shows the frequency of those events, within the framework of all the floods that have occurred in Barcelona since the 14th century, but also describes the flooded area, urban evolution, impacts and the weather conditions for any of most severe events. The evolution of flood occurrence shows the existence of oscillations in the earlier and later modern age periods that can be attributed to climatic variability, evolution of the perception threshold and changes in vulnerability. A great increase of vulnerability can be assumed for the period 1850-1900. The analysis of the time evolution for the Barcelona rainfall series (1854-2000) shows that no trend exists, although, due to the changes in urban planning, flash-floods impact has changed over this time. The number of catastrophic flash floods has diminished, although the extraordinary ones have increased.
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Putra, Dekka Dhirgantara, Bahrul Fikry Sofwany, Hukma Zulfinanda, and Iqbal Kamaruddin. "Flash flood (Δ) risk and damage assessment in batu, East Java." Jurnal Teknosains 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.78483.
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Hydrometeorological disasters are showing an increasing trend in Indonesia. Flash floods are part of a hydrometeorological disaster that has a significant livelihood impact. Flash Flood is triggered by the intensity of extreme rain, several actions of mitigation can be taken by early warning systems, hazard and risk mapping, community preparedness, and climate change adaptation. So, how does future land use have an impact, and how much loss will result from the flash flood disaster in Batu City? The hydrometeorological disaster that occurred in Indonesia was the Batu Flash Flood. The Flash Flood occurred on November 4, 2021. The flash flood has a lot of impact on many locations, including the Bumiaji District and Junrejo District. Based on the disaster history recorded, the flash flood in Batu has only happened once, but the impact was quite big because there are many houses in the midstream of Bulukerto. Based on the losses caused, this can be the basis for efforts to control the spatial pattern of Batu City in the future. The methodology used in this study is risk assessment. While the risk study related to delta (Δ) the study of flash floods risk in spatiotemporal prevention uses the 2030 spatial plan for delta prediction (Δ), which can later predict the consequences of climate change and meteorological disasters from flash floods in Batu. The results of this study are the delta (Δ) of flash flood risk and the damage assessment of the flash flood that occurred in Batu.
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Jovanović, Dušica. "Application of the Flash Flood Potential Index in torrential floods risk assessment (FFPI): A case study of Svilajnac municipality." Zbornik radova - Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, no. 71 (2023): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrgfub2371065j.
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This paper analyses areas at risk of torrential floods in the municipality of Svilajnac. Flash floods are very important from the aspect of environmental protection and disaster management, considering that they can have serious consequences. Damage caused by floods results in the destruction of homes and infrastructure, as well as the displacement of people and loss of agricultural land, alteration of ecosystems and landscapes. For the purposes of this analysis data about geological structure, terrain slope, land cover and bare soil index were processed in the GIS environment. Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI) was used to calculate the predisposition for flash flood occurrence in the study area. The obtained results indicate a high vulnerability to flash flood occurrence and they are classified into five vulnerability classes.
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Baran-Zgłobicka, Bogusława, Dominika Godziszewska, and Wojciech Zgłobicki. "The Flash Floods Risk in the Local Spatial Planning (Case Study: Lublin Upland, E Poland)." Resources 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10020014.
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Flash floods pose a significant threat to humans but the state of our knowledge on the occurrence and related risk of such phenomena is insufficient. At the same time, many climate change models predict that extreme rainfall events will occur more and more frequently. Identifying areas susceptible to flash floods is more complicated that in the case of floods occurring in the valley bottoms of large rivers. Flood risk maps in Poland have not been developed for small catchments. The study objective was to assess whether the threat related to flash floods is taken into account in the spatial planning system of municipalities. Studies were conducted in the Lublin Upland, E Poland (an area of about 7200 km2). A preliminary assessment of susceptibility of 369 catchments to flash floods was carried out in a GIS environment using multi criteria analysis. The susceptible catchments cover about 30% of the area. Existing planning documents, flood hazard and flood risk maps were analyzed for municipalities located in the catchments with highest susceptibility to this phenomenon. Our results show that flash flood risk is usually not recognized at the level of local governments even when it is significant. Local planning documents do not take into account the existence of this threat.
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Collalti, Dino, Nekeisha Spencer, and Eric Strobl. "Flash flood detection via copula-based intensity–duration–frequency curves: evidence from Jamaica." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 3 (March 14, 2024): 873–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-873-2024.
