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1
Zachman, Nuraini, and Nur Fauzia. "Eksistensi Perhimpunan Pemilik dan Penghuni Satuan Rumah Susun (PPPSRS) dalam Kewenangan Pengelolaan Rumah Susun Sewa." Wajah Hukum 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v5i1.434.
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Flats are a response to the needs of housing for the community and become an alternative choice for providing ideal housing for developing countries. The purpose of research and writing of this scientific paper through the normative approach method is to analyze the Activities of Management of Flats by the Management Agency, the existence of the Association of Owners and Occupants of Apartment Units (PPPSRS), Voting Rights Related to the Authority of Management and Management of Rental Flats compared to Management of Flats Commercial. In this study using an empirical juridical approach because the researcher was carried out directly on the manager of the rental apartment. The scope of this research is the management of flats and its objects are flats in urban areas. The materials used are field materials and library materials. The data collection technique is document study and the analysis technique is qualitative analysis. The activity of managing the apartment is obliged to be the manager of a legal entity, namely the Association of Owners and Residents of Apartment Units which have been made a legal deed by the Regent or Mayor of the Level II Region and the determination of the voting rights of these members has not been fully realized. Management of simple rental apartments is required by Technical Management Unit (UPT), while Management of Commercial Flats is the Management Body of Commercial Flats, which is the Association of Owners and Occupants of Flat Units, developer as a temporary Management Agency.
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Sundrani, Deepak Murlidhar. "Factors influencing home-purchase decision of buyers of different types of apartments in India." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 609–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-06-2017-0062.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present partial results of a survey conducted in Pune, India. Its aim is to determine the importance of factors, other than the buyer-related factors, that influence the purchase of a flat/apartment, of buyers of different types of flats/apartments. Design/methodology/approach The author follows three hypotheses for recent buyers of three different types of flats/apartments, namely, 1 BHK, 2 BHK and 3 BHK (where 1, 2 and 3 indicate the number of bedrooms, H stands for hall and K stands for kitchen. Thus 1 BHK designates a flat/apartment with one bedroom, a hall and a kitchen). A total of 284 respondents from buildings located on the outskirts of Pune city participated in the questionnaire survey for this study. Ten factors have been considered. Findings From this study, it is concluded that price is significantly the most important factor for buyers of 1 BHK, followed by product, and then followed by location. For 2 BHK buyers, there is no single significantly most important factor. For 3 BHK buyers, there is no single significantly most important factor and the two most important factors are product and location. Research limitations/implications The results of this study show that buyers of different types of flats/apartments give different types of importance to the influencing factors. This study of buyer behavior will be helpful for the marketers of real estate companies, as they can identify the most important factors for various categories of buyers and implement those accordingly. Originality/value This study is the first to analyze the importance of the influencing factors for buyers of different types of flats/apartments. Also, it is the first to analyze the home-buying behavior for flats/apartments constructed in the outskirts, where most of the new constructions are taking place. This study will be useful to all the stakeholders of the housing industry.
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Shandy, Karina. "Legal Protection of Flat Buyers Whose Land is Actually Being Secured with Hak Tanggungan." NORMA 18, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/nlj.v18i1.1287.
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The study, entitled legal protection of flat buyers whose land is actually being secured with Hak Tanggungan, first aims to find out and analyze how disputes are resolved for flats buyers who experience law execution of their future apartment units because the land rights are secured. This is normative legal research that will explore the contents of statutory regulations. The results of this research are that several instruments exist as a unit in purchasing an apartment/flats, one of which is PPJB, the status of the buyer is as a buyer, not bezitter, eignar, or non-litigation channels with specific steps prioritize detentor, the dispute settlement mechanism according to the Agreement in the PPJB. Following statutory regulations, however, the buyer can still take the litigation route as a mechanism for settling the dispute, with compensation claims and suit for default based on the existing PPJB.Keywords: PPJB, Flat, Hak Tanggungan
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Rahmawati, Intan, and Nindya Sari. "PERSEPSI RUSUNAWA IDEAL PADA WARGA HUNI RUSUNAWA BURING, MALANG." Sustainable, Planning and Culture (SPACE) : Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/space.v2i1.825.
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The land which is a complex problem in the cities provides a mature readiness for the exam. The establishment of a simple rental apartment (rusunawa) was allegedly the best solution to overcome the problem. What's more with room prices that always show a high price increase every time periodically. However, the establishment of flat towers does not always benefit the wearer (residents). This article provides information for the ideal definition of a flat, can be used to make other flat towers so that residents can fulfill their prosperous wishes in inhabiting (housing welfare) in a flat land. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach in Rusunawa Buring, Kota Malang involving 10 informants who lived for a period (3 years). Data collection techniques are carried out by in-depth interviews, observation, and focus group discussions. The results of the research data show that residents live have the ideal perception of flat-lined apartments when physical, social, and system factors can provide live satisfaction
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Fadilla, Atria Nuraini. "Aspek Komunikasi Visual pada Ruang Hunian Vertikal di Jakarta." JURNAL RUPA 3, no. 1 (October 10, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/rupa.v3i1.1200.
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The title of this research is "Social Media Strategy on Clean Air Campaign (Visual Communication Approach Strategy on Vertical Housing in Jakarta)". The methodology used in this research was by using campaign theory with focus on strategic communication approach. Data collection method is using purposive sampling technique subject for in-depth interview.
Based on the in depth interview survey conducted on seven informants using purposive sampling technique, it can be concluded that there are different opinion about clean air campaign using window farming method among apartment residents and flat residents in the area of initial knowledge, source of knowledge, social media and its socialization intensity, and image / text dominance in campaign content.
Keywords: Social Media, Window Farming, Campaign, Apartments, Flats
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Hyung, Won-gil, Young-Moon Kim, and Ki-Pyo You. "Analysis of Change in the Wind Speed Ratio according to Apartment Layout and Solutions." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/760713.
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Apartment complexes in various forms are built in downtown areas. The arrangement of an apartment complex has great influence on the wind flow inside it. There are issues of residents’ walking due to gust occurrence within apartment complexes, problems with pollutant emission due to airflow congestion, and heat island and cool island phenomena in apartment complexes. Currently, the forms of internal arrangements of apartment complexes are divided into the flat type and the tower type. In the present study, a wind tunnel experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were performed with respect to internal wind flows in different apartment arrangement forms. Findings of the wind tunnel experiment showed that the internal form and arrangement of an apartment complex had significant influence on its internal airflow. The wind velocity of the buildings increased by 80% at maximum due to the proximity effects between the buildings. The CFD simulation for relaxing such wind flows indicated that the wind velocity reduced by 40% or more at maximum when the paths between the lateral sides of the buildings were extended.
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Umosekhaimhe, G. O. "Indoor Smoke Emissions from Direct-Fires in Urban Households in Benin City Area of Midwestern Nigeria." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 744–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.744.
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The levels of emissions of gaseous pollutants from indoor fires within the conventional apartment types in Benin City have been studied. In Nigeria indoor smokes from domestic activities and mosquito coils occur in a significant number of houses. This study was conducted using carbon monoxide as a tracer gas within smoke in households over Benin City. Measurements were conducted using the most common residential building-type (flats) in the region. Sampling was done at 0.1m AGL, 1.0m AGL, 2.0m AGL and ceiling height to ascertain vertical distribution. The study indicated that huge levels of CO ranging between 25 and 40 ppm were observed in the self-contained or bachelor’s flat with windows closed during the night for guard against mosquitoes and crawling insects, while similar apartments with windows opened during the night equipped with protective mosquito nets showed CO concentrations with levels of between 28 and 42 ppm. The results of both house-types were significant when compared with values of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal ministry of environment (FMENV) acceptable limits for indoor CO concentrations.
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Kovářová, Barbora. "Possibilities of Dry Shell Construction in the Area Family and Residential Houses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2943.
