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Academic literature on the topic 'Flea beetles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Flea beetles"

1

Gavloski, J. E., U. Ekuere, A. Keddie, L. Dosdall, L. Kott, and A. G. Good. "Identification and evaluation of flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae) resistance within Brassicaceae." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-164.

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All currently registered varieties of canola/oilseed rape, Brassica napus and B. rapa, are susceptible to attack by flea beetles, although to varying degrees. The development of resistant cultivars would be an environmentally acceptable means to reduce the damage caused by flea beetles. Seedlings from 10 species of Brassicaceae were evaluated for levels of antixenosis resistance to flea beetles in the laboratory, along with 308 Sinapis alba/B. napus hybrids. Thlaspi arvense and 11 cultivars of S. alba were resistant to feeding by flea beetles. In addition, 34 S. alba/B. napus hybrids were resistant to feeding by flea beetle in at least one test, although many of these failed to demonstrate resistance with repeated testing. One hybrid line was resistant to feeding by flea beetles each of the four times it was tested, while another was resistant in three out of four tests. These data indicate that resistance to flea beetles within the Brassicaceae is a genetic trait and can be transferred by interspecific hybridization. This information is the first step towards introgression of genetic sources of flea beetle resistance from resistant relatives into canola varieties. Key words: Flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae, Brassica, resistance, antixenosis, introgression

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2

Augustin, Arja, Unto Tulisalo, and Seppo Korpela. "Flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Halticinae) on rapeseed and sugarbeet in Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 58, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72222.

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Surveys of the incidence of flea beetles on sugarbeet and rapeseed were carried out in eight localities in southern and central Finland in 1972 and 1980—83. The first flea beetles emerged from overwintering in late April to early May, depending on the temperature. The majority, however, appeared during the second half of May, when daily temperatures occasionally reached +20°C. Flea beetles found their host plants by olfactory orientation. Two population peaks occurred during the growing season. The overwintered flea beetles formed the first peak in late May to early June and the adults of the new generation the second peak starting in late July. The incidence of flea beetles fluctuated greatly on the cultivation, as the flea beetles moved only short distances and showed thus very local occurrence. The availability of host plants greatly affected their reproduction rate, and thus the annual and regional differences in the incidence of the flea beetles were great and depended solely on the availability of host plants. Therefore it was difficult to establish any countrywide differences in the incidence of the beetles. Only Phyllotreta undulata (Kutsch.) and P. striolata (F.) were of any importance aspests of rapeseed. P. undulata made up some 80—90 % and P. striolata some 10 % of the total number of flea beetles on rapeseed. P. striolata was more abundant on radish than on rapeseed. Sugarbeet was damaged only by Chaetocnema concinna (Marsh). Other species of flea beetles were also observed in small numbers on rapeseed, radish and sugarbeet. They did not, however, cause any damage, but spread from adjacent cultivated plant species or weeds. The suction trap collected only a few flea beetles, but clearly revealed their activity periods. Damage caused by flea beetles is most harmful during the short seedling stage. At that time one flea beetle per plant was considered the threshold level for control measures. Later, even several flea beetles did not significantly hamper the growth. Seed coating efficiently prevented damage by flea beetles. The general incidence of flea beetles observed during this study was so low that coating of the seed was not justified. Chemical control of blossom beetle efficiently reduced flea beetles as well. The abandoning of the cultivation of winter rape also reduced the total number of flea beetles.

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LAMB, R. J. "ASSESSING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CRUCIFER SEEDLINGS TO FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta spp.) DAMAGE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-009.

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A 5-yr field study to develop a method for assessing the susceptibility of crucifer seedlings to damage by the flea beetles Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) is described. The recommended method consisted of five replicate 5-m rows per cultivar in a randomized complete-block design. Each test was sown three times at weekly intervals, to assure that at least one test received an appropriate level of flea beetle damage. Each test was assessed 4–5 wk after seeding by counting the number of surviving seedlings in each row and by weighing the dried aboveground portion of 10 randomly selected seedlings, although the latter discriminated fewer lines. The damage caused by flea beetles varied spatially, but this source of variation was minor and did not compromise the tests. This method proved adequate for discriminating among crucifer species and agronomically similar cultivars, some of which showed consistent, significant differences in their responses to flea beettle damage.Key words: Crucifer, rapeseed, flea beetle, pest resistance

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Pernal, S. F., D. G. Senanayake, and N. J. Holliday. "PATTERNS OF FEEDING INJURY TO POTATO BY THE POTATO FLEA BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN MANITOBA." Canadian Entomologist 128, no. 5 (October 1996): 791–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent128791-5.

