Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flat roofs

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Flat roofs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Flat roofs"

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Eksi-Akbulut, Dilek, and Enise Yasemin Gokyigit-Arpaci. "TYPES OF FLAT EARTHEN ROOFS USED IN VERNACULAR ANATOLIAN ARCHITECTURE AND THEIR PRESERVATION PROBLEMS." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.1.89.

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ABSTRACT Earthen materials and rammed earth architecture concepts are becoming more and more popular among architects due to their applicability in various climates and low-cost construction technique. However, the use of flat earthen roofs in today’s architecture is rare, although there is historical evidence for the vernacular use of earthen materials in roof assemblies. The first examples for vernacular earthen flat roofs are found in Anatolia, Catalhoyuk. Flat earthen roofs used in vernacular, Anatolian buildings should be studied because a lack of maintenance has resulted in these vernacular Anatolian earthen buildings being on the verge of extinction today. There is a lack of literature research about the construction materials and techniques used in this traditional construction process. The aim of this study is to compile and present the knowledge behind this traditional flat earthen roof technique. In this study, initially, the flat earthen roofs used in vernacular Anatolian Architecture are analyzed via an extensive literature review. It has been found that in different districts of Anatolia, different types of vernacular flat earthen roofs together with different material layers and construction techniques exist. Site studies were carried out in Kemaliye.* During these site studies, six flat earthen roofs present in Kemaliye and in neighboring towns constructed via traditional construction techniques were analyzed and interviews were carried out with seven local foremen. Then, based on the information gathered, these traditional flat earthen roofs were classified into four types according to their material layers and construction techniques. Finally, preservation problems for flat earthen roofs are discussed.
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Eksi-Akbulut, Dilek, and Enise Yasemin Gokyigit-Arpaci. "TYPES OF FLAT EARTHEN ROOFS USED IN VERNACULAR ANATOLIAN ARCHITECTURE AND THEIR PRESERVATION PROBLEMS." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.89.

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ABSTRACT Earthen materials and rammed earth architecture concepts are becoming more and more popular among architects due to their applicability in various climates and low-cost construction technique. However, the use of flat earthen roofs in today’s architecture is rare, although there is historical evidence for the vernacular use of earthen materials in roof assemblies. The first examples for vernacular earthen flat roofs are found in Anatolia, Catalhoyuk. Flat earthen roofs used in vernacular, Anatolian buildings should be studied because a lack of maintenance has resulted in these vernacular Anatolian earthen buildings being on the verge of extinction today. There is a lack of literature research about the construction materials and techniques used in this traditional construction process. The aim of this study is to compile and present the knowledge behind this traditional flat earthen roof technique. In this study, initially, the flat earthen roofs used in vernacular Anatolian Architecture are analyzed via an extensive literature review. It has been found that in different districts of Anatolia, different types of vernacular flat earthen roofs together with different material layers and construction techniques exist. Site studies were carried out in Kemaliye.* During these site studies, six flat earthen roofs present in Kemaliye and in neighboring towns constructed via traditional construction techniques were analyzed and interviews were carried out with seven local foremen. Then, based on the information gathered, these traditional flat earthen roofs were classified into four types according to their material layers and construction techniques. Finally, preservation problems for flat earthen roofs are discussed.
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Pushkar, Svetlana, and Oleg Verbitsky. "LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF WHITE FLAT AND RED OR WHITE PITCHED ROOFS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN ISRAEL." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 2 (March 2017): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.2.95.

