Academic literature on the topic 'Flashing light control'
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Journal articles on the topic "Flashing light control"
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Watanabe, Junji, Hideyuki Ando, Taro Maeda, and Susumu Tachi. "Gaze-Contingent Visual Presentation Based on Remote Saccade Detection." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.16.2.224.
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Pursuing new display techniques based on insights into human visual perception can reveal new possibilities for visual information devices. Here, we propose a novel information presentation technique that exploits the perceptional features during rapid eye movements called saccades by using a fast remote eye-measuring method. When light sources are fixed on a vertical line, and the flashing pattern is changed quickly during a horizontal saccade, 2D images can be perceived due to spatio-temporal integration in the human vision system. We use this phenomenon to present 2D images with only one-dimensional light sources, and to show these images even in midair. The flashing cycle and flash timing of light sources are important elements in developing the design theory for this display technique. The flashing cycle determines the maximum resolution of a perceived 2D image. The flash timing is a crucial issue for our purpose because 2D images are perceived only when the timing of the saccade coincides with the flash timing. Therefore, in this paper, we describe the relationship between a flashing cycle and the maximum resolution of a perceived 2D image, and then propose a concise saccade detection method. By using this method, saccades can be detected and the light sources can be flashed within the saccade interval as it occurs in real time, and 2D images can be successfully presented.
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TIMMINS, GRAHAM S., FRASER J. ROBB, CARMEN M. WILMOT, SIMON K. JACKSON, and HAROLD M. SWARTZ. "FIREFLY FLASHING IS CONTROLLED BY GATING OXYGEN TO LIGHT-EMITTING CELLS." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 16 (August 15, 2001): 2795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.16.2795.
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SUMMARY Although many aspects of firefly bioluminescence are understood, the mechanism by which adult fireflies produce light as discrete rapid flashes is not. Here we examine the most postulated theory, that flashing is controlled by gating oxygen access to the light-emitting cells (photocytes). According to this theory, the dark state represents repression of bioluminescence by limiting oxygen, which is required for bioluminescence; relief from this repression by transiently allowing oxygen access to the photocytes allows the flash. We show that normobaric hyperoxia releases the repression of light emission in the dark state of both spontaneously flashing and non-flashing fireflies, causing continual glowing, and we measure the kinetics of this process. Secondly, we determine the length of the barriers to oxygen diffusion to the photocytes in the aqueous and gas phases. Thirdly, we provide constraints upon the distance between any gas-phase gating structure(s) and the photocytes. We conclude from these data that the flash of the adult firefly is controlled by gating of oxygen to the photocytes, and demonstrate that this control mechanism is likely to act by modulating the levels of fluid in the tracheoles supplying photocytes, providing a variable barrier to oxygen diffusion.
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Yang, Jingsi, Xuedong Yan, Qingwan Xue, Xiaomeng Li, Ke Duan, Junyu Hang, and Wanjun Li. "Exploring the Effects of Signs’ Design and In-Vehicle Audio Warning on Driver Behavior at Flashing-Light-Controlled Grade Crossings: A Driving Simulator-Based Study." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (December 31, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2497459.
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The complex environment at grade crossings and the severe collision consequences give rise to the concern of safety condition at crossings among traffic control authorities. Optimizing conventional devices and applying emerging technologies are worthwhile measures to improve the safety conditions at grade crossings. In this study, a flashing-light running (FLR) warning system was proposed to reduce crossing violation and improve performances of drivers at flashing-light-controlled grade crossings (FLCGCs). Forty-four fully licensed drivers aged between 30 and 48 years participated in a driving simulator study to investigate the efficacy of two countermeasures of the system: proposed design of signs and pavement markings (PSM) for grade crossing, and two-stage in-vehicle audio warning (IVAW) technology. A range of flashing light trigger timing and two foggy conditions were designed in this experiment to test the system applicability. Drivers’ gender and vocation were considered as well to examine drivers’ adaptation to the new proposed system. Five variables were collected and analyzed in this study to investigate the effectiveness of the system, i.e., drivers’ compliance, approaching mean speed, brake reaction time, deceleration, and red-to-crossing time. Results showed that drivers’ driving performances were improved in both PSM only condition and PSM + W condition. The FLR warning system could eliminate the negative effects of foggy weather and reduce gender differences in driver behaviors to some extent. These findings suggested that the FLR warning system has a potential to reduce the probability of grade crossing collisions.
