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Journal articles on the topic 'Flat roofs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Eksi-Akbulut, Dilek, and Enise Yasemin Gokyigit-Arpaci. "TYPES OF FLAT EARTHEN ROOFS USED IN VERNACULAR ANATOLIAN ARCHITECTURE AND THEIR PRESERVATION PROBLEMS." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (2022): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.1.89.

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ABSTRACT Earthen materials and rammed earth architecture concepts are becoming more and more popular among architects due to their applicability in various climates and low-cost construction technique. However, the use of flat earthen roofs in today’s architecture is rare, although there is historical evidence for the vernacular use of earthen materials in roof assemblies. The first examples for vernacular earthen flat roofs are found in Anatolia, Catalhoyuk. Flat earthen roofs used in vernacular, Anatolian buildings should be studied because a lack of maintenance has resulted in these vernacu

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Eksi-Akbulut, Dilek, and Enise Yasemin Gokyigit-Arpaci. "TYPES OF FLAT EARTHEN ROOFS USED IN VERNACULAR ANATOLIAN ARCHITECTURE AND THEIR PRESERVATION PROBLEMS." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (2022): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.89.

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ABSTRACT Earthen materials and rammed earth architecture concepts are becoming more and more popular among architects due to their applicability in various climates and low-cost construction technique. However, the use of flat earthen roofs in today’s architecture is rare, although there is historical evidence for the vernacular use of earthen materials in roof assemblies. The first examples for vernacular earthen flat roofs are found in Anatolia, Catalhoyuk. Flat earthen roofs used in vernacular, Anatolian buildings should be studied because a lack of maintenance has resulted in these vernacu

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3

Pushkar, Svetlana, and Oleg Verbitsky. "LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF WHITE FLAT AND RED OR WHITE PITCHED ROOFS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN ISRAEL." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 2 (2017): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.2.95.

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Historically, white flat roofs have been used in Israel due to the intense solar radiation and long, hot, rainless summers. However, red pitched roofs have also been frequently used for aesthetic reasons. It has been recently observed that red pitched roofs have been recolored white by homeowners. The goal of this study was to compare the life cycle assessments (LCAs) of white flat roofs versus red or white pitched roofs through their production (P), operational energy (OE), and maintenance to disposal (MtoD) stages. EnergyPlus software was used to evaluate the OE stage. The ReCiPe method was

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4

Björk, Folke. "Single-ply roof coverings on flat roofs." Construction and Building Materials 7, no. 4 (1993): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(93)90010-a.

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5

Fazio, Paul, and Krishnan Gowri. "Expert system ‐ flat roofs." Batiment International, Building Research and Practice 17, no. 5 (1989): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01823328908726990.

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6

Hunter Cairns, A. "High performance flat roofs." Structural Survey 14, no. 3 (1996): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809610129021.

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7

Van Renterghem, Timothy. "Improving the noise reduction by green roofs due to solar panels and substrate shaping." Building Acoustics 25, no. 3 (2018): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x18776804.

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The urban fabric largely consists of acoustically rigid materials. This not only affects sound pressure levels in streets, but also how sound propagates towards the back side of a building or to connected urban canyons. A green roof is a practical solution to have roof absorption, mitigating diffracting sound waves. Flat green roofs were shown to provide roughly 3 dBA urban road traffic noise reduction relative to a common flat rigid roof. Although already relevant, it has been numerically studied in this work how the green roof insertion loss of flat roofs can be further increased. Solar pane

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Rogulj, Katarina, Nikša Jajac, and Katja Batinić. "Flat Roofs Renovation Planning on Public Buildings Using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Analysis." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 6280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15076280.

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Renovation of flat roofs typically involves repairing or replacing the existing roof to improve its performance and extend its lifespan. The renovation process may include a range of tasks depending on the condition of the roof, such as repairing leaks, replacing damaged or deteriorated materials, adding insulation, or upgrading drainage systems. This research aim was to establish the priority of renovation of flat roofs of the public building based on the principles of multi-criteria analysis and fuzzy set theory, using the multi-criteria method PROMETHEE II in fuzzy logic form (F-PROMETHEE I

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9

Campiotti, Carlo Alberto, Carlo Scibetta, Noemi Caltabellotta, Luciano Consorti, and Antanas Joustas. "Green roofs for the energy and environmental sustainability of buildings." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 2 (January 2020): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2019-002-s1003.