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Historically, white flat roofs have been used in Israel due to the intense solar radiation and long, hot, rainless summers. However, red pitched roofs have also been frequently used for aesthetic reasons. It has been recently observed that red pitched roofs have been recolored white by homeowners. The goal of this study was to compare the life cycle assessments (LCAs) of white flat roofs versus red or white pitched roofs through their production (P), operational energy (OE), and maintenance to disposal (MtoD) stages. EnergyPlus software was used to evaluate the OE stage. The ReCiPe method was used to evaluate the environmental damages in all the stages. A two-stage nested ANOVA was used to determine the significant differences between the ReCiPe result of a white flat roof and the ReCiPe result of a red/white pitched roof. It was found that (i) selection of the best roof technology (flat or pitched) requires consideration of the LCA, including the P, OE, and MtoD stages; (ii) the white (flat and pitched) roof was the best technology, while the red pitched roof was the worst technology; and (iii) the combination of the ReCiPe endpoint hierarchical six methodological options method with two-stage nested hierarchical mixed ANOVA is the best approach for assessing the differences related to the LCAs of roof technologies.
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Björk, Folke. "Single-ply roof coverings on flat roofs." Construction and Building Materials 7, no. 4 (December 1993): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(93)90010-a.

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Fazio, Paul, and Krishnan Gowri. "Expert system ‐ flat roofs." Batiment International, Building Research and Practice 17, no. 5 (September 1989): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01823328908726990.

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Hunter Cairns, A. "High performance flat roofs." Structural Survey 14, no. 3 (September 1996): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809610129021.

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Van Renterghem, Timothy. "Improving the noise reduction by green roofs due to solar panels and substrate shaping." Building Acoustics 25, no. 3 (May 28, 2018): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x18776804.

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The urban fabric largely consists of acoustically rigid materials. This not only affects sound pressure levels in streets, but also how sound propagates towards the back side of a building or to connected urban canyons. A green roof is a practical solution to have roof absorption, mitigating diffracting sound waves. Flat green roofs were shown to provide roughly 3 dBA urban road traffic noise reduction relative to a common flat rigid roof. Although already relevant, it has been numerically studied in this work how the green roof insertion loss of flat roofs can be further increased. Solar panels on green roofs were found to significantly decrease sound pressure levels at the shielded building facade, up to 5 dBA on top of the insertion loss of granular substrates. Polyurethane foam slabs as green roof substrates provide relevant shielding when placed on a series of hollow trapezium-like cores of sufficient height.
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Rogulj, Katarina, Nikša Jajac, and Katja Batinić. "Flat Roofs Renovation Planning on Public Buildings Using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Analysis." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (April 6, 2023): 6280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15076280.

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Renovation of flat roofs typically involves repairing or replacing the existing roof to improve its performance and extend its lifespan. The renovation process may include a range of tasks depending on the condition of the roof, such as repairing leaks, replacing damaged or deteriorated materials, adding insulation, or upgrading drainage systems. This research aim was to establish the priority of renovation of flat roofs of the public building based on the principles of multi-criteria analysis and fuzzy set theory, using the multi-criteria method PROMETHEE II in fuzzy logic form (F-PROMETHEE II). The proposed approach is adequate due to its ability to transform the uncertain and vague information received from an expert into a fuzzy number. This way, the objective outcome can be obtained, the criteria conflict removed and the alternatives ranking and mutual comparison enabled. It was necessary to analyze the existing literature, the flat roofs of a public building in terms of their current condition, and define the main goals and criteria for the roof renovation project. Based on the defined goals and criteria, the roofs are evaluated and ranked according to the priority for renovation. The planning process of renovation of flat roofs was carried out specifically on the building of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy in Split.
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Campiotti, Carlo Alberto, Carlo Scibetta, Noemi Caltabellotta, Luciano Consorti, and Antanas Joustas. "Green roofs for the energy and environmental sustainability of buildings." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 2 (January 2020): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2019-002-s1003.

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Green roofs are considered structural components that act as an insulating layer for buildings. Among the factors that influence the choice of this type of horizontal green there are: the geographical location, the climate, and the need to improve the thermal insulation of the flat roof. Some types of layouts are proposed for the sustainable construction of green roofs. In addiction the structural and vegetation components suitable for the realization of green roofs are also described. The energy performance of an experimental green roof prototype located at the ENEA Casaccia Research Center shown that the horizontal green layer improves the thermal insulation of the flat roof by over 40%.
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Krauß, T. "DERIVATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES FROM NOISY DIGITAL SURFACE MODELS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W2-2023 (December 13, 2023): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w2-2023-15-2023.

