Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flatten curve

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Academic literature on the topic 'Flatten curve'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Flatten curve"

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Wieland, Thomas. "Flatten the Curve!" REGION 7, no. 2 (2020): 43–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v7i2.324.

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Since the emerging of the "novel coronavirus" SARS-CoV-2 and the corresponding respiratory disease COVID-19, the virus has spread all over the world. Being one of the most affected countries in Europe, in March 2020, Germany established several nonpharmaceutical interventions to contain the virus spread, including the closure of schools and child day care facilities (March 16-18, 2020) as well as a full "lockdown" with forced social distancing and closures of "nonessential" services (March 23, 2020). The present study attempts to analyze whether these governmental interventions had an impact on the declared aim of "flattening the curve", referring to the epidemic curve of new infections. This analysis is conducted from a regional perspective. On the level of the 412 German counties, logistic growth models were estimated based on daily infections (estimated from reported cases), aiming at determining the regional growth rate of infections and the point of inflection where infection rates begin to decrease and the curve flattens. All German counties exceeded the peak of new infections between the beginning of March and the middle of April. In a large majority of German counties, the epidemic curve has flattened before the "lockdown" was established. In a minority of counties, the peak was already exceeded before school closures. The growth rates of infections vary spatially depending on the time the virus emerged. Counties belonging to states which established an additional curfew show no significant improvement with respect to growth rates and mortality. Furthermore, mortality varies strongly across German counties, which can be attributed to infections of people belonging to the "risk group", especially residents of retirement homes. The decline of infections in absence of the "lockdown" measures could be explained by 1) earlier governmental interventions (e.g., cancellation of mass events, domestic quarantine), 2) voluntary behavior changes (e.g., physical distancing and hygiene), 3) seasonality of the virus, and 4) a rising but undiscovered level of immunity within the population. The results raise the question whether formal contact bans and curfews really contribute to curve flattening within a pandemic.
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Brian, Éric. "“Flatten the Curve!” But Which Curve?" Histoire & mesure XXXV, no. 2 (2020): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/histoiremesure.13544.

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JOHNSON, KATE. "Robotics Can Flatten Laparoscopy Learning Curve." Internal Medicine News 38, no. 8 (2005): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(05)70422-4.

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Lewiss, Resa E., and Reshma Jagsi. "Gender Bias: Another Rising Curve to Flatten?" Academic Medicine 96, no. 6 (2021): 792–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003987.

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Tentolouris, Anastasios, Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Panayotis K. Vlachakis, Diamantis I. Tsilimigras, Maria Gavriatopoulou, and Meletios A. Dimopoulos. "COVID-19: time to flatten the infodemic curve." Clinical and Experimental Medicine 21, no. 2 (2021): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10238-020-00680-x.

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Blake, Sarah. "Diabetes: is it time to flatten the curve?" British Journal of General Practice 71, no. 705 (2021): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp21x715481.

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Karthikeyan, Padmanabhan, Nikhil Sivanand, and Neelima Vijayan. "Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: How to Flatten the Curve?" SBV Journal of Basic, Clinical and Applied Health Science 3, no. 2 (2020): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10082-02244.

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Qumari, Mohd Aleemuddin, Farooqui Shazia Parveen, Md Anzar Alam, and Mariyam Ahad. "Chronology of COVID-19 Pandemic – the Un-flatten Curve." International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research 11, no. 5 (2020): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/ijpsr/2020/v11i5/201103025.

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Navsaria, Pradeep, Sithombo Maqungo, Lea Marineau, Megan Prinsloo, Itumeleng J. Molefe, and Peter Hodkinson. "firearm pandemic: time to act and flatten the curve." South African Medical Journal 113, no. 3 (2023): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2023.v113i3.316.

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Jenson, Hal B. "How did “flatten the curve” become “flatten the economy?” A perspective from the United States of America." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 51 (June 2020): 102165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102165.