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The article deals with the use of flat layered structure with the structure-based panels for building of houses, making extensions to family houses or apartment with a flat roof. There are summarized the advantages and disadvantages of this structural system in comparison with other technologies of construction family houses and residential houses. The article is focused primarily on the suitability of the construction of self-help and the speed of construction.
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Permatasari, Made Intan. "PENYELESAIAN ATAS KEADAAN FORCE MAJEURE PADA RUMAH SUSUN YANG MASIH DALAM PROSES PEMBANGUNAN." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2017.v06.i04.p04.
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Flat is one of the most popular alternative of housing due to limited land availability. In the construction of flats, the developer will usually ask for a down payment to consumers who want to order the apartment of flat units. The problem occurs when a force majeure occurs at the time the apartment is still under construction. The problems of the study: What are the legal consequences in case of force majeure of under construction flat? And how is the settlement of force majeure situation under construction flat? The research method used is normative research. The results of the discussion show that (1) The legal consequence of the occurrence of force majeure at the time of the flats is still in the process of construction that the consumer can no longer request the fulfillment of the agreement; The debtor can no longer be declared negligent, and therefore it is not obliged to pay compensation; (2) The settlement effort in case of force majeure condition if the flats are still under construction process: Settlement through consensus agreement between the developer and the consumer to find joint settlement of the occurrence of force majeure and settlement of loss through insurance, so that insurance claims may be used to rebuild the flats.
Rumah susun merupakan salah satu alternatif perumahan yang banyak diminati saat ini karena lahan yang tersedia sangat minim. Dalam pembangunan rumah susun, pihak pengembang biasanya akan meminta uang muka kepada konsumen yang hendak memesan unit rumah susun tersebut. Permasalahan terjadi apabila pada saat rumah susun masih dalam proses pembangunan kemudian terjadi keadaan force majeure. Permasalahan yang terjadi yaitu Bagaimanakah akibat hukum apabila terjadi force majeure pada rumah susun yang masih dalam proses pembangunan? Dan Bagaimanakah penyelesaian atas keadaan force majeure pada rumah susun yang masih dalam proses pembangunan? Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan yaitu penelitian normatif. Hasil pembahasan dapat diketahui bahwa (1) Akibat hukum terjadinya keadaan force majeure pada saat rumah susun masih dalam proses pembangunan yaitu tidak lagi dapat meminta pemenuhan prestasi; Debitur tidak lagi dapat dinyatakan lalai, dan karenanya tidak wajib membayar ganti rugi; (2) Adapun upaya penyelesaian apabila terjadi keadaan force majeure apabila rumah susun yang masih dalam proses pembangunan yaitu: Penyelesaian melalui musyawarah mufakat antara pihak pengembang selaku developer dengan pihak konsumen untuk menemukan penyelesaian bersama atas terjadinya keadaan force majeure dan Penyelesaian kerugian yang dilakukan melalui asuransi, sehingga klaim asuransi nantinya dipergunakan untuk melakukan pembangunan kembali rumah susun tersebut.
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Chen, Junjie, Mufeng Chen, and Zhixiong Lu. "Structural Design and Analysis of Flat LOFT Apartment with Large Aspect Ratio." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 439 (November 5, 2018): 042070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/439/4/042070.
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Vavrovič, Boris. "Importance of Envelope Construction Renewal in Panel Apartment Buildings in Terms of Basic Thermal Properties." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.97.
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Envelope constructions of panel apartment buildings in Slovakia are made up of one or more layers of external panels. They typically have one or double-skin flat roofs. Nowadays, almost all envelope constructions, that yet have not been insulated and renovated, show to have insufficient thermoisolation performances. Especially roofs seems to have unsatisfactory moisture regime facilities. The article describes fundamental thermal technical characteristics of envelope constructions (external walls and flat roofs) in panel appartment buildings in their original state and after renewal in the form of additional thermal insulation.
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Bluestone, Daniel. "Chicago's Mecca Flat Blues." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 57, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 382–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991458.
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This essay explores the Mecca, one of Chicago's largest nineteenth-century apartment houses. Designed in 1891, the Mecca's innovative plan incorporated an exterior landscaped courtyard and two monumental interior atria. The form and meaning of these spaces diverged in important respects. The exterior courtyards appropriated aspects of the single-family residential form and domestic ideology. The interior atria relied on Chicago skyscraper models and their cosmopolitan approach to the possibilities of density. Exterior courtyards later proliferated, while atria appeared in only two other local residential buildings. Nevertheless, the Mecca's atria possessed a sense of place that deeply etched the building into Chicago's cultural and political landscape. The building became the subject of 1920s blues improvisation-the "Mecca Flat Blues." In the 1940s and 1950s tenants waged a decadelong Mecca preservation campaign. Housing rather than Chicago School aesthetics provided the preservationists with their point of departure. Race interesected with space and Mies van der Rohe's vision of modern urbanism to seal the Mecca's fate. The essay's methodology develops the social and cultural meaning of form. Moreover, it demonstrates the importance of pushing architectural history beyond the nexus of meaning created by original patrons and designers. We stand to learn a great deal about architectural and urban history by studying how people have defined and redefined, valued and devalued, their buildings, cities, and landscapes.
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Choi, Kwang-Seong, and Joon-Gul Oh. "Variation of Heating Load and Window Transmitted Solar Radiation Energy According to the Distance between Apartment : Focused on Flat-Type Apartment." KIEAE Journal 17, no. 6 (December 31, 2017): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12813/kieae.2017.17.6.293.
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Roh, Seungjun, Sungho Tae, Rakhyun Kim, and Suroh Park. "Probabilistic Analysis of Major Construction Materials in the Life Cycle Embodied Environmental Cost of Korean Apartment Buildings." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030846.
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This study employs probabilistic analysis to evaluate the life cycle embodied environmental cost of Korean apartment buildings, with a focus on six major construction materials. To this end, the bill of materials was analyzed for 443 Korean apartment buildings according to the type and plan form, and probability density functions (PDFs) were established for the input quantities of the six materials under consideration. Life cycle scenarios were then examined for each material, and their respective life cycle embodied environmental cost factors were established, using a monetary valuation-based damage cost life cycle analysis model. The estimated environmental costs were evaluated by apartment structural type and plan form, based on probability distributions using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Building life cycle embodied environmental cost was estimated between 16.87 USD/m2 and 23.03 USD/m2 (90% confidence interval). Among the structure types analyzed, the highest costs were associated with the wall structure, followed by rigid frame and flat plate structures; at the plan form level, costs followed the sequence plate-type > mixed-type > tower type for a given type of structure.
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Streimikiene, Dalia, and Tomas Balezentis. "Willingness to Pay for Renovation of Multi-Flat Buildings and to Share the Costs of Renovation." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112721.
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The paper deals with the problems linked to the energy renovation of multi-apartment buildings and developed a case study in Lithuania with the aim to assess the household’s willingness to pay for energy renovation and to define the main barriers preventing the households from making decisions to renovate their apartments in residential buildings. Energy renovation provides huge energy savings and greenhouse gas emissions reduction potential and though policies and measures exist to promote large scale energy renovation, there are still many barriers and the pace of energy renovation is still very slow, especially in new EU member states and former Soviet Union members. These countries have inherited old, energy inefficient residential buildings from their Soviet past, and their inhabitants are locked in energy poverty because of their inability to renovate their apartments. This paper analyzed the current situation in the selected country and presents the results of a case study on willingness to pay (WTP) for energy renovation in Lithuanian residential buildings. The survey of 104 Lithuanian households living in unrenovated multi-flat buildings was conducted. The 39 multiple choice questions were asked in order to define the main barriers and drivers of energy renovation. The main results of this pilot study indicated that there are several important organizational and economic barriers for energy renovation in multi-flat buildings and current policies and support schemes have not addressed them in a proper way. The high heating bills and low heat comfort in apartments were the main drivers of energy renovation decision-making for households, however, inadequate state support, reluctance to take a loan due to low income, and inability to make collective decisions on renovation due to the lack of cooperation and housing association were the main barriers that prevented them from this step. New innovative schemes like the Energy Service Companies ESCO model with consolidated billing can be applied to address the identified barriers.
