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Pineiro, Marcos Paulo Gomes. "Flebotom?neos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em um sistema agroflorestal da Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13051.
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-28Sandflies stand out as important vectors of leishmaniasis. The females need to ingest blood meals, enabling them to transmit protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which may give rise to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), in addition to transmitting other parasites. Leishmaniasis are important infirmities, distributed worldwide, whose infection results from the interaction of reservoir animals, the vector insect, parasitic protozoa and the healthy host. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, these insects are important transmitters of VL, which usually presents in the most serious form. It occurs mainly in metropolitan areas, with the dog as its main reservoir and Lutzomyia longipalpis as the vector. ATL is most present in the highland areas of the state. In addition to hematophagia, engaged in by the females, both sexes need to ingest carbohydrates, which are essential to the sand flies energy requirements and may interfere in the development of Leishmania. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and abundance of sand flies in different environments on the farm belonging to the Empresa de Pesquisas Agropecu?rias do RN (Institute of Agricultural Research of RN), in the municipality of Parnamirim, in order to relate this occurrence with climatological and biological references and eating habits. Three consecutive monthly collections were carried out with CDC traps in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest, in a residence, on a goat breeding farm and on cashew, dwarf and giant coconut, mango, banana, eucalyptus, acacia and bean plantations. A total of 1241 sandflies from eight species (Lutzomyia evandroi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia shannoni, Lutzomyia sordellii Lutzomyia walkeri, Lutzomyia wellcomei, Lutzomyia whitmani, and Lutzomyia intermedia) were collected, most in the forest environment. L. longipalpis, the main VL transmitter, was confirmed as a species adapted to anthropic environments, whereas others such as L. wellcomei, the vector of ATL, occurred predominantly in forests. Carbohydrate characterization of the sand flies and plants of the region demonstrated that a number of exotic plants such as hay and eucalyptus may play some role in the adaptation of these species to modified environments. Breeding in laboratory showed a mean biological cycle of 53.5 days from egg to adulthood for L. shannoni and the possibility of diapause behavior in L. wellcomei. This study serves as a source of information that may contribute to the epidemiological vigilance of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis in the state, given that it analyzes the bioecology of transmitting species, as well as their potential to adapt to new environments
Os flebotom?neos se destacam como importantes transmissores das leishmanioses. As f?meas necessitam realizar repasto sangu?neo, o que as possibilita veicular protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania, que podem originar a leishmaniose visceral (LV) ou a leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA), al?m de transmitirem outros parasitos. As leishmanioses s?o enfermidades de ampla import?ncia e distribui??o mundial, cuja infec??o ? conseq?ente da intera??o dos animais reservat?rios com o inseto vetor, o protozo?rio parasito e o hospedeiro sadio. No Rio Grande do Norte (RN) esses insetos s?o importantes transmissores da LV, que geralmente se apresenta de forma mais grave e ocorre principalmente na regi?o metropolitana, tendo o c?o como principal reservat?rio, e Lutzomyia longipalpis como vetor. A LTA est? mais presente nas ?reas serranas do estado. Al?m da hematofagia, exercida pelas f?meas, ambos os sexos necessitam ingerir carboidratos, que s?o essenciais para as necessidades energ?ticas dos flebotom?neos e podem interferir no desenvolvimento da Leishmania. O objetivo desse estudo foi levantar a ocorr?ncia e abund?ncia de flebotom?neos nos diversos ambientes da fazenda da Empresa de Pesquisas Agropecu?rias do RN, no Munic?pio de Parnamirim, buscando relacionar essa ocorr?ncia com referenciais climatol?gicos, biol?gicos e h?bitos alimentares. Foram realizadas 03 coletas consecutivas mensais com armadilhas CDC em um fragmento de Mata Atl?ntica, em uma resid?ncia, e em planta??es de cajueiro, de coqueiro an?o e gigante, de mangueira, de bananeira, de eucalipto, ac?cia, feij?o e em cria??o de caprinos. Foram coletados 1241 flebotom?neos de oito esp?cies, Lutzomyia evandroi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia shannoni, Lutzomyia sordellii Lutzomyia walkeri, Lutzomyia wellcomei, Lutzomyia whitmani, e Lutzomyia intermedia, sendo a maioria destes no ambiente de mata. L. longipalpis, principal esp?cie transmissora de LV, se confirmou como esp?cie adaptada a ambientes antr?picos, enquanto outras como L. wellcomei, vetora de LTA, se mostrou predominantemente silvestre. Foi feita caracteriza??o de carboidratos em flebotom?neos e vegetais da regi?o, visando relacion?-los, o que demonstrou que algumas plantas ex?ticas como capim e eucalipto podem ter algum papel no processo de adapta??o dessas esp?cies a ambientes modificados. Atrav?s da cria??o em laborat?rio, observou-se para L. shannoni ciclo biol?gico m?dio de 53,5 dias de ovo a adulto e ainda a possibilidade de diapausa em L. wellcomei. Esse estudo constitui uma fonte de informa??es que poder? contribuir com a vigil?ncia epidemiol?gica das leishmanioses tegumentar e visceral no Estado, uma vez que analisa a bioecologia das esp?cies transmissoras, assim como seu potencial de adapta??o a novos ambientes
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Baracho, Amanda de Oliveira. "Avalia??o do potencial inseticida de extratos de Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) sobre Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)." UFVJM, 2018. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1769.
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Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM)
A leishmaniose visceral ? uma doen?a parasit?ria de transmiss?o vetorial causada por protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania, com elevado grau de letalidade e que atinge milh?es de pessoas no mundo. A busca por produtos alternativos para a elimina??o do vetor tem como objetivo minimizar os impactos causados pelos inseticidas qu?micos sint?ticos utilizados pelos programas de controle, sendo cada vez mais frequente a pesquisa em produtos de origem bot?nica com atividade inseticida. Organismos vegetais s?o capazes de produzir compostos org?nicos de comprovada toxicidade frente aos insetos e, diante disto, avaliou-se neste trabalho a atividade inseticida de extratos de Caryocar brasiliense, planta nativa do Cerrado popularmente conhecida como ?pequi?, sobre flebotom?neos da esp?cie Lutzomyia longipalpis, principal transmissora da leishmaniose visceral. Extratos hidroetan?licos, etan?licos e ciclohex?nicos de folhas e cascas de C. brasiliense foram preparados e dilu?dos em solu??o de Tween 80 a 3% para a obten??o de concentra??es a 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg.mL-1, para a realiza??o dos ensaios biol?gicos. Os flebotom?neos foram coletados em uma localidade rural do munic?pio de Diamantina/MG. Um n?mero amostral de 30 flebotom?neos foi posto em contato com os extratos e a mortalidade foi avaliada ap?s 1, 2, 4, 16, 24 48 e 72 horas de exposi??o, bem como grupos controle negativos (?gua destilada e Tween) e positivo (cipermetrina). A identifica??o dos constituintes qu?micos dos extratos tamb?m foi avaliada. Ap?s 72h de experimento, foram registradas mortalidades de 93,3% pelo extrato hidroetan?lico da casca a 400 mg.mL-1, 66,3% pelo etan?lico da casca a 50 mg.mL-1 e 81,1% pelo ciclohex?nico de folhas a 200 mg.mL-1. Os extratos hidroetan?licos da casca mostraram-se estatisticamente semelhantes ? a??o da cipermetrina em 72h de experimento, indicando que este extrato foi o mais eficiente quanto ? atividade inseticida. Foram identificados triterpenos, esteroides, taninos, flavonoides, alcaloides e saponinas nos extratos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os extratos hidroetan?licos de C. brasiliense, sobretudo das cascas, s?o promissores na busca por compostos naturais com atividade inseticida sobre Lu. longipalpis.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018.
Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania with high lethality rate that reaches millions of people worldwide. The impacts caused by synthetic insecticides used in control programs are well known. In this context, research on alternative products for vector control, especially products of botanical origin, has been frequent in order to minimize the impacts of synthetic ones. Plants are capable to produce organic compounds with insect toxicity. Here, the insecticidal activity of Caryocar brasiliense extracts, a native plant of Brazilian savannah, popularly known as "pequi", on Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis, was tested. Hydroethanolic, ethanolic and cyclohexanic extracts of leaves and barks of C. brasiliense were prepared and diluted in Tween 80 (3%) to obtain concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg.mL-1 for the biological tests. Phlebotomine sandflies were collected in a rural locality of Diamantina (Minas Gerais state, Brazil). Thirty sand flies were exposed to the extracts and mortality was evaluated after 1, 2, 4, 16, 24 48 and 72 hours of exposure, as well as negative control groups (distilled water and Tween) and positive (cypermethrin). Chemical compounds of the extracts were also evaluated. Mortalities rates of 93.3% were observed for the hydroethanolic extract of the bark at 400 mg.mL-1, 66.3% for the ethanolic bark at 50 mg.mL-1 and 81.1% for the cyclohexane of leaves at 200 mg.mL-1. The hydroethanolic extracts of the bark showed to be statistically similar to the action of cypermethrin in 72h of the experiment, indicating that this extract was the most efficient as an insecticide. Triterpenes, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins were identified in the extracts. The results obtained suggest that the hydroethanolic extracts of C. brasiliense, especially of the bark, are promising for the use of natural compounds to control Lu. longipalpis.
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Cavalcanti, Katrine Bezerra. "Resposta imune ? saliva de flebotom?neos (diptera: psychodidae) em indiv?duos residentes em ?reas urbana e periurbana no nordeste do brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12559.
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-17Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has a wide geographical distribution in tropical and subtropical areas of the planet, which is a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. This pathogen is transmitted to the host through the sandflies bite, with its saliva, the immune response that leads to both. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, 85% of the sand flies captured is Lutzomyia longipalpis, but the second most abundant, Lutzomyia evandroi, it deserves emphasis because its wide distribution and eclectic behavior. The exposure of people living in endemic areas for the insect vector VL greatly increases the chances of infection. This study aimed to evaluate aspects of the epidemiological profile of VL in endemic areas of human and nonendemic in the metropolitan area of Natal, as well as verify the abundance and seasonal fluctuations of sandflies species in two counties endemic for VL. Were collected in the municipalities of N?sia Floresta, Parnamirim, S?o Gon?alo do Amarante and Maca?ba, of which groups of females were separated for further dissection of the salivary glands and identification of species. The blood samples used were from individuals of two Natal s districts where it has never been reported cases of VL and neighborhoods of Parnamirim applicants who present cases of VL. In the municipality of N?sia Floresta, the most abundant species was L. evandroi with 38.39%, followed by L. longipalpis with 36.22%, L. walkeri 19.67% L. lenti 3.81%, L. wellcomei 1.39% and L. whitmani 0.52%. Already in Parnamirim the proportions were L. walkeri with 73.15%, L. evandroi with 10.55%, L. wellcomei 7.63%, L. longipalpis 6.37%, L. whitmani 1.46%, L. sordellii 0.52%, L. intermedia 0.21 and L. shanonni 0.1%. In both municipalities was observed higher abundance of species distributed in the initial months of the year, as February and March. The study showed that no difference in exposure to the vector of VL among individuals from endemic and non endemic area for this disease. But there are differences in exposure between individuals of L. longipalpis and L. evandroi, confirming the great powers of the first vector. It was also characterized as predominant phenotype in the population of endemic areas who had negative serologic responses to antigens of Leishmania and result in negative Montenegro skin test (DTH), indicating that much of the population hasn t been bitten by infected insects
A Leishmaniose visceral (LV) tem vasta distribui??o geogr?ficas nas ?reas tropicais e subtropicais do planeta, cujo parasito ? um protozo?rio do g?nero Leishmania. Esse pat?geno ? transmitido aos hospedeiros atrav?s da picada do flebotom?neo, juntamente com sua saliva, o que leva resposta imunol?gica a ambos. No estado do Rio Grande do Norte, 85% da fauna flebotom?nica capturada corresponde a Lutzomyia longipalpis, por?m o segundo mais abundante, Lutzomyia evandroi, vem merecendo destaque devido ao seu comportamento ecl?tico e ampla distribui??o. A exposi??o de pessoas residentes em ?rea end?mica para a LV ao inseto vetor aumenta grandemente as chances de infec??o. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos do perfil epidemiol?gico de LV de ?rea end?mica e n?o end?mica na Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal, assim como verificar a abund?ncia e flutua??o sazonal de esp?cies de flebotom?neos em dois munic?pios end?micos para a LV. Foram realizadas coletas nos munic?pios de N?sia Floresta, Parnamirim, S?o Gon?alo do Amarante e Maca?ba, dos quais foram separados grupos de f?meas para posterior disseca??o das gl?ndulas salivares e identifica??o das esp?cies. As amostras de sangue utilizadas foram provenientes de indiv?duos de dois bairros de Natal onde nunca fora relatado casos de LV e de bairros de Parnamirim que apresentam casos recorrentes de LV. No munic?pio de N?sia Floresta, a esp?cie mais abundante foi L. evandroi com 38,39%, seguida de L. longipalpis com 36,22%, L. walkeri 19,67%, L. lenti 3,81%, L. wellcomei 1,39% e L. whitmani 0,52%. J? em Parnamirim, as propor??es foram L. walkeri com 73,15%, L. evandroi com 10,55%, L. wellcomei 7,63%, L. longipalpis 6,37%, L. whitmani 1,46%, L. sordellii 0,52%, L. intermedia 0,21 e L. shanonni 0,1%. Em ambos munic?pios foi observado maior abund?ncia de esp?cies distribu?dos nos meses inicias do ano, como Fevereiro e Mar?o. O estudo mostrou que n?o h? diferen?a na exposi??o ao vetor da LV entre indiv?duos de ?rea end?mica e n?o end?mica para essa enfermidade. Por?m h? diferen?a na exposi??o de indiv?duos entre L. longipalpis e L. evandroi, confirmando a grandiosa compet?ncia vetorial do primeiro. Tamb?m foi poss?vel caracterizar como fen?tipo mais predominante na popula??o de ?rea end?mica aqueles que apresentavam respostas sorol?gicas negativas para ant?genos de Leishmania e resultado negativo no teste cut?neo de Montenegro (DTH), indicando que boa parte da popula??o est? sendo picada por insetos n?o infectados
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Bustamante, Maria Cristina Fortes Santos de. "Caracteriza??o epidemiol?gica de munic?pio sem autoctonia para leishmaniose tegumentar americana." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/847.
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-19Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
The knowledge about epidemiology of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - ACL still has gaps. The influences of environmental and peridomestic characteristics over its occurrence are not well defined. This study aimed to investigate the asymptomatic occurrence of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in humans and dogs, and to evaluate the natural infection of phlebotomine vectors at Engenheiro Paulo de Frontin, a disease-free of autochthonous ACL municipality, part of an endemic region. An epidemiological inquiry was developed from march/2006 to december/2007 with the support of the Family Health Program of the Municipality Health Secretary Office in the five sanitary areas. Fifty families participated in the study, yielding a total of 95 volunteers who were exposed or not to known risk factors. Procedures involved structured interviews, Montenegro skin Test (IDRM), serology done by Enzime Linked Immunossorbent Assay (ELISA), and Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF). All the volunteers had their dogs examined by the serology procedures and including a clinical exam. The existing environment was reported and phlebotomine sand flies were captured in the peridomestic environment to have all the present species identified. Infection by L. (V.) braziliensis was also determined by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Observed frequencies for positive results in humans were: 9%, 6.4% and 13.8% for IDRM, ELISA and IFI, respectively. Of 39 dogs examined, 5.1% were positive for ELISA and 23% for IFI, and from the seven species of phlebotomine sand flies captured, Lutzomyia migonei (59%) and L. intermedia (20.9%) were the most frequent. Natural infection rate of phlebotomine vectors were 5% or less, by PCR. The absence of active cases and the low percentage of positive tests found in humans and dogs, and the non-matching results, lead to the suggestion that there is no extra forest transmission of L. (V.) braziliensis in the county, despite of the high natural infection rate of phlebotomines sand flies. Large areas of preserved forests scattered around 52% of the municipality appears to be the only and main difference from the surrounding municipality, thus allowing maintenance of the ecological niches of the phlebotomine sand flies and reducing the pressure for adaptive changes.