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Abstract. Extreme rainfall events frequently cause hazardous floods in many parts of the world. With growing human exposure to floods, studying conditions that trigger floods is imperative. Flash floods, in particular, require well-defined models for the timely warning of the population at risk. Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves are a common way to characterize rainfall and flood events. Here, the copula method is employed to model the dependence between the intensity and duration of rainfall events flexibly and separately from their respective marginal distribution. Information about the localization of 93 flash floods in Jamaica was gathered and linked to remote-sensing rainfall data, and additional data on location-specific yearly maximum rainfall events were constructed. The estimated normal copula has Weibull and generalized extreme value (GEV) marginals for duration and intensity, respectively. Due to the two samples, it is possible to pin down above which line in the intensity duration space a rainfall event likely triggers a flash flood. The parametric IDF curve with an associated return period of 216 years is determined as the optimal threshold for flash flood event classification. This methodology delivers a flexible approach to generating rainfall IDF curves that can directly be used to assess flash flood risk.
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Chang, Tzu-Yin, Hongey Chen, Huei-Shuin Fu, Wei-Bo Chen, Yi-Chiang Yu, Wen-Ray Su, and Lee-Yaw Lin. "An Operational High-Performance Forecasting System for City-Scale Pluvial Flash Floods in the Southwestern Plain Areas of Taiwan." Water 13, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040405.
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A pluvial flash flood is rapid flooding induced by intense rainfall associated with a severe weather system, such as thunderstorms or typhoons. Additionally, topography, ground cover, and soil conditions also account for the occurrence of pluvial flash floods. Pluvial flash floods are among the most devastating natural disasters that occur in Taiwan, and these floods always /occur within a few minutes or hours of excessive rainfall. Pluvial flash floods usually threaten large plain areas with high population densities; therefore, there is a great need to implement an operational high-performance forecasting system for pluvial flash flood mitigation and evacuation decisions. This study developed a high-performance two-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the finite-element method and unstructured grids. The operational high-performance forecasting system is composed of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, and a map-oriented visualization tool. The forecasting system employs digital elevation data with a 1-m resolution to simulate city-scale pluvial flash floods. The extent of flooding during historical inundation events derived from the forecasting system agrees well with the surveyed data for plain areas in southwestern Taiwan. The entire process of the operational high-performance forecasting system prediction of pluvial flash floods in the subsequent 24 h is accomplished within 8–10 min, and forecasts are updated every six hours.
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Barrera, A., M. C. Llasat, and M. Barriendos. "Estimation of extreme flash flood evolution in Barcelona County from 1351 to 2005." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 4 (June 12, 2006): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-505-2006.
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Abstract. Every year, flash floods cause economic losses and major problems for undertaking daily activity in the Catalonia region (NE Spain). Sometimes catastrophic damage and casualties occur. When a long term analysis of floods is undertaken, a question arises regarding the changing role of the vulnerability and the hazard in risk evolution. This paper sets out to give some information to deal with this question, on the basis of analysis of all the floods that have occurred in Barcelona county (Catalonia) since the 14th century, as well as the flooded area, urban evolution, impacts and the weather conditions for any of most severe events. With this objective, the identification and classification of historical floods, and characterisation of flash-floods among these, have been undertaken. Besides this, the main meteorological factors associated with recent flash floods in this city and neighbouring regions are well-known. On the other hand, the identification of rainfall trends that could explain the historical evolution of flood hazard occurrence in this city has been analysed. Finally, identification of the influence of urban development on the vulnerability to floods has been carried out. Barcelona city has been selected thanks to its long continuous data series (daily rainfall data series, since 1854; one of the longest rainfall rate series of Europe, since 1921) and for the accurate historical archive information that is available (since the Roman Empire for the urban evolution). The evolution of flood occurrence shows the existence of oscillations in the earlier and later modern-age periods that can be attributed to climatic variability, evolution of the perception threshold and changes in vulnerability. A great increase of vulnerability can be assumed for the period 1850–1900. The analysis of the time evolution for the Barcelona rainfall series (1854–2000) shows that no trend exists, although, due to changes in urban planning, flash-floods impact has altered over this time. The number of catastrophic flash floods has diminished, although the extraordinary ones have increased.
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Zain, A., D. Legono, A. P. Rahardjo, and R. Jayadi. "Review on Co-factors Triggering Flash Flood Occurrences in Indonesian Small Catchments." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012087.
