Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flash Video'

We are witnessing a proliferation of video in the Internet; YouTube is the most bandwidth intensive service of today’s Internet. It accounts for 20 - 35% of the Internet traffic with 35 hours of videos uploaded every minute and more than 700 billion playbacks in 2010. Netflix, a web service that streams premium contents such as TV series, shows, and movies, consumes 30% of the network bandwidth in North America at peak time. Recently, leveraging the content distribution networks (CDNs), a new paradigm for video streaming on the Internet has emerged, namely, Adaptive HTTP Streaming (AHS). AHS has become the industry standard for video streaming over the Internet adopted by broadcast networks as well as VoD services such as YouTube, Netflix, Hulu, etc. In the 90’s and early 2000’s, Internet-based video streaming for high-bitrate video was challenging due to hardware limitations. In that era, to cover the hardware limitations, every software component of a video server needed to be carefully optimized to support the real-time guarantees for jitter-free video delivery. However, most of the software solutions have become less important with the remarkable hardware improvements over the past two decades. There is 100× speedup in CPU speeds; RAM capacity has increased by 1,000×; hard disk drive (HDD) capacity has grown by 10,000×. Today, CPU is no longer a bottleneck for video streaming. On the other hand, storage bandwidth and network bandwidth are still serious bottlenecks for large scale on-demand video streaming. In this dissertation, we aim at a scalable video content distribution system that addresses both storage bottleneck and network bottleneck. The first part of the dissertation pertains to the storage system on the server side: A multi-tiered storage system that exploits a flash memory solid-state drive (SSD) can meet the bandwidth needs in a much more cost- effective way than a traditional two-tier storage system. We first identify the challenges in architecting such a system given the performance quirks of flash-based SSDs, and the lim- itations of state-of-the-art multi-tiered storage systems for video streaming. Armed with the knowledge of these challenges, we show how to construct such a storage system and implement a real web server with multi-tiered storage, evaluate the system with AHS work- loads, and demonstrate significant performance gains while reducing the TCO. The second part of the dissertation pertains to the network system on the client side: Integrating peer- to-peer (P2P) technology with the client-server paradigm results in a much more scalable video content distribution system. AHS is a paradigm for client-driven video streaming; its philosophy matches well with that of P2P video streaming. An adaptation mechanism is the most important component of AHS that determines overall video streaming quality and user experience. We show a throughput-smoothing-based adaptation mechanism that is designed for a client-server architecture does not work well for a P2P architecture. We pro- vide a buffer-based adaptation mechanism, evaluate our solution with OMNeT++/INET simulator, and demonstrate significant performance gains.

In recent years, the high maintenance cost of centralized video on demand sys tems has led to the development of peer to peer video on demand systems. These peer to peer systems help to remove the cost and bandwidth limitations of a centralized group of servers. In a peer to peer scenario, the publisher and a small set of peers who were published to must handle all video requests. If many peers request a video after it is released, the small set of peers with the video cached may not have enough bandwidth to satisfy all requests. This situation is known as a flash crowd. We propose a hybrid peer to peer framework that allows publishers to publish videos before release time. For marketing purposes, it is common for videos that are ready for distribution to be kept from being released until a preset release time. By distributing a video before the release time, more peers will have the video at release time, thus allowing more requests to be handled. A hybrid peer to peer encryption management system is used to prevent users from viewing videos before release time. In order to determine who to distribute a video to before users are allowed to view the video, we design a hybrid peer to peer subscription system. In this system, users may specify interest in sets of videos and are notified of new videos matching the interest so that retrieval may start. Finally, we modify an existing peer to peer video on demand framework to better handle concurrent streaming and downloading. Our experiments show that this framework can greatly increase a peer to peer streaming system’s ability to handle flash crowd situations.

This document describes resources for creating an advanced presentation. Advanced parts include virtual three-dimensional scene,  three-dimensional objects and video. Describes and summarizes selected technologies and possibilities of using them. Document  also includes concept of  presentation and its implementation realized by suitable resources. The platform Flash has been chosen for creating  in operating system Windows.

<p>I traditionella butiker kan kunden välja att ta kontakt med en försäljare för att få information om produkter eller tjänster. Försäljaren kan tipsa om lösningar efter kundens behov, även visa upp hur produkten fungerar och kunden kan själv välja vilken fråga han eller hon vill ha svar på. Den här mänskliga realtidskontakten kan i många fall vara värdefull och förtroendegivande för kunden. Vi antar att mervärden skapas för kunden när denne kan mötas ansikte mot ansikte och samtala med försäljare i en webbutik. För att se vilka dessa mervärden kunde vara, designade vi en prototyp för videosamtal. Denna implementerades i en fiktiv webbutik, som tillhandhöll kläder. Fem testpersoner fick agera presumtiva kunder och föra videosamtal med en professionell försäljare. Testpersonerna och försäljaren satt i olika rum och videosamtalen fördes via ett lokalt nätverk. Efter varje test genomfördes en kvalitativ intervju med testpersonerna och resultaten visade vilka mervärden som hade skapats. Ett mervärde var den personliga servicen med omedelbar feedback som försäljaren gav, i huvudsak via ljudkanalen. Videosamtalen medförde att kunderna kunde förhandla om priser och leveranstider. Ett annat var att kunder kunde få sina klädmått bedömda, men endast korrekt bedömda i två fall av fem. Ett annat visuellt mervärde var att kunden kunde be försäljaren att visa upp olika kombinationer av klädesplagg för att se hur de passade ihop med varandra. En testperson tyckte ett mervärde var att klädesplaggen kunde ses ur den vinkel som önskades. Ytterligare ett mervärde var att webbutiken upplevdes som trovärdig när försäljaren fanns i den som en fysisk gestalt. Testpersonerna tyckte att videosamtalen gjorde att de fick förtroende för webbutiken.</p><br><p>In retail shops in real life the customer can chose to contact a salesman to get information about products or services. The salesman can recommend solutions depending on the customers needs. The salesman can show the product to the customer and tell how it works. The customer on the other hand can ask questions to the salesman about the product to get the specific information that interests him or her. This human contact in real time can be valuable and confidece inspiring for the customer in many situations. We assume there are surplus values for the customer when he or she will meet face to face with a salesman via a video call in a webshop. To find out which these surplus values could be we designed a prototype for video calls. This was implemented in a fictitious webshop that supplied clothes. Five persons with experience from webbshopping acted customers and had video calls with a professional salesman. The customers and the salesman were in different rooms and could only communicate through a video call. Their computers were connected via a local network. We did qualitative interviews with every customer after each test and the results showed the surplus values that were generated. One surplus value was the personal service with instant feedback that the customer got from the salesman, mainly through the sound channel. The video calls resulted in negotiations about prices and delivery times. Another surplus value was that the salesman estimated the customers sizes in trousers and jackets. He only succeded in two cases of five. Another visual surplus value was that the customer asked the salesman to show articles of clothing in different combinations to see how them fit together. One person thought one surplus value was that he could see an article of clothing from whichever angle he wished. Further surplus value was that the customers experienced the webshop as trustworthy when the salesman was there as a physical human being. The customers thought that the video calls caused that they got confidence in the webshop.</p>