O conhecimento acerca da epidemiologia da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) ainda possui lacunas. As influ?ncias de caracter?sticas ambientais e peridom?sticas sobre sua ocorr?ncia n?o est?o bem definidas. Este estudo buscou investigar a poss?vel ocorr?ncia de infec??o assintom?tica por Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis em humanos e c?es e a infec??o natural dos flebotom?neos vetores no munic?pio de Engenheiro Paulo de Frontin, indene para LTA aut?ctone e circundado por munic?pios end?micos. Foi realizado um inqu?rito epidemiol?gico entre mar?o de 2006 e dezembro de 2007, sendo investigadas as cinco ?reas de sa?de do munic?pio, com apoio do Programa de Sa?de da Fam?lia da Secretaria Municipal de Sa?de. Participaram do estudo cinq?enta fam?lias expostas ou n?o aos fatores de risco conhecidos, totalizando noventa e cinco volunt?rios. Entrevistas estruturadas, Intradermorrea??o de Montenegro (IDRM) e sorologia para leishmaniose, por ELISA e por Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta (IFI) foram realizadas nos volunt?rios, cujos c?es foram tamb?m submetidos a exame cl?nico e sorologia pelos mesmos m?todos. O ambiente circundante foi descrito e flebotom?neos foram capturados nos peridomic?lios para identifica??o das esp?cies presentes e de infec??o por L. (V.) braziliensis pela t?cnica de rea??o em cadeia de polimerase (RCP). As freq??ncias encontradas de positividade nos testes em humanos foram de: 9%, 6,4% e 13,8% para IDRM, ELISA e IFI, respectivamente. Dos trinta e nove c?es examinados 5,1%, foram positivos ao ELISA e 23% ? IFI. Das sete esp?cies de flebotom?neos capturadas, predominaram Lutzomyia migonei (59%) e L. intermedia (20,9%). A taxa de infec??o natural dos flebotom?neos foi de at? 5% ? RCP. A aus?ncia de casos ativos e as baixas positividades verificadas nos testes em humanos e em c?es e a discord?ncia entre os resultados levam a supor que n?o ocorre transmiss?o extraflorestal de L. (V.) braziliensis no munic?pio, a despeito da alta taxa de infec??o natural dos flebotom?neos. Grandes ?reas de mata preservada dispersas pelo territ?rio (52% do munic?pio) parecem ser o ?nico diferencial em rela??o aos munic?pios circundantes, permitindo a manuten??o dos nichos ecol?gicos dos flebotom?neos e reduzindo a press?o por mudan?as adaptativas.
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Sincur?, Yrllan Ribeiro. "A??o inseticida de extratos de folhas e cascas de Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (Burseraceae) sobre Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912)." UFVJM, 2018. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1770.
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Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM)
A leishmaniose visceral (LV) ? uma doen?a altamente letal quando n?o tratada e de car?ter reemergente. ? transmitida atrav?s da picada do flebotom?neo f?mea da esp?cie Lutzomyia longipalpis, inseto com grande distribui??o nas Am?ricas. O controle vetorial ? realizado atrav?s da aplica??o de inseticidas piretr?ides sint?ticos residuais de a??o r?pida sobre os insetos como a ?-cipermetrina e a deltametrina. Nos ?ltimos tempos tem se observado o surgimento de popula??es resistentes o que tem aumentado o interesse pela descoberta de novas mol?culas que possam ser utilizadas no controle de vetores. As plantas s?o um importante e promissor campo de pesquisa, uma vez que j? produzem mol?culas com a??o inseticida. Este estudo objetivou analisar a a??o inseticida de extratos de folhas e cascas de Protium heptaphyllum sobre Lutzomyia longipalpis selvagens. Para isso foram confeccionados extratos hidroalco?licos, etan?licos e ciclo- hex?nicos das folhas e cascas de Protium heptaphyllum. Nestes foram realizados estudos fitoqu?micos para prospec??o de classes de compostos secund?rios com a??o biol?gica. Os bioensaios foram realizados em potes pl?sticos adaptados e utilizou-se flebotom?neos Lu. longipalpis selvagens, oriundos da comunidade de Aroeira em Diamantina-MG. Obtivemos como resultado dos estudos fitoqu?micos, diversas classes de metab?litos secund?rios como terpenos, esteroides, taninos, flavonoides, alcaloides e saponinas, com destaque para os extratos de folhas onde foi observado um maior n?mero de classes em rela??o ?s cascas. Os bioensaios realizados evidenciaram uma a??o inseticida dos extratos hidroalco?licos e ciclo- hex?nicos que tiveram resultados estatisticamente semelhantes ? ?-cipermetrina. Apesar de composi??o qu?mica semelhante as demais, os extratos etan?licos apresentaram uma baixa atividade sobre os insetos. Com isso, conclu?mos que Protium heptaphyllum, possui atividade inseticida sobre Lu. longipalpis. Dessa forma, este estudo contribui com o desenvolvimento de m?todos de controle de insetos mais eficientes e menos agressivos aos humanos e outros animais.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a highly lethal disease when untreated and reemerging. It is transmitted through the bite of the female sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, a large-dose insect in the Americas. Vector control is performed through the application of fast acting residual synthetic pyrethroids on insects such as cypermethrin and deltamethrin. In recent times has been observed the emergence of resistant populations which has increased interest in the discovery of new molecules that can be used in the control of vectors. Plants are an important and promising field of research, since they already produce molecules with insecticidal action. This study aimed to analyze the insecticidal action of leaves and bark extracts of Protium heptaphyllum on wild Lutzomyia longipalpis. Hydroalcoholic, ethanolic and cyclohexanic extracts of the leaves and bark of Protium heptaphyllum were made. In these, phytochemical studies were found to identify groups of individuals with biological action. The bioassays were carried out in adapted plastic pots and wild Lu. longipalpis were used, originating from the community of Aroeira in Diamantina-MG. We obtained as a result of the phytochemical studies, several classes of secondary metabolites such as terpenes, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins, especially leaf extracts where a greater number of classes were observed in relation to the bark. The bioassays performed showed an insecticidal action of hydroalcoholic and cyclohexane extracts that had statistically similar results to cypermethrin. Despite chemical composition similar to the others, the ethanolic extracts presented a low activity on the insects. From this investigation, we conclude that Protium heptaphyllum has insecticidal activity on Lu. longipalpis. Thus, this study contributes to the development of insect control methods that are more efficient and less aggressive to humans and other animals.
