Journal articles: 'Flat knitting'

1

Fouda, A., A. El-Hadidy, and A. El-Deeb. "Knitting Force Measurement on Flat Knitting Machines." Journal of Textiles 2014 (August 5, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/546472.

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Knittability can be defined as the ability of yarns to run on knitting machines without problems. Knittability can be achieved when less stress is applied on the knitting machine parts by the knitting yarns. This paper presents a novel measuring system for the knitting force needed to perform knitting yarns on flat knitting machine based on data acquisition system (DAS). The proposed system is used to measure the knitting force at different machine settings and different properties of the knitting yarns to determine the optimal production conditions. For this reason, three types of knitted fabric structures (single jersey, Rib 1 × 1, and full cardigan) with three different loop lengths and five different twists of ply yarn were produced. The obtained results showed the optimal yarn ply twist factor (αe) which gave minimum knitting force (less stress on needles or knitting yarns) at different loop lengths for each structure.

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Zhang, Chi, Xiao Guang Wu, and Cheng Jun Zhang. "Control Data Preparation of Computerize Flat Knitting Machine." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.422.

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In order to realize the conversion from computer flat knitting machine design pattern to control data, a kind of control data preparation method in development of computerize flat knitting machine is introduced by this paper. This method has five parts, including of PAT data, CNT data, SYS data, KSD data, and FKD data. This paper illustrates the function of all the data documents and data definition, and give the FKD data conversion algorithm. Most existing pattern of design software flat knitting machine process files can be compatible by this method. FKD data conversion algorithm has small burden of data to control system. FKD data transmission is compact and can be quickly applied in all kinds of master-slave type of computer knitting machine control system. This design has applied to computerize flat knitting machine controller with stability of processing data and excellent performance.

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Huang, Ji Ye, and Ming Yu Gao. "Flat Knitting Machine Design Based on Display Accelerator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.8.

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In this paper, the application of a FPGA-based large-screen and high-resolution display accelerator technology in full-automatic textile machinery (computerized flat knitting machine) is studied. The design of traditional computerized knitting machine system is difficult to support the display of large screen and high resolution operating interface. Therefore, a displaying accelerator is designed in this paper. It comprises of FPGA, configuration chip, SDRAM and LVDS transmitter chip, is located between the embedded main processor and high resolution TFT LCD screen of computerized flat knitting machine, and implements the modules such as display acceleration logic and SDRAM controller relying on Verilog HDL programming in FPGA. The computerized flat knitting machine, applying displaying acceleration technology, can present its dynamic color interface on an 800 x 600 resolution TFT LCD (10.4") on the condition that real time, reliability and cost can be ensured.

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SHCHERBAN, V., A. PETKO, O. KOLISKO, Y. SHCHERBAN, and L. HALAVSKA. "SOFTWARE MODULES AND PROCEDURES OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR DETERMINING THE TENSION OF A KEVLAR THREAD WHEN KNITTING USING A RECURSOR ALGORITHM." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 295, no. 2 (2021): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-295-2-271-274.

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Improving the process of knitting fabrics from Kevlar complex threads on flat knitting machines is to create the minimum necessary tension in the area of formation of the knitted fabric. To ensure this, it is necessary to determine the change in relative tension in the refueling zones of Kevlar complex threads on flat knitting machines. These zones are formed by arranging the thread guides, tension compensation devices, tension devices and thread break control devices in the working area of the supply system to form a spatial filling line for each specific knitting machine. This complex task for flat knitting machines should be based on the use of specially designed computer programs. Given the specifics of processing Kevlar complex threads on flat knitting machines, when determining the relative tension in each zone, it is necessary to use a recursion algorithm, when the output tension of Kevlar complex threads from the previous zone will be the input for the next zone. When determining the tension of Kevlar complex threads, their interaction with the guides of Kevlar complex threads, tension compensation devices, tension devices and devices for controlling the breakage of Kevlar complex threads, it is necessary to take into account the value of Kevlar complex thread diameter, its physical and mechanical properties, deformation, deformation the coefficient of bending stiffness when determining the actual angle of coverage of the guide surface. Ensuring the minimum necessary tension in the area of formation of the knitted fabric will allow to obtain the parameters of the loop structure of property and tactical equipment of servicemen capable of protecting the human body from fire, cold, cutting, barbed weapons, shock and shotgun impact. Minimizing the tension in each zone of the line of Kevlar complex threads on flat knitting machines will reduce the probability of breakage, which is important for improving knitting processes from the standpoint of improving the productivity of flat knitting machines and product quality. Mathematical support of a computer program requires the development of models of thread guides, tension compensation devices, tension devices and thread break control devices, taking into account the real physical and mechanical properties of Kevlar complex threads and real geometric and structural parameters of structural elements of the feed system.

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Huang, Ji Ye, Ming Yu Gao, and Heng Cai. "Application of FPGA-Based Large-Screen and High-Resolution Display Accelerator in Computerized Flat Knitting Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 192 (July 2012): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.192.318.

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In this paper, the application of a FPGA-based large-screen and high-resolution display accelerator technology in full-automatic textile machinery (computerized flat knitting machine) is studied. The design of traditional computerized knitting machine system is difficult to support the display of large screen and high resolution operating interface. Therefore, a displaying accelerator is designed in this paper. It comprises of FPGA, configuration chip, SDRAM and LVDS transmitter chip, is located between the embedded main processor and high resolution TFT LCD screen of computerized flat knitting machine, and implements the modules such as display acceleration logic and SDRAM controller relying on Verilog HDL programming in FPGA. The computerized flat knitting machine, applying displaying acceleration technology, can present its dynamic color interface on an 800 x 600 resolution TFT LCD (10.4") on the condition that real time, reliability and cost can be ensured.