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Green roofs are considered structural components that act as an insulating layer for buildings. Among the factors that influence the choice of this type of horizontal green there are: the geographical location, the climate, and the need to improve the thermal insulation of the flat roof. Some types of layouts are proposed for the sustainable construction of green roofs. In addiction the structural and vegetation components suitable for the realization of green roofs are also described. The energy performance of an experimental green roof prototype located at the ENEA Casaccia Research Center s

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Krauß, T. "DERIVATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES FROM NOISY DIGITAL SURFACE MODELS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W2-2023 (December 13, 2023): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w2-2023-15-2023.

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Abstract. In this work we present a novel approach for segementation of a noisy DSM to building structures and other non-building structures – normally trees – and the modeling of them. Mostly Digital Surface Models (DSMs) from only a few aerial images or only from one pair of satellite images tend to be very noisy and lack good quality especially in shadow areas. Since actual methods for deriving roofs rely on a valid height information by joining areas of same slope to a roof-plane these fail regularly with such noisy DSMs. In our presented approach we use a slope map of the DSM only to dete

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11

Liu, Hua Feng. "Status and Transformation Measures of the Roof of Existing Residential Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.436.

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Flat roof wildly exists in early built residential buildings in most of China cities. Flat roofs have many shortcomings such as sample function, large energy consumption and lacking features. Through researching of existing housing roofing, analysis the measures and advantages of transformation of flat roof to pitched, expounding the technology prospects of transformation of flat roof to pitched.

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12

You, Ki Pyo, Young Moon Kim, Jang Youl You, and Sun Young Paek. "A Study on the Snowdrift Patterns of Gable and Flat Roofs Using a Wind Tunnel." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.747.

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Snowdrift patterns exhibit various forms according to the architectural shapes and models. As snowdrift patterns largely influence the snow loads that buildings have to withstand, a number of studies have been conducted. This study examines snowdrift patterns and how the amount of snow comes to rest depends on the shape of a roof (for flat and gable roofs) using a wind tunnel test. An analysis of snowdrift patterns and accumulation coefficients, which are representative of the depth of snow cover, for flat and gable roofs showed that accumulation coefficient decreases in accordance with increa

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13

Stathopoulos, T., and H. D. Luchian. "Wind pressures on buildings with stepped roofs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 4 (1990): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-065.

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The paper describes an experimental study for the evaluation of wind pressures on buildings with roofs of two different heights, such as one building with roofs at two levels or, more commonly, two flat-roofed buildings in a row. The study is experimental and consists of an extensive series of tests in a boundary layer wind tunnel simulating the flow over an open country terrain exposure. The basic model of the study has been designed and constructed in sections so that it can represent flat roofs in steps of different relative heights and widths. The maximum height of the model is variable an

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14

Lipecki, Tomasz. "Wind action on flat roofs." Budownictwo i Architektura 13, no. 2 (2014): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1901.

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The paper deals with the wind action on flat roofs of rectangular shapes which can be considered for medium-rise and high-rise buildings. Distributions of mean pressure coefficient Cp on flat roofs were measured. All analyses were based on model measurements which had been performed in the boundary layer wind tunnel in Wind Engineering Laboratory of Cracow University of Technology. Vertical, fixed in the floor of the wind tunnel on the turn table rectangular prisms of the ratio of cross-section dimensions 1:2 and 1:4 were investigated. Measurements were carried out for the angle of wind attack

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15

Urbano, Carlo A. "Ponding Effect on Flat Roofs." Structural Engineering International 10, no. 1 (2000): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686600780620946.

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16

Bogárová, Markéta, Jindřich Stodůlka, and Karel Šuhajda. "Polyurethane adhesives in flat roofs." MATEC Web of Conferences 93 (December 22, 2016): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201779302001.

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Bogárová, Markéta, Jindřich Stodůlka, and Karel Šuhajda. "Polyurethane adhesives in flat roofs." MATEC Web of Conferences 93 (December 22, 2016): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20179302001.

