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Journal articles on the topic 'Flash image'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Oh, Geunwoo, Jonghee Back, Jae-Pil Heo, and Bochang Moon. "Robust Image Denoising of No-Flash Images Guided by Consistent Flash Images." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 2 (2023): 1993–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i2.25291.

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Images taken in low light conditions typically contain distracting noise, and eliminating such noise is a crucial computer vision problem. Additional photos captured with a camera flash can guide an image denoiser to preserve edges since the flash images often contain fine details with reduced noise. Nonetheless, a denoiser can be misled by inconsistent flash images, which have image structures (e.g., edges) that do not exist in no-flash images. Unfortunately, this disparity frequently occurs as the flash/no-flash pairs are taken in different light conditions. We propose a learning-based technique that robustly fuses the image pairs while considering their inconsistency. Our framework infers consistent flash image patches locally, which have similar image structures with the ground truth, and denoises no-flash images using the inferred ones via a combination model. We demonstrate that our technique can produce more robust results than state-of-the-art methods, given various flash/no-flash pairs with inconsistent image structures. The source code is available at https://github.com/CGLab-GIST/RIDFnF.

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Yoon, Sang Min, Yeon Ju Lee, Gang-Joon Yoon, and Jungho Yoon. "Adaptive Total Variation Minimization-Based Image Enhancement from Flash and No-Flash Pairs." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/319506.

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We present a novel approach for enhancing the quality of an image captured from a pair of flash and no-flash images. The main idea for image enhancement is to generate a new image by combining the ambient light of the no-flash image and the details of the flash image. In this approach, we propose a method based on Adaptive Total Variation Minimization (ATVM) so that it has an efficient image denoising effect by preserving strong gradients of the flash image. Some numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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Shkurko, Valentyna. "The Image of Beauty as a Leading Criterion of Flash Image, the 20th to the Early 21st Centuries." Bulletin of KNUKiM. Series in Arts, no. 49 (December 15, 2023): 153–60. https://doi.org/10.31866/2410-1176.49.2023.293301.

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The aim of the article is to study the transformation of the flash image since the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries as a leading criterion of the beauty image. Results. The main categorical concepts of this study are analysed and defined: image, self image, flash image, fashion image. The transformation of women’s flash image from the 20th to the early 21st century is studied. Each new stage is characterised, and the changes that took place in the women’s flash image of those years are described. It is noted that in modern society, fashion trends and innovations are gaining importance, with the help of which a person forms an attitude to his or her own body under the influence of socio-cultural processes. It is substantiated that the flash image as a criterion of the beauty image is formed with the help of design practices in various fields of fashion art. It is noted that in modern developed society, the beauty industry, which combines cosmetology, hairdressing, nail service, makeup and permanent makeup, is becoming increasingly popular. It is established that the flash image formation is also influenced by modern fashion trends in clothing. In the course of scientific research, it is also highlighted that in recent years, modern women have been paying attention to the environmental friendliness of preserving their bodies in the context of fashion innovations when forming their flash image. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the article analyzes the flash image in design practices of fashion of the 20th and early 21st centuries, and reveals the specifics of the artistic and figurative representation of female flash images in the fashion of this period. Conclusions. The flash image is connected with the themes of the human body image, physicality and fashion image. The human body is used as a standard of beauty. In the public consciousness, ideas about the image of beauty are spread and defended through fashion. The fashion of the 20th and early 21st centuries abandoned a single ideal of beauty, and offered a variety of images that focused not on a set of individual characteristics, but on the integrity of the fashion flash image.

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Mohammed, Hind Rostom, and Ameer Abd Al-Razaq. "SWF Image Compression by Evaluating objects compression ratio." Journal of Kufa for Mathematics and Computer 1, no. 2 (2010): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31642/jokmc/2018/010209.

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This work discusses the compression objects ratio for Macromedia Flash File (SWF) Image by Wavelet functions for compression and there effect for Macromedia Flash File (SWF) Images compression . We discusses classification objects in Macromedia Flash (SWF) image in to nine types objects Action, Font,Image, Sound, Text, Button, Frame, Shape and Sprite. The work is particularly targeted towards wavelet image compression best case by using Haar Wavelet Transformation with an idea to minimize the computational requirements by applying different compression thresholds for the waveletcoefficients and these results are obtained in fraction of seconds and thus to improve thequality of the reconstructed image. The promising results obtained concerning reconstructed images quality as well as preservation of significant image details, while, on the other hand achieving highcompression rates and better image quality while DB4 Wavelet Transformation higher compression rates ratio without kept for image quality .

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Kim, Seok-Jun, and Jin-Wook Kim. "Improvement of No-flash Image by Flash Image and Filter Combinations." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 27, no. 9 (2023): 1098–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2023.27.9.1098.

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Cha, KyeongMin, Hyun-Ki Woo, Dohyun Park, Dong Kyung Chang, and Mira Kang. "Effects of Background Colors, Flashes, and Exposure Values on the Accuracy of a Smartphone-Based Pill Recognition System Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network: Deep Learning and Experimental Approach." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 7 (2021): e26000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26000.

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Background Pill image recognition systems are difficult to develop due to differences in pill color, which are influenced by external factors such as the illumination from and the presence of a flash. Objective In this study, the differences in color between reference images and real-world images were measured to determine the accuracy of a pill recognition system under 12 real-world conditions (ie, different background colors, the presence and absence of a flash, and different exposure values [EVs]). Methods We analyzed 19 medications with different features (ie, different colors, shapes, and dosages). The average color difference was calculated based on the color distance between a reference image and a real-world image. Results For images with black backgrounds, as the EV decreased, the top-1 and top-5 accuracies increased independently of the presence of a flash. The top-5 accuracy for images with black backgrounds increased from 26.8% to 72.6% when the flash was on and increased from 29.5% to 76.8% when the flash was off as the EV decreased. However, the top-5 accuracy increased from 62.1% to 78.4% for images with white backgrounds when the flash was on. The best top-1 accuracy was 51.1% (white background; flash on; EV of +2.0). The best top-5 accuracy was 78.4% (white background; flash on; EV of 0). Conclusions The accuracy generally increased as the color difference decreased, except for images with black backgrounds and an EV of −2.0. This study revealed that background colors, the presence of a flash, and EVs in real-world conditions are important factors that affect the performance of a pill recognition model.