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6

Zhao, Min, and Kun Yang. "Intelligent Detection of Yarn Supply Tension during Flat Knitting Process." Advanced Materials Research 298 (July 2011): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.298.63.

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Yarn supply tension is a key factor which has influences on the quality of knitted fabrics. This paper introduces a method to detect the yarn tension during knitting action. A 3-rollor tension sensor was adopted and a sensory system was assembled on a flat knitting machine. A single chip microcomputer and a specially designed circuit were used for the signal capturing and transmission. Yarn tension changes during the knitting process was recorded and displayed by a PC. In order to verify the validity, several experiments were arranged. The results indicate that the yarn tension can be detected, recorded and displayed. After analyzing the tension curves, it is founded that the knitting action especially the yarn elastic properties and feed spring performance affects the yarn supply tension. We also find this method is practical.

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7

Lu, Zhiwen, Gaoming Jiang, Honglian Cong, and Xi Yang. "The Development of the Flat-Knitted Shaped Uppers based on Ergonomics." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 2 (2016): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0029.

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Abstract To achieve the efficiency and specification of the flat-knitted uppers design, the basic patterns of uppers are made from shoe lasts based on the research on the characteristics of human’s feet and wearability requirements on uppers. The knitting technology for half-shaped and fully shaped uppers was formed after the shear deformation of basic pattern and combination with flat knitting technology. As regards to the functional requirements on key parts of uppers, the structures of flat-knitted shaped uppers were intensively analysed and studied, dividing them into two categories (functional structure and decorative structure), discussing the knitting methods and advantages of different structure, and finally experimentally proving that the planar pattern of flat knitted uppers can apply to the design of flat-knitted uppers and achieve the combination of functionality and artistry of sneakers after combining with structural changes, with a great significance on the achievement of the efficient production of uppers and the enhancement of its commercial value.

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Liu, Zhi Hui, Sheng Ze Wang, Qiong Shen, and Jia Jun Feng. "Eye Movements as a Means to Evaluate Operation Interface of Flat Knitting Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.664.

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This study investigates the characteristics of eye movements by operating flat knitting machine. For the objective evaluation purpose of the flat knitting machine operation interface, we arrange participants finish operation tasks on the interface, then use eye tracker to analyze and evaluate the layout design. Through testing of the different layout designs, we get fixation sequences, the count of fixation, heat maps, and fixation length. The results showed that the layout design could significantly affect the eye-movement, especially the fixation sequences and the heat maps, the count of fixation and fixation length are always impacted by operation tasks. Overall, data obtained from eye movements can not only be used to evaluate the operation interface, but also significantly enhance the layout design of the flat knitting machine.

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9

Fang, Yuan, and Fan Tian Xia. "Dynamic Research of Knitting Element for Computerized Flat Knitting Machine Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.488.

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Based on research on the knitting processes, an impact mechanic model for knitting elements was established to investigate the variation of the impact force in vertical direction between the cam and the select jack. The variation of the displacement, velocity, acceleration of the select jack and the stability for the needles’ moving has been confirmed by the simulation of knitting process based on the software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Furthermore, the variation of the select jack has been confirmed by experimental measurement during the knitting process. The data of the experiment results were in accordance with the ANSYS’ simulation which verified the correctness of the ANSYS’ analysis. It provided a theoretic basis for the design of computerized flat knitting machines.

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10

Han, Qiang, and Pei Wei Hou. "The Pattern Management Mathematical Method of Computer Flat Knitting Machines Based on Embedded Processor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.156.

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Computer flat knitting machine (CFKM) is a kind of high-technology knitting equipment, which integrates computer science, mechatronics technology and knitting technics. The paper anatomized the structure of data information of the CFKM, carefully discussed the pattern management mathematical method of the data processing and then put forward the implementation of pattern management mathematical method in embedded processor.

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11

Peng, Jiajia, Gaoming Jiang, Honglian Cong, Xuan Luo, and Yan Zhao. "Development of whole garment formed on four-bed computerized flat knitting machine." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 3 (2018): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-07-2017-0105.

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Purpose The whole garment technology offers a solution for the production efficiency by directly knitting a seamless tubular garment. Due to its complexity, high requirements and few references, the technology has not been widely applied in mass production. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show garment technology’s detailed design method, the technique calculation process and its merits compared than common technology. Design/methodology/approach This paper first analyzes the knitting principle of the four-bed computerized flat knitting machine from its configuration. After that, the design method is putted forward as well as the technique calculation process. To reveal the advantages of the whole garment technology, this paper builds a comprehensive evaluation system by comparing the knitting time, labor cost and the yarn consumption. Findings With the evaluation system, the whole garment technology is proved to be more productive, cost-saving and less materials-consuming. Moreover, this advantage stands more out when the machine gage is higher. Research limitations/implications Due to limited research time and references, this paper only presents the whole garment technology for knitting common and traditional styles. More complicated and fashioned garments can be studied in the future research. Practical implications The design method and technology presented in this paper can be used as a reference for both the designers in the manufacture industry and the scholars for academic research works. Originality/value This paper has presented the whole garment technology and a specific method for technique calculation with consideration of garment structures. It also builds a evaluation system to show the advantages in terms of knitting efficiency, labor cost and yarn consumption.

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12

Yang, Kun, and Song Liu. "Study on the Fiber Bending Deformation during Knitting Process." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1421.