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18

Höglund, Ingemar, Rikard Espling, and Gunnar Hilding. "Flat roofs ‐ single‐ply membranes." Batiment International, Building Research and Practice 17, no. 5 (1989): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01823328908726993.

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19

Korsgaard, Vagn, Georg Christensen, Knud Prebensen, and Tommy Bunch-Nielsen. "Ventilation of Timber Flat Roofs." Batiment International, Building Research and Practice 13, no. 4 (1985): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218508551212.

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20

Liu, Jun, Fang Zhi Lin, Zi Yan Huang, and Bin He. "Study on the Structure Design and Material Evaluation of Rural Residential Roof in Northeast China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (February 2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.7.

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Base on current status of rural residential roofs in northeast China, in order to improve and ensure the qualities, safety and functions of flat roofs in this region, this paper first put forward the “rural secure flat roof”, then according to the weather characteristic and the needs of residents, proceeded the construction design of rural secure flat roof. Finally established the comprehensive evaluation system and used VRS model to evaluate several common roofing insulation materials. Results show that hydrophobic expanded perlite, rock wool and glass wool can be the ideal roofing insulation

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21

Rocha, Patrícia Fernandes, Nuno Oliveira Ferreira, Dóris Queiroz, and Nelson Bento Pereira. "Modular and Prefabricated System for Waterproofing and Insulation of Flat Roofs." Buildings 13, no. 6 (2023): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061438.

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Recently, there has been an attempt to implement increasingly significant prefabrication in building construction, since this method is considered to represent an opportunity to reduce impacts in the construction sector. For pitched roofs, there have been relevant developments, such as sandwich panels, asphalt shingles, lightweight roof panels, among others. However, in relation to flat roofs, the advances have been of little relevance and are mainly limited to the improvement of technical characteristics and prefabrication of the construction materials used. The main goal of this article is t

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22

Norsyahrizah Hashim, Md Azree Othuman Mydin, and Roshartini Omar. "Appraisal of Flat Roof Defects in Commercial Buildings and the Remediation Techniques." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 119, no. 1 (2024): 204–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/aram.119.1.204219.

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Recently, there has been a trend in Malaysia where many buildings have been built with a concrete flat roof instead of the usual pitch roof. Some buildings have a combination of sloped roofs and flat roofs, where the flat roof surface is used to house facility equipment. Roof constructions in equatorial climates often suffer from surface-related problems, damage to the waterproofing membrane, and fractures in the roof parapet wall. These issues are caused by the hot and humid conditions that persist throughout the year. As a result, periodic maintenance is necessary to address these typical fa

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23

Abuseif, Majed, and Zhonghua Gou. "A Review of Roofing Methods: Construction Features, Heat Reduction, Payback Period and Climatic Responsiveness." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113196.

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The roofs of buildings play an essential role in energy efficiency because a significant amount of solar radiation is absorbed by roofs in hot weather and a significant amount of heat is lost through roofs in cold weather. This paper is a systematic literature review about roofing methods for flat roofs. Ten roofing methods are reviewed in this paper. They are concrete roof, cool roof, insulated roof, roof garden, photovoltaic panels’ roof, biosolar roof, double-skin roof, roof ponds, skylight roof, and wind catcher. The review covers each roof’s main features, heat flux reductions, payback pe

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24

Espinosa-Fernández, Almudena, Víctor Echarri-Iribarren, and Claudio A. Sáez. "Water-Covered Roof Versus Inverted Flat Roof on the Mediterranean Coast: A Comparative Study of Thermal and Energy Behavior." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 2288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072288.

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Reservoir, or water-collecting roofs present greater thermal inertia than inverted flat roofs due to the mass of water they contain. This feature gives them better thermal performance and leads to greater stability in the indoor air temperature Ti and the wall surface temperatures. In the summer, they can dampen the effect of solar radiation and regulate external thermal loads thanks to their greater effusivity and thermal capacity. This research compares the thermal behavior of the roofs of two buildings located in Alicante on the Spanish Mediterranean coast: a loft flat in the city center an

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25

Melekhin, E. A. "Modular trihedral trusses of flat roofs." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 23, no. 2 (2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2021-23-2-65-78.

