Academic literature on the topic 'Flatrate'

Inzwischen liefert die Industrie ein breit gefächertes Angebot an Telemedizinsystemen. Sie ermöglichen es Ärzten unterschiedlichster Fachdisziplinen, ihre Patienten via Monitor zu behandeln. Selbst der traditionelle Arztbesuch kann durch eine Ferndiagnose ersetzt werden.

Betreibermodelle sind mehr als nur eine Finanzierungsvariante für Technik und Inventar. Sie sind Servicepakete, die auch Wartung und Verfügbarkeit zu einem fest vereinbarten Pauschalpreis beinhalten. Mit solchen Modellen können Krankenhäuser neben den Investitionsrisiken auch die Nutzerrisiken abgeben.

The current dual system of benefit provision and service delivery for disabled people has led to substantial horizontal inequities between those on the ACC register and those receiving income tested social security benefits. Whilst there are often distinct differences in the nature of the clientele between these groups, they often have similar requirements, but can receive quite different treatment. The Disability Strategy offers the prospect that a more unified system will be developed, initially in terms of service provision, especially rehabilitation and access to health care. The move to a combined benefit structure raises issues about the fundamental nature of social security, though equality of access to second and third tier benefits should minimise the degree of conflict between earnings related and flatrate benefits. From the perspective of disabled people, the major issue is access to nonincome support, ranging from access to equipment to health care, education and employment.

Spätestens seit Apple im Jahr 2019 mit Apple News+ in Nordamerika, Großbritannien und Australien an den Start gegangen ist, stellt sich auch in Deutschland die Frage: Wird es in naher Zukunft eine Plattform geben, die anbieterübergreifend journalistische Inhalte zu den Konditionen einer Flatrate bereitstellen und große Teile des Marktes abdecken wird? Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet diese Frage zunächst aus einer ökonomisch-theoretischen Perspektive. Hierfür werden zentrale Kriterien, die erstens für eine Organisation ökonomischer Aktivitäten über Plattformen und zweitens für eine Bündelung von Gütern sprechen, auf digitaljournalistische Inhalte angewendet. Im Anschluss daran werden empirische Befunde aus einer großzahligen repräsentativen Befragung der deutschen Online-Bevölkerung im Auftrag der Landesanstalt für Medien NRW (Buschow & Wellbrock 2019) zu den Konsumentenpräferenzen bzgl. einer hypothetischen digitaljournalistischen Plattform präsentiert. Das zentrale Ergebnis dieser Analysen ist, dass es sowohl aus Anbieter- als auch aus Konsumentensicht viele Argumente für solch eine anbieterübergreifende abonnementbasierte „Journalismus-Plattform“ – eine Art „Spotify für Journalismus“ – gibt. Zu guter Letzt werden die Daten aus der oben genannten Konsumentenbefragung genutzt, um eine erste grobe Schätzung des Marktpotentials einer digitaljournalistischen Plattform durchzuführen. Das Papier will also zwei Beiträge leisten: erstens liefert und diskutiert es eine Übersicht über Kriterien, die für eine Bündelung von Inhalten spricht – eine Art Playbook für das Bündeln von digitalen Inhalten. Zweitens wird das Marktpotential solch einer Plattform auf Grundlage von Befragungsdaten geschätzt.

Purpose – People can easily track and understand their usage pattern for any content (e.g. movies, games) or service (e.g. card payment, cell phone usage) by using technologies such as the internet and smart phones. When consumers evaluate their past consumption patterns, they may experience two different kinds of regret: content-based or monetary-based. The purpose of this paper is to propose that perceived self-control, defined as the extent to which people believe they can control their usage, plays a moderating role in the tariff-choice process (flatrate vs pay-per-use) for two types of content: vice-based and virtue-based. Design/methodology/approach – Two laboratory experiments were designed to test the hypotheses. There were a total of 200 participants (86 for Experiment 1 and 114 for Experiment 2) who completed the entire experimental process (i.e. stimulus exposure, questionnaire reporting, dependent variable measurement, manipulation of the independent variables, and control checks). Findings – The results of this research provide evidence supporting the role of perceived self-control in tariff preference by showing that preference varies between flat-rate and pay-per-use tariff options. Specifically, virtue-based content users were more likely to prefer the pay-per-use tariff when their perceived self-control was low vs when it was high. In contrast, vice-based content users were more likely to prefer the flat-rate tariff when their perceived self-control was low vs when it was high. Originality/value – There are three contributions of the present research. First, the authors investigated the effect of content type on tariff preference. Second, the authors suggest that there is a moderating effect of perceived self-control on tariff preference. Third, this study revealed the factors affecting consumers’ perceived self-control.