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In this paper, a method for evaluating the curvature radius of conductive knitted fabrics was reported. Plain knitted fabrics were made by using conductive fibers on a hand-driven V-bed flat knitting machine. The needle movement and loop formation during the knitting action were recorded, and then these images were analyzed by using the image processing approach for obtaining the curvature radius of needle loop. Finally, the knitting actions of two conductive fibers under two conditions were evaluated.

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13

Hong Hu, Zhengyue Wang, and Su Liu. "Development of auxetic fabrics using flat knitting technology." Textile Research Journal 81, no. 14 (2011): 1493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511404594.

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14

Shi, Guo Fang, and Sen Lin Zhang. "Design of Pattern Preparation System of Computerized Flat Knitting Machine Based on Delphi." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1395.

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A design method and primary functions of pattern preparation system of computerized flat knitting machine are introduced. The system provides a formidable mapping system based on object-oriented and multi-document, so pattern becomes simple and flexible to be edited and displayed. In addition, the compiler has a novel method of compiling pattern data. Two pattern description files (PAT and CNT) are generated after compiled, which include all control information that computerized flat knitting machine needs. The system also provides a direct and friendly interface, through which user can accomplish pattern design quickly and conveniently.

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15

Luo, Xuan, Gaoming Jiang, and Honglian Cong. "A prediction method of material consumption for flat-knitted sweaters." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 5 (2017): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-06-2016-0065.

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Purpose A method for predicting the material consumption of a sweater is presented before it is knitted. It can be achieved with the five basic models combined with the parameters related to the dimensions of the knitting machine and needles. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Based on the parameters of the needle bar flat knitting machine, the sweater is modeled with five basic structures. The mathematical expression of each basic structure can be derived with corresponding parameters under some consumptions. In following, the predictive weight of the sweater can be formulated with the expression of the length of the basic structures and the linear density of the yarn. Findings To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, experiments of three types of sweaters on four different knitting machines are carried out. The results show that the proposed method can achieve the performance with the bias values by percentage ranging from −1.54 to −2.84 percent. Research limitations/implications Due to the present limited research, more experiments could not be carried out. To improve the performance and robustness of the proposed method, statistical performance measures such as the statistical mean and variance in massive experiments will be studied in the further research. Practical implications The evaluation of the material consumption can be obtained before it is knitted with the known basic parameters related to the machine and yarn. Originality/value This paper derives the general expressions of five basic structures based on the corresponding parameters of knitting machine. The predictive weight of the sweater is expressed according to the above basic structures before the sweater is knitted.

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16

Liu, Song, and Kun Yang. "Investigation on the Bending Deformation of the Stainless Steel Fibers during Knitting Action by Using Image Processing Method." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.383.

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In this article, the bending deformation of stainless steel fibers during knitting action was investigated. Two stainless steel fibers with different configurations were knitted into plain knitted fabrics on a flat knitting machine. During the knitting action, the formation of needle loops were recorded and analyzed by using the image processing approach. The curvature radius of the needle loop was examined and regressed with polynomial fitting. The experimental results indicate that stiffness is the main factor affecting the bending deformation. Yarn diameter and needle geometry are another two important factors influencing the bending deformation.

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17

Дворжак, В. М. "ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ ЧЕТВЕРТОГО КЛАСУ ДЛЯ ПРИВОДУ ВУШКОВИХ ГОЛОК ОСНОВОВ’ЯЗАЛЬНОЇ МАШИНИ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, № 3 (2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.1.

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Development and research of functionally-adequate target mechanisms of technological machines of light industry with application of applied CAE-programs. Used the apparatus of vector algebra; analytical and numerical methods for determining the position functions of planar mechanisms containing a structural group of the fourth class of the second order, based on the vector transformation of coordinates; random search method for metric synthesis of flat mechanisms; methods of computer visualization and animation of kinematic schemes of flat mechanisms of higher classes. Mathematical models describing the position functions of the mechanism of eyelets of a warp knitting machine containing a structural group of the fourth class of the second order with rotating kinematic pairs in the form of angles of moving links, free vectors constructed on these links and radius vectors of characteristic points of the mechanism as a function of the angle of rotation of the master crank. The geometrical parameters of the flat six-link mechanism of eyelets for the warp knitting machine containing the structural group of the fourth class of the second order with rotating kinematic pairs as a result of metric synthesis of the mechanism by random search in CAE-program are determined; computer circuit modeling of the obtained mechanism is performed; graphs of visualization and animation of the kinematic scheme of the received mechanism are constructed; identification of the kinematic scheme of the obtained mechanism for compliance with the accepted structure; the received graph of function of position of an auricular needle of the mechanism of the fourth class; the functions of the position of the eye needle of the new mechanism and the mechanism of the basic knitting machine OV-7 are compared. The structure of a flat six-link mechanism, containing structural groups of the fourth class of the second order with rotating kinematic pairs, is proposed for use as a drive in a warp knitting machine on the example of the mechanism of oscillating movement of eyelets. The geometric dimensions of the moving parts of the functionally adequate mechanism of the fourth class for the drive of the eye needles of the basic knitting machine are determined. Software blocks for automated computer metric synthesis and calculation of link angles and radius vectors of characteristic points of the mechanism in the CAE program have been created. Practical Value is to use the results for the design and construction of flat mechanisms of the fourth class with rotating kinematic pairs of warp knitting machines, in which the working bodies make stops during the work process.

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Дворжак, В. М. "ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ ЧЕТВЕРТОГО КЛАСУ ДЛЯ ПРИВОДУ ВУШКОВИХ ГОЛОК ОСНОВОВ’ЯЗАЛЬНОЇ МАШИНИ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, № 3 (2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.1.