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Abstract. In this work we present a novel approach for segementation of a noisy DSM to building structures and other non-building structures – normally trees – and the modeling of them. Mostly Digital Surface Models (DSMs) from only a few aerial images or only from one pair of satellite images tend to be very noisy and lack good quality especially in shadow areas. Since actual methods for deriving roofs rely on a valid height information by joining areas of same slope to a roof-plane these fail regularly with such noisy DSMs. In our presented approach we use a slope map of the DSM only to detect flat regions. Since those regions on top of roofs are mostly good illuminated we can derive the ridges of roofs and flat roofs and also ground areas. All narrow, flat, elevated areas are ridges and may occur on roofs or on trees. After connecting ridges in ridge-directions there remain two types of ridges: long, straight ridges of roofs and mixed short ridges in many directions for the trees. Fitting symmetric planes through the roof-ridge-lines gives finally the roof-planes reducing the effects of noise on shadowed parts of the roof. Taking the other tree-ridges as seeds for a watershed transformation will give the trees. Finally the proposed method is applied to a noisy DSM and the results will be discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flat roofs"

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Ghariani, Samia. "Experimental study of wind induced suction on flat roofs." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7540.

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A 1:10 scale model building previously tested in the NRCC 9$m \times 9m$ wind tunnel was reproduced with a more exaggerated scale of 1:100 in a smaller wind tunnel and tested. Also tested was a half of the building cut along the line of symmetry and with various heights. The purpose of the testing was (1) to examine the repeatability of the roof pressure patterns with a more exaggerated scaling factors, and (2) to explore the feasibility of using a portion of the building for the testing of structural details against wind action. It was confirmed that the proposed simulation of only a half or even less portion of the building at various scaling factors can be a useful wind tunnel testing method which can reproduce the previously established full building test results as long as the parapet height ratio is kept constant and the wind tunnel blockage ratio is kept minimal.
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Oba, Koichi. "Flat Roofs : Investigation of Heat Welding Techniques for Polymer-Modified Bituminous Roofing Membranes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34490.

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Contarini, Antonio. "Flat roofs renovation: a life cycle approach for environmental impact assessment and economic effectiveness." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3313/.

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The high energy consumption caused by the building sector and the continuous growth and ageing of the existing housing stock show the importance of housing renovation to improve the quality of the environment. This research compares the environmental performance of flat roof systems (insulation, roofing membrane and covering layer) using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The aim is to give indications on how to improve the environmental performance of housing. This research uses a reference building located in the Netherlands and considers environmental impacts related to materials, energy consumption for heating and maintenance activities. It indicates impact scores for each material taking into account interconnections between the layers and between the different parts of the life cycle. It compares the environmental and economic performances of PV panels and of different materials and thermal resistance values for the insulation. These comparisons show that PV panels are convenient from an environmental and economic point of view. The same is true for the insulation layer, especially for materials as PIR (polyisocyanurate) and EPS (expanded polystyrene). It shows that energy consumption for heating causes a larger share of impact scores than production of the materials and maintenance activities. The insulation also causes larger impact scores comparing to roofing membrane and covering layer. The results show which materials are preferable for flat roof renovation and what causes the largest shares of impact. This gives indication to the roofers and to other stakeholders about how to reduce the environmental impact of the existing housing stock.
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Elseragy, Ahmed A. B. "Architectural and solar potential of curved and flat roofs in hot arid regions (with reference to Egypt)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12383/.