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Hristova, Hristina, Olivier Le Meur, Remi Cozot, and Kadi Bouatouch. "High-dynamic-range image recovery from flash and non-flash image pairs." Visual Computer 33, no. 6-8 (2017): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-017-1399-0.

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Petschnigg, Georg, Richard Szeliski, Maneesh Agrawala, Michael Cohen, Hugues Hoppe, and Kentaro Toyama. "Digital photography with flash and no-flash image pairs." ACM Transactions on Graphics 23, no. 3 (2004): 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1015706.1015777.

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Alzimami, Khalid, Nouf Abuhadi, Abdulaziz Alanazi, et al. "Optimization of Accurate Quantification in Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Imaging." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 8, no. 9 (2018): 1763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2018.2517.

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Purpose: The wide availability and reputation for accuracy of the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the myocardium has made it a top global choice for nuclear cardiology procedures. The goal of this research is to determine the effectiveness and measurable accuracy of 3D iterative reconstruction algorithms compared to filtered back projection techniques for cardiac SPECT images. Effectiveness is determined by the ability of the various techniques to produce accurate cardiac SPECT images. Materials and Methods: A Siemens Symbia T16 SPECT/CT scanner was used to acquire SPECT/CT images and the Monte Carlo simulations whilst a GATE package was used with the implementation of Infinia™ (GE) dual head SPECT gamma camera–simulated data. The recordings were acquired from point and linear sources and a cardiac insert was created along with a simulation of a computerized phantom XCAT. Result: The results of this study demonstrated an improvement in image quality and the use of a Flash 3D algorithm relative to FBP technique enhances its accuracy. The data presented in this article further show that the image quality of myocardium images and quantification accuracy, particularly for high-resolution studies reconstructed using the Flash 3D algorithm, can be greatly affected by a respiratory-induced motion. Conclusion: Image quality and quantification accuracy can be better improved with respiratory-gating techniques, utilization of ordered-subsets maximization (OSEM) algorithms with attenuation and scatter correction. A simulation of respiratory-induced motion resulted in a reconstructed SPECT recording of 73% reduction in the quantified image resolution for Flash 3D and 43% for FBP. It also caused the underestimation for the left ventricle volume by 18% using FBP and 41% for the Flash 3D. In conclusion, our physical phantom studies and Monte Carlo simulation studies agree with the main hypothesis of our investigation. They showed improvement in image quality with increased accuracy when using the Flash 3D algorithm relative to the FBP technique.

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Singh, Harbinder, Vinay Kumar, and Sunil Bhooshan. "Anisotropic Diffusion for Details Enhancement in Multiexposure Image Fusion." ISRN Signal Processing 2013 (May 19, 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/928971.

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We develop a multiexposure image fusion method based on texture features, which exploits the edge preserving and intraregion smoothing property of nonlinear diffusion filters based on partial differential equations (PDE). With the captured multiexposure image series, we first decompose images into base layers and detail layers to extract sharp details and fine details, respectively. The magnitude of the gradient of the image intensity is utilized to encourage smoothness at homogeneous regions in preference to inhomogeneous regions. Then, we have considered texture features of the base layer to generate a mask (i.e., decision mask) that guides the fusion of base layers in multiresolution fashion. Finally, well-exposed fused image is obtained that combines fused base layer and the detail layers at each scale across all the input exposures. Proposed algorithm skipping complex High Dynamic Range Image (HDRI) generation and tone mapping steps to produce detail preserving image for display on standard dynamic range display devices. Moreover, our technique is effective for blending flash/no-flash image pair and multifocus images, that is, images focused on different targets.

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AUGUSTINE, JACOB. "Conversational Image Recognition Chatbot." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem47015.

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Abstract - This research introduces a Conversational Image Recognition Chatbot powered by generative AI, designed to enable users to interact naturally with both text and visual inputs. The system combines intelligent dialogue with image understanding, allowing users to upload images, ask context-specific questions, and receive meaningful responses in real time. At its core is Google’s Gemini 2.0 Flash model, which supports multimodal processing and delivers fast, focused replies based on both textual prompts and visual content. The application is built using the Flask framework on the backend, with a clean, responsive frontend powered by HTML templates and Bootstrap. It handles image uploads using the Python Imaging Library (PIL) and supports RESTful API endpoints for seamless communication between the client and server. Adjustable AI parameters offer flexibility in response generation, while error handling ensures stable, user-friendly performance. This chatbot bridges the gap between image recognition and natural language conversation, offering a unified platform for educational, creative, and productivity- based use cases. The project demonstrates how generative AI can be effectively applied to enhance human-computer interaction by making both visual and verbal inputs part of a single conversational experience. Keywords: Conversational AI, Image recognition, Generative AI, Multimodal chatbot, Flask backend, Gemini model, Responsive web interface

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Ogawa, Naoya, and Kazunori Umeda. "Range Measurement Using a Digital Camera Flash." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, no. 1 (2007): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0077.

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Most methods for range measurement or three-dimensional shape reconstruction have required large equipment or a special environment. This paper proposes a method which obtains a range image easily in a general environment using only an off-the-shelf digital camera. Distance is calculated based on irradiance of scene lighted by the digital camera's flash using the fact that the intensity of reflected light of the flash is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the object. Irradiance is obtained by subtracting an image without the flash from an image with the flash. The image without the flash is used to obtain the reflectance ratio at each pixel. The intensity of reflected light of the flash is affected by the inclination of object surface. A method to estimate the inclination at each pixel is proposed which uses the changes in the irradiance of adjacent pixels. Inclination is formulated as the function of the rate of change, and is calculated based on this rate, which is obtained easily from the image. Color information is obtained simultaneously because visible light is used. Assumptions in the method are that the object surface has no specular reflection and the flash is set at the center of the lens. Experiments show that a range image is obtained roughly and that appropriate distance is obtained for inclined surfaces.