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Development and research of functionally-adequate target mechanisms of technological machines of light industry with application of applied CAE-programs. Used the apparatus of vector algebra; analytical and numerical methods for determining the position functions of planar mechanisms containing a structural group of the fourth class of the second order, based on the vector transformation of coordinates; random search method for metric synthesis of flat mechanisms; methods of computer visualization and animation of kinematic schemes of flat mechanisms of higher classes. Mathematical models describing the position functions of the mechanism of eyelets of a warp knitting machine containing a structural group of the fourth class of the second order with rotating kinematic pairs in the form of angles of moving links, free vectors constructed on these links and radius vectors of characteristic points of the mechanism as a function of the angle of rotation of the master crank. The geometrical parameters of the flat six-link mechanism of eyelets for the warp knitting machine containing the structural group of the fourth class of the second order with rotating kinematic pairs as a result of metric synthesis of the mechanism by random search in CAE-program are determined; computer circuit modeling of the obtained mechanism is performed; graphs of visualization and animation of the kinematic scheme of the received mechanism are constructed; identification of the kinematic scheme of the obtained mechanism for compliance with the accepted structure; the received graph of function of position of an auricular needle of the mechanism of the fourth class; the functions of the position of the eye needle of the new mechanism and the mechanism of the basic knitting machine OV-7 are compared. The structure of a flat six-link mechanism, containing structural groups of the fourth class of the second order with rotating kinematic pairs, is proposed for use as a drive in a warp knitting machine on the example of the mechanism of oscillating movement of eyelets. The geometric dimensions of the moving parts of the functionally adequate mechanism of the fourth class for the drive of the eye needles of the basic knitting machine are determined. Software blocks for automated computer metric synthesis and calculation of link angles and radius vectors of characteristic points of the mechanism in the CAE program have been created. Practical Value is to use the results for the design and construction of flat mechanisms of the fourth class with rotating kinematic pairs of warp knitting machines, in which the working bodies make stops during the work process.

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Jiang, Wei Qing, and Chun Xia Chen. "Development of Partial Tubular Flat Knitting Fabric Composite Preform." MATEC Web of Conferences 63 (2016): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166303014.

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Qiu, Yu Ying. "The Effect of Tucking Courses' Number on Performance of Knitted Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.353.

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In this paper, four types of single needle tuck stitches which have different tuck courses are designed and programmed through M1PLUS software. Using the blended yarns of apocynum fiber and cotton fiber (10/90), these tuck stitched are knitted by STOLL computer flat knitting machine. Through testing, comparing and analyzing on dimension property, thickness, air permeability and drape, the change regulation of tuck structures is grasped so as to guide the design of the knitting fabric.

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Li, Xiaoying, Gaoming Jiang, Xiaolin Nie, Pibo Ma, and Zhe Gao. "Knitting Technologies And Tensile Properties Of A Novel Curved Flat-Knitted Three-Dimensional Spacer Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 15, no. 3 (2015): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0006.

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AbstractThis paper introduces a knitting technique for making innovative curved three-dimensional (3D) spacer fabrics by the computer flat-knitting machine. During manufacturing, a number of reinforcement yarns made of aramid fibres are inserted into 3D spacer fabrics along the weft direction to enhance the fabric tensile properties. Curved, flat-knitted 3D spacer fabrics with different angles (in the warp direction) were also developed. Tensile tests were carried out in the weft and warp directions for the two spacer fabrics (with and without reinforcement yarns), and their stress–strain curves were compared. The results showed that the reinforcement yarns can reduce the fabric deformation and improve tensile stress and dimensional stability of 3D spacer fabrics. This research can help the further study of 3D spacer fabric when applied to composites.

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Song, Xiao Lei, Bing Ying Cheng, Li Wei, and Pei Pei Yue. "Knitting Crafts and Products Design of the Double-Faced Jacquard Stitch." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.462.

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Jacquard stitch is widely used in clothing and many other areas in recent years. The paper describes the structural features, classification and knitting crafts of the jacquard stitch. Particularly are the knitting process and the locus of needles on the needle bar. However, newly design by the fancy appearance formation regularity is the emphasis of this paper. The design principle is according to the arrangement of color yarns and the drafting of new stitches. Cotton and polyester blended yarns are taken as the raw materials with several colors. Finally, a style of the double-faced jacquard stitch of the complementary yarns and a style of the sesame points are finished on the double-needle bar by the flat knitting machine.

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Jiang, Gaoming, Zhiwen Lu, Honglian Cong, Aijun Zhang, Zhijia Dong, and Dandan Jia. "Flat Knitting Loop Deformation Simulation Based on Interlacing Point Model." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 4 (2017): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2016-0019.

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Abstract In order to create realistic loop primitives suitable for the faster CAD of the flat-knitted fabric, we have performed research on the model of the loop as well as the variation of the loop surface. This paper proposes an interlacing point-based model for the loop center curve, and uses the cubic Bezier curve to fit the central curve of the regular loop, elongated loop, transfer loop, and irregular deformed loop. In this way, a general model for the central curve of the deformed loop is obtained. The obtained model is then utilized to perform texture mapping, texture interpolation, and brightness processing, simulating a clearly structured and lifelike deformed loop. The computer program LOOP is developed by using the algorithm. The deformed loop is simulated with different yarns, and the deformed loop is applied to design of a cable stitch, demonstrating feasibility of the proposed algorithm. This paper provides a loop primitive simulation method characterized by lifelikeness, yarn material variability, and deformation flexibility, and facilitates the loop-based fast computer-aided design (CAD) of the knitted fabric.