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This thesis investigates the effect of, various vaulted and domed roof geometries on their solar behaviour under given summer and winter conditions. Roof is the building-envelope element that is most exposed to the sun as it receives a high amount of solar radiation, which is the main cause of summer overheating in hot-arid climates. In addition, to other climatic and physical factors, indoor thermal comfort in hot-arid climates is also influenced by the intensity of solar radiation received by roof surfaces. Therefore, roof form and geometry should be designed with careful consideration to insolation parameters. Domed, vaulted, and curved roofs have been used for a long time in hot-arid regions for historical, cultural, climatic, and structural reasons. The review of previous research work showed that different explanations have been given to the climatic effects of their forms and the environmental behaviour of their enclosed spaces. The research explores the previous attempts that discussed the relevant principles of solar radiation and solar geometry on horizontal and tilted surfaces with different orientations. The previous work that applied these principles and theories to evaluate the solar behaviour of architectural elements with arbitrary forms was also investigated. In order to evaluate the solar performance of flat and curved roofs geometrical configurations, a parametric study testing the received solar radiation intensity (W/m2) on flat, vaulted, and domed roofs with different span-to-height ratios and orientations was carried out using a published solar computer model. The results of this model were followed by validation tests using other two commercially available computer tools to carry out a brief solar and thermal analysis of selected curved-roof geometries. The evaluated curved-roofs solar performance and main findings of the present research have been compared with recently published independent research. It is believed that this research establishes a sound theoretical basis for the validity of various claims of the climatic advantages of different curved-roof forms in hot-arid regions. As part of this research outcome, solar and architectural design-guidelines for curved-roofs are introduced. The research concludes with a discussion of the architectural and solar potential of curved-roof forms, which is believed to be novel contribution to the knowledge and the understanding of curved-roofs solar behaviour and architectural applications in hot-arid climates.
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Novotná, Petra. "Bytový dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226232.

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This diploma thesis solver the newly apartment building in Kuřim. It is a building with tree floors and basemet. The claccing of Porotherm 300mm and is insulated by contact insulation. The roofs are flat. The windows are plastic. In the basement asre garages, cellars, technical room and bicycle room. The other floors are flats.
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Habarta, Michal. "Víceúčelová sportovní hala." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227761.

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Multifunctional sports hall designed as the local city sporting center. It’s including sport hall, pool hall,squash hall, and the parts including changing rooms, showers, toilets and technical equipment. The roofs are flat, the object has no cellar.
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Žamberská, Šárka. "Projekt logistické koncepce se zaměřením na distribuci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234783.

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This diploma thesis deals with logistics concepts in the company ROMEX Inc. Theoretic part contains basic concepts of the issue. The current state and process orders are in the analytical part. The final part is devoted to suggestions for improvement and conditions of their implementation so as to lead a comprehensive development of the company, better order processing, and cost and time savings
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Velín, Petr. "Rezidence "Nová Líšeň"." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227150.

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Thesis process in the form of project documentation, including all requirements according to applicable regulations. It is a new residential building on plot No. 5049/24 in the cadastral Brno - Lisen. The land is located in a developed area close to existing housing. The land is sloping towards the east. On the north side there is parking for residential units in connection with the entrance to the underground parking garage on the east side. The building's facade is more rugged and achieves approximate dimensions of 20.0 x 30.0 m Residential house is designed as a three-storey building with a basement, with a flat roof. In the basement there is a garage and utility room, the floors are residential units intended for permanent living persons. It is a building with a combined carrying system Porotherm and reinforced concrete structures insulated mineral insulation.
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Michálek, Tomáš. "Bytový dům s polyfunkcí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372100.

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This thesis addresses the six-storey newly built residential building with shops and underground garages. The apartment building has 80 residential units, four shops, a hairdresser and offices. The apartment house is designed as a combined column concrete skeleton with brick infill. In the underground garage there are 88 seats in the collator parking system. The building consists of a compact shape.
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Zárubová, Martina. "Dům zdraví v Hustopečích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265707.

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This diploma thesis medical house in Hustopece deals with a design and project documentation for construction health facilities in Hustopece. Object is used to provide a daily patient care. There are nine private medical facilities of various specializations, pharmacy and optics. Object with its proposal allows wheelchair access. This is a hasnot four-storey building. Structure consists of monolithic reinforced concrete skeleton with stiffening walls, footings based and passports. internal unsound are designed from the drywall. Building roof is flat, edging attic.
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Books on the topic "Flat roofs"

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Building Research Establishment. Housing Defects Prevention Unit., ed. Flat and pitched roofs. Watford: Building Research Establishment, 1992.