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Cardoso, Patr?cia Giupponi. "Levantamento da fauna flebotom?nica e ocorr?ncia de c?es sororreagentes para Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no Munic?pio de Serop?dica, Estado do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/820.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-16Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is a no contagious infectious illness caused by Leishmania protozoa genera affecting skin and mucous membranes basically being a zoonotic infection. The aim of this study was to cany out phlebotominic fauna survey in ACL human cases occurrence areas. For sandfly collection monthly systematic captures by Castro trap from 6 o clock p.m. to 10 o clock p.m. for 12 months were performed. The diptera were placed on 70% alcohol bottles and carried to Sergio Arouca Public Health National School Biological Sciences Department Vectors Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, where they have been clarified and identified, as well. For dogs serology, blood samples from invaded residences animals as well as from a neighbour one, by venous puncture were taken. After serum centrifugation and separation, samples were stored at 20?C till serological assays performance at FIOCRUZ Public Health Nation School Immunodiagnosis Laboratory. The following methods: Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFIR) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used. From October, 2004 to September, 2005, 2390 units from four species were captured. The predominant species was the Lutzomyia intermedia with 97.1% from total collected, followed by L. whitmani 1.6%, L.migonei 1.21% and L.oswaldoi 0.09 %. From 35 dogs serology: 60% (21) no reagent animals were reported, 22.9% just for ELISA, 2.9% for IFIR, and 14.2% (5) reagent animals for both techniques, definitely positive. No correlated evidences between serologies (IFIR+/ELISA+ and other results) in regard to animals residence (ill or neighbour) by Fisher statistical test were reported. It might be suggested that ACL transmission in Serop?dica County has basically been spread by Lutzomyia intermedia specie. The presence of reagent dogs unless suggestive injury may contribute for new ACL reports.
A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) ? uma doen?a infecciosa n?o contagiosa causada por protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania que acomete a pele e mucosa, sendo primariamente uma infec??o zoon?tica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar o levantamento da fauna flebotom?nica em ?reas com ocorr?ncia de casos humanos de LTA. Para coleta dos fleb?tomos foram realizadas capturas mensais sistem?ticas utilizando o capturador de Castro, no hor?rio das 18 ?s 22h, durante 12 meses. Os d?pteros foram colocados em frascos contendo ?lcool 70% e transportados para o laborat?rio de Vetores do Departamento de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas da Escola Nacional de Sa?de P?blica S?rgio Arouca, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, onde foram clarificados e identificados. Para sorologia dos c?es, amostras de sangue foram coletadas por venopun??o em animais residentes nos domic?lios acometidos e de c?es vizinhos. Ap?s centrifuga??o e separa??o do soro, as amostras foram conservadas a -20?C, at? o momento da realiza??o dos ensaios sorol?gicos no laborat?rio de Imudiagn?stico da ENSP, da FIOCRUZ. Empregaram-se os seguintes m?todos: Rea??o de Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta (RIFI) e o enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Foram capturados 2390 exemplares de flebotom?neos entre os meses de outubro de 2004 a setembro de 2005, pertencentes a quatro esp?cies. A esp?cie predominante foi a Lutzomyia intermedia com 97,1% do total coletado, seguida pela L. whitmani 1,6% , L.migonei 1,21% e L.oswaldoi 0,09 %. Da sorologia de 35 c?es: 60% (21) animais foram considerados n?o reativos; 22,9% reativos somente para ELISA; 2,9% somente RIFI e 14,2% (5) dos c?es reativos para as duas t?cnicas, conclusivamente positivos. N?o houve evid?ncias de associa??o entre sorologia (RIFI+/ELISA+ e outros resultados) com a propriedade do animal (paciente ou vizinho), segundo o teste exato de Fisher. Aparentemente a transmiss?o da LTA no munic?pio de Serop?dica esteja sendo veiculada pela L. intermedia. A presen?a de c?es reativos sem a exist?ncia de les?o sugestiva pode contribir para novos focos da LTA, funcionando como um animal em potencial para manuten??o da protozoose.
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Silva, Marcel Miranda de Medeiros. "Flebotomineos (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE: PHLEBOTOMINAE) de uma zona de prote??o ambiental e seu entorno: resposta comportamental a diferentes fontes luminosas." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIAS BIOL?GICAS, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24869.
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O desflorestamento tem impactado diretamente sobre a bionomia e biologia dos vetores de leishmaniose. A vigil?ncia entomol?gica, como medida preconizada pela OMS para o estabelecimento das a??es de controle e monitoramento da transmiss?o de Leishmania, requer a captura de flebotom?neos em ec?topos diferentes. Para esta finalidade, as armadilhas luminosas do tipo Center for Disease Control s?o as mais utilizadas. Adapta??es vem sendo desenvolvidas visando maior atratividade dos flebotom?neos e, consequentemente, maior n?mero de insetos capturados nas armadilhas. A percep??o de diferentes comprimentos de onda do espectro vis?vel pelo flebotom?neos ainda n?o est? completamente elucidada. O estudo pautou-se na investiga??o da fauna de flebotom?neos de uma zona de prote??o ambiental na zona norte de Natal e seu entorno, observando tamb?m a atratividade de cada esp?cie em rela??o ao espectro vis?vel emitido por tr?s l?mpadas diferentes: LED azul, LED vermelho e controle incandescente. As capturas dos flebotom?neos ocorreram durante 1 ano, com a frequ?ncia de 3 dias consecutivos por m?s, nos ec?topos de mata e peridomic?lio; Diariamente as armadilhas eram trocadas de posi??o. A fauna de flebotom?neos capturados revelou sete esp?cies divididas em cinco g?neros. O teste H? de Kruskal-Wallis revelou uma influ?ncia significante entre o espectro luminoso emitido pela l?mpada da armadilha e a abund?ncia de insetos capturados. O teste do modelo linear generalizado demonstrou uma influ?ncia significante entre os conjuntos ?rea-sexo e cor-?rea com o n?mero de flebotom?neos coletados. As armadilhas que utilizam LED azul apresentaram uma maior efic?cia na captura dos flebotom?neos, apresentando valores quase duas vezes maior que a l?mpada incandescente. As l?mpadas com tecnologia LED substituem favoravelmente a atra??o e captura das esp?cies de flebotom?neos, aumentando a efic?cia na diversidade e abund?ncia.
Deforestation has directly impacted the biology and bionomy of leishmaniasis vectors. Entomological surveillance, as a measure recommended by the WHO for the establishment of control actions and monitoring of Leishmania transmission, requires the capture of sandflies in different ecotopes. For this purpose, light traps of the Center for Disease Control type are the most commonly used. Adaptations have been developed to enhance the attractiveness of sand flies and, consequently, capture more insects in the traps. The perception of different wavelengths of the spectrum visible by sand flies is not yet fully elucidated. The study was based on the investigation of phlebotomine sand fly fauna of an environmental protection zone in the north of Natal city and its surroundings, also observing the attractiveness of each species in relation to the visible spectrum emitted by three different lamps: blue LED, red LED and glow control. Phlebotomine catches occurred for one year, with a frequency of three consecutive days per month, in forest and peridomicillary ecotopes; Traps were changed every day. The fauna of captured sand flies revealed seven species divided into five genera. The Kruskal-Wallis H' test revealed a noteworthy difference between the light spectrum emitted by the trap lamp and the abundance of captured insects. The test of the generalized linear model demonstrated a significant influence between the area-sex and color-area sets with the number of sandflies collected. Traps using blue LED showed a greater efficiency in the capture of sand flies, presenting values almost twice as great as the incandescent lamp. Lamps with LED technology favorably replace the attraction and capture of phlebotomine sandflies species, increasing the effectiveness in diversity and abundance.
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Lindholz, Catiele Gobetti. "Identifica??o e caracteriza??o das esp?cies de flebotom?neos (Diptera: Psychodidae), infectadas por Leishmania spp., na localidade Praia das Pombas, Viam?o, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7177.