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The paper considers modular trihedral trusses of flat roofs for buildings with transverse division into pre-fabricated elements. The use of modular system is oriented to the mass production. The modular system delivery is carried out by various cargo vehicles. The main geometry calculations are given for the transportation modules and vehicles equipped with a crane.Variable design models of the trihedral truss modules are presented herein as well as the results of their static analysis. The different spatial positions and element's own weight values.Based on the results of the deformability as

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26

Milton, B. "REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF FLAT ROOFS." Property Management 6, no. 1 (1988): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006682.

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27

Tryggeson, Henrik, and Mats D. Lyberg. "Stationary vortices attached to flat roofs." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 98, no. 1 (2010): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2009.09.001.

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28

Bayod-Rújula, Angel A., Abel Ortego-Bielsa, and Amaya Martínez-Gracia. "Photovoltaics on flat roofs: Energy considerations." Energy 36, no. 4 (2011): 1996–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.04.024.

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29

Taylor, Donald A. "Snow on two-level flat roofs — measured vs. 1990 NBC loads." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (1992): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-006.

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Between 1967 and 1982, depths and specific gravities of snow were recorded on 44 single- and multi-level flat-roofed buildings between Halifax and Edmonton. The average density of snow in the drifts where the roofs change elevation was about 3.0 kN/m3, the value used consequently in the 1990 National Building Code of Canada (NBC). This is some 25% higher than the value used in the 1985 NBC. Data on drift geometry and maximum loads in the drifts are presented and compared with provisions in the 1990 NBC. As well, the paper presents measured values of average and maximum roof-to-ground load rati

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Marchwiński, Janusz. "Architectural analysis of photovoltaic (PV) module applications on non-flat roofs." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura 22 (July 24, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspa.2023.22.1.

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Due to the growing importance of renewable energy sources (RES) technology, a noticeable increase in interest in photovoltaics can be observed. Roofs most often provide the places where photovoltaic (PV) modules are installed. In many cases, ill-considered decisions concerning the selection of PV modules and their installation lead to unfavourable architectural effects. The article aims to examine the possibility of integrating PV modules installed on non-flat roofs with the broadly understood building architecture. An observational method based on case studies was applied to the study. Not on

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Zhang, Zhibo, Wenyong Ma, Qiang Li, and Sai Li. "Snow Load Shape Coefficients and Snow Prevention Method for Stepped Flat Roofs." Applied Sciences 13, no. 22 (2023): 12109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212109.

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Excessive snow load and nonuniform snow deposition are the main factors leading to building collapses. The snow load shape coefficient represents the dimensionless snow load, and its value is related to the unbalanced distribution of snow. The snow load shape coefficients for stepped flat roofs vary greatly in the codes of different regions, which always leads to underestimation of snow loads. We need a widely used standard for snow load shape coefficients. Therefore, through a combination of field measurements and numerical simulations, this study probes the snow accumulation processes and sn

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32

Maghsoudi Nia, Elham, Nordin Abd Rahman, and Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunus. "Roofs Functions in Vernacular Residential Buildings: Case Study in Kashan, Iran." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 8, no. 3 (2014): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v8i3.289.

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The vernacular roofs in Iran served more than protective functions and were in response to the people’s behaviors. The case study has explored the different functions of the vernacular roofs regarding the people’s behaviors. It has focused on Kashan, as an ancient and historical city with hot and dry climate. The semi-structured interview has been conducted among the local master builders and experts, which respondents have answered to the open-ended questions. As the results show climate, religion, culture and economy affected people’s behaviors on the roofs and caused creating spatial, socio

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33

Xiao, Qiubo, Yu Liu, Seigen Cho, Yong He, and Maoqing Cao. "Thermal Insulation Performance of Roof Forms in Rural Residential Houses in Western China." E3S Web of Conferences 490 (2024): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449001007.