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Abstract Flash flood is defined as “a flood of short duration with a relatively high peak discharge,” which leaves little time to take action to reduce property damage and the risk to life. Flash floods occur not only because of heavy rainfall but some co-factors that can trigger it. This study aims to determine the co-factors that trigger the flash flood. Observations are carried out using a descriptive-qualitative approach of five small catchments in Indonesia, namely Bahorok Catchment (Langkat, North Sumatra), Kalijompo, and Kalipakis Catchment (Jember, East Java), Nasiri Catchment (Western Seram, Maluku), Wasior Catchment (Wondama Bay, West Papua). The dominant co-factors are related to rainfall IDF, morphological characteristics (slope, channel properties, flow pattern), geological conditions (rock, soil, structure, geohydrology), catchment conditions (vegetation, land use). Flash floods generally occur due to landslides in the upstream part of the river. Debris consisting of water, rock, and tree trunks can stem the river’s flow and form natural dams. In five flash flood cases under investigation, the causes of a flash flood triggered by heavy rainfall and the morphological characteristics are 60% and 40%, respectively. The quantitative measure of each co-factor that triggers flash floods is essential for further research to identify flash flood symptoms.
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Mansour, Mahmoud M., Mona G. Ibrahim, Manabu Fujii, and Mahmoud Nasr. "Recent Applications of Flash Flood Hazard Assessment Techniques: Case Studies from Egypt and Saudi Arabia." Advanced Engineering Forum 47 (August 31, 2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-03z404.
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Flash floods are severe natural disasters due to their suddenness, frequency, and destruction. Every year, flash floods occur in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, which are located in the heart of the Middle East. Extensive areas in Egypt and Saudi Arabia are covered by mountainous topography. Intense rainfall can generate flash floods with their magnitude dependent on geomorphology and storm characteristics. Flash flood hazard assessment is a feasible way to mitigate potential damage and losses. Illumination, review, and comparison of assessment techniques of flash flood hazards represent an urgent necessity to evaluate advances and challenges in this discipline. Google-scholar and Scopus were used to collect 50 recent scientific papers, most of them published between 2011 and 2021, using the keywords: floods, hazards, assessment, Egypt, Saudi Arabia. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information systems (GIS) are the cornerstones of these studies, which include the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and geoprocessing tools. The two items facilitate the calculation of morphometric parameters. Dividing the area and determining the hazard level were the main steps in flash flood hazard assessment. The considered studies relied on varied sets of morphometric parameters that ranged from 3 to 24 morphometric parameters. Area, ruggedness ratio, basin shape index, stream frequency, slope index, and drainage density are the common parameters in the assessment of flash flood hazards. In a flood zone, buildings made from brick have better sustainability in terms of both global warming mitigation and life cycle cost than other materials. Future studies are essential to illustrate the relationships between different morphometric parameters and flash flood hazard degree through field data and define a reliable unified set of morphometric parameters to assess the flash flood hazard degree.
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Zhong, Ming, Lu Xiao, Qian Zhang, and Tao Jiang. "Risk Perception, Risk Communication, and Mitigation Actions of Flash Floods: Results from a Survey in Three Types of Communities." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 12389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212389.
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In order to improve the decision-making of risk management and enhance community resilience to flash floods, the perception of risks, communication of warnings, and mitigation actions concerning flash floods were investigated in this study. The survey involves 280 participants from three types of communities in flash flood-prone areas. Results show that: (i) About 55.4% of community participants misperceived or underestimated the risk of flash floods, especially in the suburban communities, and people had misconceptions about the safety of crossing fast-flowing water, even though most of them had experienced flash flood hazards. (ii) In total, 67.9% of participants indicated that they had at some point received a flash flood warning. The perception of accuracy was related to trust in flash flood warnings, but they were different constructs for some individuals. Moreover, residents in the rural community and suburban community reported a closer social communication with neighbors, which would greatly influence inhabitants’ attitudes and behaviors towards the flash flood warnings and mitigation actions. (iii) Most of the participants indicated they would take some protective action when they received a warning. Risk perceptions and risk communications influence the mitigation actions in the community. Significant variables in the rural community and non-rural community were explored, and some important suggestions are highlighted. These findings suggest that risk perception and risk communication in neighborhoods help people to decide what action to take in the given scenarios, contribute to enhancing the community resilience, and contribute to coping with future flash floods in a more specific and effective way.
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Zhang, Han, Jungang Luo, Jingyan Wu, and Mengjie Yu. "Spatial–temporal characteristics and driving factors of flash floods in Shaanxi Province considering regional differentiation." Hydrology Research 53, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2021.103.