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Cholifah, Hestining. "KEPASTIAN HUKUM DALAM KEPEMILIKAN SATUAN RUMAH SUSUN." JURTAMA 1, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31090/jurtama.v1i1.805.
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This study aimed to determine the legal relationship of the parties in the Agreement on Sale and Purchase (PPJB) Flats and legal protection for buyers of Flat Housing Unit if the seller / developer defaults. This research is a normative juridical research, namely research on laws that are in the legislation in force in Indonesia. This research focused on document research or literature which essentially looks for theories, views that have correlation and are relevant to the problems to be studied. The results of the study indicated that the legal relationship between the parties in the PPJB starts from the signing of the PPJB, so that a legal relationship is established which creates the rights and obligations of each party. Legal protection for buyers of Flat Units if the seller / developer defaults is through arbitration at the cost of joint responsibility by the parties. It meant that if there is a dispute between the parties regarding the sale and purchase agreement unit apartment, the settlement is not through public court or litigation, but the solution is taken through arbitration (non litigation)
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binti Mohd Shafie, Shafida Azwina, Ahmad Farhan Mohd Sadullah, Meor Othman Hamzah, and Lee Vien Leong. "The Alternative Trip Generation Model for Flat/Apartment/Condominium and Low Cost Housing Subcategories." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.369.
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Malaysian Trip Generation Manual (MTGM) is an important document to assist transport planners in forecasting the estimated trip attraction and trip production from a land use. The forecast is crucial in estimating trip generation from a proposed development on the existing road network. Therefore, this study is to verify the accuracy of the existing trip generation model published in MTGM for flat/apartment/condominium and low cost housing subcategories. By applying variable transformation, four alternative models were developed. They were the logarithmic model, the inverse model, the linear-logarithmic model and the logarithmic-linear model. Using residual analysis, influential data was identified and taken out for second analysis. Model selection was based on R2 value, t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results. Besides linear model, logarithmic model is also truly representing trip generation model for both subcategories. There is some difference in the trip generation estimation between the study model and the existing model in MTGM. Sensitivity analysis shows the level of sensitivity between study model and existing linear model. One of the implications in using the studied trip generation model is in evaluating level of service of the junction.
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NIKOLAEV, S. V. "Stepped Facade Created Using Overlay Panels of External Walls." Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo, no. 10 (2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-10-13-21.
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During the sixty-year period of existence of domestic large-panel housing construction, this type of housing remains the most popular due to its affordability. The transition to flexible technologies for the production of panel buildings makes it possible to create high-quality and comfortable housing. However, there is some return to the construction of panel buildings with flat monotonous expressionless facades. The article describes a method for creating stepped facades using overlay panels of external walls, the connection of decorative external layers in which «overlap» is made. This makes it possible to create stepped facades in a simple technological way, hide part of the vertical seams, increase the output of products, and simplify the achievement of the desired apartment layout. The method is protected by a Eurasian patent. Keywords: stepped exterior panel, overhead exterior panel, «overlap» connection, loop precast-monolithic connections, stepped facade, apartment layouts, multi-hollow plates.
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Streimikiene, Dalia, and Tomas Balezentis. "Innovative Policy Schemes to Promote Renovation of Multi-Flat Residential Buildings and Address the Problems of Energy Poverty of Aging Societies in Former Socialist Countries." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 4, 2019): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072015.
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In former socialist countries, urban districts having the lowest building and insulation quality and the highest district heat consumption overlap with low-income and older households, creating a problem of energy poverty and a significant barrier to renovation of multi-flat buildings. Thus, the main challenge centers on fuel poverty in an aging society. This paper analyzes the main barriers to renovation of multi-flat buildings and assesses policies and measures to promote renovation of multi-flat buildings in terms of overcoming these barriers in former socialist countries which are currently EU Member States. Furthermore, it presents a new conceptual framework for developing innovative policies and schemes to promote renovation of multi-flat buildings in the face of the renovation barriers outlined above. The Energy Company Obligation (ECO) model or on-bill financing models can be modified and applied to renovation of multi-flat buildings, based on the UK example. Higher payments for utility bills can be shared among households living in multi-flat buildings that require renovation. As in the case of subsidies for communal services, life-line tariffs can be applied to pay for Energy Company Obligation services. This enables sharing the costs of renovation among apartment owners having different incomes and addresses the principle of social justice.
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Chun, Young-Soo. "Shaking Table Test of a 1/10 Scale Isolated Fifteen-story Flat Plate Apartment Building." LHI Journal of Land, Housing, and Urban Affairs 2, no. 3 (July 30, 2011): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5804/lhij.2011.2.3.287.
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Kim, Sung Gil. "Study on Thermal Comfort in according to Rate of Opening Windows of Flat-type Apartment." Journal of the Korea Institute of Ecological Architecture and Environment 13, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12813/kieae.2013.13.6.093.
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Floricel, Andra, Giuseppe Zagari, Viorel Ungureanu, and Adrian Ciutina. "Structural solutions based on intensive use of steel for over-roofing of existing precast concrete panel buildings." Advances in Structural Engineering 19, no. 12 (July 28, 2016): 1940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216653507.
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An important segment of the Romanian urban population, similar to other Eastern European countries, lives in collective residential apartment buildings made using large prefabricated concrete panels. Most of these structures were built between 1960 and 1989 and present major issues concerning aesthetical aspects, lack of internal space, problems related to thermal comfort and, last but not least, weak energy efficiency. The presence of flat roofing system, generally with hydrothermal faults, represents an additional problem which leads to deficient living conditions of the last-storey inhabitants in many cases. Besides other ways of improving the conditions of such apartment houses, the over-roofing is welcome in order to both increase the habitable area and provide adequate roofing for the building. This article presents three types of over-roofing structural solutions, in two solutions, based on intensive use of steel, using (1) hot-rolled steel profiles, (2) rectangular hollow sections and (3) cold-formed steel profiles, respectively. In order to determine the optimum over-roofing system, the study analyses the structural design possibilities and particularly the connection between the new and old structural elements.
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Adisurya, Susy Irma. "PENGARUH PERILAKU PENGHUNI TERHADAP BENTUK LAY OUT UNIT HUNIAN RUSUNAMI KALIBATA JAKARTA." Jurnal Dimensi Seni Rupa dan Desain 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/dim.v15i2.5643.
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<strong>Abstract</strong><br />The dense population of Jakarta has led to an increase in the construction of residential property, especially Vertical Housing types such as apartments and flats. The construction of subsidized apartments and rental apartments (rusunami) is now the choice of the government<br />and property developers to fulfil the needs of residential homes for people with middle and lower socioeconomic levels. Rusunami Kalibata is the newest flat type that is in great demand by the urban Jakarta community because it's located in the center of the city and it's location is strategically close to public facilities. The Kalibata rusunami unit has 2 (two) types, namely studio type and two room type. Rusunami occupant consist of 2 types: themselves and family. Occupants consisting of 2 or more people with friendship or family status. The problem of this research is whether there is an influence of behavior and activities of residents on the form of<br />layout of flat residential units. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study concluded the activities and behavior of residents is very influential with the form of layout in the residential apartment unit.<br /><div> </div><div> </div><div> </div><strong>Abstrak</strong><br />Padat nya jumlah penduduk Jakarta menyebabkan meningkatnya pembangunan properti perumahan khususnya tipe bangunan Vertikal Housing seperti apartemen dan rumah susun (rusun). Pembangunan apartemen bersubsidi dan rusun sewa milik (rusunami) sekarang ini menjadi pilihan pemerintah dan pengembang properti untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tinggal bagi masyarakat dengan tingkat sosial ekonomi<br />menengah dan bawah. Rusunami Kalibata merupakan tipe rusun terbaru yang banyak diminati masyarakat urban Jakarta karena letaknya di tengah kota Jakarta dan lokasinya strategis karena dekat dengan fasilitas umum. Unit rusunami kalibata ini ada 2 (dua) tipe yaitu tipe studio dan tipe dua kamar. Penghuni rusunami 2 tipe, yaitu :<br />sendiri dan keluarga. Penghuni yang lebih dari 2 orang ada yang statusnya pertemanan dan ada yang keluarga. Permasalahan dari penelitian ini adalah apakah ada pengaruh perilaku dan kegiatan penghuni terhadap bentuk layout unit hunian rusun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Deskriptif Kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian<br />ini menyimpulkan bahwa aktifitas dan perilaku penghuni sangat berpengaruh dengan bentuk Layout pada unit hunian rusunami.<br /><br /><br />
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Choi, Hyun Ki, S. W. Beck, Y. S. Baik, and Chang Sik Choi. "A Study on Shear Reinforcement of Exterior Joints for Flat Plate." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.865.