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The Leishmaniasis is a complex of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania spp., observed in the promastigote forms (flagellated, extracellular) in invertebrate hosts, and amastigote forms (no scourge, intracellular required) in vertebrates. Nowadays, these diseases are distributed in 88 countries in the Americas, Africa, India, Asia and the Mediterranean. According to the World Health Organization, 500.000 and 1.5 million new cases, respectively of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis occur annually, and considered one of the infectious and parasitic diseases of major global impact. Transmitted at the moment the blood feeding by the female sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae), Leishmaniasis is the shown to expand in all regions of Brazil, placing the country among the five most affected in the world. In Brazil, many studies have been carried out to elucidate the species responsible for the transmission of Leishmania spp., and consequently, prescribe important areas of to public health. However, these approaches are uncommon in the Rio Grande do Sul state. This study aimed to investigate the sandfly species occurring in a rural area in Itapu? district, city of Viam?o, metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, and verify the presence of DNA of Leishmania spp. in captured females. The collections were carried out with CDC light traps in intradomicile, peridomicile and forest remnants to verify possible population or species differences among the sites. The captures occurred for three consecutive nights, from May 2013 to April 2014. The sandflies were identified and females were grouped in pools of five animals each, according to the species. A total of 516 phlebotomines were captured, pertaining belonging to the Lutzomyia neivai (37.2%), Lutzomyia migonei (34.5%), Lutzomyia fischeri (21.7%), and Lutzomyia lanei (6.5%). For DNA extraction, 245 females were used. Fragments of 120 bp of conserved region of Leishmania kinetoplast were amplified from samples of Lutzomyia neivai, L. fischeri and L. migonei.
As Leishmanioses s?o um complexo de doen?as causadas por protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania spp., observados nas formas promastigota (flagelada, extracelular) nos hospedeiros invertebrados, e forma amastigota (aus?ncia de flagelo, intracelular obrigat?rio) nos vertebrados. Atualmente, estas doen?as encontram-se distribu?das em 88 pa?ses nas Am?ricas, ?frica, ?ndia, ?sia e Mediterr?neo. Segundo a Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de (OMS), estima-se que 500 mil novos casos de Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) e 1,5 milh?es de novos casos de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) ocorram anualmente, sendo considerada uma das doen?as infecto-parasit?rias de maior incid?ncia mundial. Transmitidas no momento do repasto sangu?neo pelas f?meas de flebotom?neos (Diptera: Psychodidae), as Leishmanioses se mostram em expans?o em todas as regi?es brasileiras, colocando o pa?s entre os cinco mais afetados no mundo. No Brasil, muitas pesquisas t?m sido desenvolvidas no intuito de esclarecer as esp?cies respons?veis pela transmiss?o de Leishmania spp., e consequentemente, apontar ?reas de import?ncia ? sa?de p?blica. A LTA chegou a capital do RS em 2002 e ainda s?o escassos os estudos de esp?cies transmissoras neste Estado. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as esp?cies de flebotom?neos ocorrentes em uma localidade rural no distrito de Itapu?, munic?pio de Viam?o, regi?o metropolitana de Porto Alegre, e verificar, a presen?a de DNA de Leishmania spp. nas f?meas capturadas. As capturas foram realizadas com armadilhas luminosas tipo CDC (Center for Diseases Control) em ambiente intradomiciliar, peridomiciliar e mata, a fim de verificar poss?veis diferen?as populacionais e/ou espec?ficas entre os locais. As capturas ocorreram durante tr?s noites consecutivas, no per?odo de Maio de 2013 a Abril de 2014. Os flebotom?neos coletados foram identificados taxonomicamente e as f?meas foram agrupadas em pools de cinco indiv?duos cada, de acordo com esp?cie. Um total de 516 flebotom?neos foi capturado, pertencentes ?s esp?cies Lutzomyia neivai (37,2%), Lutzomyia migonei (34,5%), Lutzomyia fischeri (21,7%), e Lutzomyia lanei (6,5%). Para extra??o de DNA foram utilizadas 245 f?meas. Foram amplificados fragmentos de 120 pares de bases referentes ? regi?o conservada do kDNA de Leishmania em amostras de Lutzomyia neivai, Lutzomyia fischeri e Lutzomyia migonei.
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Silva, Virg?nia Pen?llope Macedo e. "Variabilidade gen?tica de Leishmania spp. circulantes entre seres humanos e c?es e infec??o de flebotom?neos em ?reas end?micas para as leishmanioses no Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/21157.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Nas Am?ricas, a infec??o por Leishmania tem como principal agente etiol?gico Leishmania infantum. Nos ?ltimos 30 anos o padr?o de distribui??o das leishmanioses tem mudado substancialmente e a doen?a tem apresentado um perfil emergente na periferia dos grandes centros urbanos. A infec??o por Leishmania pode evoluir com um amplo espectro cl?nico desde o acometimento da pele, mucosas e v?sceras. Dos indiv?duos infectados por L. infantum apenas 10% desenvolvem a doen?a, sabe-se que 90% da infec??o humana ? assintom?tica e diversos fatores est?o envolvidos no curso da infec??o. Os principais fatores envolvidos no desenvolvimento da doen?a s?o a resposta imune do hospedeiro, a esp?cie e o conte?do g?nico do parasita. O sequenciamento dos isolados de Leishmania poderia aumentar a compreens?o acerca da sintomatologia dos indiv?duos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a diversidade gen?tica de cepas de Leishmania circulantes entre humanos, sintom?ticos e assintom?ticos e c?es de ?reas end?micas do Rio Grande do Norte. A variabilidade gen?tica de um grupo de amostras de humanos e caninos com a doen?a visceral, doen?a cut?nea e infec??o assintom?tica foi avaliado com os marcadores moleculares hsp70 e ITS1. O genoma completo de 20 isolados de Leishmania oriundos de humanos, sintom?ticos e assintom?ticos, e c?es foram sequenciados para avaliar a diversidade dessas amostras. Os fragmentos amplificados de hsp70 e ITS1 das amostras e foram analisados e montadas utilizando o pacote Phred/Phrap. Os dendogramas foram constru?dos aplicando o m?todo neighbor joining com 500 bootstraps, seguido das infer?ncias sobre as rela??es entre as variantes de Leishmania. As sequ?ncias dos 20 isolados brasileiros foram mapeadas com o genoma de refer?ncia Leishmania infantum JPCM5, usando o programa Bowtie2, com identifica??o de 36 contigs. As informa??es dos SNPs v?lidos foram utilizadas na PCA. Os SNPs foram visualizados pelo Geneious 7.1 e IGV. As anota??es do genoma foram ent?o transferidas para seus respectivos cromossomos e visualizadas utilizando o Geneious. As sequ?ncias consenso de todos os cromossomos (com m?nimo de 75% das reads com a mesma base) foram alinhadas usando Mauve. As ?rvores filogen?ticas foram calculadas de acordo com c?lculos de m?xima verossimilhan?a e modelos JTT. Como resultados obtivemos que hsp70 e ITS1 n?o foram capazes de definir variabilidade gen?tica entre os isolados de humanos e c?es; nem para os isolados de cultura e de sangue perif?rico, oriundos de um mesmo paciente.O sequenciamento gen?mico dos 20 isolados brasileiros revelou uma forte rela??o entre as cepas de Leishmania circulantes em no Rio Grande do Norte. Os isolados da Grande Natal de humanos e caninos permaneceram agrupados em todas as an?lises, sugerindo que existe proximidade genot?pica e geogr?fica entre os isolados. As amostras isoladas na d?cada de 1990 apresentaram uma maior diversidade genot?pica quando comparadas as amostras recentemente isoladas. De forma geral, n?o encontramos correla??o entre as formas cl?nicas sintom?ticas e assintom?ticas e o conte?do g?nico dos isolados brasileiros de Leishmania.