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Abstract Flash floods show strong regional differentiation in spatial–temporal distribution and driving forces, thereby hindering their effective prevention and control. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of flash floods in Shaanxi Province, China, differentiated among the northern Shaanxi (NS), Guanzhong (GZ), and southern Shaanxi (SS) regions based on the Mann–Kendall, Theil–Sen Median, and standard deviation ellipse methods. The main factors driving disasters and their interactions in each region were then identified within the three categories of precipitation factor (PPF), surface environment factor, and human activity factor (HAF) based on a geographical detector. Finally, the differences in flash flood characteristics among the NS, GZ, and SS regions were analyzed. The results showed that flash floods in Shaanxi Province are greatly affected by the PPF and the HAF, although the spatial–temporal characteristics and disaster-causing factors were significantly different in each region. The regions were ranked according to the number and growth trends of flash floods as follows: SS > GZ > NS. Furthermore, flash floods were affected by multiple factors, with the interaction between factors acting as a driving force of flash floods. The results of this study can provide a reference for the management of flash floods under regional differentiation.
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Ámon, Gergely, Katalin Bene, Richard Ray, Zoltán Gribovszki, and Péter Kalicz. "Improving Flash Flood Hydrodynamic Simulations by Integrating Leaf Litter and Interception Processes in Steep-Sloped Natural Watersheds." Water 16, no. 5 (March 1, 2024): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16050750.
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More frequent high-intensity, short-duration rainfall events increase the risk of flash floods on steeply sloped watersheds. Where measured data are unavailable, numerical models emerge as valuable tools for predicting flash floods. Recent applications of various hydrological and hydrodynamic models to predict overland flow have highlighted the need for improved representations of the complex flow processes that are inherent in flash floods. This study aimed to identify an optimal modeling approach for characterizing leaf litter losses during flash floods. At a gauged watershed in the Hidegvíz Valley in Hungary, a physical-based model was calibrated using two distinct rainfall–runoff events. Two modeling methodologies were implemented, integrating canopy interception and leaf litter storage, to understand their contributions during flash flood events. The results from the model’s calibration demonstrated this approach’s effectiveness in determining the impact of leaf litter on steep-sloped watersheds. Soil parameters can estimate the behavior of leaf litter during flash flood events. In this study, hydraulic conductivity and initial water content emerged as critical factors for effective parametrization. The findings underscore the potential of a hydrodynamic model to explore the relationship between leaf litter and flash flood events, providing a framework for future studies in watershed management and risk-mitigation strategies.
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Megahed, Hanaa A., Amira M. Abdo, Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman, Antonio Scopa, and Mohammed N. Hegazy. "Frequency Ratio Model as Tools for Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Urbanized Areas: A Case Study from Egypt." Applied Sciences 13, no. 16 (August 21, 2023): 9445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13169445.
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The occurrence of flash floods is a natural yet unavoidable occurrence over time. In addition to harming people, property, and resources, it also undermines a country’s economy. This paper attempts to identify areas of flood vulnerability using a frequency ratio approach. The frequency ratio (FR) model was used to produce flood prediction maps for New Cairo City, Egypt. Using field data and remote sensing data, 143 spatial flooded point sites were mapped to build a flood inventory map. The primary driving criteria for flash floods were determined to be elevation, slope, aspect, Land Use Land Cover (LULC), lithology, stream distance, stream density, topographic wetness index (TWI), surface runoff, and terrain ruggedness index (TRI), in that order of importance. A flood susceptibility map (FSM) has been created using the FR model, which combines geographical flooded sites and environmental variables. Our findings from FSM, roughly a fifth of the city is very highly susceptible to flooding (19.32%), while the remaining 40.09% and 13.14% of the study area rank very low and low risk, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) technique was also used to validate the FSM, and the resulting results showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 90.11%. In conclusion, decision makers can employ models to extract and generate flood risk maps in order to better understand the effects of flash floods and to create alternative measures to prevent this hazard in similar regions. The results of this study will aid planners and decision makers in developing some likely actions to reduce floods vulnerability in this area.
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kalyani, Nadagouda. "REVIEW-EFFECT OF FLASH FLOOD." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i04.017.
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Flash flood assessment by using physiographic features, flooded areas effect can be seen quickly by satellite imagery data. Radar and microwave data is improved to an extent that it can process images even on cloudy days. Aster digital elevation model data is preferred by most of authors to extract DEM from satellite data. Individual data used in evaluation of flood flow for future safety planning and to take precautions to reduce risk damage. These criteria used for identifying areas effected by flash floods.
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Legono, D., D. Harset, A. Hairani, J. Ikhsan, and P. Harsanto. "Precursory Characteristics of Flash Flood Occurrence in Small Catchment of Upper Brantas River." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1105, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1105/1/012002.