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Bartczak, Marek. "Adaptation of the PKP PLK S.A. Train Light Signaling to Higher Number of Signal Aspects." Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 64, no. 186 (March 2020): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1861e.
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The article discusses the train signaling system developed in OSŻD. The traffic light signaling currently used on the network managed by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. (Polish Railway Lines) is also described. A proposal of traffic light signals is presented, enabling the transmission of information on travel speeds on the turning tracks of turnouts operated on the PKP PLK S.A. network. The proposed signaling has been developed based on OSŻD (in Rus. Организация со-трудничества железных дорог – ОСЖД) signaling. The number of signals needed was obtained by introducing a second yellow light strip and optionally two different flashing frequencies. Keywords: railway signaling, signaling for trains, lineside signals, railway traffic control devices
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Noyce, David A., and Daniel B. Fambro. "Enhanced Traffic Control Devices at Passive Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1648, no. 1 (January 1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1648-03.
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More than 2,000 crashes and 239 fatalities were reported at public passive highway-railroad grade crossings in 1994. Driver error, often due to a breakdown in communication between traffic control devices and the driver, is commonly cited as a factor in passive grade crossing crashes. The objective of this study was to evaluate an improved method for communicating with drivers in an effort to improve safety at passive grade crossings. Specifically, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a vehicle-activated strobe light and supplemental sign as enhancements to the railroad advance (W10-1) warning sign at a passive highway-railroad grade crossing near Temple, Texas. Three study methods were used to evaluate this enhanced sign system including a before and after speed study, a driver survey, and a driver observation study. The results indicated that average speeds on the approaches to the grade crossing were lower after the installation of the enhanced sign system. Drivers responded favorably to the enhanced sign system, and no adverse driver reactions were observed at the onset of the flashing strobe light. The strobe light was effective in directing drivers’ attention to the railroad advance warning and supplemental signs. The enhanced sign system appears to increase driver awareness of the passive grade crossing, cause some drivers to approach the grade crossing with additional caution, and reduce the average speed near the nonrecovery zone on both approaches.
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Zhang, Yao, and Xiao Ya Liu. "CFD Simulation Research of Small Space with Large Temperature Difference." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.554.
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When the beam is transmitting, the random fluctuation motion of temperature and pressure of the medium inside the path of transmission will cause the random fluctuation of the index of refraction of the transmission medium. It will form wave front distortion when the beam is transmitting, which is known as the laser transmission turbulence effect. This effect mainly behaves as light intensity flashing, beam drift, phase fluctuation and beam expanding. Using FLUENT software simulate the status of turbulent gas in the environment with small space and large temperature difference (650°C). Verifying the laser transmission turbulence effect can be inhibited by artificial control the distribution of the gas flow inside the flow field, which can optimal the design of the instrument.
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Leuchter, Jan, Lukas Hon, Radim Bloudicek, Teodor Balaz, and Erik Blasch. "The Study of Aviation Safe Incapacitating Device Based on LED Technology with a Smart-Illumination Sensor Unit." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010081.
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This paper deals with a design and implementation of optical defensive device for protection of aviation personnel. The design is built on the basic characteristics of human eyesight, illumination sensing of the environment, and microcontroller implementation for adaptation over sensed power, flash duration, and person distance. The aviation safe LED-based optical dazzler equipment (ASLODE) utilizes light emitting diode (LED) technology implemented with constant current regulators to control several modes of effects based on situational sensing. The temporarily incapacitating device can be extended by means of real-time illumination sensing to improve power efficiency and reach the highest level of safety. The smart pulse sets the flashing frequency from 8Hz for high-level light intensities and up to 20 Hz in low-level lighting conditions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the ASLODE device over numerous experiments with controlled onboard aircraft scenarios that adapt the energy, flash rate, and processing to the sensed environmental illumination to meet aviation hygienic standards for people without eyesight defects.
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FUNKE, KLAUS, and ULF T. EYSEL. "Inverse correlation of firing patterns of single topographically matched perigeniculate neurons and cat dorsal lateral geniculate relay cells." Visual Neuroscience 15, no. 4 (April 1998): 711–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523898154111.