Leishmania infantum is the main etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World. The pattern of distribution of leishmaniasis has changed substantially and has presented an emerging profile within the periphery of the Large Urban Centers. Leishmania infection can compromise skin, mucosa and viscera. Only 10% of the individuals infected develop the disease and 90% of human infection is asymptomatic. The main factors involved in the development of the disease are the host immune response, the vector?s species and the parasite?s genetic content. The sequencing of Leishmania isolated seeks to increase the understanding of the symptoms of individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of circulating Leishmania strains among humans, and symptomatic and asymptomatic, and dogs from endemic areas of Rio Grande do Norte State and analyze sandflies from endemic areas for cutaneous and visceral disease. The genetic variability was evaluated by the use of markers hsp70 , ITS1 and a whole genome sequencing was also carried out. The amplified hsp70 and ITS1 of samples were analyzed and assembled using a Phred / Phrap package. The dendograms were constructed using the same methodology, but adding 500 bootstraps, followed by inferences on the relationships between Leishmania variants. The sequences of the 20 Brazilian isolates were mapped to the reference genome L. infantum JPCM5, using the Bowtie2 program and the identification of 36 contigs. The information of the valid SNPs were used in the PCA. SNPs were visualized by Geneious 7.1 and IGV. The genome annotations were transferred to their respective chromosomes and displayed on Geneious. The matching sequences of all chromosomes were aligned using Mauve. The phylogenetic trees were calculated according to maximum likelihood and JTT models. Sandflies were analyzed by PCR for the identification of Leishmania infection, a blood meal source and GAPDH sand fly. As a result, hsp70 and ITS1 were not capable of identifying genetic variability among human isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic, and dogs. The complete sequencing of the 20 Brazilian isolates revealed a strong similarity between the circulating Leishmania strains in Rio Grande do Norte. The isolates collected in the city of Natal from humans and canines remained grouped in all analyzes, suggesting that there is genotypic and geographic proximity among the isolates. The isolated samples in the 1990s had a higher genotypic diversity when compared to freshly isolated samples. All isolates presented 36 chromosomes with variable ploidy among them, no correlation was found between the number of amastina genes copies, gp63, A2 and SSG with such clinic forms. In general, we did not find correlation between symptomatic and asymptomatic clinical forms and the gene content of the Brazilian isolates of Leishmania. 34,28% of the sandflies collected in the upper west region were L. longipalpis and the main sources of blood meal were humans, dogs and chickens.
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Pinheiro, Marcos Paulo Gomes. "Influ?ncia de fatores abi?ticos na distribui??o e abund?ncia de flebotom?neos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em uma unidade de conserva??o da mata atl?ntica do Rio Grande do Norte." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM DESENVOLVIMENTO E MEIO AMBIENTE - PRODEMA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23666.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
As leishmanioses s?o graves problemas de sa?de p?blica no Brasil, causadas por protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania transmitidos pelos flebotom?neos, pequenos insetos da ordem Diptera cujas f?meas s?o hemat?fagas. A leishmaniose visceral (LV) ou calazar, tem como principal vetor nas Am?ricas Lutzomyia longipalpis e Leishmania infantum como agente etiol?gico. No Brasil, a Regi?o Nordeste se destaca com a maior incid?ncia de casos de LV, principalmente entre as camadas mais desfavorecidas da sociedade. A leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) possui diferentes vetores e agentes etiol?gicos em todo o pa?s, tem ampla distribui??o, e apesar da menor gravidade, causa s?rias les?es desfigurantes e incapacitantes em todas as regi?es, principalmente na regi?o Norte. ? relevante a introdu??o de estrat?gias de preven??o que venham a modificar as a??es humanas por meio da informa??o e sensibiliza??o para o problema, sendo a literatura de cordel um instrumento educativo que atrai por sua conota??o l?dica e informal, despertando a aten??o das pessoas. O presente estudo buscou, portanto, conhecer os flebotom?neos de uma Unidade de Conserva??o da Mata Atl?ntica e seu entorno, bem como alguns fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos relacionados ? sua ocorr?ncia, al?m de testar a utiliza??o do cordel como ferramenta informativa sobre o tema. O estudo aconteceu durante tr?s anos na ?rea interna e externa da Floresta Nacional (Flona) de N?sia Floresta, localizada no munic?pio de N?sia Floresta, regi?o metropolitana de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando-se armadilhas Shannon e CDC. Foi produzido um cordel, em seu formato cl?ssico, intitulado ?Um bebedor de sangue na terra do mandacaru - Peleja contra o calazar?, para a??es de educa??o em sa?de com a popula??o residente no entorno da Flona e com alunos de escolas do munic?pio. Foram coletados e identificados 82.638 flebotom?neos das esp?cies Evandromyia evandroi, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia walkeri, Evandromyia sallesi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Nyssomyia intermedia, Nyssomyia whitmani, Psathyromyia abonnenci, Psathyromyia brasiliensis, Psathyromyia shannoni, Psychodopygus wellcomei e Sciopemyia sordellii. Os flebotom?neos foram mais abundantes junto ao solo do ambiente silvestre, apesar de tamb?m serem abundantes junto ?s copas e no peridomic?lio rural. Evandromyia walkeri foi a esp?cie mais abundante, representando 76% de todos os flebotom?neos coletados, sendo importante outras investiga??es acerca dessa esp?cie. Lutzomyia longipalpis, E. evandroi e E. lenti demonstraram prefer?ncia pelos ambientes antropizados. Esse estudo comprova a elevada antropofilia de P. wellcomei, que se mostra ativo durante quase todo o dia no ambiente silvestre, bem como sua rela??o com os meses chuvosos. Com base no conhecimento da bioecologia dos flebotom?neos vetores das leishmanioses na ?rea, espera-se que esse trabalho possa contribuir com estrat?gias de preven??o e controle das leishmanioses no Nordeste.O cordel teve grande aceita??o por parte dos estudantes da EJA e a experi?ncia demonstrou que esse pode ser um importante meio para a dissemina??o de informa??es acerca da leishmaniose visceral, regionalizando as estrat?gias, sensibilizando e divulgando um tema t?o importante em sa?de p?blica.
Leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in Brazil, caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sand flies, small insects of the order Diptera whose females are hematophagous. The main vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, in the Americas is Lutzomyia longipalpis while Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent. In Brazil, the Northeastern Region stands out with the highest incidence of VL cases, especially among the most disadvantaged groups of society. Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) has different vectors and etiological agents throughout the country, a wide distribution, and despite its lower severity, it causes serious disfiguring and disabling lesions all over the country, especially in the North Region. It is relevant to introduce prevention strategies, through information and consciousness of the problem, in order to modify deleterious anthropic actions. Cordel folk literature has proved to be an educational instrument with potential use to address this issue, since it attracts by its playful and informal connotations and awakens the attention of people of different age groups. This study aimed, therefore, to know the sand flies fauna at an Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit and its surroundings, as well as some factors related to their occurrence, in addition to testing the use of cordel literature as an informative tool on the subject. The study took place over three years in the internal and external area of the N?sia Floresta National Forest (Flona) located in the city of N?sia Floresta, metropolitan region of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, using Shannon and CDC traps. A cordel pamphlet in its classic format was produced, entitled "A blood drinker in the land of mandacaru - fight against kala-azar," for health educational activities among the population living in the vicinity of the Flona and students. The use of the cordel was validated through questionnaires applied to students of the Education of Young and Adults Program. The pamphlet approaches the transmission, symptoms, treatment and prophylaxis of the disease. There were collected and identified 82,638 sand flies of the species Evandromyia evandroi, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia walkeri, Evandromyia sallesi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Nyssomyia intermedia, Nyssomyia whitmani, Psathyromyia abonnenci, Psathyromyia brasiliensis, Psathyromyia shannoni, Psychodopygus wellcomei and Sciopemyia sordellii. Phlebotomines were more abundant near the soil of the wild environment, although they were also abundant near the canopy and in the rural peridomicille. L. walkeri was the most abundant species, representing 76% of all sandflies collected, and other investigations about this species are important. L. longipalpis, E. evandroi and E. lenti showed preference for anthropized environments. This study confirms the high anthropophilic behavior of P. wellcomei, which is active throughout the day in the wild, as well as its relationship with the rainy months. Based on the knowledge of the bioecology of sand flies vectors of leishmaniasis in the study area, as well as the factors involved in its occurrence, it is expected that this work may contribute to strategies for the prevention and control of leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil. The cordel literature was widely accepted by students and the experience has shown that this may be an important way for dissemination of information about visceral leishmaniasis. It is also desired that the regionalization of educational strategies through cordel literature can contribute to the dissemination of knowledge, sensitizing the community and disseminating such an important subject in public health.