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Abstract Indonesia’s flash floods have increased significantly since the flash flood in Bohorok, North Sumatra, in 2003 and Jember, East Java, in 2006. Such flash floods have caused negative impacts, loss of human life and damage to vital infrastructures such as houses, roads, bridges, or other public facilities. Understanding the factors driving flash floods and their mechanism at the outset is essential in mitigating the negative impacts mentioned above. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the flash flood characteristics of several hydraulic parameters under conditions just before the flash flood incident, including the intensity of the rainfall, the time of concentration, and the time lag of the occurrence. As the object of the study, a flash flood event was selected in Batu City, Upper Brantas River, which occurred on November 4, 2021. The results show that the lag time of the flash flood occurrence at 40 minutes magnitude at Bulukerto Village of Batu City, the application of Kirpich for the time of concentration equation performed better than the Ventura and Watt & Chow equations. Further assessment of precursory characteristics for other similar small catchment and hydro-meteorological conditions is still the subject of beneficial study or research.
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Ebro, Timothy James, Jholo Ambay, Tobias Jr Antolino, John Rogel Ursua, and Ajimar Borlan. "Flash Flood-Resilient House Design: A Step towards Climate Adaptation." European Modern Studies Journal 8, no. 1 (March 4, 2024): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.59573/emsj.8(1).2024.15.
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Traditional and amphibious houses situate their foundation on the ground or at a certain height and commonly do not anticipate the rapid increase in water level during flash floods, which can damage the structure. The study aims to design a flash flood-resilient house and estimate the construction cost. Archimedes' buoyancy principle is applied to allow the structure to float in times of flash flood. The buoyant component, EPS Geofoam, is attached to each of the structure's columns, encased by a retaining wall and lightweight materials such as bamboo panels are used for the structural parts carried by the buoyant component. With this, the flash flood-resilient house design can elevate from its stationary position, 1.5 m above the ground up to 3 m, making it a credible design based on the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015 and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Moreover, the flash flood-resilient house design is 47% more expensive than the traditional housing cost, although the future expense from house reconstruction after flash floods makes it an economical approach. Thus, implementing the flash flood-resilient house design advances climate adaptation as it caters to the threat of flash floods and ensures safety.
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Herawati, Nika, Setya Haksama, and Mohammad Zainal Fatah. "Floods Disaster Mitigation In Bojonegoro Regency." Media Gizi Kesmas 11, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v11i1.2022.144-151.
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Background: Many disasters occurred in Indonesia, especially in Bojonegoro Regency. Based on the results of the report from the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Bojonegoro Regency, the total incidence of flash floods since 2018-2020 has occurred 40 times. Bojonegoro Regency has an enormous flash flood potential if it was compared to other regencies in East Java. Based on this, the BPBD team prepared a contingency plan to implement flash floods disaster mitigation in Bojonegoro Regency.Objectives: Analyzing the handling of banjir bandang disaster risks carried out by the government of Bojonegoro Regency, among others, formulating policies and strategies in the context of handling flood victims.Methods: This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach in describing a contingency plan containing flash floods disaster mitigation at the Bojonegoro district government. This research was conducted using a purposive sampling technique. Thus, the researcher has determined the informants according to the criteria set, the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) team of Bojonegoro Regency.Results: Based on the results of the analysis contingency plan about flood disaster mitigation, it could be known that the risk management carried out by the Bojonegoro Regency government includes formulating policies and strategies in the context of handling flash floods victim.Conclusions: This study concludes a contingency plan which includes mitigation of flash floods risk management in Bojonegoro Regency is quite effective in handling risks to minimize the consequences.
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Pramono, Irfan, and Endang Savitri. "Flash flood in Arau watershed, West Sumatera: a mitigation study." MATEC Web of Conferences 229 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822903002.
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Flash flood often occurs in West Sumatera. In spite of heavy rain, flash floods are also caused by the landslide in the riverside that blocks the river as a natural dam. The natural dam can be broken at any time, depending on storage capacity. Flash flood occurs when the dam is broken. The aim of the research is to mitigate flash floods based on parameters influencing flood and landslide. The research was conducted in Arau watershed, West Sumatera. Parameters that have a direct proportion of floods are maximum daily rainfall, watershed shape, river gradient, drainage density, slope, and land cover. Parameters influencing landslides are antecedent soil moisture, slope, geologic type especially fault line, soil depth, and land cover. GIS is used to analyze the factors influencing flood and landslide spatially. The results show that more than 50% of the Arau watershed are slightly high and high vulnerability due to its natural condition. Furthermore, the locations of fault, especially in the riverside, should be noticed because this location could become a natural dam causing flash flood. In order to reduce flash flood impact, the natural dam should be opened as soon as possible.