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Action potentials of single perigeniculate (PGN) cells and relay cells of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) with topographically matched or at least partially overlapping receptive fields (RF) were simultaneously recorded in the anesthetized and paralyzed cat during visual stimulation with moving gratings or flashing light spots of different size. In many cases, PGN cells showed an activity pattern which appeared like a mirror image of distinct periods of dLGN activity. Flashing spots evoked transient volleys of activity in PGN cells which increased in strength and shortened in latency with increasing size of the stimulus. These responses were temporally matched with inhibitory phases in the early part of visual responses in the dLGN. The spatio-temporal properties of the RFs were established by reverse correlation of the spike activity with the spatially random presentation of bright and dark spots within an array of 20 × 20 positions. Anticorrelated firing patterns of such kind could also be elicited as interocular inhibition with stimulation of the perigeniculate RF in the nondominant eye. Inversely correlated changes in spontaneous and visually induced activity were also visible during spontaneous changes in EEG pattern. With increasing synchronization of the EEG (predominance of delta-waves) the strength of geniculate visual responses declined while maintained perigeniculate activity increased. A weakened interocular and monocular inhibition of dLGN relay cells during visual stimulation of PGN RFs could be achieved with local reversible inactivation of PGN areas topographically matched with the dLGN recording sites. The results indicate that the PGN contributes to the state-dependent control of retino-geniculate transmission and to the monocular and interocular inhibitory processes that shape the visual responses in the dLGN.
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Erden, Mustafa Suphi, and Aude Billard. "Robotic training for hand movements during manual welding with real-time alarm feedback." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, no. 6 (October 19, 2015): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2015-0083.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a robotic training system for the hand movements during manual welding. The system provides real-time notice-feedback with sound or light alarms, whenever the welding hand vibrates beyond the nominal level observed with professional welders. Design/methodology/approach – The large variations of hand movements are detected by monitoring the deviation of the tool position from a smooth curve estimated in real time by a Kalman filter. An alarm is generated in the form of a flashing light or beep sound whenever the deviations exceed a predetermined threshold. The performance of hand movements is measured in terms of the variations of the position data. Twelve novice and five professional welders took part in the experiments and answered a questionnaire that assessed the usability and work load of the system. Findings – Compared to the sound alarms, the light alarms resulted in a larger and statistically significant decrease in the variation of hand movements of the novice welders and brought the level of variation close to that of the professional welders. The alarms did not result in a significant decrease in the variation of hand movements of the professional welders. The responses to the questionnaire indicated that both professional and novice welders found the system useful and they did not experience any significant work load. Social implications – The system developed in this study can ease the training of novice welders, by speeding up the learning and reducing the need for human tutors. Originality/value – This study is first to provide real-time notice-feedback for training while manual welding, based on a comparison of the performances of novice and professional welders.
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Markova, Marina, and Elena Somova. "IMPROVEMENT OF CLONAL MICROPROPAGATION OF BERRY CROPS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-39-44.
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The aim of the study is to optimize the conditions for in vitro cultivation of blue honeysuckle, raspberry and strawberry. The work was carried out in 2012-2020. The Murasige-Skuga medium (1/2 MS) was the control for all cultures for the initiation of explants. Additionally, we used a modified nutrient medium 1/2 MS with a reduced NH4 content by 15 % compared to the base MS; and Woodi Plant Medium (1/2 WPM) for honeysuckle; for raspberries - Quoirin-Lepoivre (1/2 QL) and 1/2 Anderson; for strawberries - 1/2 MS. For micropropagation and rooting, the following media were used: honeysuckle - modified MS and WPM; raspberries - QL and Anderson; strawberries - MS modified by Siliplant and Boksyu; control for all - MS. The following growth regulators were added to the optimal each culture a nutrient medium: 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP), gibberellic acid (GA), waste products of the large wax moth larvae, indolyl-3-butyric acid (IBA), Siliplant, EcoFus, HB-101. The effect of LED-phytoirradiators with a combination of red, blue and white light in the spectrum 2: 1: 1, 1: 1: 1, 2: 1, respectively, and LED-irradiators with a changing spectrum and flashing were studied at the stages of micropropagation and rooting in all cultures. The survival rate of honeysuckle explants on 1/2 WPM medium was 62.2 % (control 27.9 %). The highest reproduction factor of 5.1 (control 2.6) was achieved when using LED 2 red : 1 blue : 1 white on MS modified + 6-BAP 1.0 mg/L + kinetin 0.5 mg/L, and high rooting rate of honeysuckle 89.0 % (76.0 % k) was achieved on MS modified + IBA 0.5 mg/L. Cultivation of red raspberries on QL + 6-BAP 1.0 mg/L + GA 0.5 mg/L and LED irradiation 2 red : 1 blue : 1 white provided a reproduction factor of 5.3 (control 2.7), addition of IBA 0.5 mg/L + HB-101 100 μL/L in QL and LED irradiation 1 red : 1 blue : 1 white contributed to 100 % rooting. The addition of 6-BAP 1.0 mg/L + IBA 0.2 mg/L + GA 0.5 mg/L in QL and LED lighting 1 red : 1 blue : 1 white increased the reproduction factor of remontant raspberries by 1.6 times (from 2, 6 to 4.1), and the use of QL + IBA 0.5 mg/L + HB-101 50 μL/L and LED 2 red : 1 blue : 1 white increased its rooting ability to 96 % (control 67 %). LED irradiation with a changing spectrum during cultivation of garden strawberries on MS + Siliplant + EcoFus at 0.5 ml/L provided a reproduction factor of 5.9 (control 3.8), and the reproduction factor of remontant strawberries on MS + HB-101 100 μl/L was 7.4 (control 5.6). The addition of IBA 0.5 mg/L + HB-101 100 μL/L to the MS promoted the rooting of garden strawberries of 100 % when using a LED irradiator with a changing spectrum, and remontant strawberries – with a blinking LED irradiator
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flashing light control"
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Born, Kathryn Mary. "A count data model with endogenous covariates : formulation and application to roadway crash frequency at intersections." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23630.