>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>Many South African Deaf people use their mobile phones for communication with SMSs yet they would prefer to converse in South African Sign Language. Deaf people with a capital `D' are different from deaf or hard of hearing as they primarily use sign language to communicate. This study explores how to design and evaluate a prototype that will allow a Deaf person using SASL to tell a hearing doctor how s/he is feeling and provide a way for the doctor to respond. A computer{based prototype was designed and evaluated with the Deaf people in a previous study. Results from the user trial of the computer{based mock{up indicated that Deaf users would like to see the prototype on a cell phone. Those user trial results, combined with our own user survey results conducted with Deaf people, are used as requirements. We built a prototype for a mobile phone browser by embedding SASL videos inside XHTML pages using Adobe Flash. The prototype asks medical questions using SASL videos. These questions are arranged in an organized way that helps in identifying a medical problem. The answers to the questions are then displayed in English and shown to the doctor on the phone. A content authoring tool was also designed and implemented. The content authoring tool is used for populating the prototype in a context free manner allowing for plug and play scenarios such as a doctor's office, Department of Home A airs or police station. A focus group consisting of Deaf people was conducted to help in the design and pilot trial of the system. A final user trial was conducted with more than thirty Deaf people and the results are presented and analyzed. Data is collected with questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and video recordings. The results indicate that most of the Deaf people found the system easy to learn, easy to navigate through, did not get lost and understood the sign language in the videos on the mobile phone. The hand gestures and facial expressions on the sign language videos were clear. Most of them indicated they would like to use the system for free, and that the system did not ask too many questions. Most of them were happy with the quality of the sign language videos on the mobile phone and would consider using the system in real life. Finally they felt their private information was safe while using the system. Many South African Deaf people use their mobile phones for communication with SMSs yet they would prefer to converse in South African Sign Language. Deaf people with a capital `D' are different from deaf or hard of hearing as they primarily use sign language to communicate. This study explores how to design and evaluate a prototype that will allow a Deaf person using SASL to tell a hearing doctor how s/he is feeling and provide a way for the doctor to respond. A computer{based prototype was designed and evaluated with the Deaf people in a previous study. Results from the user trial of the computer{based mock{up indicated that Deaf users would like to see the prototype on a cell phone. Those user trial results, combined with our own user survey results conducted with Deaf people, are used as requirements. We built a prototype for a mobile phone browser by embedding SASL videos inside XHTML pages using Adobe Flash. The prototype asks medical questions using SASL videos. These questions are arranged in an organized way that helps in identifying a medical problem. The answers to the questions are then displayed in English and shown to the doctor on the phone. A content authoring tool was also designed and implemented. The content authoring tool is used for populating the prototype in a context free manner allowing for plug and play scenarios such as a doctor's office, Department of Home A airs or police station. A focus group consisting of Deaf people was conducted to help in the design and pilot trial of the system. A final user trial was conducted with more than thirty Deaf people and the results are presented and analyzed. Data is collected with questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and video recordings. The results indicate that most of the Deaf people found the system easy to learn, easy to navigate through, did not get lost and understood the sign language in the videos on the mobile phone. The hand gestures and facial expressions on the sign language videos were clear. Most of them indicated they would like to use the system for free, and that the system did not ask too many questions. Most of them were happy with the quality of the sign language videos on the mobile phone and would consider using the system in real life. Finally they felt their private information was safe while using the system.<br>South Africa

Detta projekt har producerats i samarbete med Abu Garcia i Svängsta, Blekinge. Vårat projekt är en interaktiv produkt presentation gjord i flash med inslag av 3d, video och ljud. Våran tanke är att användaren ska kunna se hur en Ambassadeur Record fiskerulle ser ut både på insidan och utsidan, hur den fungerar och vad som gör den så unik. Det finns också video filmer som beskriver tillverknings processen, och hur man som förstagångs användare använder en Ambassadeur rulle. Design och bakgrundsljud är anpassad så att den ska väcka en känsla av fiske och fridfull utomhus miljö.<br>This project has been produced in cooperation with Abu Garcia in Svängsta, Blekinge. Our project is an interactive presentation of a product made in Flash with 3D, video and sound. The idea is to show the user what an Ambassadeur Record looks like both on the inside and the outside, how it works and what makes it unique.<br>Carl-Johan Nilsson, cjni03@student.bth.se Conny Högkvist, coho03@student.bth.se Kristoffer Edvardsson, kred03@student.bth.se Tobias Nilsson, tona03@student.bth.se