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The purpose of this research was to study the response of slab-column connections containing various types of shear reinforcement when subjected to the combination of gravitational and lateral cyclic loads. The three test specimens were full-scale representations of exterior slabcolumn connections of a prototype apartment building in Korea. The control specimen had no shear reinforcements, while the other specimens had CS-Bar and SS-Bar as shear reinforcements. The control specimen failed due to the punching shear around the slab-column connection at 4.0% drift. None of the specimens with shear reinforcement experienced punching shear failure up to 4.4% drift. The two types of slab shear reinforcements proved to be equally effective in resisting punching shear failure of these connections subjected to relatively low levels of gravity load. The presence of shear reinforcements significantly increased the lateral load ductility of the connections. The test results showed that the strength and ductility of the specimens with SS-Bar and CS-Bar were improved by 23% and 15% compared to the specimen without shear reinforcements.
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Contarini, Antonio, and Arjen Meijer. "LCA comparison of roofing materials for flat roofs." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 4, no. 1 (May 18, 2015): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-05-2014-0031.
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Purpose – The environmental performance of several flat roof systems with different materials and insulation thicknesses is compared using life cycle assessment (LCA), with the aim to determine the roofing materials with the highest environmental performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The calculations were carried out for an existing apartment block with a 300 m² flat roof. Five insulation materials with three different heat resistances each, five types of waterproof layers, three covering layers, and a green roof are assessed using LCA. Foreground data including maintenance are obtained from roofing companies, and background data are taken from Ecoinvent. ReCiPe is used as impact method. Energy losses through the roof are calculated using the energy software EPA-W. Findings – Improving the insulation from 2.5 to 5 m²K/W leads to reductions of the damage scores from about 10 to 40 per cent. Polyisocyanurate and expanded polystyrene were found to have the lowest environmental damage, although the differences are small. Regarding the other layers, PVC mechanically fixed, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) mechanically fixed, EPDM glued and PVC with gravel ballast were found to have the lowest environmental damage of the materials assessed. Practical implications – The outcomes of this study will aid building owners and construction and maintenance companies to choose renovation options for flat roofs with the lowest impact on the environment. Originality/value – A smart choice of materials for a roofing system, with enough consideration of other aspects such as practical applicability, can thus significantly improve the environmental performance of the roof of a building.
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Varlakova, Valentina. "THE MARKET OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK CITY." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 7 (2019): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-7-134-140.
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The property market in Novosibirsk is quite diverse. The city, as one of the largest cities of the country and the capital of Siberia, rapidly develops residential building market, the annual volume of which reaches up to 1 mln sq.metres. Basically it concerns high-rise apartment houses, most of which are located in outer-lying residential districts. There is hardly any free space for building in the central districts, although the high-density building development process is still going on. And property buyers face the problem of choice: where to buy and how much to spend for a new flat – whether it will be a new one in the suburb or an old one in the centre. It is important to note that in choosing the residence the buyer considers the material of his future house. The most part of residences is acquired by the co-investment agreement as such a deal is 20–30 % cheaper than the total cost of property. However, there are some risks to take care of. During the last years mortgage lending became really popular, as it helps most families acquire their own flats. In 2017 the mortgage rate lowering caused a growth in demand for property, which, in its turn, produced a growth in supply on the market, increased the number of constructional projects and stabilized flat prices.
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Subiyantoro, Heru, and Erwin Djuni Winarto. "Orientation Optimization of Flat Building in Humid Tropical Climate: Case Study on UPN Veteran East Java’s Apartment." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 12304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.10626.
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Bruschetta, Simone, and Raffaele Barone. "Group-apartments for recovery of people with psychosis in Italy: Democratic therapeutic communities in post-modern social communities." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 37, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-03-2016-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a model of democratic therapeutic community (DTC) for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and psychotic disorder, namely the Group-Apartment (GA). The authors will describe it in more detail, discussing the ideas which lie behind it, considering the relative cost of treating people in larger residential DTCs and in GAs, outlining findings from the first data gathered on a GA and looking at the usefulness of this model in post-modern societies, with particular reference to Sicily. Design/methodology/approach In brief a GA is a flat, located in an urban apartment building, inhabited by a small group of people. In this paper the authors consider an apartment inhabited by a group of three or four patients with the presence of clinical social workers who work in shifts for several hours a day on all or most days of the week (Barone et al., 2009, 2010). GA is also inspired by the pioneering work of Pullen (1999, 2003), in the UK tradition of the apartment post TC for psychosis. Findings GAs in Italy have become one of the main methods of support housing in recovery-oriented treatment, because it allows the empowerment of the users and fights against the stigma of mental illness (Barone et al., 2014; Bruschetta et al., 2014). The main therapeutic activities provided in the GA depend on the type of recovery route being supported, on the level of autonomy being developed and on the level of participation in the democratic life of the local community. Originality/value GAs appear better, cheaper and a more appropriate treatment for mental problems in the current financial and social climate than larger institutions. Where they have been tried out, they have been found to be effective, by users and by stakeholders. They exemplify the advantages of the DTC for encouraging recovery, but cost less to run. In accordance with DTC principles, the social democratic process is used not only to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of GAs, but also to build a network to support the development of innovative mental health services and new enabling environments (Haigh et al., 2012).
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Jung, Sukjin, and Seonghwan Yoon. "Changes in Sunlight and Outdoor Thermal Environment Conditions Based on the Layout Plan of Flat Type Apartment Houses." Energies 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2015): 9155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en8099155.
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Mulyandari, Hestin, and Luhur Sapto Pamungkas. "KARAKTERISTIK INFRASTRUKTUR RUMAH SUSUN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA Kajian Terhadap Kenyamanan Penggunaan Infrastruktur Bangunan." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 18, no. 2 (October 15, 2016): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v18i2.7479.