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The thermal insulation performance of the roofs in rural residential buildings in western China was discussed in this paper. A type of residential building that had been extensively constructed in the southern Shaanxi region was selected as the basic model to compare and analyse the thermal insulation performance of different roof forms under natural and heating conditions. The flat roof, sloping roof and sloping roof combined with a flat roof (SF roof) were used by residents. The results showed that the SF roof had better energy-saving performance compared to the other two types of roofs. Fur

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Sadeghfar, Milad, and Sadra Sahebzadeh. "Impact of roof geometry on cross-ventilation in vaulted buildings: a CFD study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (2021): 012106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012106.

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Abstract The roof geometry is an important parameter in determining the natural cross-ventilation in buildings. Although many studies have been performed on natural ventilation, the impact of the large set of vaulted roofs on the building cross-ventilation remains to be addressed. In this paper, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, validated with experimental data, are performed on five naturally ventilated buildings with two opposing windows, each with a specific type of vaulted roof and otherwise identical, in 0° incident flow angle, to assess the impact of vaulted r

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35

Dolzhenko, A., A. Naumov, and Valeria Strokova. "Intellectualization of construction and technical expertise of flat roofs as a tool for its life cycle managing." Construction and Architecture 11, no. 2 (2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2023-11-2-5-5.

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The program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation", approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, is being actively implemented in the building construction industry, mainly at the stages of engineering surveys and architectural and construction design. Building information modeling (BIM) technologies are used by most foreign and domestic CAD system vendors. At the other stages of the building's life cycle, digitalization has not been widely distributed, despite the fact that the operation stage is the longest and the trouble-free existence of building structures at this stage is

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36

Contarini, Antonio, and Arjen Meijer. "LCA comparison of roofing materials for flat roofs." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 4, no. 1 (2015): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-05-2014-0031.

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Purpose – The environmental performance of several flat roof systems with different materials and insulation thicknesses is compared using life cycle assessment (LCA), with the aim to determine the roofing materials with the highest environmental performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The calculations were carried out for an existing apartment block with a 300 m² flat roof. Five insulation materials with three different heat resistances each, five types of waterproof layers, three covering layers, and a green roof are assessed using LCA. Foreground d

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KALIBATAS, Darius, and Vytautas KOVAITIS. "Selecting the most effective alternative of waterproofing membranes for multifunctional inverted flat roofs." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 5 (2017): 650–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2016.1250808.

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There are many various methods, techniques and materials for constructing multifunctional inverted flat roofs now. However, in practice, the constructed roofs of this type often have various defects, whose elimination is rather costly. To solve this problem, the analysis of multifunctional inverted flat roofs has been performed and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as building defects and mistakes made in the course of construction, have been demonstrated. Damp-proofing materials available on the market for making waterproofing membranes for multifunctional inverted flat roofs have b

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Basuki, Kristina, I. Gusti Ngurah Antaryama, and FX Teddy Badai Samodra. "Simulation Modelling of Roof Design of Indonesian Airport Terminal For Optimal Utilization of Cooling Energy." International Journal of Engineering Research and Advanced Technology 08, no. 07 (2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31695/ijerat.2022.8.7.3.

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The airport terminal is one of buildings with complex energy needs. Most of the airport terminals in Indonesia are designed with regional architectural features, such as pitched or joglo roofs and exterior wall materials made of brick with paint finish. The new airport is designed with modern architectural characteristics with flat and curved roofs and outer walls made of Aluminum Composite Panel (ACP). The difference of shape, material, and the size of fenestration affects the thermal performance of the building and affects the cooling energy used. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the

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39

Irwin, P. A., S. L. Gamble, and D. A. Taylor. "Effects of roof size, heat transfer, and climate on snow loads: studies for the 1995 NBC." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 4 (1995): 770–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-087.

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As roof sizes increase, the ability of the wind to reduce the uniform snow loads is diminished, thus resulting in higher uniform loads. Results of recent research into this size effect and the influence of heat loss through roofs in four Canadian cities (St. John's, Montreal, Saskatoon, and Edmonton) using the finite area element method are described and snow load formulae for uniform loads on large roofs are proposed. Also, the drift loading on lower roofs adjacent to large area upper roofs has been studied using similar techniques, and revised formulae for the peak loading in the drift at th

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40

Schjøth Bunkholt, Nora, Lars Gullbrekken, Stig Geving, and Tore Kvande. "Compact wooden roofs with smart vapour barrier – Pilot project experiences." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 07010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017207010.