Métodos de produção eficientes que economizam tempo e energia são sempre exigidos e novos processos de sinterização de baixo custo têm sido desenvolvidos para materiais cerâmicos e implementados por empresas e pesquisadores em todo o mundo. Com este objetivo, uma nova abordagem conhecida como Flash Sintering está atraindo grande interesse. Esta nova técnica de sinterização envolve a aplicação de campo elétrico através de uma amostra durante o aquecimento, gerando assim aceleração abrupta da cinética de densificação, diminuindo o tempo de sinterização de horas para segundos e diminuindo o aquecimento do forno em até centenas de graus Celsius. Frequentemente descritas para cerâmicas policristalinas e compósitos de cerâmica e vidro, a sinterização auxiliada por campo elétrico com apenas vidro não foi encontrado na literatura. A sinterização assistida por campo elétrico foi controlada com sucesso, sem que ocorresse o escoamento da amostra, obtendo uma elevada densidade relativa do vidro comercial. Um vidro de janela soda-cal-sílica não estequiométrica foi usado na pesquisa devido à sua importância comercial, por ser um material de partida de baixo custo, por apresentar condução iônica e haver na literatura dados de propriedades físicas e de cinética de sinterização convencional. O campo elétrico também influencia fortemente a cinética de sinterização do vidro soda-cal-sílica. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados com cálculos analíticos realizados a partir do modelo de Clusters não-isotérmico de sinterização de vidro por fluxo viscoso com cristalização concorrente. O aumento de temperatura nos compactos de pó de vidro durante o aquecimento do forno e aplicação de campo elétrico foi estimado usando um modelo de radiação de corpo negro. Preliminarmente, o aumento da temperatura devido ao efeito Joule pode explicar a diminuição da temperatura de amolecimento em comparação com a temperatura do forno e a sinterização rápida do vidro estudado.<br>Efficient production methods saving time and energy are always demanded and novel reduced-cost sintering processes have being developed for ceramic materials and implemented by companies and researchers of all over the world. With this aim, a new sintering approach generally known as flash sintering is attracting great interest. This new sintering technique involves the application of electric field through a sample while heating, thereby generating abrupt acceleration of the densification kinetics, decreasing the sintering time from hours to seconds and decreasing the oven heating in up to hundreds of degrees Celsius. Well described for polycrystalline ceramics and ceramic-and-glass composites, the sintering of pure glass aided by electric field is still lacking in the literature. The sintering assisted by electric field, was successfully controlled, without sample flow, achieved a high relative density of a commercial glass. A non-stoichiometric soda-lime-silica window glass was used due to its commercial importance, low cost starting material, ionic conduction, and literature on physical properties and conventional sintering kinetics. Electric field was observed to also strongly influence window glass sintering kinetics. The experimental results were compared with analytical calculations obtained from the non-isothermal Clusters model of glass sintering by viscous flow with concurrent crystallization. The temperature increase in the glass powder compacts during oven heating and electric field application was estimated by using a black-body radiation model. Preliminary, the temperature increase due to Joule effect can explain the softening temperature decrease compared with the oven temperature, and the fast sintering of the studied glass.