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Books on the topic "Flatten curve"

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Prince, Anne. Client/server programming--Access 97: The learning curve just got flatter. Mike Murach & Associates, 1998.

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Edward, Koop, ed. Client/server programming--Visual Basic 5: The learning curve just got flatter. Mike Murach & Associates, 1998.

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Flatten the Curve. Blurb, 2021.

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Flatten the Curve: Virus Notepad Curve Gift. Independently Published, 2020.

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Flatten the Curve: Virus Notepad Curve Gift. Independently Published, 2020.

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Verity, Just. 2 Years to Flatten the Curve. UK Book Publishing, 2022.

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Doodle Books by Tickle Tees. Flatten the Curve : an Inspirational Journal to Save the World: Social Distancing Saves Lives! Independently Published, 2020.

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Parry, Sophia Sophia. Flatten the Curve Pandemic Virus Coloring Book: Fight the Virus by Staying Home and Coloring. Independently Published, 2020.

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Jarvis, Jennifer. Flatten the Curve: Music Sheet Journal, Notebook, Diary, Dimension 6 X 9 Inches, Soft Matte Cover. Independently Published, 2020.

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Jarvis, Jennifer. Flatten the Curve: Food Journal, Notebook, Diary, Dimension 6 X 9 Inches, Soft Cover, Log Book. Independently Published, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flatten curve"

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Bui, Long T. "Flatten the Curve." In Viral World. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032694535-4.

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Mämecke, Thorben. "Flatten the Curve – Pandemic Dashboards & Tracing-Apps." In Das Virus im Netz medialer Diskurse. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36312-3_13.

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Bailer, A. John, and Rosemary Pennington. "Modeling What It Means to “Flatten the Curve”." In Statistics Behind the Headlines. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003023401-7.

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Santos, Joost, and Sheree Pagsuyoin. "The Impact of “Flatten the Curve” on Interdependent Economic Sectors." In COVID-19: Systemic Risk and Resilience. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71587-8_10.

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Milev, George, and Amin Al-Habaibeh. "The ‘Mousetrap’: Challenges of the Fluctuating Demand on the Electricity Grid in the UK." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_14.

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AbstractCurrently, in the UK the power demand fluctuates throughout the day, especially during wintertime. The shape of the demand curve resembles the profile of a ‘mouse’. Around the tail area the energy consumption increases gradually, and that represents the demand during early morning hours which eventually flattens until the early evening. The head of the ‘mouse’ represents the early evening hours and the load on the grid peaks sharply. These sudden surges in power demand could potentially damage the grid leading to possible blackouts. In addition, this makes it difficult to depend on renewable energy such as wind turbines and solar panels without the use of energy storage. To examine the link between people’s behaviour and the grid, Covid-19 lockdown patterns were explored as it was a time of change in behaviour. Even during COVID-19 restrictions, which had an impact on people’s lives, the shape of the power demand curve did not significantly change; it followed the same shape of a ‘mouse’ compared to pre and post Covid periods, but during the pandemic the energy demand levels were slightly lower. The results suggests that in order to improve the stability of the demand, and hence remove this ‘mousetrap’, alternatives such as using renewable energy combined with electric and thermal energy storage systems can be integrated into the grid, which eventually can lead to flatten the demand curve.
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Haroon, Omair, and Syed Aun R. Rizvi. "Flatten the Curve and Stock Market Liquidity – An Inquiry into Emerging Economies." In Research on Pandemics. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003214687-3.

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Sander, Elmar. "Von Florence Nightingale zu »Flatten the Curve«: Infografiken als epistemische Vermittler in epidemischen Zeiten." In Medical Humanities. transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839471975-005.