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Wulan Dari, Dian Maya Sari, and Jamil Azhari Matondang. "Pengenalan Aplikasi Macromedia Flash 8 Pada SMKS Bina Satria Medan." Panggung Kebaikan : Jurnal Pengabdian Sosial 1, no. 1 (2024): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.62951/panggungkebaikan.v1i1.219.

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This introduction to the Macromedia Flash 8 application aims to provide students with understanding and skills in using Macromedia Flash 8 for design and understanding the use of Flash 8. Introduction to the Macromedia Flash 8 application is often needed in creating animations and designs for student learning. The Macromedia Flash 8 application allows its introduction to be personal and efficient, by using image and sound designs from separate sources into one Macromedia Flash 8 application. During the introduction to the Macromedia Flash 8 Application, participants will be taught about the concept of designing the use of Macromedia Flash 8, steps -design preparation steps, creating animations using Macromedia Flsah 8, and merging data into the application. This introduction to the Macromedia Flash 8 application will also discuss the benefits of using Macromedia Flash 8, including time efficiency and accuracy in the student learning that will be created. Through a combination of theory and practical exercises, participants.It is hoped that they will be able to master the steps in the application development process that will be presented using Macromedia Flash 8. The results of this training are expected to provide participants with the ability to create personal and efficient student animations, including for education and other organizations. Thus, the introduction of this application contributes to increasing the effectiveness of communication in various activities involving the student learning process.

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Bagas Aryaseta. "DETECTION OF FLOOD IMPACTED AREAS IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA USING SENTINEL-1 IMAGERY." CI-TECH 2, no. 01 (2021): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/ci-tech.v2i01.31.

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    Flash Floods in East Nusa Tenggara occured on April 4th, 2021. These Flash Floods are scattered from East Flores Regency, Lembata Regency, Alor Regency, Malacca Regency, Sabu Raijua Regency, Kupang City, Kupang Regency, and Ende Regency. The cause of these Flash Floods is the high intensity of rain caused by the tropical cyclone Seroja. Mapping of flood locations plays an important role in prevention and mitigation efforts. In this study, InSAR data processing was carried out from the Sentinel 1A satellite to find flood-affected locations in East Nusa Tenggara. 32 images of Sentinel-1 were processed before and 31 images after the Flash Floods incident. The method used is the classification method using cloud computing, Google Earth Engine. The results show that the flood-affected areas can be detected based on a lower pixel value (indicating a very small signal backscatter value), then compared to the conditions before the flood. The four sample points identified, namely points A, B, C, and D each have pixel values of -8.58, -9.99, -12.43, and -9.29 for the VV polarized image, respectively. For VH polarized image is -17.35, -17.96, -17.84, and -14.22, respectively.   

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Harikrishnan, S., SPS Dinesh, A. Sivakumar, et al. "Comparative Evaluation of Various Lens and Ring Flash Combination for Intraoral Photography." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 26, no. 12 (2023): 1800–1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_120_23.

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Background: Extraoral and intraoral dental photographs serve as preoperative records and document the entire treatment. Correctly composed orthodontic photographs are crucial for remote diagnosis and may serve as a bulwark against medicolegal challenges. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, intraoral frontal photographs of patients with ideal occlusion were taken using two types of lenses (EF-S 18-55 mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM lens (Canon, Tokyo, JP), SP 90 mm F/2.8 MACRO VC lens (Model F017 Tamron, NY, USA)) and two different ring flash systems (Meike FC-100 Macro Ring LED Light (Meike, China), Macro Ring flash Lite YN-14EX (Yongnuo digital, China)). The combination of lens and flash used was grouped into four groups. Twenty-eight intraoral photographs of patients were taken. An image quality assessment survey was distributed among two groups – 50 orthodontists and 50 other dental specialists. Results: The participants were asked to assess all the intraoral images and subjectively score them on a scale of one to ten, with one being very poor and ten being excellent, considering the sharpness, color, brightness, contrast, and overall quality of the image. The general dentists rated the images taken with a 90-mm macro lens and ring flash as the best quality photographs. Images obtained using an 18–55 mm lens and ring LED received significantly lesser scores and were graded good by dentists. Conclusion: This combination of lens and flash may prove a valuable investment in the long-term aiding in excellent dental images for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

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YENCHEV, Mykhailo. "FLASH IMAGE IN ART DESIGN SYSTEM." Humanities science current issues 1, no. 64 (2023): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/64-1-18.

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Farida, Siti Nur, Nanang Sulaksono, and Ary Kurniawati. "Optimasi Informasi Diagnostik Citra Axial MRI Brain antara Sekuen SWI dan T2 FLASH 2D pada Kasus Tumor Otak." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 10, no. 2 (2024): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v10i2.11583.

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Background: Pulse gradient echo sequences use varying RF excitation pulses and with NMV flips through various angles (not just 90°). Gradient echo has a sensitive susceptibility effect in detecting the presence of blood products (hemorrhage) and calcifications in brain tumors. The SWI and T2 FLASH 2D sequences are part of the pulse sequence gradient echo, where the SWI sequence is a 3D velocity compensated gradient echo and the T2 FLASH 2D sequence is a 2D multi-slice gradient echo. This study aims to determine the differences in axial image diagnostic information and determine the most optimal axial image diagnostic information in MRI brain examinations between SWI and T2 FLASH 2D sequences in brain tumor cases.Methods: This type of research is quantitative with an experimental approach. Data was taken in March 2024 at the Radiology Installation of RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The sample in this study was 10 patients with brain tumor cases. An assessment was carried out by 2 respondents to assess the criteria for brain tumors. The assessment data from respondents was tested using the Cohen's kappa test to assess reliability between respondents and the Wilcoxon test to determine the level of difference in axial image diagnostic information, then the mean rank was used to determine sequences with better diagnostic image information.Results: The results of the study show that there is a difference in the diagnostic information of axial images on MRI brain examination between SWI and T2 FLASH 2D sequences in tumor cases with a p-value of 0.014. The significant difference is due to the susceptibility effect in both sequences. Based on the Wilcoxon test, the SWI sequence is the most optimal sequence in displaying diagnostic information with a mean rank value of 4.Conclusions: There is a difference of axial image diagnostic information between SWI and T2 FLASH 2D sequence in Brain MRI with brain tumors cases, and SWI sequence produces the most optimal axial image diagnostic information in MRI brain with brain tumor cases.