Dans le cadre de la construction du réacteur de fusion ITER, l’IRSN mène des travaux de recherche pour évaluer les conséquences de différents scénarios d'accidents pouvant conduire à l'endommagement de la chambre à vide du tokamak et induisant potentiellement un risque de dissémination de matières radioactives dans l’environnement. Le scénario considéré dans le cadre de cette étude est la perte de vide par entrée d’eau ou ICE (Ingress of Coolant Event) dont les conséquences sont susceptibles d’entrainer la formation d’hydrogène générant ainsi un risque d’explosion. Afin d'évaluer la quantité de poussières qui pourrait être mobilisée dans la chambre à vide du tokamak (dont dépend la quantité d’hydrogène produite) il est nécessaire d’identifier et de quantifier les mécanismes contribuant à la mise en suspension des particules à basse pression lors d’un scénario de perte de vide par entrée d’eau ou ICE. Lors d’un ICE, l’eau du circuit de refroidissement pénètre dans la chambre à vide à une température supérieure à son point d'ébullition en raison des conditions dites ITER like (basses pression et température) et subit une atomisation par effet thermodynamique dite flash. Le problème de l’atomisation flash dans le vide et de son impact sur la mise en suspension de poussières est particulièrement complexe. L’atomisation flash relève en effet du domaine des écoulements diphasiques en présence de phases métastables du point de vue de la thermodynamique et de changements de phase extrêmement rapides. De plus, l’atomisation en fines gouttelettes et la vaporisation intense qui ont lieu au niveau de la brèche peuvent donner lieu à des effets de compressibilité forts pouvant se traduire par l’apparition d’écoulements diphasiques supersoniques, de chocs et tout cela toujours à la limite des milieux raréfiés. Pour mener cette étude expérimentale, le développement d'un nouveau banc expérimental (FAAMUS, Flash Atomization and Aerosols Mobilization Under vacuum System) associé à une métrologie basée sur les techniques de PIV et d’ombroscopie haute cadence et adaptée à la caractérisation des écoulements diphasiques a fait l’objet de la première phase du travail de thèse. Des algorithmes de post-traitement ont également été développés pour extraire des données qualitatives et quantitatives sur la morphologie de l’écoulement diphasique et sur les vitesses des gouttes en sortie de brèche. Des expériences ont été réalisées afin d'étudier les phénomènes d'atomisation flash pour des conditions expérimentales représentatives de celles d’un ICE dans ITER ainsi que pour des conditions thermodynamiques élargies. Dans les conditions dites ITER like, nous avons pu mettre clairement en évidence et décrire la détente supersonique du jet diphasique en sortie de brèche. C’est un écoulement complexe pour lequel nous avons pu également quantifier sa sensibilité à la nature du régime d’écoulement diphasique développé dans le circuit en amont de la brèche. Les expérimentations effectuées ont permis d’obtenir l’évolution de la morphologie du spray ainsi que de la vitesse des gouttes produites sur une grande gamme de surchauffe. Ainsi, l’angle de spray atteint un angle de 150° tandis que la vitesse des gouttes dépasse les 60 m/s à forte surchauffe.L’évolution de ces caractéristiques n’est pas linéaire avec la surchauffe et dépend de nombreux paramètres géométriques et thermodynamiques. Des expériences préliminaires de mise en suspension aéraulique de particules à basse pression par flashage de jet liquide ont été réalisées et laissent entrevoir de nombreuses perspectives sur la problématique du comportement des poussières lors d’un scénario d’ICE dans ITER<br>As the ITER fusion reactor is being built, IRSN is conducting research to assess the consequences of various accident scenarios that could lead to damage to the vacuum chamber of the tokamak and potentially lead to a risk of radioactive materials being released into the environment. The scenario considered in this study is the loss of vacuum by water ingress or ICE (Ingress of Coolant Event), the consequences of which are likely to lead to the formation of hydrogen, thus generating a risk of explosion. In order to evaluate the quantity of dust that could be mobilized in the vacuum chamber of the tokamak (to which depends the quantity of hydrogen produced) it is necessary to identify and quantify the mechanisms contributing to the resuspension of particles at low pressure during a vacuum loss by ingress of coolant or ICE scenario. During an ICE, the water from the cooling circuit enters the vacuum chamber at a temperature above its boiling point due to the ITER like conditions (low pressure and high temperature) and undergoes atomization by thermodynamic effect known as flash boiling. The phenomenon of flash atomization in a vacuum and its impact on dust mobilisation is a particularly complex problem. Flash atomization falls under two-phase flow in the presence of thermodynamically metastable phases and extremely rapid phase changes. Moreover, the atomisation into fine droplets and the intense vaporization that takes place at the breach can give rise to strong compressibility effects that can result in the appearance of supersonic two-phase flows, shocks and this at the limit of rarefied environments. To conduct this experimental study, the development of a new experimental bench (FAAMUS, Flash Atomization and Aerosols Mobilization Under vacuum System) associated with metrology adapted to the characterization of two-phase flows based on high speed PIV and shadowgraphy techniques was the subject of the first part of the thesis work. Post-processing algorithms were also developed to extract qualitative and quantitative data on the morphology of the two-phase flow and on the velocities of the drops leaving the breach. Experiments have been carried out to study flash atomization phenomena for experimental conditions representative of those of an ICE in ITER as well as for extended thermodynamic conditions. Under ITER like conditions, we have been able to clearly demonstrate and describe the supersonic expansion of the two-phase jet as it exits the breach. This is a complex flow for which we were also able to quantify its sensitivity to the nature of the two-phase flow regime developed in the circuit upstream of the breach. The experiments carried out allowed us to obtain the evolution of the spray morphology as well as the velocity of the drops produced over a large range of overheat. Thus, the spray angle reaches an angle of 150° while the velocity of the drops exceeds 60 m/s at high overheat. The evolution of these characteristics is not linear with superheat and depends on many geometrical and thermodynamical parameters. Preliminary experiments on aeraulics resuspension of particles at low pressure by liquid-jet flashing have been carried out and provide many insights into the problem of dust behaviour under an ICE scenario inITER

La flash-détente® sous vide, une nouvelle alternative aux procédés traditionnels de blanchiment-broyage, est un procédé consistant à étuver le matériel végétal (fruits, légumes) à 60-90ºC puis à l'introduire brutalement dans une chambre sous vide poussé (30-50 mBar). Lors de la détente sous vide, l'évaporation instantanée d'une fraction de l'eau de constitution (10 %) entraîne une désagrégation du matériel végétal suite à l'expansion avec formation de micro-canaux intercellulaires. Ce procédé adiabatique, mis en oeuvre sur fruit de la passion pourpre, mangue et citron, a permis d'obtenir après raffinage des purées présentant des caractéristiques particulières par rapport aux jus et purées obtenus par un procédé traditionnel. Les purées flash détente® présentent des consistances et viscosités très nettement supérieures aux produits de référence suite à l'incorporation d'une partie de l'enveloppe externe des fruits et donc à des teneurs en parois cellulaires plus élevées, mais aussi de par l'accroissement de l'espace intercellulaire au niveau de la lamelle moyenne. Les purées flash détente® présentent aussi des colorations plus claires et plus intenses suite à l'incorporation de molécules colorées (anthocyanes) et de tissus blanchâtres (albedo) provenant de l'enveloppe externe des fruits, avec pour le citron, une amérisation de la purée flash détente®. Enfin, les huiles essentielles ont été récupérées par application du procédé flash détente® à des écorces d'agrumes (citron, orange douce, mandarine et pomelo) avec des rendements comparables aux procédés d'extraction traditionnels. En comparaison avec des huiles pressées à froid, elles sont enrichies en hydrocarbures terpéniques et appauvries en composés oxygénés.