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AbstractThe amount and distribution of foliar feeding injury by adult potato flea beetles, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), were examined on individually caged potato plants grown in field plots in Manitoba. Plants were either maintained as uninfested controls, or were exposed throughout the growing season to different insect densities that mimicked the natural seasonal pattern of infestation. In 1984, a trial was conducted using cv. ‘Norland’ exposed to four different densities of potato flea beetles. In 1989 and 1990, cv. ‘Russet Burbank’ was exposed to potato flea beetles, and in some treatments, plants were exposed to early summer infestations of Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). In each trial, during the late summer period of high potato flea beetle density, the amount and distribution of flea beetle feeding injury were assessed at weekly intervals. Counts of feeding punctures in single leaflets were made from leaves in the upper, middle, and lower third of each caged plant, and these data were subjected to repeated measures analysis of variance. In each of the 3 years, increasing the number of flea beetles increased the mean number of feeding punctures per leaflet in an approximately linear fashion; however, the number of punctures per beetle varied between cultivars and years. In 1984 and 1990, the number of feeding punctures per leaflet was least in the upper third of the plants, and greater in the lower, or middle and lower, third of plants. However, in 1989, the vertical distribution of feeding punctures was relatively even. Previous feeding by Colorado potato beetles increased the mean number of flea beetle feeding punctures per leaflet and changed the vertical distribution of feeding punctures. Rainfall and temperature were correlated with patterns of flea beetle injury; injury was concentrated on lower leaflets during weeks of greater rainfall, and upper leaflets were injured most during weeks with higher average temperatures. It is concluded that flea beetles exhibit preferences for feeding in specific portions of potato plants, and that these preferences change in response to previous defoliation and are influenced by meteorological conditions. Consequently, counting feeding punctures would not be a reliable method of assessing whether control measures for potato flea beetles are justified.

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Dillard, H. R., A. C. Cobb, and J. S. Lamboy. "Transmission of Alternaria brassicicola to Cabbage by Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta cruciferae)." Plant Disease 82, no. 2 (February 1998): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.2.153.

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In 1995 and 1996, flea beetles (Phyllotreta cruciferae) were observed in the field feeding on cabbage plants that were infected with Alternaria brassicicola. Flea beetles were captured in glass vials, etherized, and placed on agar media for isolation of A. brassicicola. In 1995, A. brassicicola was isolated from 13 out of 69 (18.8%) flea beetles in the first test and 38 out of 132 (28.8%) in the second test. In 1996, flea beetles were collected nine times during the growing season, and the isolation frequency increased from 0 to 77% as the crop approached maturity. In another study, flea beetles were collected from a field of A. brassicicola-infected cabbage, enclosed in plastic bags containing potted healthy cabbage plants, and then placed on a shaded greenhouse bench for 6 days. Alternaria leaf spot developed on plants that were infested with the contaminated flea beetles. Feces obtained from flea beetles that fed on cabbage infected with A. brassicicola contained intact and broken conidia of A. brassicicola and undigested pieces of cabbage leaf. The conidia were viable after passing through the flea beetles, as evidenced by their germination on the glass slides used for collecting the feces. Conidia of A. brassicicola were observed by scanning electron microscopy on all parts of flea beetle bodies, including wings, mouthparts, antennae, and legs.

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Esker, P. D., and F. W. Nutter. "Temporal Dynamics of Corn Flea Beetle Populations Infested with Pantoea stewartii, Causal Agent of Stewart's Disease of Corn." Phytopathology® 93, no. 2 (February 2003): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.2.210.