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Gohar, Amir, and G. Mathias Kondolf. "Flash flooding as a threat to settlements even in remote areas." Environment and Urbanization 29, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247816672158.
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Desert environments are subject to flash floods in wadi floors, which may occur only once every decade or two in a given wadi (dry channels or valleys, except during rains). In areas of rapid growth, flood-prone areas can become urbanized in the time between floods. Being flat and constituted of sandy sediments, unlike the surrounding terrain, wadi floors are often used for construction, exposing the new settlements to flood risks. We present a case study of the town of El-Sheikh El-Shazli, in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, which has undergone increasingly rapid development over the past two decades. The town is named for an important 13th-century Sufi leader whose shrine receives thousands of visitors annually. We document the extent and effects of the last flash flood (1996) from interviews, field measurement of flood debris, and patterns in satellite imagery; these show the extent of new development in flood-prone wadi floors and the potential risks to residents and visitors in the absence of proper planning. We then recommend measures to reduce the future loss of life and damage from flooding.
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Моstafa Ezzeldin, Моstafa Ezzeldin. "FLASH FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING USING MORPHOMETRIC RANKING METHOD." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 2 (2023): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2023-2-106-112.
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This work is aimed at researching and studying the severity of flash floods in Wadi Watir using remote sensing and GIS technologies using the morphometric ranking (MR) method. Flash floods are natural hazards that are diffi cult to predict. Predicting flash floods in flood-prone areas can save lives and property. Geographic information systems software and remote sensing have recently become major sources of knowledge for risk assessment. Egypt often experiences flash floods in different areas, such as arid regions. Wadi Watir is one of the important watersheds prone to flash flooding. Flooding of the area endangers the town of Nuweiba and major traffic arteries. This study uses the morphometric ranking method to assess fl ash fl ood risk in Wadi Watir using remote sensing and geographic information systems. Seventeen parameters were used for the morphometric ranking approach. The parameters varied between basin size, shape, surface, and drainage network. The results showed that 19% and 44.2% of the watershed have low and moderate hazard degrees for flash floods, respectively. In addition, 36.8% of the total area of the watershed has the highest degree of danger, so this area must be well protected from the danger of flash floods.
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Ariyasirichot, Wachirawat. "The Policy Design on Preparation and Coping with Flash Flood Mekong River Basin Entrance Inequality Deduction Form Disaster: A Case Study of Mueang Nong Khai District Nong Khai Province, Thailand." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 4106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1701.
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The objective of this research is (1) to raise awareness and prepare for flash flooding among people in the Mekong region which promotes inequality reduction from disasters by using Muang Nong Khai District, Nong Khai Province as a model area, and (2) To develop a policy proposal by designing a joint policy for flash flood preparedness in the Mekong region to promote inequality reduction from disasters. This research is action research in conjunction with policy design focusing on brainstorming. Group discussions with in-depth interviews. The research results were found that: [A] People have a basic understanding of (1) the nature of the disaster, and (2) the experience of the flash flood disaster encountered by the WiangKhuk Sub-district people is about remembering the severity Looking at the floods that have been associated, but in terms of preparation, community leaders see together that they want to develop into a system and plan for a joint rehearsal in the future. [B] Flash flood response weaknesses are (1) Weaknesses for early warning, evacuation, and flash flood drills, (2) Weaknesses of flash flood plans for areas that have not yet been formally planned, And (3) weaknesses in communication. [C] The interesting common policy design guidelines that should be developed are (1) Flash flood knowledge development, (2) direction and coordination for emergency operations, (3) agreements that Formal and informal for flash flood response, (4) resource mobilization focused on the certainty of emergency work. [D] The policy recommendations are: (1) Appropriate policy guidelines for flash flood preparedness in the Mekong River Basin should include precautions, evacuation, flash flood drills, and community-level plans to tackle flash floods. (2) The public sector, civil society, and communities should jointly develop policies to prepare for flash floods, that is, to develop flash flood knowledge to keep up with the changing circumstances of the local context. (3) The key policy to deal with flash floods to help reduce inequality is to develop community capacity or community potential. This is a collaboration of community organizations, the government sector, civil society in the area, which together with driving a community-level response plan. [E] The operation recommendations include (1) the community must be the host to invite government organizations such as the Provincial Disaster Prevention and Mitigation and the Mekong Community Organization Council to drive community-level planning. (2) Organizing a network meeting on flash flood response such as communities, Provincial Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Agency, and Mekong Community Organization Council should hold meetings at least twice a year to understand the situation and implement measures to deal with flash floods in a timely manner. (3) Flash flood drills should be conducted at least once a year in order to build mutual learning among communities and networks in flash flood preparedness, it is also an analysis of the weaknesses each year and can be used to develop the capacity and capacity of the community to handle the flash flood in the future.