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Partners, Bickerdike Allen. Flat roof manual: A guide to the repair and replacement of built-up felt roofs. York: NHSContinuing Education Unit Pub, 1985.

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Partners, Bickerdike Allen. Flat roof manual: A guide to the repair and replacement of built-up felt roofs. York: NHS Continuing Education Unit, 1985.

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England) New Roofs and Old Seminar (1986 London. New roofs and old: One-day seminar to be held at the Connaught Rooms, Great Queen Street, London WC2B5DA, Thursday 29th May 1986. London]: RIBA Services Ltd., 1986.

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Clark, Tim. Preventing defects in flat roofs: A critical bibliography and mini-guide to sources of help and further information. York: NHS CEU, 1985.

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Energy, Ontario Ministry of. Insulate Cathedral Ceilings and Flat Roofs. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Griffin, C. W. Manual of low-slope roof systems. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.

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Property Services Agency. Directorate of Building and Quantity Surveying Services. and Property Services Agency, eds. PSA technical guide to flat roofing. Croydon: Department of the Environment Property Services Agency, 1987.

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Gray, Richard. Bucks meander - flat roofs, Quakers and `cocktail moderne`. [U.K.]: Twentieth Century Society, 2000.

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Industry, International Training Institute for the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning. Low slope roofing: Hazards in commercial roofing : student reference manual. Fairfax, Virginia?]: International Training Institute for the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Industry, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flat roofs"

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Chudley, Roy, Roger Greeno, and Karl Kovac. "Flat Roofs." In Chudley and Greeno’s Building Construction Handbook, 443–64. 12th edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429027130-13.

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Kovac, Karl, Roger Greeno, and Roy Chudley. "Flat roofs." In Chudley and Greeno's Building Construction Handbook, 413–32. 13th ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003392996-13.

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Seeley, Ivor H., and Roger Winfield. "Pitched and Flat Roofs." In Building Quantities Explained, 144–91. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14653-6_8.

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Cornadó, Còssima, Ainhoa Varela, Sara Vima-Grau, Marta Domenech, and Pere-Joan Ravetllat. "Flat Roofs Characterization in Barcelona's Historic Center." In RILEM Bookseries, 1031–41. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39450-8_84.

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Lassig, J., U. Jara, J. J. Valle Sosa, and C. Palese. "Urban Environment: Characterization of the Wind in Flat Roofs." In The Age of Wind Energy, 205–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26446-8_12.

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Pratap, Ajay, and Neelam Rani. "CFD Simulation for Wind Loads on Multi–span Flat Canopy Roofs." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 931–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80312-4_79.

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Mechel, Fridolin. "Flat Rooms." In Room Acoustical Fields, 157–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22356-3_9.

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Zayat, K. A. "Flat Roof." In Structural Wood Detailing in CAD Format, 32–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2104-0_5.

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Cano, Melanie, Carlos Davila, Ana G. Haro, Emilia Motoasca, and Diego Arcos-Aviles. "Seismic Design Considerations for the Installation of Photovoltaic Systems on Flat Reinforced Concrete Roofs: A Case Study in Ecuador." In Emerging Research in Intelligent Systems, 19–34. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52255-0_2.

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Dannoura, Masako, Yuji Kominami, Naoki Makita, and Hiroyuki Oguma. "Flat Optical Scanner Method and Root Dynamics." In Measuring Roots, 127–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22067-8_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flat roofs"

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Bludau, Christian. "Shading of flat roofs." In 2nd International Conference on Moisture in Buildings 2023. ScienceOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14293/icmb230037.

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Poitras, Ge´rard J., Laurent-E. Brizzi, and Yves Gagnon. "Flow Over Model Buildings With Sloped Roofs." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45518.