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In order to better understand the epidemiology of the Stewart's disease of corn pathosystem, quantitative information concerning the temporal dynamics of the amount of pathogen inoculum present in the form of Pantoea stewartii-infested corn flea beetles (Chaetocnema pulicaria) is needed. Temporal changes in the proportion of P. stewartii-infested corn flea beetle populations were monitored by testing individual corn flea beetles for the presence of P. stewartii using a peroxidase-labeled, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Approximately 90 corn flea beetles were collected each week from seven locations in Iowa from September 1998 through October 2000 using sweep nets. The proportion of P. stewartii-infested beetles at the end of the 1998 growing season ranged from 0.04 to 0.19. In spring 1999, the proportion of overwintering adult corn flea beetles infested with P. stewartii ranged from 0.10 to 0.11 and did not differ significantly from the previous fall based on χ2. During the 1999 corn-growing season, the proportion of infested corn flea beetles ranged from 0.04 to 0.86, with the highest proportions occurring in August. In fall 1999, the proportion of beetles infested with P. stewartii ranged from 0.20 to 0.77. In spring 2000, the proportion of overwintering adult corn flea beetles infested with P. stewartii ranged from 0.08 to 0.30; these proportions were significantly lower than the proportions observed in fall 1999 at Ames, Chariton, and Nashua. During the 2000 corn-growing season, the proportion of P. stewartii-infested corn flea beetles ranged from 0.08 to 0.53, and the highest observed proportions again occurred in August. Corn flea beetle populations sampled in late fall 2000 had proportions of infested beetles ranging from 0.08 to 0.20. This is the first study to quantify the temporal population dynamics of P. stewartii-infested C. pulicaria populations in hybrid corn and provides new quantitative information that should be useful in developing risk models to predict the seasonal and site-specific risks associated with Stewart's disease of corn.

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Hallett, Rebecca H., Heather Ray, Jennifer Holowachuk, Juliana J. Soroka, and Margaret Y. Gruber. "Bioassay for assessing resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) to the adult crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-122.

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A bioassay arena and a laboratory screening protocol were developed for assessing lines of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) for feeding damage by the adult crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). The arena consists of a 96-well microtitre plate with a modified top to contain flea beetles and allow ventilation. Eight lines of A. thaliana, arranged in an 8 × 8 Latin square design, were screened simultaneously in each arena using 50 starved flea beetles. Two cotyledons and the first pair of true leaves per plant were rated visually under a dissecting microscope using a visual damage rating scale. The protocol was used to screen 29 wild ecotypes, eight mutant lines and a single transgenic line of A. thaliana. Discrimination between both cotyledon and leaf tissue was apparent for young beetles that were both non-reproductive or reproductive, but not for old reproductive beetles. Differences were observed between Asian and European ecotypes of A. thaliana, suggesting that geographic origin may play a role in susceptibility of Arabidopsis ecotypes to flea beetle feeding. The transparent testa regulatory gene mutants (lines 82, 111, 164) were most susceptible to flea beetle feeding, possibly indicating a role for anthocyanins and/or flavonoids in governing flea beetle susceptibility. Significant variation in damage levels indicates that expression of flea beetle resistance in the A rabidopsis genome is plastic, and that potential exists to use the wide array of publicly available Arabidopsis germplasm as tools in the transfer of resistance to agronomically important host plants. Key words: Seedling bioassay, Arabidopsis thaliana, wild ecotypes and mutants, crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, host plant resistance

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Nagalingam, Tharshinidevy, and Alejandro C. Costamagna. "Two methods for rearing the striped flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under laboratory conditions." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 5 (July 26, 2019): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.44.

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AbstractThe striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of canola (Brassica Linnaeus, Brassicaceae) on the Canadian prairies. The previously published methods to rear striped flea beetles under laboratory conditions are not sufficient to maintain laboratory colonies over a sustained period of time. Here, we describe two methods to rear striped flea beetles in the laboratory. The first method produces both immature stages and adult flea beetles using Napa cabbage (Brassica napa subsp. pekinensis (Loureiro) Hanelt) and canola as food sources. Beetles reared using this method produced an average of 9.7 ± 4.5 eggs, had a juvenile development period of between 26 and 33 days, and had an adult longevity between 17 and 55 days. Between 62% and 90% of the colony-reared eggs resulted in the successful development to an adult beetle. The second method uses canola as the only host, and facilitates easy access to high quantities of adult beetles. This method resulted in a six-fold to nine-fold increase in adult numbers per generation. Developmental time from adult to adult ranged from 25 to 30 days. Our two methods facilitated rearing striped flea beetles for several generations in the laboratory with or without hibernation.

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Michael, Saluta, Joan A. Lasota, and James E. Roberts. "Yield Response and Efficacy of Penncap-M on Chinese Cabbage, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.84a.