2019-05-04
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BRETAS, Jorge Ant?nio Casagrande. "Corpo gorduroso de Lutzomyia longipalpis (D?ptera: Psichodidae: Phlebotominae)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2069.
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CAPES
The fat body of insects is involved in very important functions. Thus, the fat body, besides acting as a reserve site and synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids participates in the production of substances with action on the immune system, detoxification, production of eggs, sperm and pheromone. However, the main function of the fat body is the reserve of lipids. The fat body of insects is usually divided into two regions, the visceral fat body, located near the digestive tract, and the parietal fat body, located near the cuticle. The cell types found in the fat body of insects vary, being found only one type in some and more than ten kinds in others. The main cell types found in the fat body of insects are trophocytes, urocytes and oenocytes. The morphology and biochemistry of fat body Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas, was examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy and high-performance thin layer chromatography. Thus, cuts through the abdomen of adult males and females showed that the fatty body is divided into two main components, in accordance with the spatial distribution in the insect's body: one parietal part which is located just under the cuticle and other visceral which is distributed suspended lobes and often associated with tracheas in hemocele. The fat body of L. longipalpis contains only one cell type, trophocyte, which has a large amount of lipid droplets, protein and glycogen granules in their cytoplasm rosettes. The lipid composition varies according to the physiological and insect species. The neutral lipid stored in fat body found more insects is the triacylglycerol. In addition, small amounts of diacylglycerol, steroids, free fatty acids, carotenoids and monoglycerides are carried by lipoforina (major lipoprotein of the insects). The diacylglycerol is derived from triglycerides stored in fat body and is the main form of fatty acid which are recruited to sites of utilization such as flight muscles, for example. Biochemical analysis of the abdominal tergites L. longipalpis males, by high-performance thin layer chromatography, showed the presence of different classes of neutral lipid (mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, fatty acids, cholesterol and esterified cholesterol) and phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylcholine) in the fat body. Furthermore, the lipid composition of the abdominal tergites varied, with the highest amount of lipids extracted from the fourth tergite, which has pheromone producing gland. Finally, the main neutral lipid extracted from the fat body of L. longipalpis was the triacylglycerol and the main phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine.
O corpo gorduroso dos insetos est? envolvido em fun??es de grande import?ncia. Assim, o corpo gorduroso, al?m de atuar como s?tio de reserva e s?ntese de prote?nas, carboidratos e lip?dios participa da produ??o de subst?ncias com a??o no sistema imune, detoxifica??o, produ??o dos ?vulos, espermatozoides e de ferom?nios. Contudo, a principal fun??o do corpo gorduroso ? a reserva de lip?dios. O corpo gorduroso dos insetos normalmente ? dividido em duas regi?es, o corpo gorduroso visceral, localizado pr?ximo do tubo digestivo, e o corpo gorduroso parietal, localizado pr?ximo da cut?cula. Os tipos celulares encontrados no corpo gorduroso dos insetos variam, sendo encontrado apenas um tipo em alguns e mais de dez tipos em outros. Os principais tipos celulares encontrados no corpo gorduroso dos insetos s?o os trof?citos, ur?citos e os oen?citos. A morfologia e a bioqu?mica do corpo gorduroso de Lutzomyia longipalpis, o principal vetor da leishmaniose visceral nas Am?ricas, foi analisado por microscopia de luz, microscopia eletr?nica e cromatografia em camada fina de alta performance. Assim, cortes atrav?s do abd?men de machos e f?meas adultas mostraram que o corpo gorduroso ? dividido em dois componentes principais, de acordo com a distribui??o espacial no corpo do inseto: uma parte parietal que est? localizada logo abaixo da cut?cula, e outra visceral que est? distribu?da em l?bulos suspensos e frequentemente associado a traqueias na hemocele. O corpo gorduroso de L. longipalpis cont?m somente um tipo celular, o trof?cito, o qual possui grande quantidade de got?culas de lip?dios, gr?nulos de prote?na e rosetas de glicog?nio em seu citoplasma. A composi??o lip?dica varia de acordo com a condi??o fisiol?gica e esp?cie do inseto. O lip?dio neutro estocado mais encontrado no corpo gorduroso de insetos ? o triacilglicerol. Al?m disso, pequenas quantidades de diacilglicerol, esteroides, ?cidos graxos livres, carotenoides e monoacilglicerois s?o transportadas por lipoforina (maior lipoprote?na dos insetos). O diacilglicerol ? derivado de triacilglicerois estocados no corpo gorduroso e constitui a principal forma de acido graxo que s?o mobilizadas para os s?tios de utiliza??o tal como os m?sculos de voo, por exemplo. A an?lise bioqu?mica dos tergitos abdominais de machos de L. longipalpis, atrav?s de Cromatografia em camada fina de alta performance, mostrou a presen?a de diferentes classes de lip?dios neutros (mono-, di- e triacilglicerois, ?cidos graxos, colesterol e colesterol esterificado) e fosfolip?dios (fosfatidilcolina, fosfatidiletanolamina, fosfatidilinositol, lisofosfatidilcolina) no corpo gorduroso. Al?m disso, a composi??o lip?dica entre os tergitos abdominais variou, sendo a maior quantidade de lip?dios extra?dos do quarto tergito, o qual possui gl?ndulas produtoras de ferom?nio. Finalmente, o principal lip?dio neutro extra?do do corpo gorduroso de L. longipalpis foi o triacilglicerol e o principal fosfolip?dio foi a fosfatidiletanolamina.
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Ochante, Tejada Sonia Victoria. "Correlación de la capacidad antioxidante total entre suero, saliva y orina empleando las técnicas de ABTS y FRAP en personas saludables." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4427.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante total (CAT) constituye un indicador más del estado de salud. La muestra de elección es
suero o plasma, su obtención es invasiva, la complejidad varía de acuerdo al tipo de paciente. Alternativamente pueden emplearse otros fluidos de obtención no invasiva como la saliva y la orina. Se requiere validar la correlación de la
CAT entre estos tres tipos de fluidos. OBJETIVO: Establecer la correlación de la CAT entre muestras de suero, saliva y orina empleando las técnicas de ABTS.+ y FRAP en personas saludables. DISEÑO: Observacional-analítico. LUGAR: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición. Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM, Perú. PARTICIPANTES: Veintitrés personas voluntarias aportaron muestras de suero, saliva y orina. INTERVENCIONES: Las muestras se almacenaron a -20°C. Se emplearon las técnicas de ABTS.+ y de FRAP. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado y se contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la Facultad de Medicina-UNMSM. RESULTADOS: Con la técnica de ABTS.+, la correlación de Pearson para suero-saliva fue -0,315; suero-orina, 0,165 y saliva-orina, -0,150. Con la técnica del FRAP, el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre suero-saliva fue -0,015, suero-orina 0,206, y saliva-orina -0.086. CONCLUSIÓN: No existe correlación significativa entre estos tres tipos de muestras. Sin embargo, se observa que la correlación entre
suero-saliva por ABTS.+ y suero-orina por FRAP son no despreciables y es probable que aumente con mayor número de voluntarios. La muestra con
mayor CAT es la orina, y la de menor CAT, la saliva.