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Kanakaraj, P., R. R. Ramachandran, and B. S. Dasaradan. "Development of Multi-Layer Fabric on a Flat Knitting Machine." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, no. 2 (2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900203.

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The loop transfer technique was used to develop the a splitable multi layer knit fabric on a computerized multi gauge flat knitting machine. The fabric consists of three layers: inner-single jersey, middle-1×1 purl and, outer-single jersey. By varying the loop length the multi layer knit fabric samples were produced, namely CCC-1, CCC-2 and CCC-3. The above multi layer fabrics were knitted using 24s Ne cotton of combined yarn feed in feeders 3, 4, and 4 respectively. The influence of loop length on wpc, cpc and tightness factor was studied using linear regression. The water vapor and air permeability properties of the produced multi layer knit fabrics were studied using ANOVA. The change of raw material in three individual layers could be useful for the production of fabric for functional, technical, and industrial applications.

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Choy, P. K., J. Atkinson, and T. Dias. "A New Technique for Feeding Yarn in a Flat Bed Knitting Machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 209, no. 2 (1995): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_242_02.

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The quality of knitted fabric panels is of considerable importance to the knitwear industries. The latest development in flat bed knitting technology improves the efficiency of the production by knitting fully fashioned fabric panels that are to exact shape and size. This greatly reduces the cutting waste and length of time for the making-up process, but garment manufacturers are still facing the difficulty of retaining dimensional stability of the knitted panels. One of the significant factors influencing this undesired property is input yarn tension variation. The analysis of this problem is described and a new method of yarn feeding is also suggested. This method utilizes storage yarn feed to eliminate the undesired effect of yarn feed speed variation and has been applied as a prototype. The results show a promising and satisfactory improvement in the fabric quality.

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Guan, Wei Bo, and Xiao Ying Zhang. "Development of Bulky Silk Knitting Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.284.

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The denier of raw silk is enlarged by selected high denier cocoon silk and combined silk filament. The silk impregnating agent was mixed with hot water in order to enhance the softness of silk when reeling silk. After reeling, the silk and polyester partially oriented yarn（POY）were combined and textured by mechanical force and heat, and the silk multifilament with physic mechanical and geometric distortion was produced. Several silk multifilaments were fed together into the yarn carrier of coarse V-bed flat machine and grey cloth was knitted. The silk knitting fabrics with coarse style were produced through refining and drying. Such fabric, which bulkiness, elasticity and drapability are excellent, is suitable for kinds of knitting outer wear.

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Liu, Yu Lei, Jia Guang Meng, Ya Hong Han, and Hui Qin Shan. "Development of Jade Nylon-Based Fibers and Viscose Blended Yarn." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 2135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.2135.

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In order to develop a Jade nylon-based fibers knitting blend yarn which has reasonable price, good wearing characteristics, and can highlight the function of Jade fiber, we selected 1.27dtex Jade nylon-based fibers and 1.67dex viscose filament to blend，twisted them into a yarn, and designed four kinds of blending ratio and three kinds of twist ratio. By testing cool degree and wearing characteristics of indexes of the fabric which was knitted by the flat knitting machine with them, combined with mathematical fuzzy evaluation theory to evaluate these indexes, and taking the wearing characteristics, price, reflection of Jade fiber the three aspects into account, we come to the conclusion that jade nylon-based fibers blended knitting yarn, blend ratio of 35:65, twist of 800 twists / m are for the best.

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Kennon, W. R., T. Dias, and P. Xie. "A Novel Positive Yarn-feed System for Flat-bed Knitting Machines." Journal of the Textile Institute 91, no. 3 (2000): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000008659547.

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RUZAIKINA, GALINA PETROVNA, and GALINA GERMANOVNA KHARKOVSKAYA. "PRACTICAL USE OF THE JACKET PATTERN FOR MANUFACTURE OF KNITWEAR." Messenger AmSU, no. 93 (2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/jasu.93.30.

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The article is devoted to the issue of making modern knitted clothing. A method of making a one-piece knitted product on a two-loop flat-knitting machine is considered. As a result, the consumption of materials and the time for the manufacture of the product is reduced.

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30

Fan, You Hong, Ji Hong Xu, Xiao Dou Liang, and Xiao Hui Li. "Design of Ottoman Stitch in Knit CAD for Computer Flat Machine." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.694.

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This paper introduces the definition of ottoman stitch in details, provides some fabric panels of ottoman and describes the appearance of fabric structure. In addition, the knitting method and technology design for whole-ottoman and part-ottoman in Knit CAD are introduced and analyzed respectively. Finally, some typical examples for application of ottoman on sweater design are enumerated, which can enlarge and enrich the fields of sweater design.

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31

NAKASHIMA, Akichika, Yusuke HIGUCHI, Lina WAKAKO, and Toshiyasu KINARI. "Development and Applications of a Smart Textile Actuator by Flat Knitting Technology." Journal of Textile Engineering 64, no. 5 (2018): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/jte.64.133.

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Qiu, Yu Ying. "Performance Testing for Bamboo Charcoal Knitting Fabrics of Different Structures." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1977.

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In this paper, the eco combination yarns of bamboo carbon fiber and cotton fiber which have the same yarn count are used to knit four structures by computerized flat knitting machine such as plain jersey, half cardigan stitch, milano rib stitch and half-milano rib stitch. Through testing, comparing and analyzing on drape, air permeability, moisture absorption and bursting strength, the results show that the plain jersey knitted products are the best.

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Sramala, Peeraya. "A Study of Knitted Fabric from Thai Silk Waste Yarn." International Journal of Creative and Arts Studies 4, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/ijcas.v4i1.1950.