Los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron comparar el efecto de tres técnicas de cocción en varios vegetales y su selección para cada producto estudiado. Para ello, los trabajos realizados han considerado los cambios en las propiedades físico-químicas, nutricionales, sensoriales y la microestructura. Asimismo, como respuesta al reto de aplicar tratamientos equivalentes en firmeza con diferentes técnicas de cocción se ha propuesto una metodología que combina los diseños experimentales de superficie respuesta (RSM) con análisis instrumentales y sensoriales. Los tratamientos térmicos estudiados fueron la cocción tradicional (TC¿ agua hirviendo a 100 °C) junto con dos tratamientos que utilizan el vacío en el procesado: el cook-vide (CV¿ cocción a vacío continuo donde los alimentos están en contacto con agua hirviendo a baja presión) y el sous-vide (SV¿ cocción de alimentos previamente embolsados a vacío donde el alimento está separado del agua de cocción). Los vegetales objeto de estudio fueron la patata morada (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte), la judía verde (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Estefania), la zanahoria (Daucus carota L. cv. Nantesa) y la col lombarda (o repollo colorado) (Brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata f. rubra). Considerando muestras con firmeza instrumental similar y las propiedades nutricionales y sensoriales (especialmente aroma y sabor), incluyendo la aceptación del consumidor, se recomienda la cocción SV para los vegetales estudiados, excepto para la zanahoria. En el caso de este vegetal el cocinado tradicional (100 °C) mantiene la aceptabilidad del consumidor y aumenta la extracción de los ß-carotenos por lo que se considera más recomendable que el SV.<br>Iborra Bernad, MDC. (2013). Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32953<br>TESIS

Architecture and music share intrinsic meanings generated by a constant stream of metaphors which are forms of poetic transformations. This thesis sought to challenge the present way an architect-musician makes drawings through the exploration of multimedia possibilities at hand. The drawings are composed using Macromedia Flash MX. OPEN HOMEPAGE.EXE To download flash player, click here: <a href="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/download.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash"> Download flash Player</a><br>Master of Architecture