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Abstract A randomized complete block design replicated 4 times was used. Plots were 7.5 ft by 3 ft and consisted of 10 plants per replicate. There was a 3-ft row spacing, 1.5 ft between plants and a 3-ft alley spacing between replicates. Prior to planting, 3 lb 10-10-10- fertilizer/100 sq ft and 10 lb lime/100 sq ft were incorporated into a tilled plot. The soil was fumigated with bromomethane (1 lb/100 sq ft). Seedlings were transplanted on 31 Jul. Insecticide was applied as a foliar broadcast spray over the row using a compressed air sprayer. A Teejet 8003 Fan type nozzle (25-30 psi, 20 gal/acre) was used for the first application, and 2 Teejet 8003 nozzles, with a boom spacing of 30 inches, were used for the second and third applications. Applications, which were made on 8 Aug, 15 Aug and 5 Sept, corresponded with the seedling, post-seedling and mature plant growth stages, respectively. Prior to these experimental treatments, an application of methomyl was delivered to all plants on 2 Aug. This was necessary to reduce a heavy flea beetle infestation which would have resulted in heavy seedling mortality if left untreated (Penncap-M was not vet available for use). The presence of flea beetle adults and their damage was assessed on 15 Aug. The following rating index was used to assess the quantity of adult flea beetles per plant; (0 = ((beetles, 1 = 1- 10 beetles, 2 = 11 - 20 beetles, 3 = 21 - 30 beetles, 4 = 31 - 40 beetles, 5 = 41-50 beetles, 6 = 50+ beetles). The number of flea beetle feeding scars in a 1 cm2 area at the center of 1 randomly chosen leaf per plant was used for rating flea beetle feeding damage. Yield data were collected on 20 Sep by weighing marketable heads.

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Ruan, Yongying, Alexander S. Konstantinov, Guanya Shi, Yi Tao, You Li, Andrew J. Johnson, Xiaozhu Luo, et al. "The jumping mechanism of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini), its application to bionics and preliminary design for a robotic jumping leg." ZooKeys 915 (February 24, 2020): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.38348.

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Flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) are a hyperdiverse group of organisms with approximately 9900 species worldwide. In addition to walking as most insects do, nearly all the species of flea beetles have an ability to jump and this ability is commonly understood as one of the key adaptations responsible for its diversity. Our investigation of flea beetle jumping is based on high-speed filming, micro-CT scans and 3D reconstructions, and provides a mechanical description of the jump. We reveal that the flea beetle jumping mechanism is a catapult in nature and is enabled by a small structure in the hind femur called an ‘elastic plate’ which powers the explosive jump and protects other structures from potential injury. The explosive catapult jump of flea beetles involves a unique ‘high-efficiency mechanism’ and ‘positive feedback mechanism’. As this catapult mechanism could inspire the design of bionic jumping limbs, we provide a preliminary design for a robotic jumping leg, which could be a resource for the bionics industry.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flea beetles"

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Warner, Douglas James. "The potential of carabidae in the control of insect pests of winter oilseed rape." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366035.

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Mason, James Allen Cole. "Flea Beetle Populations and Their Management on Vegetables in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95956.

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Flea beetles (FB), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), are common pests of cabbage and eggplant, but little is known about the FB populations in Virginia, their impact on yield, or the most effective control methods. This research investigates the FB populations and impact of their feeding injury on cabbage and eggplant in Southwest Virginia, and determines the most efficacious control methods. In Whitethorne, VA, cabbage and eggplant crops were vacuum sampled weekly throughout two summers. Crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), and striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata Fabr. were found on cabbage; whereas, eggplant flea beetle, Epitrix fucula (Crotch), and the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) were found on eggplant. To evaluate the impact of FB feeding on these plants, insecticides were used to create a range of pest pressure. Flea beetle densities and defoliation was visually assessed weekly and individual plant as well as whole plot yields assessed at harvest. In both crops, as little as 20% defoliation significantly reduced yield, with higher defoliation resulting in lower yield. The efficacy of various insecticides was also evaluated; soil application of the systemic neonicotinoid dinotefuran had the fewest beetles, the least amount of leaf defoliation, and the highest yield in cabbage and eggplant. Lastly, deltamethrin-incorporated mesh row covers were evaluated and shown to provide excellent control of FB compared to an untreated row cover or a control; and comparable to the standard insecticide, dinotefuran. This research helps vegetable growers to better understand the severity of these pests and how to effectively combat them.
MSLFS

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Kalischuk, Andrea Ruth, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Density and efficacy of the flea beetle Aphthona Lacertosa (Rosenhauer), an introduced biocontrol agent for leafy spurge, in Alberta." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2001, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/119.