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Thai silk is a part of Thailand regional cultural heritage. The unique characteristics are gummy, sticky substance and shining. Thai silk Industry share a common problem to other industries, the process produces a lot of waste. A solid waste from Thai silk can be classified into three types: Incomplete cocoons broken silk yarn; and silk fabric waste. Generally, these waste use for reuse in the business roles such as fashion accessories and decorative produc t. In order to adding value to Thai Silk waste can be done by knitted fabric properties: more flexible and able to produce in flat, seamless, and three dimension. The recycle concept led to following studies: 1) To do an experiment of yarn spinning from Thai silk waste fibre; 2) To experiment a knitted fabric from a yarn of Thai silk waste and; 3) To experiment yarn dyed and knitted fabric piece dyed by natural dyeing colour. A method of study consist of fibre preparing and spinning by hand, the equipment to develop knitted fabric are hand knitting and knitting machine, the natural dyeing colour come from coffee grounds, Turmeric, Red cabbage, and Mulberry. The result of study are: 1) Fibre and spinning experiment shown a yarn is uneven; yarn from broken silk yarn, silk fabric waste, and incomplete cocoon fibre are sticky and softly touch respectively; 2) Knitted fabric experiment showed that the production by hand knitting are soft and flexible than a knitting machine. While knitting machine fabric is smooth surface than hand knitting fabric and; 3) Natural colour dyeing experiment showed that the colour absorption of yarn dyed is better than piece dyed. In conclusion, a result of the study can be used as a guideline idea to create new knitted fabric made from Thai silk waste to present the aesthetic values through textures, colours, structure and pattern.

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Melnyk, Liudmyla, Olena Kyzymchuk, and Liudmyla Zubkova. "Ukrainian Folk Ornaments in Modern Knitting." TEKSTILEC 64, no. 2 (2021): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2021.64.84-95.

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National arts and crafts are not only the skills of an individual nation but an ethnic phenomenon that has unique features and serves as a source of information on national history and culture. Decorative and applied art in Ukraine combines the traditions and techniques of manufacturing and decoration, which have been developed and passed down from generation to generation. It has a clear national identity and numerous regional differ¬ences in ornamental motifs, compositions and favourite colours. Therefore, the Ukrainian folk art has a significant potential and is a source of ideas in creating modern clothing as well as interior items. Embroidery as a way of creating ornamental motifs on a textile material using various techniques is a common process for decorating clothes and interiors for the Ukrainians. Today, ornamental compositions of embroidered folk textiles could be transmitted into modern clothes using various technologies. However, the use of a knitting machine allows creating a pattern during the item production. The ornament transformation into a pattern for knitting can be carried out with graphic software by creating a grid with a cell size similar to the loop size of a knitted structure for corresponding interlooping. A number of clothing and interior items with ethnic motifs was created using the capabilities of flat knitting machines within the masters programme “Knitting Technology and Design” at the Textile Technology and Design Department of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design.

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35

Lu, Zhiwen, and Gaoming Jiang. "Rapid Simulation of Flat Knitting Loops Based On the Yarn Texture and Loop Geometrical Model." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 2 (2017): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2016-0002.

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Abstract In order to create realistic loop primitives suitable for the fast computer-aided design (CAD) of the flat knitted fabric, we have a research on the geometric model of the loop as well as the variation of the loop surface. Establish the texture variation model based on the changing process from the normal yarn to loop that provides the realistic texture of the simulative loop. Then optimize the simulative loop based on illumination variation. This paper develops the computer program with the optimization algorithm and achieves the loop simulation of different yarns to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. Our work provides a fast CAD of the flat knitted fabric with loop simulation, and it is not only more realistic but also material adjustable. Meanwhile it also provides theoretical value for the flat knitted fabric computer simulation.

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36

Kang, Li. "Hand Flat Knitting Machine Speech Counter System Design - Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4227.

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This paper designed a set of counter system to hand flat knitting machine based on single-chip microcomputer, for the inconvenient of counter of traditional ones. It used a shading photoelectric switch sensor converted the output of the sensor into standard electrical signal of single-chip microcomputer with converter, then dealed with single-chip microcomputer, and the count value was output by speech at the end . The hardware simulation results show that the design is practical, achieving the schemed requirements.

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37

Ganzer, Paula Patricia, Cassiane Chais, and Pelayo Munhoz Olea. "Product, process, marketing and organizational innovation in industries of the flat knitting sector." RAI Revista de Administração e Inovação 14, no. 4 (2017): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rai.2017.07.002.

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38

Wang, Qiu Mei, Xiao Yang, Jing Gao, and Peng Fei Song. "Knittability of Basalt Fiber Weft-Knitted Fabrics for Composite Reinforcement Based on Properties of Advanced Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 583 (October 2012): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.583.207.

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The knittability of basalt fiber yarn for knitted fabrics was estimated from two aspects. Firstly the effect of 3 kinds of head size of needle hook on the loop strength of basalt fiber yarn was analysis by the experimental data. Then the basalt fiber yarn was knitted into plain, 1*1 rib and all needle rib knitted fabrics in 5 different loop lengths in a flat knitting machine. The influence of loop length, fabric stitch and fiber fineness on the fiber damage degree were studied by means of the tensile strength of the yarn taken from the fabrics for all kinds of fabrics. The experimental results show that for these 3 kinds of basalt weft knitted fabrics there is a best loop length in which the fiber damage degree caused by the knitting process is the smallest and the value is different for each stitch.