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Infrastructure of flats is an important of building, that researchers would analyzed of flats infrastructure existing in the city of Yogyakarta, such as flat of Juminahan, Cokrodirjan and Rogoyudan. This study aims to analyze the infrastructure of three public apartments in Yogyakarta, based on the advantages and disadvantages of physical discomfort and un-safety of public apartments users. The analysis resulted some conclusions, such as (1) the material of infrastructure access to the building is adequate, but has dangerous ramp, (2) water infrastructure is adequate, (3) pipe of sewage is leaking, there are no sewage treatment, (4) Electrical Infrastructure is not good because the location of the electrical panel located on the outside of the building so prone to damage and the electricity network funneled into the building through the shaft and with the cable tray distributed throughout the room, (5) Condition of Fire Protections are much damaged, (6) The symbols of evacuation route path is incomplete, (7) Infrastructure of garbage disposal is not managed properly so that uncomfortable, (8) Lightning rod is adequate. Advantages and disadvantages of such infrastructure of public apartment may effect the users comfort, and this research will be useful for the next infrastructure planning.Kebutuhan Infrastruktur bangunan rumah susun menjadi hal penting. Sebelum merencanakan inovasi infrastruktur rumah susun di Kotamadya Yogyakarta, peneliti menganalisa kondisi eksisting infrastruktur dari tiga rumah susun sewa (rusunawa) di Kota Yogyakarta, yaitu dari karakteristik infrastruktur di Rusunawa Juminahan, Cokrodirjan dan Rogoyudan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa infrastruktur tiga rusunawa di Kotamadya Yogyakarta menurut keunggulan dan kelemahan fisik, ketidaknyamanan dan ketidakamanan pengguna rusunawa. Hasil analisa infrastruktur dari tiga rusunawa tersebut yaitu (1) material akses ke bangunan memadai, dan kemiringan ramp curam, (2) infrastruktur air bersih memadai, (3) infrastruktur air kotor, banyak pipa yang bocor, tidak terdapat pengolaha limbah, (4) Infrastruktur elektrikal tidak memadai karena letak panel listrik terdapat di luar bangunan sehingga rawan dengan kerusakan, (5) Kondisi sistem penanggulangan bahaya kebakaran banyak yang rusak, peralatannya hilang, (6) Jalur evakuasi tidak memadai karena simbol jalur evakuasinya tidak lengkap, (7) Infrastruktur persampahan shaft sampah dan penampungan sampah tidak dikelola dengan baik sehingga sampah berceceran dan menimbulkan bau yang tidak nyaman, (8) Penangkal petir cukup memadai sehingga bangunan aman terhadap petir. Analisa karakteristik tersebut berpengaruh terhadap kenyamanan penghuni rusunawa, dan dapat digunakan pada perencanaan infrastruktur rumah susun yang akan datang.
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Otasowie, P. O., and O. Siloko. "Design and Implementation of a Power Failure Home Lighting System Using LED Arrays." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.108.
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This paper is on the design and implementation of a power failure lighting system using light emitting diodes (LED) arrays. The aim of this work is to design and implement a lighting system that can provide low power at home when there is power failure. The lighting system was achieved by the design of the: Power Supply Unit, Charging Unit, Change Over Switch, Battery Level Indicator, LED arrays.The power failure home lighting system was designed and implemented in a three bedroom flat apartment in Benin City when there was power failure. The total lighting points in the house consume a total power of 160 watts which was very low compared to energy saving (i.e. CFL) lamp (312 watts) and incandescent bulbs (480 to 740 watts). The designed power failure home lighting system performed satisfactorily.
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Vitriana, Anita. "STATUS SOSIAL-EKONOMI DAN KEPUASAN PENGHUNI APARTEMEN TRANSIT RANCAEKEK (ATR) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF HUNIAN MASYARAKAT BERPENGHASILAN RENDAH DI KAWASAN PERI-URBAN METROPOLITAN BANDUNG RAYA." TATALOKA 21, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.21.3.432-444.
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The research on the relationship between socio-economic status and the residential satisfaction is conducted at Rancaekek Transit Apartment (RTA) that located in Peri-urban Area of Bandung Metropolitan Area. RTA is the largest modest flat that is managed by West Java Provincial Government as alternative dwellings for low-income industrial workers in West Java. As one of the evaluation models of modest flats implementation, this study aims to find out some socio-economic factors which affect the level of satisfaction of the occupants. In this study, the assessment of residential satisfaction was using indicators on physical condition and management of modest flats. The examined socio-economic factors in this research consist of 16 attributes. Data was collected through questionnaires distribution, which spread to 93 respondents of RTA residents. Data processing and analysis of the relationship between satisfaction and socio-economic status were using chi-square bivariate method. The results showed that in the RTA occupancy with residential segments from a homogeneous economic status (low-income industrial workers), there were only social attributes which considered to have significant effects on occupant satisfaction. The four social attributes which have contributed to the level of residential satisfaction consist of the variable of marital status, the number of occupants in one unit, the counterpart of one residential unit and the location of the block.
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Lee, Sewon, and Kyung Sun Lee. "Optimization of Apartment-Complex Layout Planning for Daylight Accessibility in a High-Density City with a Temperate Climate." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 4172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164172.
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As interest in sustainable design increases, many methods have been suggested to develop an integrated sustainable design process. However, due to the lack of a scientific procedure using parametric tools for an objective evaluation, it is difficult to move forward with integrated sustainable design. In addition, the design priority of the indoor environment is still relatively low because of the score composition of the green-building certification system. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a simulation tool and method to help apartment-complex layout planning in urban contexts by focusing on the indoor daylight environment. In particular, Korean cities are densely formed with high-rise buildings in a small area, so the Korean Building Act has complicated provisions to reduce overshadowing between buildings. To reduce unnecessary wasted time while checking these complicated regulations, a simulation was used to automatically check building offsets. Galapagos, a component of Rhino-Grasshopper, was used to apply a genetic algorithm that discovered optimized results. A standard flat-type apartment complex in Seoul was analyzed with the developed tools in order to compare the existing plan with an optimized layout. The results of the simulation and the suggested analysis methods can help in the initial planning stages of an integrated sustainable design in a high-density city with a temperate climate. This allows architects to utilize the proposed results or use them as a reference for further modification and design.
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Veenis, Milena. "Cola in the German Democratic Republic. East German Fantasies on Western Consumption." Enterprise & Society 12, no. 3 (September 2011): 489–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146722270001020x.
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Coca Cola is frequently used to signal the large-scale transformation from socialism to capitalism in eastern and middle Europe, which began in East Germany in the autumn of 1989. In the famous German Wende-movie Goodbye Lenin, the caffeinated drink figures prominently. The main character in this movie is a middle-aged woman who has fallen into coma during one of the mass demonstrations in Berlin, in November 1989. When she finally wakes up, about one year later, her country no longer exists. Her children successfully hide this fact from her, surrounding her with the material remnants of the past. One day, when she gets out of bed, she sees people attaching a huge banner of Coca Cola to the large flat in front of her apartment bloc. The scene marks the beginning of her awareness that the world in which she used to live is definitively gone.
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Pronozin, Yakov, Tatyana Maltseva, Oleg Poroshin, and Anna Medvedeva. "Thin-walled shell foundations." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 05032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926505032.
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The article presents a study of the interaction of strip foundations of multistorey apartment houses united by flat cylindrical shells with a ground base. The foundation of a 17-storey residential building has been taken as an example. The ground base consists of strong upper and highly compressible underlying layers. The use of traditional foundations under the specified conditions is hardly possible. The calculation scheme of the building and the stages of the ground foundation work are represented. Also, the researchers share the results of geotechnical monitoring in the construction process including observations of settlings at 25 points with an accuracy of 0.1 mm and measurement of layer-by-layer deformations of the ground base under the building to a depth of 10 meters from the surface. The diagrams demonstrate the actual settlement of the building with increasing load and layer-by-layer deformations of the ground base in depth are presented.
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Atma Yuwita, Anggit. "Legal Action for Pre-Project Selling Based Buyers Whose Apartment Specification Have Changed Without Prior Approval." NORMA 17, no. 3 (February 11, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/nlj.v17i3.1228.
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One of the alternatives that can be used as a residence is an apartment. This study aims to know and analyze how the apartment buyers' dispute settlement is experiencing changes in the apartment location without prior notification and approval. This is normative legal research that will explore the legislation's contents. Based on the study results, the sale and purchase of apartments done by ordering then made a Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) that ensures the apartment will not be sold to others and delivered according to the time specified. Besides, it also regulated in Law Number 8 the Year 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 20 the Year 2011 on Flats. Therefore, in case of misuse in the sale and purchase of an apartment, the consumer may initiate legal action based on the existing PPJB and Consumer Protection Law.Keywords: PPJB, Apartment, Consumer
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McCarthy, Christine. "Anscombe's plans for Highrise Living." Architectural History Aotearoa 3 (March 16, 2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v3i.6798.