Placas oclusais são dispositivos intraorais utilizados no manejo de pacientes que apresentam desordens do sono, migrânia do tipo tensional e outros. No entanto são os cirurgiões dentistas que predominantemente utilizam as placas oclusais como tratamento do equilíbrio das arcadas dentárias nas disfunções temporomandibulares, prevenção de desgaste dental em pacientes com hábitos parafuncionais e na prevenção de traumas em atletas. Vários métodos têm sido empregados para reforçar resinas acrílicas, como reforço metálico e atualmente a incorporação de diferentes tipos de fibras tais como: carbono, polietileno e vidro. Contudo a adição de fibras de vidro com partículas menores em algumas propriedades mecânicas ainda permanecem desconhecidas. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar algumas propriedades mecânicas como a rugosidade de superfície, microdureza, módulo de elasticidade e resistência flexural em resinas acrílicas após a incorporação de fibras de vidro particuladas pré silanizadas. Material e método: Para avaliação das propriedades foram confeccionados vinte e quatro corpos de prova (65 x 10 x 3 mm) de cada marca comercial de resina acrílica, utilizadas para confecção de placas oclusais, Vipi Flash (autopolimerizável), Vipi Wave (termopolimerizável por calor de microondas), Vipi Crill, Lucitone e QC-20 (termopolimerizáveis por calor de banho de água), sendo doze corpos-de-prova controles, e doze experimentais, com adição de 10% em peso de fibras de vidro particuladas (Reforplás S/A, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Após a realização do acabamento superficial dos corpos de prova com lixas de carborundum e feltros era realizada a avaliação da rugosidade superficial em rugosímetro (Mitutoyo®) com três leituras ao longo dos corpos-de-prova, a microdureza Vickers era analisada em um microdurômetro (Micro Hardness Tester, Shimadzu, Japan) com cinco mensurações em cada corpo-de-prova, e para avaliar os ensaios de resistência flexural e módulo de elasticidade os corpos-de-prova foram avaliados por meio uma máquina de ensaios universal (Emic DL 2000®, Emic, São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brasil), com velocidade de 5mm/min. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, usando testes paramétricos e não paramétricos, de acordo com a distribuição da amostra. Resultados: As médias e desvios padrões do teste de rugosidade superficial em Ra foram Vipi Flash sem fibra (0,10 ± 0,03); Vipi Flash com fibra (0,12 ± 0,01); Vipi Wave sem fibra (0,16 ± 0,02); Vipi Wave com fibra (0,13 ± 0,02); Vipi Cril sem fibra (0,12 ± 0,03); Vipi Crill com fibra (0,15 ± 0,03); Lucitone sem fibra (0,10 ± 0,02); Lucitone com fibra (0,09 ± 0,04); QC-20 sem fibra (0,11 ± 0,02) e QC-20 com fibra (0,18 ± 0,03). As médias e desvios-padrão ao teste de microdureza Knoop com relação às marcas comerciais foram: Vipi Flash sem fibra (15,35 ± 0,3); Vipi Flash com fibra (15,51 ± 0,4); Vipi Wave sem fibra (16,60 ± 0,8); Vipi Wave com fibra (17,25 ± 0,9); Vipi Cril sem fibra (17,78 ± 2,27); Vipi Crill com fibra (18,02 ± 1,0); Lucitone sem fibra (15,72 ± 0,3); Lucitone com fibra (16,69 ± 0,6); QC-20 sem fibra (15,91 ± 0,4) e QC-20 com fibra (15,63 ± 0,2). As médias e desvios-padrão ao teste de módulo de elasticidade foram: Vipi Flash sem fibra (2952,76 ± 292,12); Vipi Flash com fibra (3373,49 ± 403,76); Vipi Wave sem fibra (2511,69 ± 304,09); Vipi Wave com fibra (3225,01 ± 248,66); Vipi Cril sem fibra (2745,61± 288,86); Vipi Crill com fibra (3671,67 ± 329,91); Lucitone sem fibra (1904,53 ± 149,05); Lucitone com fibra (3056,87 ± 126,11); QC-20 sem fibra (1913,86 ± 147,80) e QC-20 com fibra (2858,32 ± 185,26). As médias e desvios-padrão ao teste de resistência flexural foram Vipi Flash sem fibra (81,62 ± 4,82); Vipi Flash com fibra (83,98 ± 4,98); Vipi Wave sem fibra (83,52 ± 8,79); Vipi Wave com fibra (88,98± 8,47); Vipi Cril sem fibra (64,17± 5,46); Vipi Crill com fibra (93,37 ± 9,97); Lucitone sem fibra (74,71± 9,43); Lucitone com fibra (87,29 ± 4,73); QC-20 sem fibra (75,80 ± 8,82) e QC-20 com fibra (81,67± 12,97). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a incorporação de fibras provocou alterações em praticamente todas as propriedades analisadas, sendo, portanto facilmente utilizável como um reforço adicional às resinas acrílicas. Com relação à dureza superficial as resinas acrílicas termopolimerizável por banho de água e termopolimerizável por calor de microondas apresentaram maiores valores quando comparados com a resina acrílica autopolimerizável. Além disso, a adição de fibras de vidro particuladas aumentou os valores de rugosidade de algumas resinas acrílicas Vipi Crill, Vipi Flash e Vipi Wave e se manteve constante nas resinas Lucitone e QC-20. A adição de fibra de vidro não aumentou significantemente a microdureza Knoop nos grupos em estudo. Com relação à resistência flexural as fibras de vidro particuladas aumentaram significantemente todos os valores, assim como o módulo de elasticidade das resinas acrílicas reforçadas pela adição de fibras de vidro.<br>Intraoral Occlusal splints are devices used in the management of patients with sleep disorders, migraine type tension and others. But dentists who are predominantly using the plates as a treatment of occlusal balance of the dental arches in temporomandibular disorders, prevention of tooth wear in patients with habits and prevention of injuries in athletes. Several methods have been used to strengthen acrylic resins, such as metal reinforcement and are currently incorporating different types of fibers such as carbon, polyethylene and glass. However the addition of glass fibers with smaller particles on mechanical properties are still unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate some mechanical properties such as surface roughness, hardness, elastic modulus and flexural strength in acrylic resins after the incorporation of glass fiber particulate pre silanized. Methods: To evaluate the properties were made twenty-four specimens (65 x 10 x 3 mm) of each brand of acrylic resin, used for fabrication of occlusal splints, Vipi Flash (self-curing), Vipi Wave (by thermo microwave heat), Vipi CRILL, Lucitone and QC-20 (thermo heat water bath), with twelve specimes controls, and twelve experimental, with the addition of 10 wt% glass fiber particulate (Reforplás S / A, São Paulo, Brazil). After completion of the roughness of the specimens with grit carborundum and felt it was evaluated the surface roughness on roughness tester (Mitutoyo ®) with three readings over the specimes, the microhardness was examined with a hardness ( Micro Hardness Tester, Shimadzu, Japan) with five measurements in each specime, and evaluate the tests for flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimes was evaluated using a universal testing machine (Emic DL 2000 ®, Emic, São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brazil), with speed 5mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests, according to the sample distribution. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the test surface roughness were Vipi Flash without fiber (0.10 ± 0.03); Flash Vipi with fiber (0.12 ± 0.01); Vipi Wave without fiber (0, 16 ± 0.02); Vipi Wave with fiber (0.13 ± 0.02); Vipi Cril without fiber (0.12 ± 0.03); Vipi CRILL with fiber (0.15 ± 0.03); Lucitone without fiber (0.10 ± 0.02); Lucitone with fiber (0.09 ± 0.04), QC-20 fiber without (0.11 ± 0.02) and QC-20 with fiber (0.18 ± 0.03). Means and standard deviations for Knoop microhardness test with respect to trademarks were Vipi Flash without fiber (15.35 ± 0.3); Flash Vipi with fiber (15.51 ± 0.4); Vipi Wave without fiber (16.60 ± 0.8); Vipi Wave with fiber (17.25 ± 0.9); Vipi Cril without fiber (17.78 ± 2.27); Vipi CRILL with fiber (18.02 ± 1.0 ); Lucitone without fiber (15.72 ± 0.3); Lucitone with fiber (16.69 ± 0.6), QC-20 without fiber (15.91 ± 0.4) and QC-20 with fiber (15 , 63 ± 0.2). Means and standard deviations to test elastic modulus were Vipi Flash without fiber (2952.76 ± 292.12); Flash Vipi with fiber (3373.49 ± 403.76); Vipi Wave without fiber (2511.69 ± 304.09); Vipi Wave with fiber (3225.01 ± 248.66); Vipi Cril without fiber (2745.61 ± 288.86); Vipi CRILL with fiber (3671.67 ± 329.91); Lucitone without fiber (1904.53 ± 149.05); Lucitone with fiber (3056.87 ± 126.11), QC-20 without fiber (1913.86 ± 147.80) and QC-20 with fiber (2858.32 ± 185 26). Means and standard deviations for flexural strength were Vipi Flash without fiber (81.62 ± 4.82); Flash Vipi with fiber (83.98 ± 4.98); Vipi Wave without fiber (83.52 ± 8 , 79); Vipi Wave with fiber (88.98 ± 8.47); Vipi Cril without fiber (64.17 ± 5.46); Vipi CRILL with fiber (93.37 ± 9.97); Lucitone without fiber ( 74.71 ± 9.43); Lucitone with fiber (87.29 ± 4.73), QC-20 without fiber (75.80 ± 8.82) and QC-20 with fiber (81.67 ± 12.97). Conclusion: the conclusion is that the incorporation of fibers resulted in changes in almost all properties examined, and thus easily used as an additional reinforcement for acrylic resins. With respect to the surface roughness of acrylic resins by thermo water bath and microwave thermo heat showed higher values when compared with acrylic resin. Moreover, the addition of glass fiber particulate increased the roughness values of some acrylic resins Vipi CRILL, Vipi Flash and Vipi Wave and remained constant in the resins Lucitone and QC-20. The addition of glass fiber does not increase significantly the microhardness in the groups. With respect to flexural strength glass fiber particulate significantly increased all values, as well as the modulus of acrylic resin reinforced by the addition of glass fibers.