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Elmar Sander beschäftigt sich in diesem Beitrag mit dem diagrammatisch geprägten Gesicht der Covid-19-Pandemie. Dabei lassen sich interessante Parallelen zu frühen Meilensteinen moderner Datenvisualisierung im Kontext epistemischer Vermittlung in epidemischen Zeiten nachzeichnen. Zugleich zeigt sich: Die Covid-19-Pandemie ist wohl die erste globale Krise in der Geschichte der Menschheit, deren Rezeption derart durch den Einsatz von Datenvisualisierungen geprägt ist - aber im Angesicht zunehmend komplexer werdender systemischer Herausforderungen und Krisen womöglich nicht die letzte.
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Pentzold, Christian, Denise J. Fechner, and Conrad Zuber. "“Flatten the Curve”: Data-Driven Projections and the Journalistic Brokering of Knowledge during the COVID-19 Crisis." In Covering Covid-19. Routledge, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003382300-9.

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Limone, Pierpaolo, and Giusi Antonia Toto. "The Motivation of Distance Learning in Universities Since Covid- 19 Outbreak." In Psychology, Learning, Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15845-2_2.

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AbstractAround midmonth March 2020, The World Health Organization acknowledged the COVID outbreak as a “public health emergency of international concern.” Worldwide, various heads of state-imposed mandatory lockdowns to curb and ease the spread of the disease. With such restrictions in hand, the education sector was among the many which felt the pinch brought about by the restriction measures imposed. To try and flatten the curve and minimize the spreading of the virus from one person to another, there was a need for reduced physical contact among people. According to Shahzad et al. (2020), public gatherings such as parties, religious services, social amenities, political gatherings, and physical learning for both universities and lower levels stopped since health comes first before anything else. With that in hand, the world had to look for suitable solutions to cope with the pandemic since the virus was not ending time soon; as a result, the globe adapted ‘the new normal of life. In response, education facilities had to embark on e-learning since life had to continue, which is great gratitude to technology. However, it brought about various issues that we will try and highlight since a change in anything is always accompanied by multiple challenges.
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Francis, June N. P., and Lama Mugabo. "Rwanda Galvanizes Healthcare Readiness, Citizen Support, and Technology to Flatten the Coronavirus Curve in the Land of a Thousand Hills." In Community, Economy and COVID-19. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98152-5_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flatten curve"

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Costa, Joao Paulo, Fabio Arroyo, and Philippe Darcis. "SSC of TMCP Materials: Criticalities among the Methodologies for Load Definition." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-21105.

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Abstract The Sulfide Stress Cracking evaluation based on Four Point Bend Test specimens (FPBT-SSC) is widely used to assess Line Pipes performance on sour environments. An important stage of the test configuration is to determine the strain corresponding to the desired load (e.g., 90% AYS) and different methodologies can be used. The present work studies these different methodologies and their influence on the applied FPBT-SSC load. Tensile specimens were machined from DNV450 sour grade pipes at a location as close as possible to 4PBT samples. The tensile test results were used to define the strains considering: i. the linear behavior until the Yield Strength and ii. the actual Stress-Strain curve considering both flattened and un-flattened specimens. The stress-strain curve exhibits a deviation from the linear behavior, typical of the tensile evaluation of cold-formed materials (Ramberg-Osgood). This deviation is higher in flattened specimens, due to additional Bauschinger effect. The deviation caused a higher obtained strain by considering the stress-strain curve method in comparison with the linear method (approx. 20%).
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Geng, Wenpu, Zhi Zeng, Weiwei Liu, Zhongqi Pan, and Yang Yue. "Tapered Ring-Core Fiber with Flattened Negative Dispersion for Cylindrical Vector Modes." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.fth3b.3.

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A tapered fiber with dual ring-cores is proposed to achieve broadband and flat negative dispersion for vortex modes. The dispersion curve of the HE21 mode features < ±1 ps/ (nm·km) variation from 1449 to 1671 nm.
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Jones, Shawn M., and Diane Oyen. "Discovering Image Usage Online: A Case Study with “Flatten the Curve”." In 2023 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcdl57899.2023.00064.

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Dutta, Writtik. "Design of a Coordinated Electric Vehicle Charging System to Flatten the Duck Curve." In 2021 International Conference on Science & Contemporary Technologies (ICSCT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsct53883.2021.9642591.