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Biocontrol has been critized because the target effects of biocontrol introductions have not been studied rigorously. The objectives of this thesis were 1)to assess quantitatively the efficacy of a classical biocontrol agent after its release and 2)to suggest factors that affect the density and distribution of the biocontrol agent. In 1997, Aphthona lacertosa, a root-feeding flea beetle that is native to Europe, was released for the biological control of leafy spurge in Alberta. The beetles had established at more than 75% of the release sites that were monitored in 1999. In 2000, the peak abundance of A.lacertosa across release sites ranged from low (<10 beetles m-2) to high (>70 beetles m-2). Sites with high beetle densities had a significantly greater local (ie. within 5m of release point) reduction of leafy spurge than sites with low beetle densities. The density and distribution of A. lacertosa are affected by cumulative degree-days (CDD) at the release site and plant lacertosa are affected by cumulative degree-days (CDD) at the release site and plant morphology, respectively. Beetle population growth may be enhanced by releasing A. lacertosa at sites where there are more CDD. It is expected that high densities of A. lacertosa will effectively control leafy spurge populations.
93 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.

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Van, der Westhuizen Liamé. "The evaluation of Phenrica sp.2 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae), as a possible biological control agent for Madeira vine, Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005375.

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Anredera cordifolia (Basellaceae), Madeira vine, is a perennial, semi- succulent climber native from Paraguay to southern Brazil and northern Argentina. It has a history of weediness and difficulty of control once established. In South Africa Madeira vine has a wide range and distribution with altitudes ranging from 10-1800m above sea level. Described as a transformer species, its sheer weight is capable of breaking branches off trees, causing the potential collapse of forest canopies. Chemical and mechanical control methods are expensive, labour intensive and may provide only temporary relief. A biological control programme was therefore initiated in 2003. Cf Phenrica sp. 2 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae), was field collected from A. cordifolia in Brazil, SSW of Cascavel in the Paraná Province during a survey in November 2003. Eggs are laid in groups of 16 with the average fertility rate being 89%. After going though three larval instars, the larvae pupate in the soil with the adults eclosing after a period of 17 days. The total developmental time for a generation from egg to egg ranges between 7-8 weeks. Biological traits that favour the flea beetle as a possible biological control agent include long-lived adults (up to 5 months) and multiple generations during the summer period. Both adults and larvae feed extensively on leaves and stems and although developmental rates will slow down during the winter period, no indication of a definite diapause was found under the prevailing laboratory conditions. After completing the larval no-choice trials with twenty-six plant species from 14 plant families Phenrica sp. 2 proved to be adequately host specific, as larval development was only supported by 3 Basellaceae species (including the control A. cordifolia) and one Portulacaceae species. All of these are introduced species in South Africa. The only indigenous Basella species could not be tested as it has a very marginal distribution, and because it’s inconspicuous nature, it is seldom seen or collected. Adult multi-choice trials were restricted to species that could sustain larval development to give some indication of the acceptability of these species for adult feeding and oviposition. Although adult feeding was initially concentrated on B. alba, the oviposition preference was clear-cut as females only oviposited on A. cordifolia. In order to quantify the impact of Phenrica sp. 2 on plant biomass and to assess the incidence and intensity of foliar damage, a pair of adults was confined to the host plant, for 2 generations, with different levels of larval densities. The results indicated that the host plant, due to both larval and adult feeding, suffered leaf losses of up to 55%. Anredera cordifolia was however still capable of enlarging the root mass despite suffering huge leaf losses. This would imply that A. cordifolia has an effective re-growth capacity and it will only be vulnerable to attack of the storage organs that enable re-growth, or to repeated attack of other plant parts through which reserves are exhausted. Unfortunately the period of exposure (24 days) was too short to prove that Phenrica sp. 2 impacts on the below ground dry mass, but should the plant be completely defoliated, as was observed in the field, the host plant would be forced to deplete stored resources. Phenrica sp.2 has shown to be very host specific and although A.cordifoia loses its leaves during the winter period in most provinces in South Africa, the adults are long-lived and should be able to survive the leafless periods. Further more the relatively short life cycle, high fecundity and 3 generations per year should theoretically insure a strong population build-up that would improve the chances of establishment in the field. All indications are that Phenrica sp. 2 is an agent well worth considering for the biological control of A. cordifolia.

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Mkize, Nolwazi. "Insect pests of cultivated and wild olives, and some of their natural enemies, in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005403.