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Compact roofs are normally built without organic materials between the vapour barrier and the roof membrane due to moisture safety risks. However, laboratory measurements indicate that organic materials could be used provided that a smart vapour barrier (SVB) is applied at the warm face of the roof construction. The aim of this study is to investigate the moisture and temperature conditions in three full-scale flat compact wooden roofs with SVB. The roofs are part of two pilot projects located in Longyearbyen, Svalbard and Malvik, Norway. The paper presents the two projects including the premi

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41

Andenæs, E., A. Engebø, T. Kvande, R. A. Bohne, and J. Lohne. "Flat Roofs Defects – Norwegian Building Sector Perspectives." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 290 (June 21, 2019): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/290/1/012069.

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42

Stathopoulos, Theodore, and Appupillai Baskaran. "Wind Pressures on Flat Roofs with Parapets." Journal of Structural Engineering 113, no. 11 (1987): 2166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1987)113:11(2166).

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43

Kareem, Ahsan, and P. C. Lu. "Pressure fluctuations on flat roofs with parapets." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 43, no. 1-3 (1992): 1775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90590-7.

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Kareem, A., and P. C. Lu. "Pressure fluctuations on flat roofs with parapets." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 43, no. 1-3 (1992): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90596-3.

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Stathopoulos, Ted, Patrick Saathoff, and R. Bedair. "Wind Pressures on Parapets of Flat Roofs." Journal of Architectural Engineering 8, no. 2 (2002): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(2002)8:2(49).

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Smolka, Radim, and Jindřich Sobotka. "Application of recycled plastic in flat roofs." MATEC Web of Conferences 146 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814602009.

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The article describes and verifies the possibility of applying secondary plastic materials to construction details such as flat roofs. The created element is a placement considered both in the area and in the finishing detail. The secure connection of the embedded element with the waterproofing layer is an integral part of the detail functionality. This is verified by a peeling resistance test at joints. Peel resistance is the tensile force required to completely separate the prepared joints. During testing, the test piece is pulled at constant speed until complete separation.

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Šubrt, Roman, and Pavlína Charvátová. "Minimization of a point thermal bridge by a roof restraint system holder." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (2021): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022001.

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Abstract Roof restraint systems are designed for flat roofs for safe maintenance and repairs. By anchoring them, considerable point thermal bridges are created, which can also lead to condensation in the roof cladding. We deal in this work with the design of minimization of these point thermal bridges.

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Morgado, João, Inês Flores-Colen, Jorge de Brito, and Ana Silva. "Maintenance programmes for flat roofs in existing buildings." Property Management 35, no. 3 (2017): 339–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-08-2016-0040.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a maintenance programme for flat roofs in existing buildings, based on the inspection of 26 buildings in-service conditions, located in the Lisbon region, in Portugal. A proactive maintenance of flat roofs in existing buildings allows reducing their pathology, thus improving their performance and service life. Design/methodology/approach The maintenance plan was established based on the degradation state of the maintenance source elements (MSEs) analysed, the aggressiveness of the surrounding environment and the age of the roofs and maintenance a

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Tang, Runsheng, I. A. Meir, and Y. Etzion. "Thermal behavior of buildings with curved roofs as compared with flat roofs." Solar Energy 74, no. 4 (2003): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(03)00193-2.

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Perovic, Zoran, Stanko Coric, Snezana Isakovic, and Dragoslav Sumarac. "Potential and Benefit of Green Roof Energy Renovation of Existing Residential Buildings with a Flat Roof in Belgrade." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (2023): 7348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137348.

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Green roofs are considered to be one of the optimal tools for saving energy and protecting the environment in developed countries. In this paper, an analysis of the possible application of green roofs on existing residential buildings with flat roofs is presented. In the economic analysis, models of existing buildings in Belgrade, with two different types of green roofs, are studied. A key indicator of investment profitability in this investigation is the net present value (NPV) of the green roof project. Besides the private economic impact, other aspects of green roof applications, significan

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