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Lee, Jonghyeop, Sunghyun Cho, and Seungyong Lee. "Slow Sync Image Synthesis from Short Exposure Flash Smartphone Images." Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society 27, no. 3 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15701/kcgs.2021.27.3.1.

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Frahm, Jens. "Rapid image characterization for localized spectroscopy using FLASH NMR images." Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 71, no. 3 (1987): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(87)90258-7.

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Lal, Aleena B., Megha M, Muhammed Sufiyan M. P, David Joseph Thekkel, Aswathy M. V, and Rotney Roy Meckamalil. "Flash Flood Detection and Alert System Using Machine Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 6 (2024): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62971.

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Abstract: Floods can be considered as one among the top natural disasters that sometimes happens regularly in particular season thereby causing harm on human lives and also resultsin reducing economic growth. So, the news about the flooding events has to be spread to nearby localities in time so as to avoid further chaos. Therefore, it is crucial to build a warning system that informs the flooding event to reduce the casualties of flood disaster. Recognizing sensitive events in images, such as flood events is significant for the maintenance of normal public opinionand social stability. By now, it is still a challenging problem. In this project, we propose a novel method for recognizing flood events from images using Keras pretrained MobileNet CNN. Flooding and non-flooding images are collected and trained in theCNN network so as to build the classifier that can differentiate the input image from flooding and non-flooding categories. At first, the feature extraction is carried to develop a model that is capable of classifying flood images from normal images. Later the MobileNet CNN helps in classifying the flood images effectively with accuracy and an appropriate warning message is sent to the people in nearby localities. To enhance the efficacy of our flood event recognition system, we are integrating cutting-edge tech- nologies and methodologies. In addition to leveraging the power of Keras pretrained MobileNet CNN for image classification, we are also implementing advanced image processing techniques for better feature extraction and analysis. By incorporating thesemethods, we aim to achieve higher accuracy and reliability in identifying flood events from images.

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Smith, Adam. "Introducing Zoomify Image." Information Technology and Libraries 26, no. 1 (2007): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v26i1.3288.

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Zoomify Image is a mature product for easily publishing large, high-resolution images on the Web. End users view these images with existing Webbrowser software as quickly as they do normal, downsampled images. A Flash-based Zoomifyer client asynchronously streams image data to the Web browser as needed, resulting in response times approaching those of desktop applications using minimal bandwidth. The author, a librarian at Cornell University and the principal architect of a small, open-source company, worked closely with Zoomify to produce a cross-platform, opensource implementation of that company’s image-processing software and discusses how to easily deploy the product into a widely used Webpublishing environment. Limitations are also discussed as are areas of improvement and alternatives.

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Murakami, T., K. Tsuda, H. Nakamura, et al. "3DFT-Flash MR Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer with Gadopentetate Dimeglumine." Acta Radiologica 37, no. 1P1 (1996): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02841851960371p139.

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Purpose: We evaluated the usefulness of dynamic 3-dimensional Fourier transformation (3DFT) fast low angle shot (FLASH) MR imaging using gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) to assess the extent of pancreatic cancer. Material and Methods: Breath-hold 3DFT-FLASH MR images (20/4; 25° flip angle; 7 partitions; 3–5-mm slice thickness) were obtained before the administration of 0.1 mmol/kg of Gd-DTPA, just after (early phase), and 1 and 2 min (late phases) after in 14 patients with pancreatic cancer. All patients underwent surgical removal or laparotomy. We compared the findings of T1-, T2-, and postcontrast T1-weighted spin-echo (conventional SE) and 3DFT-FLASH imaging with histologic or surgical findings. Results: Dynamic MR images could delineate the pancreatic tumors more clearly than the conventional SE images, and were useful for diagnosing vessel invasion. The contrast-to-noise ratio between the pancreatic cancer and the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma was significantly higher with the dynamic 3DFT-FLASH image than with the conventional SE images (p<0.01). Conclusion: Dynamic 3DFT-FLASH MR imaging with Gd-DTPA is useful in delineating and evaluating the extent of pancreatic cancer.

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Nixon-Hill, Miranda, Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee, and Terence S. Leung. "Assessment of bilirubin levels in patients with cirrhosis via forehead, sclera and lower eyelid smartphone images." PLOS Digital Health 2, no. 10 (2023): e0000357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000357.

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One of the key biomarkers evaluating liver disease progression is an elevated bilirubin level. Here we apply smartphone imaging to non-invasive assessment of bilirubin in patients with cirrhosis. Image data was processed using two different approaches to remove variation introduced by ambient conditions and different imaging devices—a per-image calibration using a color chart in each image, and a two-step process using pairs of flash/ no-flash images to account for ambient light in combination with a one-time calibration. For the first time, results from the forehead, sclera (white of the eye) and lower eyelid were compared. The correlation coefficients between the total serum bilirubin and the predicted bilirubin via the forehead, sclera and lower eyelid were 0.79, 0.89 and 0.86 (all with p<0.001, n = 66), respectively. Given the simpler image capture for the sclera, the recommended imaging site for this patient cohort is the sclera.

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Al-mamari, Mahmood, Sameh Kantoush, Sohei Kobayashi, Tetsuya Sumi, and Mohamed Saber. "Real-Time Measurement of Flash-Flood in a Wadi Area by LSPIV and STIV." Hydrology 6, no. 1 (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010027.