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The flow field around model buildings with different sloped roofs was investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The flow around model buildings having flat roofs was studied by many authors. Although buildings with sloped roofs are the most common type of low rise buildings, the flow around these buildings are not well known. Most of the studies for these types of buildings were made for the determination of surface pressures. The aim of this study is to highlight the fundamental differences between flat roofs and sloped roofs for three-dimensional obstacle flows. The experiments were performed in a wind tunnel having a cross section of 300 mm × 400 mm. All the models were 30 mm high (vertical wall) and were placed in a thin turbulent boundary layer. Three Reynolds numbers, based on the height of the obstacle, were used (12000, 22 000, 32 000). Furthermore, the quantitative data is analyzed and statistical results describing the mean and fluctuating velocity fields are presented. Finally, the surface pressures on the median plane were studied in order to correlate these pressures with the flow topology of different sloped roofs. It was found that upstream of the obstacle, the flow topology for the model having sloped roofs was similar to that of a flat roof apart from an increase in size of the well-known horseshoe vortex. However, the flow topology is not the same over different roofs, on the sides of the models and immediately downstream of the models. For the Reynolds number studied, there are no coherent flow structures over the upstream sloped roofs while an arch vortex is created on the sides of the models. This arch vortex is similar to the arch vortex that is created over a flat roof. An arch vortex is also present downstream of the models. The lower part of this vortex is similar to the one created for a flat roof. However, the upper part of the arch vortex starts from the tip of the roof and continues downstream and has an ellipse shape. This vortex also increases in size with the slope of the roof.
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Takaya, Shigeru, and Tatsuya Fujisaki. "Proposal of a Simple Evaluation Method for Sloshing Impact Pressure on Flat Roofs." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82562.

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Sloshing is one of important issues for both loop-type and tank-type fast reactors with free liquid surface. Periods of seismic vibration are lengthened by base isolation systems installed to prevent damages to facilities during earthquakes, and get close to the natural periods of sloshing. As a result, sloshing is promoted. Sloshing waves are assumed to even reach a roof slab of a reactor vessel in severe seismic conditions. It is important to evaluate structural integrity for sloshing impacts on roofs. However, there are not any established evaluation methods for impact pressure on flat roofs yet. Therefore, in this study, a simple evaluation method is proposed based on Wagner’s theory. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated using computational fluid dynamics analysis and literature data of sloshing experiments.
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Behera, S., A. K. Mittal, A. Gupta, S. K. Bhattacharyya, and D. Ghosh. "Wind Forces on Inclined Solar Panels on Flat Roofs." In Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-8012-8_327.

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Kraus, Michal, and Ingrid Juhasova Senitkova. "ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CURRENT SYSTEMS OF FLAT ROOFS." In 20th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/6.1/s27.071.

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Snijder, H. H. (Bert), and S. N. M. (Simon) Wijte. "Rainwater Ponding on Roof Structures with Interaction between Main Girders and Purlins." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0150.

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<p>Rainwater causes flat roofs to deflect resulting in ponding. Due to the deflection, extra rainwater flows to the lower area of the roof, resulting in a larger loading with a larger deflection, resulting in more rainwater flowing towards this area, etc. Failure of flat roof structures due to ponding under heavy rainfall frequently happens in The Netherlands with an average of 15 incidents each year in the last decades. An increase in rain intensity due to climate change is expected to increase these numbers in the near future. Nevertheless, ponding on light roof structures is still underestimated as a significant load case in design. Moreover, the design calculations necessary are complex due to geometrical non-linear behavior. A number of software programs are available, but to keep insight in the process of rainwater ponding, a simple analytical design method for ponding of flat (steel) roof structures was developed including the interaction between main girders and purlins. The paper presents this method which avoids an iterative calculation procedure. Subsequently, this method is used to analyze a roof structure concluding that the interaction between main girders and purlins cannot be neglected.</p>
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Yu, Guoqing, Gangfeng Gao, and Xiaohui Gong. "Experimental Research on Heat Flux for Integration of Flat Solar Collectors and Roofs." In 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2010.5448992.