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In the 1930s New Zealand was yet to invest in inner-city living via large scale apartment buildings. Few examples of flats existed. A. Sinclair O'Connor's Courtville (1914-19) at the corner Waterloo Quadrant and Parliament Street, Auckland, and Francis Petre's Manor Place Flats in Dunedin were exceptions to conventional living. In the 1930s greater interest was shown in the design of inner-city apartments – most famously by the Department of Housing Construction's Berhampore Flats, Adelaide Rd (Wellington, Gordon Wilson, 1938-40), and Symonds Street Flats, Symonds Street (Auckland, Friedrich Neumann, 1939-47), anticipating their 1940s work: the Dixon Street Flats, Dixon Street (Wellington, 1940-44), the Maclean Flats, The Terrace (Wellington, 1943-44), the Hanson Street Flats, Newtown (1943-44), and the Greys Avenue Flats, Greys Avenue (Auckland, 1945-47). [NEW PARAGRAPH] In Wellington, Edmund Anscombe dominated the design of privately funded inner city flats, designing six art-deco/modernistic apartments during this time: Belvedere, Hamilton Flats, Olympus, Linfield, Alberts Flats and Franconia. This paper examines these apartments in the context of Anscombe's comments on house design, and housing, and his 1936 proposal to replan the area of Adelaide Road as a residential area to accommodate superblocks of high rise apartments.
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Michieletto, Manlio, Olatunde Adedayo, and Victor Bay Mukanya. "African Housing Renaissance: The Case of Gacuriro Valley Satellite Settlements, Kigali, Rwanda." Urban Planning 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2210.
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This article traces an African Housing Renaissance through the Trabantenstadt (Satellite City) vision for Kigali embedded in the Gacuriro Valley Satellite, which is composed of two settlements (or umudugudu, in Kinyarwanda): Kigali 2020 (2001–2005) and Kigali Vision (2013–2016). While the Kigali 2020 is an integrated Trabant (Satellite) which is able to interact with the existing context and trace the future built and unbuilt developments, the Kigali Vision adopts the idea of a protected compound, morphologically connected with the older settlements, but unable to tackle and solve spatial and social issues due to its ‘defensive’ character. The particular topography of the hillside receives an ambivalent interpretation: in the first umudugudu, the slope inspires the whole project, an organic raumplan, and in the second it has been denied, having been leveled for flat houses’ foundations and consequently a flat spatial indoor distribution. Nevertheless, this article argues that despite the evident architectural differences between the two settlements, they remain in the tradition of the Neues Bauen, in which mass housing represents the physical way of accommodating different social classes, granting equal and favorable living conditions. The typological variety demonstrates the aim to inclusively target distinct segments of the population. Apartment buildings (condominiums), row houses, twin houses and single houses mixed with public facilities, schools, a church, and sports structures, make up the settlements as unique pieces of a system and, at the same time, a singular whole.
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Tena-Colunga, Arturo, Enrique Del Valle, and Dalila Pérez-Moreno. "Issues on the Seismic Retrofit of a Building near Resonant Response and Structural Pounding." Earthquake Spectra 12, no. 3 (August 1996): 567–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585897.
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Paper presents an analytical study on the possible application of commonly used retrofit schemes for an existing nine-story apartment building in Mexico City. The building, located in Mexico City's lake-bed region, was originally conceived as a RC waffle-flat slab structural system and was built in the late sixties. The building suffered important structural damage during the March 14, 1979 Petatlán Earthquake, primarily caused by structural pounding with neighboring structures due to its flexibility and resonant response with the ground. The building was retrofitted shortly after the Petatlán Earthquake with steel bracing in the direction of pounding. The retrofitted building survived the September 19, 1985 Michoacán Earthquake with light structural damage. Some evidence of pounding with one neighboring structure was again observed. Because of the chronic pounding problems with adjacent structures, which are separated eight to fifteen cm from the apartment building, it is felt that an additional upgrade of the structure may be needed for the safety of the building if a strong earthquake similar to the 1985 Michoacán Earthquake may strike Mexico City soon again. Different retrofit schemes were studied, which can be grouped as follows: a) weight reduction, b) column and waffle-slab jacketing, c) addition of energy dissipation devices, d) removal of top floors, e) replacement of diagonal bracing with newer bracing and, f) a combination of previous solutions. The effectiveness of the studied retrofit schemes is discussed by comparing their dynamic structural response with respect to the response of the actual retrofitted structure using nonlinear dynamic analyses for a postulated Ms=8.1 earthquake, as well as construction process, property value, and building use considerations. It is concluded that many aspects need to be evaluated in a seismic retrofit plan for a given building structure and often, the best alternative from the structural viewpoint may not be the best alternative overall.
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Ruseckaitė, Indrė, and Aušra Černauskienė. "MONOLITH EXPERIMENT IN VILNIUS: BETWEEN IDEA AND PRAGMATISM / MONOLITO EKSPERIMENTAS VILNIUJE: TARP IDĖJOS IR PRAGMATIŠKUMO." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 36, no. 3 (October 9, 2012): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2012.732490.
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In postwar development of modernist architecture, ambiguity of reinforced concrete in the role of a causer of a qualitative leap of the architectural thought is particularly reflected by controversial application directions and scales of the present material: from industrialised mass construction of prefabricated reinforced concrete large-panel houses seen as pure pragmatism to individual examples of monolithic reinforced concrete architecture with exclusive plasticity seen as idea disseminators. This is the relation between the ideological content and pragmatism of the monolithic reinforced concrete technology the present article deals with discussing the issue in the contexts of Vilnius housing construction. Multi-dwelling units of monolithic reinforced concrete constructed in compliance with an innovative and experimental technology of that time have been chosen due to relatively low realisation scale thereof and due to the fact that the experiment under investigation hardly took a couple of the last decades of the Soviet era, the end whereof also denotes breakup of the phenomenon. The paper aims at answering what are the pragmatic and ideological impulses having determined development of the technology, what architectural and urban ideas are displayed by the buildings constructed; why the monolithic experiment with the significant role to be played in the unrealised perspective plans of urban development has finished together with the Soviet period and what are today's manifestations with respect to assessment and architectural interpretations of the phenomenon. Conclusions of the article maintain that the best display of the relation between the ideological content and pragmatism of the monolithic reinforced concrete technology in Vilnius is exposed in the contexts of housing construction. Demand for the rapid and inexpensive housing construction technology and new reinforced concrete technologies were combined in the field of construction industrialisation and projects of multiple apartment houses. Necessity for original non-standard architectural vertical accents in the monotonous environment characteristic of the quarters of standard apartment houses encouraged to search for an appropriate innovative technology. Monolithic reinforced concrete (as an alternative to prefabricated reinforced concrete large-panel or brickwork construction being unfavourable to the present typology) was chosen due to a range of pragmatic reasons such as comparatively short design and realisation time, lower labour expenditures and less metal input required. Having joined together ideological and pragmatic needs, the monolithic reinforced concrete technology was applied for some ninety apartment houses in Vilnius from 1974 to 1990. Initially employed for the ultimate challenges, i.e. tower-blocks, later the monolithic experiment was used in construction of barrier blocks and terraced houses of composite structures, whereas at the end of the Soviet era it was utilised for construction of single-family houses. Greater technological potential of the experiment having lasted just for eighteen years enabled more freedom in interpretation of the plan structure of an apartment house, therefore, innovations in living spaces are an integral part of the monolithic experiment. Sculpturesqueness of monolithic towers, form iconicity, demonstration of functional building segments in the plan and volume point to ideological changes in modernist architecture. Switchover from one form to structural combination of a few ones, display of the present structurality in the volume also suggest reflections of structural ideas of "spatial blocks" in design of apartment houses, wherein a flat or a group of flats turn into a segment or block of the plan and spatial structure. Being able to open a range of opportunities for exposition of monolithic reinforced concrete and texture thereof, thereby ensuring development of the "techno-functional" structuralism trend, the monolithic reinforced concrete technology failed to gain the expected scope in the real life due to limited technological possibilities. Contextual ideas, born in the sixties of the 20th c. and