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Flash floods in wadi systems discharge large volumes of water to either the sea or the desert areas after high-intensity rainfall events. Recently, wadi flash floods have frequently occurred in arid regions and caused damage to roads, houses, and properties. Therefore, monitoring and quantifying these events by accurately measuring wadi discharge has become important for the installation of mitigation structures and early warning systems. In this study, image-based methods were used to measure surface flow velocities during a wadi flash flood in 2018 to test the usefulness of large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) and space–time image velocimetry (STIV) techniques for the estimation of wadi discharge. The results, which indicated the positive performance of the image-based methods, strengthened our hypothesis that the application of LSPIV and STIV techniques is appropriate for the analysis of wadi flash flood velocities. STIV is suitable for unidirectional flow velocity and LSPIV is reliable and stable for two-dimensional measurement along the wadi channel, the direction of flow pattern which varies with time.

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Watanabe, Junji, Hideyuki Ando, Taro Maeda, and Susumu Tachi. "Gaze-Contingent Visual Presentation Based on Remote Saccade Detection." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 16, no. 2 (2007): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.16.2.224.

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Pursuing new display techniques based on insights into human visual perception can reveal new possibilities for visual information devices. Here, we propose a novel information presentation technique that exploits the perceptional features during rapid eye movements called saccades by using a fast remote eye-measuring method. When light sources are fixed on a vertical line, and the flashing pattern is changed quickly during a horizontal saccade, 2D images can be perceived due to spatio-temporal integration in the human vision system. We use this phenomenon to present 2D images with only one-dimensional light sources, and to show these images even in midair. The flashing cycle and flash timing of light sources are important elements in developing the design theory for this display technique. The flashing cycle determines the maximum resolution of a perceived 2D image. The flash timing is a crucial issue for our purpose because 2D images are perceived only when the timing of the saccade coincides with the flash timing. Therefore, in this paper, we describe the relationship between a flashing cycle and the maximum resolution of a perceived 2D image, and then propose a concise saccade detection method. By using this method, saccades can be detected and the light sources can be flashed within the saccade interval as it occurs in real time, and 2D images can be successfully presented.

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Matsui, Sosuke, Takahiro Okabe, Mihoko Shimano, and Yoichi Sato. "Image Enhancement of Low-light Scenes with Near-infrared Flash Images." IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 2 (2010): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.2.215.

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Brauers, Johannes, Stephan Helling, and Til Aach. "Multispectral Image Acquisition with Flash Light Sources." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 53, no. 3 (2009): 031103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2009.53.3.031103.

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Sorapure, Madeleine. "Text, image, code, comment: Writing in Flash." Computers and Composition 23, no. 4 (2006): 412–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2006.08.001.

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Sapieta, Milan, Vladimír Dekýš, Peter Kopas, Lenka Jakubovičová, and Zdenko Šavrnoch. "The Impact of Excitation Periods on the Outcome of Lock-In Thermography." Materials 16, no. 7 (2023): 2763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072763.

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Thermal imaging is a non-destructive test method that uses an external energy source, such as a halogen lamp or flash lamp, to excite the material under test and measure the resulting temperature distribution. One of the important parameters of lock-in thermography is the number of excitation periods, which is used to calculate a phase image that shows defects or inhomogeneities in the material. The results for multiple periods can be averaged, which leads to noise suppression, but the use of a larger number of periods may cause an increase in noise due to unsynchronization of the camera and the external excitation source or may lead to heating and subsequent damage to the sample. The phase image is the most common way of representing the results of lock-in thermography, but amplitude images and complex images can also be obtained. In this study, eight measurements were performed on different samples using a thermal pulse source (flash lamp and halogen lamp) with a period of 120 s. For each sample, five phase images were calculated using different number of periods, preferably one to five periods. The phase image calculated from one period was used as a reference. To determine the effect of the number of excitation periods on the phase image, the reference phase image for one period was compared with the phase images calculated using multiple periods using the structural similarity index (SSIM) and multi-scale SSIM (MS-SSIM).

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CHENG, WEI-CHUNG, and MASSOUD PEDRAM. "POWER-AWARE BUS ENCODING TECHNIQUES FOR I/O AND DATA BUSES IN AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 11, no. 04 (2002): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126602000501.

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Microprocessors with built-in Liquid Crystal Device (LCD) controllers and equipped with Flash ROM are common in mobile computing applications. In the first part of the paper, a software-only encoding technique is proposed to reduce the power consumption of the processor-memory bus when displaying an image on the LCD. Based on the translation mechanism of the LCD controller, the approach of this paper is to start with the palette as a coding table for the pixel buffer and then reassign the codes according to the image characteristics. Experimental results prove the efficacy of this approach; power reduction reaches 29% for text-based and 17% for graphics-based images. In the second part of the paper, another software-only encoding technique is presented to reduce the transitions on the processor-Compact Flash bus. The device driver in a Linux operating system is modified to perform Bus-Invert encoding when the data is read from or written to a Compact Flash file system. With minimal software overhead, the transitions on the bus are reduced by up to 25%.

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Sudrajat, Ajat, Lantip Diat Prasojo, and Zulkarnain Zulkarnain. ""Be a Scientist" Learning media using adobe flash CS3 program containing the materials of the influence of islamic religion and culture in Indonesia for Grade X of vocational school." Journal of Social Studies (JSS) 14, no. 1 (2018): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jss.v14i1.21656.

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This research aims at investigating the needs for image media of "be a scientist" developed using Adobe Flash CS3 program containing the materials of the influence of religion and Islamic culture in Indonesia for learning History of grade X Vocational School and examining the feasibility of "be a Scientist" media developed using Adobe Flash CS3 program containing the materials of the influence of religion and Islamic culture in Indonesia which was developed to be used in the process of learning the history for grade X of Vocational school. This research employed Research and Development (R D) method. The product developed is in the form of "be a scientist" image media using Adobe Flash CS3 program that is appropriate for a learning resource in History subjects. The stages of research include: (1) the preliminary stage, (2) the planning stage of the model as the development of the initial product form, (3) the testing, evaluation and revision stages, and (4) the implementation stage or effectiveness test. Data were colected using FGD (Focus Group Discussion), questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation techniques. The validity of the instrument is achieved through expert judgement, while the validity of qualitative data is carried out using source triangulation techniques, theories and methods. Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis techniques and qualitative data was carried out using an interactive models. The results show that: Adobe Flash CS 3 media images were needed in vocational schools for the development of history learning. The results of the assessment performed by the experts on material and media indicate that "be a scientist" image media using Adobe Flash CS3 program for history learning in Vocational High Schools has a good level of feasibility. This shows that the "be a Scientist" media using the Adobe Flash CS3 program contaiing the material of religious influence and Islamic culture in Indonesia is suitable for history learning in Vocational High Schools grade X.