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Yan, Keqin, and Tao Cheng. "Close Shot Photogrammetry for Measuring Wind-Drifted Snow Distribution on Stepped Flat Roofs." In 2008 ISECS International Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control, and Management. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cccm.2008.273.

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Molin, Bernard, Fabien Remy, Alain Ledoux, and Nicolas Ruiz. "Effect of Roof Impacts on Coupling Between Wave Response and Sloshing in Tanks of LNG-Carriers." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57039.

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An experimental campaign is reported on the wave response of a rectangular barge supporting two rectangular tanks partly filled with water. Flat and chamfered tank roofs are successively tested, at varying heights above the free surfaces inside the tanks. The tests are carried out in irregular wave systems coming from abeam. The measured barge roll and sloshing motions in the tanks are compared with numerical results from a linearized potential flow model. Good agreement is reported in mild seastates. Nonlinear effects, associated with large amplitude sloshing motion and/or roof impacts, are investigated.
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Gil Samaniego Ramos, Margarita, and He´ctor Enrique Campbell Rami´rez. "Experimental Model to Characterize the Evaporative Cooling of Horizontal Roofs." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56470.

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Heat and mass transfer models were developed experimentally to characterize the evaporative cooling of horizontal roofs, heated by thermal radiation. Surface temperatures of flat plates were evaluated at dry conditions and when humidified with water atomizers. For both conditions, heat transfer rates were calculated, and for the wet case also the mass transfer rates were predicted. Experimental data for models validation were measured at environmental and controlled conditions. Accuracies achieved were 2% for surface temperature and 13% for water evaporation rate.
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Reports on the topic "Flat roofs"

1

Loomis, H., and B. Pettit. Measure Guideline: Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit for Zero Energy Ready House Flat Roofs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1220467.

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Loomis, H., and B. Pettit. Measure Guideline. Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit for Zero Energy Ready House Flat Roofs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1215143.

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Peek, Richard T. Innovative Ballasted Flat Roof Solar PV Racking System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1167673.

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Dinovitzer, Aaron. PR-214-114504-R01 Development of Sleeve End Fillet Weld Fitness for Service Assessment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010989.

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Full encirclement repair sleeves with fillet-welded ends are often used as permanent repairs on pipelines to reinforce and develop pressure retaining repairs on areas with defects, such as cracks, dents, or corrosion. In-service failures have occurred at pressure retaining sleeves as a result of defects associated with the sleeve welds, such as hydrogen-induced cracks, undercut at the fillet welds and inadequate weld size. Currently, there are no reliable methods to carry out a quantitative fitness for service assessment for a sleeve fillet weld with a weld fault because: - The stresses at the sleeve end fillet weld roots and toes are not easily determined; - Stress intensity factor solutions are not available for the sleeve fillet weld geometry; and - Ccurrent inspection procedures cannot effectively define the size of weld defects. Following completion of a sleeve fillet weld it is currently common practice to carry out a visual inspection and magnetic particle inspection (MPI) to determine whether weld toe defects exist. With continuing advances in nondestructive examination (NDE) technologies, the ability to not only inspect for toe and root flaws but also to size these cracks is becoming a reality. The current project has developed a flaw acceptance criteria which will fill gaps in the available engineering critical assessment procedures for sleeve repairs on all grades of pipelines.
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Roofer dies after falling from a flat roof. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface90ma003.

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Sole proprietor falls eight feet from flat roof while installing siding. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface17mi075.

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Demolition foreman dies after 35-foot fall through hole in flat roof. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface94ky051.

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Melbourne - Premises, 367 Collins St. - Construction - Crane on flat roof for raising masonry - 15 May 1923. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000336.

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Premises - Branches - Perth - Site - Wide angle view from flat roof of Anzac House adjoining proposed site on the eastern boundary - c.1961. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-009850.

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