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This thesis proposes an estimation approach for count data models with endogenous covariates. The maximum approximate composite marginal likelihood inference approach is used to estimate model parameters. The modeling framework is applied to predict crash frequency at urban intersections in Irving, Texas. The sample is drawn from the Texas Department of Transportation crash incident files for the year 2008. The results highlight the importance of accommodating endogeneity effects in count models. In addition, the results reveal the increased propensity for crashes at intersections with flashing lights, intersections with crest approaches, and intersections that are on frontage roads.text
Book chapters on the topic "Flashing light control"
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Wullems, Christian, and George Nikandros. "Adoption of Low-Cost Rail Level Crossing Warning Devices." In Railway Safety, Reliability, and Security, 399–423. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1643-1.ch019.
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The objective of this chapter is to provide rail practitioners with a practical approach for determining safety requirements of low-cost level crossing warning devices (LCLCWDs) on an Australian railway by way of a case study. LCLCWDs, in theory, allow railway operators to improve the safety of passively controlled crossing by upgrading a larger number of level crossings with the same budget that would otherwise be used to upgrade these using the conventional active level crossing control technologies, e.g. track circuit initiated flashing light systems. The chapter discusses the experience and obstacles of adopting LCLCWDs in Australia, and demonstrates how the risk-based approach may be used to make the case for LCLCWDs.
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Mushiri, Tawanda, and Emmison Gocheki. "Design of a Garbage Collection Robot." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 90–169. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9924-1.ch004.
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The Arduino is programmed to control the robot navigation. The Garbage Collection Robot is designed to collect solid waste at public places (schools, workplaces, and parks) and residential areas. The design of the robot is such that when it starts, it maneuvers as per programmed route. The Garbage Collector can sense by means of capacitive proximity sensors if the obstacle is living (for example, a human being) or non-living (for example, vehicle) and then gives appropriate warning signals like flashing light, hoot, or voice commands. The robot is equipped with vision capabilities in order for it to detect colors, namely green, red, yellow, blue, and black for organics, plastic, metal, paper, and glass, respectively. When the GCR sees a particular color code on garbage container, it picks up the bin, carries it in its carriage, then offloads it at a desired station to wait for recycling or final dumping.
Conference papers on the topic "Flashing light control"
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Hussain, Qinaat, Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen, Kris Brijs, Ali Pirdavani, and Tom Brijs. "Impact of Countdown Ground LED Lights on Traffic Flow Efficiency at Signalized Intersections: A Driving Simulator study." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0236.