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This thesis has two focuses. The first problem facing the olive industry in the Eastern Cape is the growers’ perceptions of both what the industry will provide them and what a pest management program might entail. The second focus is the biology of olive pests in the Eastern Cape in terms of understanding their populations and their natural enemies on private farms, with future hopes of understanding how Integrated Pest Management strategies can be developed for this crop. Eastern Cape private farmers, small-scale farmers and workers from agricultural training institutions were interviewed regarding the history and cultivation of the local olive crop. Only one commercially viable olive grove was identified; other groves were small, experimental pilot ventures. The introduction of olives to small-scale farmers and agricultural training schools was generally a top-down initiative that led to a lack of sense of ownership and the trees being neglected. Other problems included poor human capital; poor financial capital; lack of adequate support; lack of knowledge transfer and stability; lack of communication and evaluation procedures of the project; miscommunication; and finally, olive pests. Apart from hesitancy to plant at a commercial scale, the main problem facing private farmers (Varnam Farm, Hewlands Farm and Springvale Farm) was pests. Therefore an investigation of pests from private farms was conducted ranging from collection of cultivated and wild olive fruit and flea beetle larvae for parasitism, trapping systems both for fruit flies and olive flea beetle adults. A survey of olive fruits yielded larval fruit flies of the families Tephritidae (Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), B. biguttula (Bezzi) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) and Drosophilidae (Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen)) from wild olives (O. europaea cuspidata (Wall. ex G. Don) Cif.) but none from cultivated olives (O. e. europaea L.). Braconid wasps (Opiinae and Braconinae) were reared only from fruits containing B. oleae and B. biguttula. This suggests that B. oleae is not of economic significance in the Eastern Cape, perhaps because it is controlled to a significant level by natural enemies, but B. biguttula may be a potential economic pest. A survey of adult fruit flies using ChamP traps baited with ammonium bicarbonate and spiroketal capsules and Sensus trap baited with methyl eugenol and Questlure confirmed the relative importance of B. biguttula over B. oleae. ChamP traps were over 50 times better than Sensus traps for mass trapping of B. biguttula but both were ineffective for trapping B. oleae and C. capitata. Six indigenous flea beetles of the genus Argopistes Motschulsky (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) were found, three described by Bryant in 1922 and 1944 and three new species. Their morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and mutivariate morphometric analysis. The leaf-mining larvae are pests of wild and cultivated olives in South Africa and threaten the local olive industry. At Springvale Farm, A. oleae Bryant and A. sexvittatus Bryant preferred the upper parts of trees, near new leaves. Pseudophanomeris inopinatus (Blkb.) (Braconidae) was reared from 23 Argopistes larvae. The beetle larvae might not be controlled to a significant level by natural enemies because the rate of parasitism was low. The olive flea beetles showed no attraction to traps containing various volatile compounds as baits. The lace bug, Plerochila australis Distant (Tingidae), was sometimes a pest. It showed a preference for the underside of leaves on the lower parts of the trees. A moth, Palpita unionalis Hübner (Crambidae), was reared in very low numbers and without parasitoids. A twig-boring beetle larva, chalcidoid parasitoids and seed wasps of the families Eurytomidae, Ormyridae and Eupelmidae were also recorded.

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Zaplachinski, Steven T. "Pulsed-release of flea beetle deterrence proteins in transgenic Brassica napus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0016/NQ38518.pdf.

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Setter, Cassandra Marie. "Weed Control Effects on Native Species, Soil Seedbank Change, and Biofuel Production." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29318.