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39

Hamouda, T. "Complex three- dimensional-shaped knitting preforms for composite application." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 7 (2016): 1536–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083715624260.

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For decades, street lighting and electric poles are made of metal and it is vulnerable to corrosion due to the harsh weather and chemicals. To overcome such essential problems, galvanized iron is used although it adds more hard work to increase the manufacturing cost. Therefore, fiber reinforced polymer lighting pole is proposed. Fiber reinforced polymer materials possess many advantages such as corrosion resistance, high specific strength and stiffness, etc. Two-dimensional woven fabrics and three-dimensional woven fabrics preforms are used to produce composite structures. However, complex shapes cannot be manufactured as a one piece preform. Woven fabrics, whether two-dimensional or three-dimensional need to be cut into patterns to finally produce the complex shapes. These processes add more cost and time to the final composite products. In this research, innovative technique to produce a three-dimensional complex shape knitted preform using regular flat-knitting machine will be presented. Production of such shaped three-dimensional preform permits the production of one piece-shaped preform without any connection or further sewing processes. Produced knitted preform can be used for various reinforcement applications such as light and communication poles, scaffold façades, traffic sign, oars, and wind mill blades.

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40

Zhao, Cang, Guang Li Song, and Lei Xu. "Optimal Design of Computerized Flat Knitting Machine Cam Curves Based on UG and ANSYS/LS-DYNA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.410.

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By combining the industrial design software UG and finite element dynamic analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the paper respectively designs the non-linear knitting cams with polynomial curves, and simulates the loop-forming process in the interaction between the cams and needles. Based on comparative analyses, it’s thereby concluded that the polynomial curve has the best performance and is significantly superior to the cam curve composed of straight-lines and circular-arcs; the elements with higher stresses are located above the butt of needle jack and the joint of the jack and latch needle; and the polynomial curve is effective in lowering the maximum stress of the needle.

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41

Кизимчук, О. П., О. В. Буряк та О. В. Головня. "Вплив кількості пресових петель на властивості подвійного трикотажу". Fashion Industry, № 2 (30 вересня 2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2706-5898.2019.2.1.

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The establishing of the influence of the number of took loops in the repeat of combined interloping on the structure`s parameters and the properties of the weft knitted fabric, which is formed by alternating courses of rib 1 + 1 and half-cardigan, is the purpose of the work. All knitted samples have been produced on a 10-gauge flat bed knitting machine from 32x2 tex semi-wool yarn. Methodology. The study of the structure`s parameters and the relaxation characteristics has been carried out according to standard methods after providing the fabrics with conditionally equilibrium state by wet-heat treatment.

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42

Kowalski, Krzysztof, Krzysztof Karbowski, Magdalena Kłonowska, Aleksandra Prążyńska, Witold Sujka, and Tomasz Marek Kowalski Kowalski. "Designing Seamless Compression Products Supporting the Process of External Treatment on Numerically Controlled Flat Knitting Machines." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 4(130) (2018): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1316.

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43

Zhai, Zhi Yong, and Min Chang. "Development of the Pattern Preparing System for Fully Automatic Flat Knitting Machine Which Based on Embedded Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.557.

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A new controlling system of fully automatic flat machine based on embedded technology is introduced in the paper. The computer is replaced by a 32 bits micro-processor and its expansions in the system, it downloads data that has been handled by the pattern preparing system, then sends the data to corresponding address of chips, in this way knitting is implemented. As an important part of the controlling system, the pattern preparing system provides programming interface to the users, and handles the work information in the users’ file. Work information is saved in the computer which is used as the server. Functions of every block, structure of software and data structure adopt of the pattern preparing system are described in detail.

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44

Zhao, Tong, Hairu Long, Tianqi Yang, and Yanping Liu. "Cushioning properties of weft-knitted spacer fabrics." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 14 (2017): 1628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517705630.

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Three-dimensional spacer fabrics which have a sandwich structure are formed in a single knitting process without any additional joining treatment. They consist of two separate multifilament outer layers connected by arrays of spacer monofilaments. This paper presents an experimental study on the relationships between the cushioning properties and structural parameters of weft-knitted spacer fabrics in order to lay a foundation for the development of seamless shaped impact protectors for human body impact protection. Sixteen spacer fabrics of different structural parameters were knitted on a computerized flat knitting machine and tested on a universal mechanical testing machine. The cushioning properties of the spacer fabrics were analyzed in terms of their structural features, compression stress–strain curves, energy absorption, and compression resilience. It was found that multifilament fineness, spacer yarn diameter, and spacer yarn pattern should be matching in order to form effective binding structures between the outer layers and spacer monofilaments. The results also showed that spacer fabrics knitted with a shorter spacer yarn span distance, coarser monofilaments, and higher spacer yarn density have better compression resistance and absorption energy but inferior compression resilience if their binding structures are effective. This study has practical significance in promoting the application of this type of fabric as a cushion material for human body protection.

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45

Lin, Fangbing, Wei Li, Xiaodong Du, Jinhua Jiang, and Nanliang Chen. "Structure, property and knittability of polyimide filaments with various strength and modulus." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 5 (2018): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518755787.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on the knittability of various polyimide (PI) filaments, namely PI-H (high strength and modulus), PI-M (moderate strength and modulus) and PI-L (low strength and modulus) filaments. The tensile strength of the PI-H, PI-M and PI-L filaments is 3.41, 1.65 and 0.88 GPa, and the Young’s modulus is 92.94, 40.71 and 9.43 GPa, respectively. The chemical compositions and structures of various PI filaments were characterized to explain the mechanical performance differences. The results show that the imidization degree, structural crystallinity and orientation have significant effects on the mechanical behaviors of PI monofilaments. The filament forces during the knitting process are simplified into straight tensile, loop tensile and abrasion actions, which have been tested and analyzed on PI monofilaments. A home-made simulative knittability analyzer was designed to test the knittability of the PI filaments. A hand flat knitting machine was used to verify the validity of the simulating methods and the constructed knittability analyzer. The PI-H, PI-M and PI-L filaments have poor, moderate and excellent knittability, respectively. The results also demonstrate that the simulating methods and the constructed simulative knittability analyzer are reasonable and efficient to evaluate the knittability of PI filaments.