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Unnecessary stopping at signalized intersections during yellow interval reduces traffic flow efficiency. The aim of this driving simulator study was to investigate the impact of an advanced countdown system on traffic flow efficiency during yellow interval at signalized intersections. The experiment was conducted using a driving simulator at Qatar Transportation and Traffic Safety Centre, Qatar University. Sixty-seven volunteers with a valid Qatari driving license participated in the study. Three signalized intersections for three scenarios were designed with the north bound of the Corniche road in the city of Doha as the real-life reference context. The control scenario was an untreated typical signalized intersection (default) with the signal order of green-yellow-red. The signal order was changed to green-flashing green-yellow-red in the condition with 3 seconds advanced flashing. In the third scenario, green LED lights were used as an advanced countdown system and was compared with a default traffic signal with order green-yellow-red and a flashing green traffic signal with order green-flashing green-yellow-red. The LED lights were installed over a 100 m stretch of the road surface with spacing of 5m. More specifically, these ground lights were integrated in the pavement marking strips indicating lane division and edge lines. Light units were flashed green, 3 seconds prior to the yellow interval, and then turned off one by one in sequential order towards the intersection at a predetermined speed. The system was aimed at providing advanced information and visualizing the inter-green period by means of a countdown system as a way to improve traffic flow efficiency. Study results showed that compared to the other two scenarios, drivers’ utilized the yellow interval in a better way in the scenario with green LED lights. Furthermore, results from binary logistic regression showed that probability of crossing the intersection was 30 and 2.6 times higher in the scenario with green LED lights compared to the flashing green and control scenarios, respectively. Regarding the red light running occurrences, there was no significant differences between the scenarios. Taking into account the results from this study, we recommend jurisdictions to further evaluate G-LED as a potentially effective treatment for increasing traffic flow efficiency during the inter-green period at signalized intersections.
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Hussain, Qinaat, Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen, Ali Pirdavani, Kris Brijs, Khaled Shaaban, and Tom Brijs. "Effectiveness of the Pedestrian Detection Strategies and Pavement Markings: A Driving Simulator study." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0237.
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Pedestrians are the most vulnerable group in the traffic and accounts for about 40,000 deaths each year worldwide. One of the main reasons is that drivers usually do not yield to pedestrian, which creates serious conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians. The objective of this driving simulator study is to assess the effectiveness of detection based strategies and compare them with the untreated midblock marked crosswalk and pavement markings with pedestrian encircled. The detection based conditions include flashing LED lights placed before the crosswalk and animation based variable message sign VMS. Each condition was designed with a yield/stop controlled marked crosswalk. All the conditions were tested for two situations i.e. pedestrian present and pedestrian absent. Data from 62 drivers having a valid Qatari driving license was considered for analyses. The results showed that drivers yielding rate increased up to 98.3% in the detection-based strategies (i.e. VMS and LED) compared to the pavement marking condition (i.e. 91%) and the untreated control condition (i.e. 88.7%). Regarding the vehiclepedestrian conflicts, results revealed that serious and slight conflicts were significantly reduced in the VMS and LED conditions compared to the other conditions (i.e. Control and pavement markings). Furthermore, the detection-based strategies were helpful in motivating drivers to reduce their traveling speed while approaching the pedestrian crosswalks. Based on the results from this study, the detectionbased strategies (i.e. LED and VMS conditions) are recommended for policy makers as potentially effective treatments to improve safety at midblock yield/stop controlled crosswalks.
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Wullems, Christian, and Anjum Naweed. "Low-Cost Railway Level Crossings: Breaking Down the Barriers." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3808.
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Level crossing risk continues to be a significant safety concern for the security of rail operations around the world. Over the last decade or so, a third of railway related fatalities occurred as a direct result of collisions between road and rail vehicles in Australia. Importantly, nearly half of these collisions occurred at railway level crossings with no active protection, such as flashing lights or boom barriers. Current practice is to upgrade level crossings that have no active protection. However, the total number of level crossings found across Australia exceed 23,500, and targeting the proportion of these that are considered high risk (e.g. public crossings with passive controls) would cost in excess of AU$3.25 billion based on equipment, installation and commissioning costs of warning devices that are currently type approved. Level crossing warning devices that are low-cost provide a potentially effective control for reducing risk; however, over the last decade, there have been significant barriers and legal issues in both Australia and the US that have foreshadowed their adoption. These devices are designed to have significantly lower lifecycle costs compared with traditional warning devices. They often make use of use of alternative technologies for train detection, wireless connectivity and solar energy supply. This paper describes the barriers that have been encountered for the adoption of these devices in Australia, including the challenges associated with: (1) determining requisite safety levels for such devices; (2) legal issues relating to duty of care obligations of railway operators; and (3) issues of Tort liability around the use of less than fail-safe equipment. This paper provides an overview of a comprehensive safety justification that was developed as part of a project funded by a collaborative rail research initiative established by the Australian government, and describes the conceptual framework and processes being used to justify its adoption. The paper provides a summary of key points from peer review and discusses prospective barriers that may need to be overcome for future adoption. A successful outcome from this process would result in the development of a guideline for decision-making, providing a precedence for adopting low-cost level crossing warning devices in other parts of the world. The framework described in this paper also provides relevance to the review and adoption of analogous technologies in rail and other safety critical industries.