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Jurkiewiez, Fanny, Françoise Ahsbahs, and Gilles Le Saux. "Aspherization Does Not Significantly Make Single Vision Lenses Thinner." In Vision Science and its Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.fb3.

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For reasons of comfort and appearance, eyeglasses that are increasingly lightweight, flat and thin are more and more in demand. However, the techniques able to reach significant results for the wearer, while maintaining maximum visual quality (acuity and distortion), are relatively limited. Basically, we can increase the index of the material [1], and flatten the base curve of the lens. In any case, it is necessary to maintain visual acuity in most of the gaze direction. It is the aim of aspherization [2]. But distortion and thickness reduction are only natural consequences of this compensation.
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Chen, Brian, and Jen-Yuan (James) Chang. "Development of Integrated Roller Leveling System for Magnetic Encoding Medium Manufacturing." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46729.

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Magnetic linear encoder has been increasingly integrated in various position control system while demands for high precision machine tool to produce high precision products increase. During the manufacture of magnetic encoding medium, the medium is not expected to be flat due to packaging induced plastic deformation and residual stress. Medium deformation will result in damaging the performance of the medium such as the accuracy and magnetic flux density distribution. In this paper, the research efforts are devoted to develop a roller leveling system to flatten the curved magnetic medium, validated by parameter studies to investigate how roller leveling can be integrated into the manufacture of magnetic encoding medium in order to improve mechanical deflection and residual stress. The mechanical design of the roller leveling cycles has been completed. Experimental results demonstrate that roller leveling can significantly improve mechanical deflection of pre-stressed curve magnetic medium up to almost 60%.
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Chang, Annie, and Luis Miranda-Moreno. "Rethinking the Way We Move Beyond COVID-19." In Default for White Papers. SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/wp-0012.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">As the world grapples to combat the spread of COVID-19, our city streets have nearly emptied. Unprecedented community mitigation interventions have been applied in efforts to “flatten the curve” and slow the transmission of the virus. Social distancing measures have dramatically altered our daily behavior; notably, in the ways we do or do not move. This report seeks to identify emerging trends in urban mobility and road safety in respect to COVID-19. This is followed by a discussion of how we could shape our mobility future as communities begin to reopen.</div></div>
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Zulkiffli, Siti Nur ‘Atikah, Siti Falindah Padlee, Nur Farah Zafira Zaidi, and Noor Zatul Iffah Hussin. "AN ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVE CAPABILITIES AND ACCOMMODATION PERFORMANCE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUMSIZED ACCOMMODATIONS (SMSAs) IN EAST-COAST OF MALAYSIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In GLOBAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2021. PENERBIT UMT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/gtc.2021.11.022.

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The COVID -19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented threat to the hospitality industry. Numerous hospitality firms have been impacted by strategies used to flatten the COVID-19 curve. Hospitality firms are required to significantly alter their operations in the COVID-19 business climate in order to secure industry survival and to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. As a result, this study focuses on small and medium-sized accommodations (SMSAs) on Malaysia’s East Coast, which are particularly hard hit by the pandemic. The study of SMSAs on Malaysia’s East Coast discovered that marketing and human resource management contribute significantly to accommodation performance, while the other two factors have a negligible effect on accommodation performance during this pandemic, as determined by multiple regression analysis.
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Chu, Hongyang, Jingxuan Zhang, Jiawei Li, et al. "Impact of Well Interference on Transient Pressure Behavior During Underground Gas Storage: A Comparative Study." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214780-ms.