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Chang, Yakun, Cheolkon Jung, Jun Sun, and Fengqiao Wang. "Siamese Dense Network for Reflection Removal with Flash and No-Flash Image Pairs." International Journal of Computer Vision 128, no. 6 (2020): 1673–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01276-z.

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Pemcak, Ivan, Katerina Novackova, Teodor Balaz, Jaroslav Krejci, and Iveta Bulinova. "Measurement of Flash Intensity at the Muzzle of a Firearm and Possible Protection against its Effects." Advances in Military Technology 19, no. 2 (2025): 253–67. https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01843.

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The constant increase in sensitivity of night vision devices used as weapon sights means that the photocathode may be permanently degraded or overexposed, and microchannels may be ”burned out” by muzzle flash of weapon firing. This is manifested by uneven sensitivity of the photocathode surface or black dots in the field of view. The aim of this paper is to analyze the magnitude of the risk of damage to the image intensifier tube by muzzle flash during a shot and, based on this analysis, to propose possible ways of protection of the image intensifier tube from the effects of muzzle flash during a shot.

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Adytya, Arya Prakasa, and Dede Karunia. "Effective Promotional Strategies: Analyzing the Impact of Flash Sale and Cashback Discounts on Impulsive Buying Behavior in Live Streaming Marketplaces." eCo-Fin 6, no. 3 (2024): 578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32877/ef.v6i3.1564.

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This research aims to analyze the impact of promotional programs, such as Flash Sales and Cashback Discounts, on impulse buying behavior in the context of a live streaming marketplace, with brand image as a moderating factor. The research method involves an online survey of consumers who actively shop in the live streaming marketplace. Research findings indicate that the Flash Sale program has a significant influence in triggering impulse buying behavior among consumers. Cashback Discount Programs also create a strong motivation for impulse purchases. A strong brand image and good reputation tend to increase the effectiveness of promotional programs. The results of the regression analysis show that the Flash Sale and Cashback Discount programs have a positive and significant effect on impulse buying behavior, and brand image moderates the relationship between promotional programs and impulse buying behavior. The implication of this research is that merchants and e-commerce platforms can utilize Flash Sale and Cashback Discount programs as effective tools to encourage impulse purchases. They must also strengthen their brand image to increase the effectiveness of promotional programs. These implications are relevant in designing smarter promotional strategies in a competitive e-commerce environment. Apart from that, consumers also gain valuable insights to make wiser purchasing decisions in the face of various tempting promotional offers.

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Soewito, Bambang M., and Kartika K. Wardani. "PEMANFAATAN SINGLE FLASH EXTERNAL DENGAN GUIDE NUMBER RENDAH UNTUK PEMOTRETAN RUANG." REKAM: Jurnal Fotografi, Televisi, dan Animasi 11, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v11i1.1288.

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Dalam teknik fotografi, cahaya merupakan elemen dasar dalam pembentukan image. Pemahaman tata pencahayaan saat pemotretan mutlak diperlukan karena akan memengaruhi mutu gambar yang didapat. Optimalisasi pencahayaan pada objek dapat diperoleh dengan cara memahami karakternya. Hal itu bisa dilakukan dengan menggolongkan cahaya berdasarkan sumbernya atau mengenal sifat-sifatnya, juga memahami pola terapan cahaya tersebut. Pemotretan interior merupakan salah satu terapan fotografi yang mengeksplorasi detail objek dan suasana ruangan sehingga suatu saat bias saja dibutuhkan lampu tambahan yang berupa flash. Dalam memenuhi tujuan itu, beberapa di antaranya masih banyak yang membutuhkan penggunaan lebih dari satu titik lampu flash beserta aksesorisnya sehingga akan memengaruhi biaya operasionalnya juga. Pada penulisan ini akan disampaikan hasil percobaan tentang pemotretan ruang yang hanya menggunakan sebuah lampu flash eksternal berintensitas kecil, yang bisa dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk meningkatkan kualitas foto sehingga dirasa dapat menekan biaya operasionl pemotretan.Application of Single Flash External Using Low Guide Number for Interior Photography. Light is the basic element of photographic technique in formation of the image. Understanding of the lighting system is important when taking the picture, because it will affect the quality of the image. Optimization of the lighting on the object can be obtained by understanding its character. This can be done by categorize light based source, identify light feature and figure out the pattern of the light. Interior photography is one of applied photography which explores the details of the object and the circumstances of the room, so that it needs extra light in the form of flash. To obtain that objective, usually a much needed to use more than one point of the flash and its accessories, so it affect operational costs as well. In this paper, the author presents the results of experiments on interior photography, which by using a small intensity of light from external flash optimally can improve the quality of the image and also reduce costs of interior photo shoot’s operasional

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Boyanova, Petya, Atanaska Bosakova-Ardenska, Angel Danev, et al. "Evaluation of color stability of ice cream with Spirulina platensis by image processing." BIO Web of Conferences 170 (2025): 01011. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202517001011.