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Aphthona spp. flea beetles were released in the Little Missouri National Grasslands (LMNG) in western North Dakota in 1999 to control leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). The changes in soil seed bank composition and leafy spurge density were evaluated on two ecological sites five (2004) and ten years (2009) after Aphthona spp. release to monitor the effectiveness of the insects on weed control and associated change in plant communities. In 2009, leafy spurge stem density averaged 2 and 9 stems m-2 in the loamy overflow and loamy sites, respectively, compared to 110 and 78 stems m-2, respectively, in 1999 and 7 and 10 stems m-2, respectively, in 2004. Leafy spurge constituted nearly 67% of the loamy overflow seed bank in 1999 compared to 17% in 2004 and 2% in 2009. In the loamy seedbank, the weed represented nearly 70% in 1999 compared to approximately 11% in 2004 and 15% in 2009. As leafy spurge was reduced, native species diversity and seed count increased ten years following Aphthona spp. release. High-seral species represented 17% of the loamy overflow seedbank in 2009, an increase from 5% in 1999. However, Kentucky bluegrass, a non-target weedy species, increased over 250% in the loamy overflow seedbank from 2004 to 2009. The reestablishment of native plant species has often been slow in areas where leafy spurge was controlled using Aphthona spp. A bioassay was completed to evaluate native grass establishment when grown in soil from Aphthona spp. release and non-release sites throughout North Dakota. Native grass production was not affected when grown in soil collected from established Aphthona spp. sites (1.5 g per pot) compared to soil without insects (1.6 g per pot). The cause of reduced native grass production in sites with Aphthono spp. previously observed is unknown but may have been due to a chemical inhibition caused by the insects within the soil that no longer exists. The native warm-season switchgrass (Ponicum virgotum L.) may be an alternative to corn for efficient biofuel production; however, control of cool-season grassy weeds has been a problem in switchgrass production. Various herbicides were evaluated for smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and quackgrass [Elymus repens (L.) Gould] control in an established switchgrass stand near Streeter, ND and a weed-infested field in Fargo, ND. Switchgrass yield was higher than the control 14 mo after treatment (MAT) when aminocyclopyrachlor or sulfometuron were applied early in the growing season, but no treatment provided satisfactory long-term grassy weed control. Herbicides were reevaluated at increased rates for smooth bromegrass or quackgrass control in Fargo. Sulfometuron provided 99% smooth bromegrass control when applied at 280 g ha-1 in the fall but injured other grass and forb species as well. Sulfometuron would likely be injurious to switchgrass and could not be used for biofuel production. Aminocyclopyrachlor did not injure other grass species but only reduced smooth bromegrass control by 76% when applied at 280 g ha-1 in the fall. No treatment provided satisfactory long-term quackgrass control.

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8

Koritsas, Vasile Michael. "Interactions between oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and cabbage stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala (L.)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46397.

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Kalischuk, Andrea Ruth. "Density and efficacy of the flea beetle Aphthona lacertosa (Rosenhauer), an introduced biocontrol agent for leafy spurge, in Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq61042.pdf.

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Mponda, O. K. K. "Involving farmers in the design of low-input control programme for sesame flea beetle (Alocypha bimaculata, Jacoby) in S.E. Tanzania." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320951.

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Books on the topic "Flea beetles"

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Antonelli, Arthur L. Potato flea beetles: Biology and control. [Pullman, Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, 1990.

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Gibson, Arthur. Les altises, comment les combattre. Ottawa: Impr. de l'État, 1997.

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Medvedev, L. N. Alticinae of Indochina. Moscow: KMK scientific Press, 2009.

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Gruev, Blagoĭ. General distribution of the flea beetles in the Palaearctic subregion (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae:Alticinae): Supplement. Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft, 2005.

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Hodur, Nancy M. Assessment of the extent and success of leafy spurge biological control agents. Fargo, ND: Dept. of Agribusiness and Applied Economics, Agricultural Experiment Station, North Dakota State University, 2004.

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Flanders, Kathy Linn. Host plant resistance in Solanum germplasm: An appraisal of resistance to Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper and potato flea beetle. St. Paul, Minn: Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Minnesota, 1992.

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Flanders, Kathy L. Host plant resistance in Solanum germplasm: An appraisal of resistance to Colorado potato beetle, Potato leafhopper and Potato flea beetle. St.Paul,Minn: Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Minnesota, 1992.

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Agricultural Development and Advisory Service., ed. Flea beetles. Alnwick: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1985.

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Entomology, Canada Division of, ed. Flea-beetles and their control. Ottawa: Govt. Print. Bureau, 1997.

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James, Rosalind R. The relative impact of single vs. multiple agents on the biological control of Tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flea beetles"

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Gratwick, Marion. "Flea beetles." In Crop Pests in the UK, 173–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1490-5_35.

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Krafsur, E. S., R. D. Moon, R. Albajes, O. Alomar, Elisabetta Chiappini, John Huber, John L. Capinera, et al. "Flea Beetles." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1467. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3833.

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Krafsur, E. S., R. D. Moon, R. Albajes, O. Alomar, Elisabetta Chiappini, John Huber, John L. Capinera, et al. "Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1467–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3834.

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Konstantinov, Aleksandr S. "Comparative morphology and some evolutionary trends in flea beetles (Alticinae)." In Novel aspects of the biology of Chrysomelidae, 383–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1781-4_32.