declaring the necessity to reinterpret the principles of historic architecture and the old city forms as well as to adapt them to the newly developed urban areas, are also found in the changes of Lithuanian architectural and urban thought. The notion of architectural mounds of Vilnius generated during this period was both elaborated in the central part of the city and rephrased in residential districts. Monolithic tower-blocks were clustered next to the major (micro)raion centres, thereby forming mounds, or were used as peaks of the mounds shaped of standard apartment houses, often turning into the functional concentration points of microraions themselves. At that time, the idea of a barrier block acting as a protection wall that safeguards the microraion against highway noise was developed, however, it was worked out just on the basis of the monolithic technology. Demand for the morphotype with respect to switchover from free building-up to perimeter one and possibilities thereof are marked by construction of perimeter blocks of apartment complexes, the ideas of "privacy" reborn wherein were eventually transformed in projects of monolithic terraced and individual houses as well as in very few realisations. Monolithic reinforced concrete apartment houses represent the technological heritage of the uncompleted and discontinued monolithic experiment having gone out together with the Soviet era. Non-relevant scopes of apartment house construction with the scale of that time as well as the doubts having arisen at the end of the Soviet period with respect to justification of the monolithic technology in construction of apartment houses testify to the end of the monolithic experiment under discussion. Application field of monolithic reinforced concrete moves to interior building structures "dressing" the exterior with modern materials, therefore, monolithic facades just remain a part of the experiment of the past Soviet era, the reverberations whereof are found in individual buildings of today's architecture solely. Santrauka Gelžbetonio kaip kokybinio architektūrinės minties šuolio kaltininko dviprasmiškumas pokarinėje modernistinės architektūros raidoje ypač matomas iš kontraversiškų šios medžiagos naudojimo krypčių ir mastų: nuo industrializuotos masinės surenkamų gelžbetoninių stambiaplokščių namų statybos kaip grynojo pragmatiškumo iki pavienių išskirtinės plastikos monolitinio gelžbetonio architektūros pavyzdžių kaip idėjos skleidėjų. Būtent monolitinio gelžbetonio technologijos idėjiškumo ir pragmatiškumo santykis straipsnyje ir nagrinėjamas, šį klausimą perkėlus į Vilniaus gyvenamosios statybos kontekstus. Monolitinio gelžbetonio gyvenamieji namai, pastatyti naudojant savo laiku inovatyvią ir eksperimentinę technologiją, pasirinkti dėl palyginti nedidelio jų įgyvendinimo masto ir dėl to, kad šis eksperimentas tetruko ne visus porą paskutinių sovietinės eros, kurios pabaiga žymi ir šio fenomeno nutrūkimą, dešimtmečių. Tekste siekiama atsakyti, kokie pragmatiniai ir idėjiniai postūmiai lėmė šios technologijos plėtojimą, kokios architektūrinės ir urbanistinės idėjos skleidžiasi šiuose objektuose; kodėl monolitinis eksperimentas, kuriam nemenkas vaidmuo numatytas neįvykusiuose miesto plėtros ateities planuose, pasibaigė kartu su sovietmečiu ir kaip reiškiasi šiandieniniai šio reiškinio vertinimai bei architektūrinės interpretacijos.
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Bakaeva, Tatyana. "Collective space of high-rise housing complex." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183301019.
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The article considers the problems of support of citizens a comfortable living environment in the conditions of the limited territory of the megalopolis, the typological principles of formation of space-planning structure high-rise residence complexes with public space. The collective space for residents of high-rise housing estates on the example of international experience of design and construction is in detail considered. The collective space and the area of the standard apartment are analysed on comfort classes: a social - complex Pinnacle @ Duxton, a business - Monde Condos and an elite - Hamilton Scotts. Interdependence the area of the standard flat and the total area of housing collective space, in addiction on the comfort level, is revealed. In the conditions of high-density urban development, the collective space allows to form the comfortable environment for accommodation. The recommendations for achievement of integrity and improvement of quality of the city environment are made. The convenient collective space makes a contribution to civil policy, it creates the socializing sense of interaction of residents, coagulates social effect.
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Huuhka, Satu, and Sini Saarimaa. "Adaptability of mass housing: size modification of flats as a response to segregation." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 36, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 408–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-01-2018-0011.
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Purpose When dwellings fail to respond to residents’ needs, housing will suffer from segregation and buildings will possibly be demolished ahead of their time. This paper focuses on the lack of variation in the sizes of dwellings as a factor in residential segregation. It examines this issue in the context of Finnish mass housing built in the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose of the paper is to review how mass housing layouts can be adapted to produce the currently absent flat sizes. Design/methodology/approach The paper operates at the intersection of human geography, building stock research and adaptability research. First, statistical data are utilized to investigate how dwellings and households of different sizes are distributed over the Finnish housing stock. Second, the building layouts of mass housing are examined in detail. Third, the potential that flats in mass housing have for size modification is reviewed. Findings There is a disparity of available dwelling sizes between different housing types, and statistics show that the proportion of large households has decreased significantly in blocks of flats over the last decades. The lack of large dwellings in mass housing may contribute as one factor to the segregation of the neighborhoods built in the 1960s and 1970s. The findings show how the variation of apartment sizes can be increased in mass housing. Originality/value The housing stock is rarely examined in detail in segregation research, even though it is a major determinant for a city’s social structure. This paper argues that to address segregation sustainably, it is necessary to understand the housing stock better and to view it as an adaptable asset.
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Anabelle, Mika, and Hanafi Tanawijaya. "SISTEM PRE PROJECT SELLING DALAM PENJUALAN SATUAN UNIT APARTEMEN MENURUT UNDANG -UNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG RUMAH SUSUN (CONTOH KASUS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGRI JAKARTA PUSAT NOMOR: 616/PDT.G/2017/PN.JKT.PST JO. PUTUSAN PENGADILAN TINGGI JAKARTA NOMOR: 20/PDT.G/2019/PT.DKI)." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 2, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v2i2.6570.
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Pre-Project Selling is a marketing and apartment sales activity conducted before construction is carried out, which is often done by developers before licensing is issued specified in Law Number 20 of 2011 concerning Flats so often causes problems. The purpose of this paper is to determine the pre-project selling system in the sale of apartment units according to the Law on Flats and legal protection for buyers of apartments with a pre-project selling system if the developer defaults.The research method used in this study is a normative research method. The research data was collected by means of a literature study using the method of approaching the law relating to this study, namely Law Number 20 of 2011 concerning Flats.The results of this study show that the sales system with this pre-project selling system often creates problems because the requirements as stipulated in the apartment laws have not been fulfilled, therefore developers can be held accountable both civil, criminal and administrative.
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Hryhorenko, Luibov V., Serhii V. Abramov, Volodymyr M. Baibakov, Valerii A. Digtiar, and Dmytro M. Lukianenko. "Influence of sanitary – domestic conditions in the rural settlements of dnepropetrovsk region on the peasants’ healh." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 2 (2020): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202002113.
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The aim: Implementation results of sociological survey to the practice of hygienic researches at the subjective estimation of the drinking water quality and sanitary conditions of people’s life. Materials and methods: At our study was used standardized “Questionnaire survey about quality of piped drinking water, which enters to the building (apartment)”, which contained 25 questions. In the sociological survey were participated 150 respondents. Results: Peasants of Dnepropetrovsk region considered that the following indicators of drinking water quality impact on their health: deterioration quality of piped drinking water, smell – 22.6%, color – 14.6 %, rust – 13.3 %, precipitate – 8.0 %, turbidity and suspended solids – 10.6 %, taste and aftertaste – 13.3 %, foam and impurities – 10.6 % (p<0.05). Some of peasants (14.6 %) have unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, living on 5 – 6 persons in 1 rooms flat (p<0.05). Conclusions: Results of sociological survey shown that among rural residents increased the demand for a consumption of pre-treated drinking water, due to the deterioration quality of tap water in the rural area. It was determined, that increased frequency of use the bottled drinking water – daily it was used by 13 rural respondents (17.3%), once a week – 21 respondents (28%), 2-3 times a week – 8 respondents (10.6%).