The widespread extensional deformation that took place during Jurassic to Cretaceous times in Western Europe and the North Atlantic margin resulted in the formation of several rift systems. Some of the resulting basins associated with these rifts show broad synclines detached on pre- or synkinematic Permian or Triassic salts and filled by thick sedimentary successions. They are rarely fault bounded, instead they are bounded by salt structures that are generally parallel to the major subsalt structures. As such, the formation of these extensional systems requires the presence of i) a subsalt extensional fault with significant dip changes and ii) an evaporitic unit above the extensional fault, which partially or completely decouples the suprasalt basin from the subsalt extensional fault. Moreover, the complexity of these scenarios further increases when some of these basins, during latest Cretaceous and Cenozoic times, were partially inverted or incorporated into fold-and-thrust belt.Synclinal basins have a significant exploration potential when their extensional geometry is preserved and when they have undergone positive tectonic inversion. However, in some cases, their subsalt geometry may not be fully recognizable, especially when the imaging of the subsalt seismic data is poor. The shape and kinematics of such faults have usually been established using the architecture of synkinematic units and by assuming complete coupling of the hangingwall rocks. Therefore, there are fault interpretations that do not consider the role of deep salt layers, which clearly act as an effective detachment, decoupling sub- and suprasalt deformations.This thesis provides a review of the formation and evolution extensional synclinal basins and an overview of the widespread-recognized salt-detached ramp-syncline basins. To obtain a deeper understanding of the geometry and kinematic evolution of these salt- detached ramp-syncline basins, the principal aim of this thesis is to decipher the factors that are involved in the development of these basins during both extension and inversion.To achieve this goal we carried out a deep investigation about the state of the art of extensional analog models, then we performed two experimental programs consisting in different sandbox models. The experimental results, together with the new used analytic tools, reveal that the kinematic evolution of the salt-detached ramp-syncline basins during extension and inversion depends on the interaction of different factors that may function simultaneously. Our results show that the main structure formed at the end of the extension is a salt-detached ramp-syncline. Its formation and evolution not only depends on the subsalt fault type and geometry, but also on the subsalt fault displacement, salt migration, salt thickness and degree of decoupling. In addition, the inversion of these salt-detached ramp- syncline basins is also controlled by syninversion sedimentation, erosion and the kinematics of the inherited extensional and salt structures (or its equivalent welding). The inversion of these basins resulted in a major thick-skinned fault-bend anticline with thin-skinned contractional structures.Our results are used to improve the interpretation of the Mesozoic Columbrets Basin (Western Mediterranean) and serve a guide for seismic sections of inverted Mesozoic salt- detached ramp-syncline basins on the Atlantic margins, where subsalt faults are not well- imaged, and thus the suprasalt geometries must be used to infer the subsalt structure.
L’extensió Juràssica – Cretàcica Inferior que va tenir lloc a l’Europa Occidental i al marge Nord Atlàntic va resultar en la formació de nombrosos sistemes de rift. Les conques associades a aquests rifts es mostres com a sinclinals amples, reomplerts per grans successions sedimentaries i desenganxats a un nivell salí (Pèrmic o Triàsic Superior). Aquestes conques rarament estan directament associades a falles, en canvi es troben limitades per estructures salines que generalment son paral∙leles a les estructures del basament. Per tant, la formació d’aquests sistemes extensionals requereix la presencia de i) una falla de basament extensiva amb diferents cabussaments i ii) una unitat evaporítica a sobre d’aquesta falla, la qual genera un desacoblament parcial o total respecte la conca i la falla extensiva. A més a més, la complexitat d’aquests contextos geològics augmenta quan algunes d’aquestes conques es troben parcialment invertides o fins i tot incorporades en cinturons de plecs i encavalcament durant el Cretaci Superior i Cenozoic.Les dades sísmiques i de camp permeten precisar la geometria d’aquestes conques sinclinals, però no la de les falles extensionals que las van originar. La geometria i la cinemàtica de las falles extensives associades ha aquestes conques, normalment s’ha establert utilitzant la geometria dels materials més superficials i assumint un acoblament total entre el basament i la cobertora. Aquestes interpretacions no consideren el paper que pot juga un nivell salí profund que clarament desacobla la deformació entre el basament i la cobertora.L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi es investigar els principals factors que controlen la formació i evolució de les conques sinclinals, utilitzant com a eina principal la modelització analògica. Per assolir aquest objectiu s’ha realitzat una revisió sobre conques sinclinals i una revisió de models analògics extensius realitzats fins ara. A partir d’aquests antecedents s’han realitzat dos programes experimentals. Els resultats d’aquests mostren com la formació i evolució de les conques sinclinals depenen de diversos factors que actuen simultàniament durant l’extensió i la posterior inversió.Aquesta tesi es pot utilitzar com a guia per reduir les incertes durant la interpretació de la geometria del basament associat a conques sinclinals desenvolupades en contextos salins, sobretot en els casos on les dades sísmiques disponibles no tenen bona resolució i cal utilitzar la geometria de la cobertora per reconèixer l’estructura del basament.