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Furth, David G. "The jumping apparatus of flea beetles (Alticinae) — The metafemoral spring." In Biology of Chrysomelidae, 285–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3105-3_17.

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Frank, J. Howard, J. Howard Frank, Michael C. Thomas, Allan A. Yousten, F. William Howard, Robin M. Giblin-davis, John B. Heppner, et al. "Potato Flea Beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3011. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3092.

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Gabrys, Beata, John L. Capinera, Jesusa C. Legaspi, Benjamin C. Legaspi, Lewis S. Long, John L. Capinera, Jamie Ellis, et al. "Crucifer Flea Beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1113. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10102.

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Heppner, John B., David B. Richman, Steven E. Naranjo, Dale Habeck, Christopher Asaro, Jean-Luc Boevé, Johann Baumgärtner, et al. "Sweetpotato Flea Beetle, Chaetocnema confinis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3640–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4491.

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Nielsen, Jens Kvist. "Variation in the suitability of Barbarea vulgaris (Cruciferae) for the flea beetle Phyllotreta nemorum." In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, 205–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1654-1_68.

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Nielsen, Jens Kvist. "Intraspecific variability in adult flea beetle behaviour and larval performance on an atypical host plant." In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, 160–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1720-0_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flea beetles"

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Silva Guimaraes, Thais F. S. "Landscape effects on flea beetles and their natural enemies in the Canadian Prairies." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114745.

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Mason, James A. C. "Impact of flea beetle feeding injury on cabbage and eggplant." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114859.

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Ma, Ruiyan. "Temperature adaptability of introduced natural enemy alligator weed flea beetle in China." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113135.

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Li, Ting, Jingfeng Yang, Xiaoqin Peng, Zhimin Chen, and Chengyang Luo. "Prediction and Early Warning Method for Flea Beetle Based on Semi-supervised Learning Algorithm." In 2008 Fourth International Conference on Natural Computation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2008.371.

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Li, Ting, Jingfeng Yang, and Zhimin Chen. "The early warning and prediction method of flea beetle based on maximum likelihood algorithm ensembles." In 2010 Sixth International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2010.5584642.

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LeBlanc, Sophie. "Toward developing pheromone emitting trap crops: metabolic engineering of an aggregation pheromone of the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, in Nicotiana benthamiana." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1052998.

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Reports on the topic "Flea beetles"

1

Esker, Paul, and Forrest W. Nutter. Population Dynamics of Corn Flea Beetles and their Importance for Stewart’s Disease of Corn. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-618.

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Nutter, Forrest W., Blucher Menelas, and Paul Esker. Using Seed and Foliar Insecticides to Control Corn Flea Beetles and Stewart's Disease of Corn. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-10.

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Esker, Paul, and Forrest W. Nutter. Sampling for Corn Flea Beetles Using Yellow Sticky Cards Placed at Different Heights and Orientations. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-299.

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Nutter, Forrest W., Blucher Menelas, and Paul Esker. Effects of Seed and Foliar Insecticides on Corn Flea Beetles and Stewart's Disease of Corn. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-840.

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Esker, Paul, and Forrest W. Nutter. Monitoring Changes in Corn Flea Beetle Populations, 1999 to 2002. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2421.

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Nathan, Harms, and Cronin James. Variability in weed biological control : effects of foliar nitrogen on larval development and dispersal of the alligatorweed flea beetle, Agasicles hygrophila. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41886.

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Host quality can have dramatic effects on performance of biological control agents but its importance is understudied. We used a combination of field measurements and laboratory experiments to determine the range of foliar nitrogen (FN) that larvae of the alligatorweed flea beetle (Agasicles hygrophila) are exposed to in the field and its importance to larval development and dispersal. Seasonal variability in FN was assessed at field sites spanning southern to northern Louisiana every 2–3 weeks during the growing season for four years. In a series of laboratory experiments, alligatorweed FN was manipulated to examine its influence on larval development and survival (under different temperature regimes), adult biomass, and dispersal of the biological control agent, A. hygrophila. Foliar nitrogen and rearing temperature had strong independent effects on larval development rate. We demonstrated that increasing nitrogen in leaf tissues shortens larval A. hygrophila developmental time and increases survival to adulthood, regardless of exposure temperature during development. It also suggests that foliar nitrogen may have important effects on biological control of alligatorweed, particularly as a result of seasonal variation in temperature and plant nutrition at field sites and could contribute to observed variation in A. hygrophila efficacy in the field.

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