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Younis, J., S. Anquetin, and J. Thielen. "The benefit of high-resolution operational weather forecasts for flash flood warning." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (July 30, 2008): 1039–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-1039-2008.
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Abstract. In Mediterranean Europe, flash flooding is one of the most devastating hazards in terms of loss of human life and infrastructures. Over the last two decades, flash floods have caused damage costing a billion Euros in France alone. One of the problems of flash floods is that warning times are very short, leaving typically only a few hours for civil protection services to act. This study investigates if operationally available short-range numerical weather forecasts together with a rainfall-runoff model can be used for early indication of the occurrence of flash floods. One of the challenges in flash flood forecasting is that the watersheds are typically small, and good observational networks of both rainfall and discharge are rare. Therefore, hydrological models are difficult to calibrate and the simulated river discharges cannot always be compared with ground measurements. The lack of observations in most flash flood prone basins, therefore, necessitates the development of a method where the excess of the simulated discharge above a critical threshold can provide the forecaster with an indication of potential flood hazard in the area, with lead times of the order of weather forecasts. This study is focused on the Cévennes-Vivarais region in the Southeast of the Massif Central in France, a region known for devastating flash floods. This paper describes the main aspects of using numerical weather forecasting for flash flood forecasting, together with a threshold – exceedance. As a case study the severe flash flood event which took place on 8–9 September 2002 has been chosen. Short-range weather forecasts, from the Lokalmodell of the German national weather service, are used as input for the LISFLOOD model, a hybrid between a conceptual and physically based rainfall-runoff model. Results of the study indicate that high resolution operational weather forecasting combined with a rainfall-runoff model could be useful to determine flash floods more than 24 h in advance.
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Kuksina, Liudmila, and Valentin Golosov. "Flash floods: formation, study and distribution." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016302005.
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Flash floods are one of the most widespread and dangerous phenomenon on our planet. They are characterized by fast speed of development and short duration. However their study just begins because there is no one opinion what flash flood is, and there is no special term in many countries. The key reasons of their formation are intensive rainfall of short duration, location of river basin in mountain areas, and small catchment area, providing fast concentration of the runoff in river channel. Another significant factor is antecedent soil moisture. Flash floods are mostly spread in zones of subtropic, tropic and equatorial climate in the northern hemisphere. The study of flash floods is implemented in various fields of science due to hydrometeorological and lythogeomorphological causes of their formation. The important task is the differentiation of flash floods and debris flows. It can be based on the relations between sediment yield and sediments grain size and runoff characteristics with a glance of sediments concentration. The scheme of natural factors of flash floods formation is suggested with their differentiation from debris flows and floods of other types. The main issues of flash floods research and forecast are connected with small spatio-temporal scale of phenomenon and remoteness of river basins.
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Xiong, Junnan, Chongchong Ye, Weiming Cheng, Liang Guo, Chenghu Zhou, and Xiaolei Zhang. "The Spatiotemporal Distribution of Flash Floods and Analysis of Partition Driving Forces in Yunnan Province." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 2926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102926.
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Flash floods are one of the most serious natural disasters, and have a significant impact on economic development. In this study, we employed the spatiotemporal analysis method to measure the spatial–temporal distribution of flash floods and examined the relationship between flash floods and driving factors in different subregions of landcover. Furthermore, we analyzed the response of flash floods on the economic development by sensitivity analysis. The results indicated that the number of flash floods occurring annually increased gradually from 1949 to 2015, and regions with a high quantity of flash floods were concentrated in Zhaotong, Qujing, Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Dali, and Baoshan. Specifically, precipitation and elevation had a more significant effect on flash floods in the settlement than in other subregions, with a high r (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) value of 0.675, 0.674, 0.593, 0.519, and 0.395 for the 10 min precipitation in 20-year return period, elevation, 60 min precipitation in 20-year return period, 24 h precipitation in 20-year return period, and 6 h precipitation in 20-year return period, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the Kunming had the highest sensitivity (S = 21.86) during 2000–2005. Based on the research results, we should focus on heavy precipitation events for flash flood prevention and forecasting in the short term; but human activities and ecosystem vulnerability should be controlled over the long term.