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The current study aimed to evaluate the color stability of ice cream samples with added Spirulina platensis powder by image processing. The change in color characteristics was monitored during 30 days of storage at -18°C. Images of the examined ice cream samples are processed with iceColor software to extract representative color for every sample under different lighting conditions. The used software implements three methods for color extraction: scalar-defined median color, vector-defined median color, and average color for pixels that fall in the selected area. All defined representative colors are compared versus instrumentally measured colors by Minolta chroma meter (CIE L*a*b* system) using correlation analysis. The results indicate that the highest correlation coefficient (about 0,99 as absolute value) is calculated for images captured using embedded flash. There is also a strong correlation between the other two lighting conditions (above 0,7). Based on the experimental results, it can be suggested that control of color changes during the storage period could be performed using image processing for images captured with embedded flash or without any additional lightning when the reduction of energy consumption is more important than precision of color measurement.

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CAO, LIANGZHI, MENGQI WANG, HONGCHUN WU, ZHOUYU LIU, YUXIONG CHENG, and HONGBO ZHANG. "SCATTERING CORRECTION FOR IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION IN FLASH RADIOGRAPHY." Nuclear Engineering and Technology 45, no. 4 (2013): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5516/net.08.2012.074.

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Jesica Apolia Prayogi, Rino Rinaldo, and Elvia Fardiana. "PENGARUH TERPAAN IKLAN PROMOSI SHOPEE ‘FLASH SALE’ DI TELEVISI DAN BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN DALAM MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI SHOPEE." Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 1, no. 2 (2022): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/jukim.v1i2.93.

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Loyalitas konsumen adalah sikap menyenangi terhadap suatu merek yang direpresentasikan dalam pembelian yang konsisten terhadap merek itu sepanjang waktu dalam arti bahwa loyalitas konsumen yaitu konsumen yang terus menerus membeli sebuah produk karena produknya tidak mengecewakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel terpaan iklan promosi flash sale dan brand image terhadap loyalitas konsumen dalam menggunakan aplikasi shopee baik secara parsial dan simultan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data primer. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala likert 5 poin. Populasi dari penelitian ini yaitu seluruh masyarakat yang pernah melihat iklan promosi shopee flash sale di televisi dan pernah menggunakan aplikasi shopee setidaknya satu kali. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel yang terkumpul sebanyak 150. Data tersebut diolah menggunakan metode uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji multikolonieritas, uji heteroskedastisitas, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji koefisien determinasi, uji t dan uji f dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil uji parsial variabel terpaan iklan promosi shopee flash sale dan brand image secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen dalam menggunakan aplikasi shopee. Selanjutnya kedua variabel yaitu terpaan iklan promosi shopee flash sale dan brand image secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen dalam menggunakan aplikasi shopee.

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Li, Mengxia, Beate Winkler, Thomas Pabst, Thorsten Bley, Herbert Köstler, and Henning Neubauer. "Fast MR Imaging of the Paediatric Abdomen with CAIPIRINHA-Accelerated T1w 3D FLASH and with High-Resolution T2w HASTE: A Study on Image Quality." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/693654.

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The aim of this study was to explore the applicability of fast MR techniques to routine paediatric abdominopelvic MRI at 1.5 Tesla. “Controlled Aliasing in Parallel Imaging Results in Higher Acceleration-” (CAIPIRINHA-) accelerated contrast-enhanced-T1w 3D FLASH imaging was compared to standard T1w 2D FLASH imaging with breath-holding in 40 paediatric patients and to respiratory-triggered T1w TSE imaging in 10 sedated young children. In 20 nonsedated patients, we compared T2w TIRM to fat-saturated T2w HASTE imaging. Two observers performed an independent and blinded assessment of overall image quality. Acquisition time was reduced by the factor of 15 with CAIPIRINHA-accelerated T1w FLASH and by 7 with T2w HASTE. With CAIPIRINHA and with HASTE, there were significantly less motion artefacts in nonsedated patients. In sedated patients, respiratory-triggered T1w imaging in general showed better image quality. However, satisfactory image quality was achieved with CAIPIRINHA in two sedated patients where respiratory triggering failed. In summary, fast scanning with CAIPIRINHA and HASTE presents a reliable high quality alternative to standard sequences in paediatric abdominal MRI. Paediatric patients, in particular, benefit greatly from fast image acquisition with less breath-hold cycles or shorter sedation.

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Syaripah, Euis Siti, Nunung Nursyamsiah, and Hikmah Maulani. "Combined Application of Singing Method and Flash Card Media for Students’ Mastery of Arabic Vocabulary." International Journal of Arabic Language Teaching 6, no. 01 (2024): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/ijalt.v6i01.8785.

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Singing is one of the learning methods that aims to help students master the material well. In addition to methods, media is also very important to improve the mastery of students’ memory. One of them is flash card media. Flash card media which is a card containing images, text, or symbols that remind or guide students to something related to the image. At QEC Asy-Syukuriyah using flash cards that measure 8 x 12 cm, because flash cards usually measure 8 x 12 cm or can be adjusted to the size of the class faced by the educator. With the combination of the use of singing methods and flash card media, making the learning process more interesting and further stimulating students mastery of Arabic mufradat material. Based on initial observations, the lack of mastery of students of Arabic vocabulary material at QEC Asy-Syukuriyah Bandung City, the efforts made are to apply a combination of singing methods and flash card media. This research uses qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques were interviews, documentation studies and observations. The data analysis technique carried out by researchers is descriptive qualitative data analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that with the combined application of singing method and flash card media in mastering the Arabic vocabulary of students has increased significantly, because it is proven that students can master Arabic vocabulary well, one of which is through Arabic language material about fingers using flash cards and accompanied by the song Heli Guk Guk Guk.song Heli Guk Guk Guk.

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Ortenzia, O., A. D’Alessio, L. Noferini, and C. Ghetti. "CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO CT SYSTEMS USING A CHANNELIZED HOTELLING OBSERVER AND NPS METRIC." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 189, no. 2 (2020): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa034.