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Abstract Underground natural gas storage (UGS) is key to achieving carbon neutrality and it is also a potential solution to the seasonal imbalance between gas supply and demand. To store or withdraw a large amount of natural gas within a specified time, wells in UGS projects often need to have high continuous injection and withdrawal capacities. High injection and withdrawal rates lead to uneven pressure distributions in UGS and substantial well interference. This paper proposes an analytical model to investigate the impact of well interference on transient pressure behavior in UGS wells. We used Laplace transforms and the Stehfest numerical inversion algorithm to obtain an analytical model of the pressure response of a vertical well in a UGS project. We used the superposition principle to model well interference effects, and we used a commercial numerical simulator to validate analytical solutions for different cases. Results show that the pressure behavior during interference depends mainly on the operational status of adjacent wells. When an adjacent well is withdrawing gas, interference causes the pressure derivative to first rise and then flatten later. When gas is injected into the adjacent well, the pressure derivative curve drops continuously and is similar to the shape for a well near a constant pressure boundary. The types of adjacent wells affect the rate of rise of the pressure derivative curve at later times. Interference with a target well is more likely when we inject into or produce gas from a vertical well than from a horizontal well. The application of our methodology is illustrated for the Hutubi UGS. Available data from nine cycles of injection and withdrawal in this UGS project indicate that the cumulative gas injection volume and the gas withdrawal volume were 155.43 × 108 m3 and 130.81 × 108 m3. The final gas storage volume eventually reached 93.5% of the designed UGS capacity.
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Khot, Mahesh Balwant. "Life cycle assessment (LCA) of microbial oil-derived fuels and other non-fuel products." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/imol9786.

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Much literature is available on fungal lipids and their capability as a renewable oil platform for alternate fuels, chemicals, and food products. Microbial oils will not displace all edible oils soon, given techno-economical hurdles in commercialization. However, continued research & development can flatten the curve of deforestation and land-use impacts associated with cultivating these crops. To better understand how oleaginous yeasts and fungi could alleviate the challenges related to the energy-environment-food nexus, it becomes critical to investigate their potential environmental impacts quantitively compared to other feedstocks. Life cycle analysis or assessment (LCA) is a standard tool used for this purpose. LCA studies are not being conducted on a broader scale for fungus-derived oils than their phototrophic algal counterparts. The different stages in the life cycle of fungal lipid production that can be analyzed for environmental implications include cultivation and fermentation, oil extraction; further downstream processing; and end-use. The LCA method for fungal lipid-derived biofuel production systems should cover the main sustainability concerns of biofuel production systems: energy efficiency, climate change, and land occupation. With the scope of microbial oil applications expanding beyond non-fuel encompassing food, supplements, and medicines, their subsequent environmental implications need to be investigated. Further work is required in this area. There are significant knowledge gaps in life cycle inventory and impact assessment information for non-fuel applications.
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Reports on the topic "Flatten curve"

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Torres, Marissa, Michael-Angelo Lam, and Matt Malej. Practical guidance for numerical modeling in FUNWAVE-TVD. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45641.

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This technical note describes the physical and numerical considerations for developing an idealized numerical wave-structure interaction modeling study using the fully nonlinear, phase-resolving Boussinesq-type wave model, FUNWAVE-TVD (Shi et al. 2012). The focus of the study is on the range of validity of input wave characteristics and the appropriate numerical domain properties when inserting partially submerged, impermeable (i.e., fully reflective) coastal structures in the domain. These structures include typical designs for breakwaters, groins, jetties, dikes, and levees. In addition to presenting general numerical modeling best practices for FUNWAVE-TVD, the influence of nonlinear wave-wave interactions on regular wave propagation in the numerical domain is discussed. The scope of coastal structures considered in this document is restricted to a single partially submerged, impermeable breakwater, but the setup and the results can be extended to other similar structures without a loss of generality. The intended audience for these materials is novice to intermediate users of the FUNWAVE-TVD wave model, specifically those seeking to implement coastal structures in a numerical domain or to investigate basic wave-structure interaction responses in a surrogate model prior to considering a full-fledged 3-D Navier-Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. From this document, users will gain a fundamental understanding of practical modeling guidelines that will flatten the learning curve of the model and enhance the final product of a wave modeling study. Providing coastal planners and engineers with ease of model access and usability guidance will facilitate rapid screening of design alternatives for efficient and effective decision-making under environmental uncertainty.
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Galí, Jordi, and Luca Gambetti. Has the U.S. Wage Phillips Curve Flattened? A Semi-Structural Exploration. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25476.