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46

Zhu, J. H., J. Yang, C. H. Ge, Hong Xia Zhang, C. Y. Zhu, and J. T. Li. "Functional Studies on Coffee Yarn Knitted Clothing Fabrics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.28.

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To study functionality of coffee yarn knitted clothing fabrics, use five different proportion of coffee yarn: 70% viscose/30% coffee yarn; 67.5% viscose/32.5% coffee yarn; 65% viscose/35% coffee yarn; 62.5% viscose/37.5% coffee yarn; 60% viscose/40% coffee yarn, knit five kinds of fabrics on computerized flat knitting machine.Test and analysis odor removal performance, hygroscopic, heat accumulation function of trial fabrics. The results show that: to coffee yarn and viscose blended knitted fabrics, along with coffee yarn content increases, the odor removal rate of the fabric has increased significantly, the fabric hygroscopic enhance, better performance of heat accumulation. 40% coffee yarn content of the fabric has a good heat accumulation.

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47

Krieger, Helga, Dorit Kaufmann, and Thomas Gries. "Kinematic Drape Algorithm and Experimental Approach for the Design of Tailored Non-Crimp Fabrics." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.393.

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In the preforming process, the textile is draped into the geometry of the structural part and afterwards consolidated with resin via injection. For preforming processes non-crimp fabrics (NCFs) have become increasingly popular for cost effective applications. For the realization of automated draping of two-dimensional textiles into three-dimensional complex geometries during the preforming process there is a high advantage for the use of tailored textiles compared to textiles with uniform material properties. Large flat surfaces require a high bending stiffness and low shear stiffness due to high structural stability of the textile and small radii of curvature require a low bending stiffness due to good drapeability of the textile. The bending and the shear stiffness of NCFs with a given layup can be influenced by the manufacturing parameters of the knitting yarn. With tailored NCFs it is possible to adapt the manufacturing parameters of the knitting yarn locally in the production direction to improve drapeability and handling of the textile in the preforming process. To use the high potential of tailored NCFs, the development of the new textile structure has to go hand in hand with the characterization and with the simulation of the draping process. An experimental approach and a modelling approach using a kinematic drape algorithm have been developed to define the local stitching parameters for tailored NCFs dependent on the geometry of the component part.

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Atalay, Ozgur, Asli Tuncay, Muhammad D. Husain, and William R. Kennon. "Comparative study of the weft-knitted strain sensors." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 5 (2016): 1212–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083715619948.

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In this study, weft-knitted strain-sensing structures are described, along with the materials and manufacturing techniques required to produce the fabrics on a computerised flat-bed knitting machine. Knitted sensing fabrics with conductive yarns, i.e. silver-plated nylon yarn and polyester-blended stainless steel yarn have been created with different design possibilities. A laboratory test set-up was built to characterise the knitted sensors and the resulting equivalent resistance under the different level of strains. The most successful samples have been realised through a series of single conductive courses within the interlock base fabric structure using silver-plated nylon in terms of responsivity, repeatability and lower electrical signal drift. Deficiencies associated with strain-sensing structures realised through the intermeshing of conductive yarns have also been addressed.

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49

Husain, Muhammad Dawood, Richard Kennon, and Tilak Dias. "Design and fabrication of Temperature Sensing Fabric." Journal of Industrial Textiles 44, no. 3 (2013): 398–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083713495249.

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A temperature sensing fabric is described, along with the manufacturing techniques required to produce the fabric on a computerised flat-bed knitting machine. Knitted sensing fabrics with copper, nickel and tungsten wire elements have been produced with resistances ranging from 3 to 130 Ω. The most successful samples have been created using textile-wrapped, enamelled wire and not only the textile character of the sensing element was enhanced, but also its tensile strength. A mathematical relationship has been derived between the temperature and resistance of the knitted sensors and this can be used to optimise its dimensions to achieve a targeted reference resistance. The temperature-resistance curves demonstrate a linear trend with a coefficient of determination in the range of 0.99–0.999 and can be integrated into garments to monitor skin temperatures.

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50

Ceken, Fatma, Gulsah Pamuk, Ozan Kayacan, Ahmet Ozkurt, and Şebnem Seçkin Ugurlu. "Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Plain Knitted Fabrics Containing Conductive Yarns." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 4 (2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700404.

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In this study, stainless steel conductive yarns with 500 tex fineness and 14 Ω/m linear resistances were inserted into the reverse side of the knitted fabrics made from acrylic yarns. Six types of knitted fabrics with conductive yarns were produced on an E=7 gauge electronic flat bed knitting machine. Then the electromagnetic shielding efficiency (EMSE) of the sample fabrics were measured in the frequency range of 750 MHz – 3000 MHz. The EMSE variations of the sample fabrics having conductive yarns with respect to fabric structure and polarization type (vertical and horizontal) were also investigated. It was observed that the same samples showed different behaviors and have dissimilar EMSE values in different polarization conditions. When compared to horizontal polarization measurements, the vertical measurement results gave better EMSE values.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flat knitting'

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