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Marjerison, Rebecca D., M. Todd Walter, Patrick J. Sullivan, and Stephen J. Colucci. "Does Population Affect the Location of Flash Flood Reports?" Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 9 (September 2016): 1953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0329.1.
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AbstractFlash floods cause more fatalities than any other weather-related natural hazard and cause significant damage to property and infrastructure. It is important to understand the underlying processes that lead to these infrequent but high-consequence events. Accurately determining the locations of flash flood events can be difficult, which impedes comprehensive research of the phenomena. While some flash floods can be detected by automated means (e.g., streamflow gauges), flash floods (and other severe weather events) are generally based on human observations and may not reflect the actual distribution of event locations. The Storm Data–Storm Events Database, which is produced from National Weather Service reports, was used to locate reported flash floods within the forecast area of the Binghamton, New York, Weather Forecast Office between 2007 and 2013. The distribution of those reports was analyzed as a function of environmental variables associated with flood generation including slope, impervious area, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity ksat, representative rainfall intensity, and representative rainfall depth, as well as human population. A spatial conditional autoregressive model was used to test the hypothesis that flash flood reports are made more frequently in areas with higher populations, even when other flood-generating processes are considered. Slope, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and impervious area are significant predictors of flash flood reports. When population is added as a predictor, the model is similarly robust, but impervious area and ksat are no longer significant predictors. These results may challenge the assumption that flash flood reports are strongly biased by population.
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Uzzahara, Vivi Fatimah, Erna Juita, and Elvi Zuriyani. "Community Conditions After The Flash Flood Disaster in The Nagari Batahan Barat River Basin, Pasaman Barat Regency." Jurnal Geografika (Geografi Lingkungan Lahan Basah) 4, no. 2 (January 12, 2024): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jgp.v4i2.9674.
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Flash floods are inundations caused by runoff out of river channels because river discharge suddenly increases beyond the capacity of river flows. It occurs quickly and hits residential areas with low relief, in river valleys and basins, and usually brings discharge in the flow. As a result of high rainfall for 3 to 4 days, has caused many physical and social losses, including 255 houses being flooded. This research is classified as a mixed methods research type. The sampling technique was taken using a proportional random sampling technique to collect information for this research using a snowball sampling technique. For analysis of questionnaire data, it is measured using a Likert scale. The results of this research include that the residential conditions of the people of Nagari Batahan Barat were clean before the flash flood occurred, after the flash floods were not clean, the condition of the livelihood of Nagari Batahan Barat people, in general, was gardening and/or farming, the condition of the plantations and agriculture of Nagari Batahan Barat people, Pasaman Barat Regency before the flash flood occurred, and the condition of the community's plantations and agriculture after the flash flood was not good.
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Martinaitis, Steven M., Benjamin Albright, Jonathan J. Gourley, Sarah Perfater, Tiffany Meyer, Zachary L. Flamig, Robert A. Clark, Humberto Vergara, and Mark Klein. "The 23 June 2016 West Virginia Flash Flood Event as Observed through Two Hydrometeorology Testbed Experiments." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 2099–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-20-0016.1.
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AbstractThe flash flood event of 23 June 2016 devastated portions of West Virginia and west-central Virginia, resulting in 23 fatalities and 5 new record river crests. The flash flooding was part of a multiday event that was classified as a billion-dollar disaster. The 23 June 2016 event occurred during real-time operations by two Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) experiments. The Flash Flood and Intense Rainfall (FFaIR) experiment focused on the 6–24-h forecast through the utilization of experimental high-resolution deterministic and ensemble numerical weather prediction and hydrologic model guidance. The HMT Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor Hydro (HMT-Hydro) experiment concentrated on the 0–6-h time frame for the prediction and warning of flash floods primarily through the experimental Flooded Locations and Simulated Hydrographs product suite. This study describes the various model guidance, applications, and evaluations from both testbed experiments during the 23 June 2016 flash flood event. Various model outputs provided a significant precipitation signal that increased the confidence of FFaIR experiment participants to issue a high risk for flash flooding for the region between 1800 UTC 23 June and 0000 UTC 24 June. Experimental flash flood warnings issued during the HMT-Hydro experiment for this event improved the probability of detection and resulted in a 63.8% increase in lead time to 84.2 min. Isolated flash floods in Kentucky demonstrated the potential to reduce the warned area. Participants characterized how different model guidance and analysis products influenced the decision-making process and how the experimental products can help shape future national and local flash flood operations.