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Abstract We investigated the performances of two computed tomography (CT) systems produced by the same manufacturers (Somatom Flash and Edge Siemens) with different detector technologies (Ultrafast Ceramic and Stellar) and different generation of iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms (SAFIRE and ADMIRE). A homemade phantom was scanned and the images were reconstructed with filtered back-projection (FBP) and IR algorithms. In terms of image quality, the performances of the systems were checked using the low-contrast detectability, evaluated by a Channelized Hotelling Observer (CHO), and the noise power spectrum (NPS). The analysis with CHO showed the best performance of Edge respect to Flash system for both FBP and IR algorithms. This better behavior, which reaches 20%, has been ascribed to the Stellar detector. From the NPS analysis, the noise reduction due to Stellar detector was 57%, moreover ADMIRE algorithm preserves a more traditional CT image texture appearance versus SAFIRE due to a lower NPS peak shift.

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Qi, Yueran, Yang Feng, Hai Wang, et al. "Flash-Based Computing-in-Memory Architecture to Implement High-Precision Sparse Coding." Micromachines 14, no. 12 (2023): 2190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14122190.

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To address the concerns with power consumption and processing efficiency in big-size data processing, sparse coding in computing-in-memory (CIM) architectures is gaining much more attention. Here, a novel Flash-based CIM architecture is proposed to implement large-scale sparse coding, wherein various matrix weight training algorithms are verified. Then, with further optimizations of mapping methods and initialization conditions, the variation-sensitive training (VST) algorithm is designed to enhance the processing efficiency and accuracy of the applications of image reconstructions. Based on the comprehensive characterizations observed when considering the impacts of array variations, the experiment demonstrated that the trained dictionary could successfully reconstruct the images in a 55 nm flash memory array based on the proposed architecture, irrespective of current variations. The results indicate the feasibility of using Flash-based CIM architectures to implement high-precision sparse coding in a wide range of applications.

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Zhang, Hufeng, Chenxin Quan, and Chuwen Quan. "P‐6.11: Optimizing AMOLED Product Data Programming via eDP Interface." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, S1 (2024): 1025–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17266.

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This paper studies how to implement Flash data programming for AMOLED display module products through eDP interface. eDP interface is an internal digital interface based on DisplayPort architecture and protocol, which has the advantages of high transmission rate and low power consumption, but is not suitable for transmitting non‐image or video data. Therefore, AMOLED display modules usually need additional interfaces to write key data (such as Demura, Gamma and TCON firmware) into Flash chips, which brings some problems of data transmission interference, unreliability and inefficiency. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new operation method, which repackages the data to be written, converts them into images, sends them to TCON through eDP interface, and then TCON analyzes the images, extracts the valid data, and starts programming for Flash. This paper divides the whole process into three steps, and verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method through experiments. This method effectively solves the problem of data programming, simplifies the production process, and improves the speed and reliability of programming.

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Watanabe, Yoichi, Chung K. Lee, and Bruce J. Gerbi. "Geometrical accuracy of a 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging unit in Gamma Knife surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 105, Supplement (2006): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/sup.2006.105.7.190.

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ObjectThe authors sought to evaluate and improve the geometrical accuracy of a 3-tesla magnetic resonance (MR) imaging unit used for Gamma Knife surgery (GKS).MethodsTo evaluate the geometrical accuracy of a Siemens Magnetom Trio 3-tesla MR imaging unit, two phantoms were used. Both phantoms were imaged with computed tomography (CT), a 1.5-tesla MR imaging unit (Siemens Avanto), and the 3-tesla MR imaging unit. A pair of orthogonal films was obtained with a radiotherapy simulator to validate the spatial coordinates of the marker positions determined with CT. The coordinates of the markers were measured using the GammaPlan treatment planning software. Magnetic resonance imaing was performed using three-dimensional (3D) magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) and fast low-angle shot sequence (FLASH) pulse sequences. The voxel size was 1 × 1 × 1 mm3.Conclusions The root-mean-square error of MR images was 2 ± 0.73 mm for 3D MPRAGE. The error was reduced to 1.5 ± 0.64 mm for FLASH. The errors were decreased further by applying an image distortion correction method (the field-of-view filter) to the images acquired with FLASH. The mean errors were 1.3 ± 0.39 mm and 1.5 ± 0.77 mm for the two phantoms. The errors increased from 1 mm to 3.1 mm as the measurement points approached the caudal edge of the head coil (larger z value). Proper selection of a pulse sequence together with a geometrical distortion correction improved the geometrical accuracy of MR images. However, further study is needed to increase the geometrical accuracy of 3-tesla MR imaging units for radiosurgical applications.

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Smeets, Jeroen B. J., and Eli Brenner. "The mechanisms responsible for the flash-lag effect cannot provide the motor prediction that we need in daily life." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 2 (2008): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08003993.

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AbstractThe visual prediction that Nijhawan proposes cannot explain why the flash-lag effect depends on what happens after the flash. Moreover, using a visual prediction based on retinal image motion to compensate for neuronal time delays will seldom be of any use for motor control, because one normally pursues objects with which one intends to interact with ones eyes.

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LI Jin, 李进, 金龙旭 JIN Long-xu, 韩双丽 HAN Shuang-li, 李国宁 LI Guo-ning, and 王文华 WANG Wen-hua. "Reliability of space image recorder based on NAND flash memory." Optics and Precision Engineering 20, no. 5 (2012): 1090–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20122005.1090.

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Moon, Bochang, Jong Yun Jun, JongHyeob Lee, Kunho Kim, Toshiya Hachisuka, and Sung-Eui Yoon. "Robust Image Denoising Using a Virtual Flash Image for Monte Carlo Ray Tracing." Computer Graphics Forum 32, no. 1 (2013): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12004.

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Guan Yonghong, 管永红, 王鹏来 Wang Penglai, and 景越峰 Jiang Yuefeng. "Reconstruction of flash radiographic image based on Bayesian approach." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 9 (2011): 2495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20112309.2495.

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Li, Wen, Jun Zhang, and Qiong-hai Dai. "Robust blind motion deblurring using near-infrared flash image." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 24, no. 8 (2013): 1394–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2013.09.008.

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MIZUNO, Takahide, Hirokazu IKEDA, Terumasa NAGANO, et al. "Three-dimensional Image Sensor with MPPC for Flash LIDAR." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 63, no. 2 (2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.63.42.

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