L’évanescence suppose un état de précarité qui se nourrit de sa propre incomplétude. Le corps qui s’éthérise est en permanente déperdition de matérialité et d’énergie, ce qui amènera le détachement de la conscience. L’acheminement de l’état « tout-corps » à celui de « dé-corps » passe par trois régimes visuels : par l’opacité, associée à la pierre et à la figure de Thanatos, par la translucidité, qui concerne la chair et le feu érotique et, enfin, par la transparence du verre et de l’air, marquant l’entrée sur les territoires de Narcisse. Le thème du corps évanescent est développé autour de ces trois axes selon une logique centrée sur l’existence d’un seuil – décliné comme mur opaque, paroi organique translucide ou écran transparent. Ce seuil signale la transgression d’ordres et d’interdits. Lors du passage, le corps perd graduellement son ancrage dans la réalité concrète, qui s’estompe à vite allure pour faire place à un complexe espace-temps construit graduellement, dans le malheur de la maladie et de la mort ou dans la joie de la projection heureuse. Le corps évanescent tend vers un ailleurs qui s’organise à mesure que le premier s’efface. Ce double conditionnement s’accompagne d’innombrables régressions temporelles qui réverbèrent au niveau de la conscience incorporée sous la forme de la fissure qui entraîne le détachement. Sous le régime de la pierre l’évanescence se cristallise autour de l’image de la statue qui parcourt le trajet symbolique entre figement et vivification. Le marbre, le plâtre et le sable sont les trois motifs qui expriment l’idée de fragilisation de la matière. Le retour à la vie se prolonge dans la tiédeur de la chair réchauffée. Alors qu’elle atteint le seuil de la liquéfaction dans la fugue érotique, l’intensité de la sensation commence à diminuer, ce qui amène à un nouveau refroidissement. Dans le domaine de la transparence le corps subit des formes de détachement selon une logique qui va de la réflexion dans le miroir en tant qu’expression d’un moi naissant à l’extrême affaiblissement du caractère réfléchissant qui altère l’image de soi. Fenêtre, vitrine et écran sous-tendent l’effacement sous le régime de la transparence tout en créant l’illusion d’une intériorité. Comble du processus évanescent, le corps éthérique est mis en rapport avec l’ineffable de l’élément aérien. Cette forme de corporalité ultime exprime le détachement de la conscience, dans la joie comme dans la souffrance. Elle décrit un état de précarité absolue, qui met en avant le fait que tout en se délivrant de ses amarres matérielles la conscience tend à conserver un engramme qui assure la réincorporation, et avec elle, la survie. L’envol, le survol et la descente décrivent trois formes d’évanescence « aérienne » qui marquent le retour symbolique à l’opacité à travers des images d’épaississement : par les motifs de la vapeur, du brouillard ou de la nuit « polie » on est ramené au point de départ de la réflexion. L’histoire du corps évanescent, qui commence et achève par des images de la mort, est également l’histoire d’un continuel retour à la vie, aux forces pulsionnelles, à l’euphorie de se sentir vivant<br>The vanishing body depicts a state of extreme precariousness and reveals a progressive loss of substance and vitality which results in the disembodiment of the conscience. The way from being “all body” to being “out-of-body” is hallmarked by three visual categories, each one being assigned a certain classical element: stone, for opacity (the territory of Thanatos), erotic fire for the flesh representing translucency and air and glass for transparency, reminding Narcissus. In this structure water is always the transversal element. The theme is therefore sustained by a network of thresholds such as: the wall, the organic layer and the transparent or invisible screen. With every threshold comes the idea of transgression. Passing into another state or dimension interrupts the contact with reality which fades swiftly away and makes room for another time-space configuration gradually defined by death and illness, by joy and thrilling giddiness. The vanishing body tends to inhabit a no man’s land ever more present as the first one fades away. It is thus submitted to various temporal regressions which concern the embodied consciousness and evolves as a “crack” finally producing the separation body-conscience. Within the realms of Thanatos and the stone the evanescence concerns the representation of the statue which stiffens and then recovers the “flesh-state” progressively. The marble, the plaster and the sand present themselves as three “stages” of dematerialization. Coming back to life means entering a state of tepidness of the revived flesh. As the sexual temperature increases it reaches a threshold of erotic liquefaction which then diminishes to a new form of symbolic coldness represented by physical decay and loss of sexual interest. In the field of transparency the body suffers several forms of detachment stretching from the mirror reflection as expression of a newly-born ego to the extreme weakening of the reflexivity which alters the sense of self. Window, window display and transparent shield underlie the self-effacement and create the (illusion of) inhabitable space.Peak of the vanishing process, the ethereal body is finally connected to the air as classical element. This ultimate form of corporeality express the disembodiment of the conscience in symbolic projections of both joy and suffering. It shows a state of absolute precariousness which points out the fact that by loosening the grip on the immediate reality the consciousness tends to gradually build up an engram of the body which ensures the reincorporation and by that, the survival. The take-off, the overflight and the landing describe three forms of “aerial” vanishing which states a symbolic return to opacity declined through images of densification: the steam, the fog, and the “polished” opacity of the night represent a comeback to the starting point of reflection. The story of the vanishing body, which starts and ends through images of death, is nevertheless the story of the continuous return to life and its possibilities