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Jung, Suk-Jin, and Seong-Hwan Yoon. "Analysis on the Influence of Building Coverage Ratio and Floor Area Ratio on Sunlight Environment and Outdoor Thermal Environment in Flat-type Apartment Houses." Journal of the architectural institute of Korea planning & design 31, no. 5 (May 30, 2015): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5659/jaik_pd.2015.31.5.69.
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Nardi, Iole, and Marialisa Sarcina. "Shading and layout influence on flats energy performance of an apartment building." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019702013.
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Giving the need for environment protection and energy need reduction, especially in the building sector, it is important to clearly understand what influences, and to what extent, buildings’ energy performance. In this work, an apartment building has been considered, and the influence of shadings and of flats layout on the energy performance ratings are evaluated. The case study is a building of the ‘90s, which has been demolished and re-built (2016) according to the actual energy requirements. For each of the 16 flats of the building, the energy certificate has been retrieved in the two configurations: before and after reconstruction. From the analysis of the specific energy consumption, and of their components (i.e. energy need for ventilation, transmission losses, solar gains), in the two configurations, a comparison amongst the flats has been drawn. Results show that the apartment layout influences the solar gains, but this influence (in percentage) is higher in the “ex-ante” configuration than in the “ex-post”. Similarly, the energy gains are more relevant in the “expost” configuration, in which some apartments, although having higher dispersing surface, result to be more efficient due to their favourable exposition.
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Shekera, E. A. "Dagestan Youth in Saint Petersburg: Social Map of Resettlement." Discourse 6, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-3-94-108.
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Introduction. Using the method of social mapping of urban space in the study of youth from the Republic of Dagestan living in St. Petersburg, the author attempts to create the map of the resettlement of Dagestan youth. The author also considers factors affecting the geography of resettlement: economic, discrimination against migrants from the Caucasus during attempts to rent a flat, attracting “self-networks” to search for housing, etc. The main research goal is to understand whether there is the phenomenon of compact residence of migrants from Dagestan in St. Petersburg.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the research consists of the following approaches: socio-ecological (R. Park, E. Burgess), sociospatial (C. Booth, O. Trushchenko), constructivist (B. Anderson, R. Brubaker). The possibilities and limitations of the tools used in mapping urban space are examined: it is concluded that a questionnaire is best suited for the study of highly mobile groups of the population, such as internal migrants, and despite the impossibility of calculating the general totality.Results and discussion. The resettlement map of Dagestan youth reflects the peripheral type of residence in actively built up outlying districts, thereby real estate rental prices in these areas are the lowest in the city, and the tendency of resettlement compactness was recorded, including depending on the place of departure. A high degree of closeness of the environment was revealed – 73,3 % of respondents faced a biased attitude due to their national / religious affiliation when trying to rent an apartment. In a “closed” environment, migrants are forced to turn to more effective mechanisms of primary groups and seek housing through social networks (that is, real people and the Internet).Conclusion. Despite the well-established opinion of experts, that the local residence of migrants is undesirable and even dangerous, since the load on the social sphere is increasing, the district’s infrastructure is changing, acquiring features that are not characteristic of the majority living, the number of conflicts, etc., Nevertheless, this process is not controlled by the state in any way: newcomers rent apartments or buy housing in areas with the lowest prices, thus, the localization of migrants' residence is a natural process occurs by itself.
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Asahar, Siti Fairus, Khasnur Abd Malek, and Mohamad Rodi Isa. "Quality of Life and Child’s Autism-Specific Difficulties among Malaysian Main Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 9861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189861.
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Caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) negatively impacts quality of life (QoL). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the factors associated with perceived QoL and how problematic a child’s autism-specific difficulties are among the main caregivers of children with ASD who attend specialized preschool programs at the National Autism Society of Malaysia and IDEAS Autism Centre located in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Utilizing the questions from Parts A and B of the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA), the data from 116 responders were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear regression. The mean scores of Part A and Part B were 88.55 ± 17.25 and 56.55 ± 12.35, respectively. The QoL was significantly associated with staying in an apartment/flat −11.37 (95%CI: −19.52, −1.17, p = 0.008), main caregivers attending two training sessions 10.35 (95%CI: 1.17, 19.52, p = 0.028), and more than three training sessions 13.36 (95%CI: 2.01, 24.70, p = 0.022). Main caregiver perceptions of their child’s autistic-specific difficulties were significantly associated with not receiving additional help for childcare: no maid −13.54 (95%CI: −24.17, −12.91, p = 0.013); no grandparent −8.65 (95%: −14.33, −2.96, p = 0.003); and main caregivers not having asthma 8.44 (95%CI: 0.02, 16.86, p = 0.049). These identified factors can be considered to inform main caregivers and health care providers on targeted ways to improve the QoL of main caregivers.
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Dufitinema, Josephine. "Volatility clustering, risk-return relationship and asymmetric adjustment in the Finnish housing market." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 661–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-12-2019-0125.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the house prices in Finland share financial characteristics with assets such as stocks. The studied regions are 15 main regions in Finland over the period of 1988:Q1-2018:Q4. These regions are divided geographically into 45 cities and sub-areas according to their postcode numbers. The studied type of dwellings is apartments (block of flats) divided into one-room, two rooms and more than three rooms apartment types. Design/methodology/approach Both Ljung–Box and Lagrange multiplier tests are used to test for clustering effects (autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity effects). For cities and sub-areas with significant clustering effects, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH)-in-mean model is used to determine the potential impact that the conditional variance may have on returns. Moreover, the exponential GARCH model is used to examine the possibility of asymmetric effects of shocks on house price volatility. For each apartment type, individual models are estimated; enabling different house price dynamics, and variation of signs and magnitude of different effects across cities and sub-areas. Findings Results reveal that clustering effects exist in over half of the cities and sub-areas in all studied types of apartments. Moreover, mixed results on the sign of the significant risk-return relationship are observed across cities and sub-areas in all three apartment types. Furthermore, the evidence of the asymmetric impact of shocks on housing volatility is noted in almost all the cities and sub-areas housing markets. These studied volatility properties are further found to differ across cities and sub-areas, and by apartment types. Research limitations/implications The existence of these volatility patterns has essential implications, such as investment decision-making and portfolio management. The study outcomes will be used in a forecasting procedure of the volatility dynamics of the studied types of dwellings. The quality of the data limits the analysis and the results of the study. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that evaluates the volatility of the Finnish housing market in general, and by using data on both municipal and geographical level, particularly.
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Calabrese, Toni, Fabian Ochs, Dietmar Siegele, and Georgios Dermentzis. "Compact ventilation and heat pump with recirculation air for renovation of small apartments." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101011.
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A new compact and cost effective heating and ventilation concept for decentral renovation of small flats in multifamily houses was developed and investigated in the framework of the Austrian project “SaLüH!” through a dynamic building and HVAC simulation study based on results of laboratory measurements of functional models. The system consists of a façade integrated supply air/exhaust air heat pump equipped with a desuperheater allowing to increase the heating power and to add more freedom to control the system. The simulation results show that such a system is able to improve the thermal comfort of the flat (compared to the standard heating concept without desuperheater) with good indoor air quality and satisfying energy performance. The proposed system - because of its versatility and compactness - represents an ideal solution for decentral renovation of flats in multi-family houses, especially in case of limited space inside the flat and if central solutions are not possible for technical, economic or social reasons.