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Gutiérrez-Daza, Ángelo. Business Cycles when Consumers Learn by Shopping. Banco de México, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36095/banxico/di.2024.12.

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Empirical evidence suggests consumers rely on their shopping experiences to form beliefs about inflation. In other words, they "learn by shopping". I introduce this empirical observation as an informational friction in the New Keynesian model and use it to study its consequences for the transmission of aggregate shocks and the design of monetary policy. Learning by shopping anchors households' beliefs about inflation to its past, causing disagreement with firms over the value of the real wage. The discrepancy allows nominal shocks to have real effects and makes the slope of the Phillips curve a function of the monetary policy stance. As a result, a more hawkish monetary policy reduces the volatility and persistence of inflation, increases the degree of anchoring of households' inflation expectations, and flattens the slope of the Phillips curve of the economy.
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Chell, G. Graham. L52310 Criteria for Evaluating Failure Susceptibility Due to Crack Defects Phase II. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010691.

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Seam cracks can pose a serious threat to the integrity of electric resistance welded (ERW) liquid and gas pipelines. Of concern to the industry is not just the assessment of cracks under service conditions, but also ways that may be used to establish the remaining lives of pipelines based on the results of a hydrostatic pressure test. An accurate crack assessment procedure is required. The main objective of Phase II is to validate the J-based crack assessment method developed in Phase I by using it to predict the results of full-scale burst tests on seam-welded pressurized pipes containing axial surface flaws. The comparisons between measured and predicted burst test conditions demonstrated that the Level 3C (J-based) assessment resulted in conservatively calculated critical burst conditions when fracture toughness values measured using highly constrained bend specimens were used in the analysis. This initial validation exercise highlighted some of the difficulties that may be encountered when attempting to validate the accuracy of advanced flaw assessment methodologies using vintage thin-walled pipe sections containing axial cracks. A second set of validation calculations were performed using modified material properties chosen to compensate for the effects of (a) extraneous plastic strains on stress-strain curves measured on flattened tensile specimens and (b) plastic constraint effects, and the J-based Level 3C assessment methodology developed in Phase I predicted accurate critical flaw sizes and critical pressures for the burst test pipe samples.
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Glewwe, Paul, and Kenn Chua. Learning Environments under COVID-Induced School Closures: Evidence from Vietnam. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/056.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the education of over 1.5 billion students globally. A majority of students live in countries where schools were either fully closed or were operational only through remote access. As school disruptions are likely to have lasting impacts on children’s human capital accumulation, data documenting how schools and households have adapted to this new learning environment have the potential to provide information on how to curb the adverse effects of school closures on children’s educational progress. Using a telephone survey, the RISE Vietnam country research team (CRT) collected data from 134 school principals from a nationally representative sample of 140 primary schools (a response rate of 95.7 percent). A telephone survey was also conducted of 2,389 parents of Grade 3 and 4 students enrolled in these 140 primary schools; this survey covers all 140 schools, with an average of 17 parents per school. Principals were asked what schools did to provide instruction while schools were closed in early 2020, while parents were interviewed regarding children’s weekday activities as well as the types of instruction the children received during this period. The telephone interviews with school principals and parents were conducted between July and September of 2020. In 2020, Vietnam was in many ways an outlier in that it flattened its epidemic curve early in that year, thereby allowing schools to reopen as early as May 4, 2020—roughly three months after schools were first directed to shut down. Vietnam’s schools continued to stay open and ended its 2019-2020 school year towards the end of June. While the period of school closure in Vietnam was brief, the country’s example may provide lessons for other nations that faced, and are still facing, the educational consequences of the pandemic.
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