La pyrolyse eclair d'allyl-1 silolenes-3 est effectuee. Elle permet d'obtenir des hydrogenosiloles ainsi que des siloles fonctionnels a liaison silicium-azote, -oxygene ou -fluor et des siloles a groupement aryle ou allyle lie au silicium. De la meme facon on etudie la pyrolyse d'allylgermolenes. Les mecanismes de reaction sont etudies

碩士<br>中原大學<br>資訊工程研究所<br>104<br>Shot Boundary Detection is a fundamental step of streaming video analysis and indexing. In the past decade, a lot of researches have been proposed for shot boundary detection. However, these methods are not effective if flashlight appeared in the videos. In this paper, a new mechanism is proposed to detect a frame with flashlight effect in streaming video. The distinctive character of flashlight effect in streaming video is the abrupt luminance change. When a flashlight occurs, the average luminance value goes to a higher value than the preceding frame and maintains one or several frames. Afterward, it returns back to original average luminance value. Such an abrupt luminance change will cause false detection of Shot Boundary. Based on this character, a mechanism to detect a frame with flashlight is designed. In this mechanism, differential value of luminance between this frame and adjacent frame is used to detect the video frame where flashlight appears. With this mechanism, the false detection rate of shot detection caused by flashlight can be reduced. The accuracy of our approach to detect flashlight scene is experimentally shown to be high. The Precision and Recall rate of the experiment result is around 0.9. The false detection of shot boundary detection is also effectively solved by this mechanism.

Moore's Law has helped Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) scale continuously in speed, capacity and energy efficiency, allowing the integration of ever-larger systems into a single FPGA chip. This brings challenges to the productivity of developers in leveraging the sea of FPGA resources. Higher level of design abstractions and programming models are needed to improve the design productivity, which in turn require memory architectural supports on FPGAs. While previous efforts focus on computation-centric applications, we take a bandwidth-centric approach in designing memory systems. In particular, we investigate the scheduling, buffered switching and searching problems, which are common to a wide range of FPGA applications. Despite that the bandwidth problem has been extensively studied for general-purpose computing and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designs, the proposed techniques are often not applicable to FPGAs. In order to achieve optimized design implementations, designers need to take into consideration both the underlying FPGA physical characteristics as well as the requirements from applications. We therefore extract design requirements from four driving applications for the selected problems, and address them by exploiting the physical architectures and available resources of FPGAs. Towards solving the selected problems, we manage to advance state-of-the-art with a scheduling algorithm, a switch organization and a cache analytical model. These lead to performance improvements, resource savings and feasibilities of new approaches for well-known problems.

Le procédé de refroidissement par flash détente se développe dans divers domaines de l'agroalimentaire. La mise sous vide permet d'abaisser la température de saturation et d'évaporer une partie d'un solvant contenu dans un mélange. L'évaporation va se faire en prenant de l'énergie au mélange et ainsi de refroidir. Les vapeurs sont ensuite recondensées et éventuellement les condensats sont réintroduits dans le fluide. Les systèmes de flash détente qui sont actuellement conçus utilisent des composants souvent surdimensionnés. Le procédé reste complexe à appréhender du fait des phénomènes physiques liés au vide et au couplage entre les composants du système. Une pré-étude technologique a conduit à un nouveau concept de refroidissement en cascade permettant de réduire l'encombrement des différentes entités. Il s'agit de partager la cuve de détente en deux parties à pressions différentes, permettant quand même le refroisissement en continu. Ces deux parties communiquent par un clapet à flotteur et sont reliées à deux condenseurs placés en parallèle (ou en série) sur la pompe à vide. Ce système a conduit à un brevet international. Un prototype expérimental permettant de traiter 3 tonnes/heure de mélange a été développé durant la thèse et a permis d'observer des différentes pressions et températures, des condensats ainsi quele débit de la pompe à vide. La modélisation fine de tels phénomènes a été peu abordée. A cette fin, nous simulons l'évolution de la vapeur dans les deux parties de la cuve, sa condensation dans les condenseurs (tube et calandre) et sa liaison au fonctionnement de la pompe à vide. Successivement sont étudiés théoriquement et expérimentalement, l'éjecteur, le dévesiculeur, les condenseurs et leur couplage avec la cuve de détente. Les modèles sont qualifiés en terme de parcimonie, exactitude, précision et spécialisation. Ces étude ont conduit à l'expression d'une base de connaissances formulées par contraintes numériques cohérente avec son traitement par un solveur de problèmes par satisfaction de contraintes (CSP). La base de connaissances et le solveur constituent un système d'aide à la décision pour la définition d'évaporateurs flash.

碩士<br>康寧大學<br>數位應用研究所<br>103<br>Online training and e-learning are going to be the next fast-growing and quick-changing industry in the world of Internet. In 2002, the National Science Council of the Executive Yuan proposed the "National e-Learning of Science and Technology Plan", leaving the industries and educationists to devote themselves into the construction of software and hardware on e-learning. In 2014, with the implementation of Twelve-year Compulsory Education, the teaching on junior high school is no longer in bond of entrance examination; we can try to combine the multimedia and teaching to make students’ learning more interesting. It is worthy of our attention to see if we can achieve the goal of effective teaching, and enhance students’ learning achievements and learning attitudes by applying dual-coding theory on e-learning mediums. In this study, we aim to investigate the impacts on the eighth and ninth graders’ learning attitudes and achievements by integrating flash animation and YouTube videos into history teaching. The quasi-experimental method is adopted, and the results showed that after the implementation of the teaching experiment: (1) all students’ achievement is enhanced, and the eighth-graders improve greatly; (2) all students’ learning attitude is enhanced, and the ninth-graders improve greatly.