Palabras claves: Capacidad antioxidante total, flebotomía, ABTS.+, FRAP--- ABSTRACT: Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is another indicator of health status. The specimen of choice is serum or plasma, their collection is invasive, complexity varies according to the kind of patient. Alternatively other non-invasively obtaining fluids as saliva and urine may be used. It is necessary to validate the correlation of TAC between these three types of fluids. OBJECTIVE: To establish the correlation between the TAC serum, saliva and urine using the ABTS.+ and FRAP techniques in health people. DESIGN: Observational-analytic. SETTING: Biochemistry and Nutrition Research. Faculty of Medicine, UNMSM, Peru. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty three volunteers provided samples of serum, saliva and urine. INTERVENTIONS: The samples were stored at -20°C. ABTS.+ and FRAP techniques were used. It was informed and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine - San Marcos. The consent was obtained. RESULTS: By the ABTS.+ technique, the Pearson correlation to serum-saliva was -0,315; serum-urine, 0,165 and salivaurine, -0,150. By FRAP technique, the Pearson correlation to serum-saliva was -0,015; serum-urine, 0,206 and saliva-urine -0,086. CONCLUSION: There is not significant correlation between these three types of samples. However, we can mention that the correlation between serum-saliva by ABTS.+ and serum-urine by FRAP are not negligible and is likely to increase with more volunteers. The sample with greatest TAC is the urine, and the lowest TAC, the saliva. Keywords: Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), phlebotomy, ABTS.+, FRAP
Tesis
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Hormiga, Hernando Gonzalez [UNESP]. "Aplicação de diferentes pinças hemostáticas em veias de equinos: estudo morfológico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144581.
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Foi realizada a avaliação morfológica e morfométrica da veia cefálica submetida à pinçamento de cinco equinos hígidos. Foram testadas as pinças hemostáticas: Diffenbach bulldog, De Bakey bulldog, Rochester reta e De Bakey com cremalheira. Após 15 minutos da aplicação das referidas pinças, foi realizada a flebectomia parcial e coletadas as amostras referentes a cada segmento do vaso pinçado e do segmento controle sem pinçamento. Das peças procedeu-se as preparações histológicas dos segmentos da veia nas colorações de Hematoxilina-Eosina e Tricrômio de Masson, os cortes histológicos foram avaliados por microscopia óptica. Foi realizada análise morfológica das veias, de forma qualitativa, utilizando para isto uma escala de avaliação de lesões vasculares após pinçamento; a avaliação morfométrica, quantificando em micrometros o achatamento produzido pelas pinças nas diferentes camadas vasculares. Em ambos os estudos, morfológico e morfométrico, as pinças com serrilhamento transversal e fechamento tipo cremalheira causaram as maiores alterações, observou se marcada vacuolização das células musculares e desarranjo na túnica media com perda marcada das células endoteliais da túnica intima do vaso estudado.
Morphometric and morphologic evaluation of the cephalic vein of five healthy horses submitted to clamping was done. Hemostatic clamps tested were Dieffenbach bulldog, De Bakey bulldog, Rochester straight and De Bakey with ratchets. 15 minutes after mentioned clamps were applied partial phlebotomy was performed and histologic sections of the veins were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson Trichrome, after the stained preparations were evaluated by light microscopy. A qualitative morphological analysis of the veins was performed using a rating scale of vascular lesions after clamping; the morphometric evaluation consisted in quantifying in micrometers the flattening produced by the hemostatic clamps in the different vascular beds. In both studies, morphologic and morphometric, hemostats with transverse serration and ratcheted mechanism caused major changes, pronounced vacuolization of the muscle cells, derangement of the medium tunic and marked loss of endothelial cells of the intima tunic was observed in the vessel studied.
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Alcover, Amengual Maria Magdalena. "Los flebotomos de las islas de Mallorca y Menorca y su papel focalizador en la distribución de las leishmaniosis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286510.
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Los datos acerca de las leishmaniosis y sus vectores, los flebotomos, en las Islas Baleares son escasos y focalizados. La tasa global de casos humanos (LH) se sitúa entre los 0,7-3,5 casos anuales/100.000 habitantes y la prevalencia de la leishmaniosis canina (LCan) varía entre el 0 y el 45%, dependiendo de la isla y de la población analizada. Se han identificado cinco especies de flebotomos en las islas, pero no se dispone de un estudio extensivo de su distribución y densidad.
El objetivo general de esta tesis es profundizar en el conocimiento de la epidemiología de la leishmaniosis en Mallorca y Menorca, que presentan un grado de endemicidad diferente, ausente de Menorca y con una prevalencia elevada en Mallorca.
La metodología ha variado en función de los objetivos específicos planteados. Para el estudio de la infección natural por leishmania de los vectores se ha aplicado una PCR-anidada y para analizar la utilidad de dicha técnica en estudios epidemiológicos se ha observado, además, el estado de digestión sanguínea de las hembras de flebotomos. La identificación de la especie de Leishmania se llevó a cabo mediante RFLP. Para obtener datos de la LCan se ha realizado una encuesta a los veterinarios de las Islas Baleares y un estudio serológico prospectivo a perros de la isla de Menorca. El estudio de los vectores, Phlebotomus perniciosus, se ha llevado a cabo mediante capturas con trampas adhesivas durante el periodo estival.
Resultados:. El 38,7% de las hembras analizadas presentaron una PCR-anidada positiva para leishmania, variando entre el 0% y el 78% de acuerdo al grado de LH y y LCan en el área. Se observó un incremento significativo del riesgo de positividad en la PCR-anidada al incrementar el grado de digestión sanguínea (OR = 1,3; p = 0,025). El genotipado permitió identificar a L. infantum en todos los casos. El análisis retrospectivo de la LCan en las Islas Baleares permitió observar que el 50% de los veterinarios opinaba que la incidencia de la LCan no había sufrido cambios. Sin embargo, el 50% de los veterinarios de Menorca consideraban que la LCan había incrementado y el 100% consideraba que los nuevos casos diagnosticados eran autóctonos. El estudio serológico transversal, mostró una tasa de seroprevalencia del 24% en la isla, siendo del 31% en los perros locales sin antecedentes de desplazamientos a zonas endémicas. El estudio entomológico permitió detectar la presencia de Phlebotomus perniciosus, uno de los vectores de L. infantum en la región mediterránea. En Menorca se capturó entre 31–161 m, con una frecuencia del 56,8%, y en Mallorca entre 6-772 m, con una frecuencia de 69,4%. La densidad en Menorca disminuyó significativamente con respecto a un estudio anterior. El análisis estadístico en ambas islas permitió observar que P. perniciosus se localiza preferentemente alejada de los núcleos urbanos y que su presencia está además influenciada por la flora adyacente y el tipo de muro donde se colocan las trampas.
Conclusiones: La PCR-anidada, en combinación con el análisis de la digestión sanguínea, se muestra útil para estudios epidemiológicos de las leishmaniosis. En Menorca se ha detectado un foco autóctono de LCan, cuya emergencia no parece estar relacionada con un aumento en la densidad de P. perniciosus, sino con la introducción continua de perros infectados con leishmaniosis. En ambas islas el vector se encuentra ampliamente distribuido, con el consecuente riesgo de transmisión de la leishmaniosis. En Mallorca hay una mayor probabilidad de encontrarlo a altitudes entre 51-150 m, en presencia de garriga, en los límites de poblaciones y entre éstas y en la proximidad de granjas de ovejas.Data on leishmaniosis and its vectors (sandflies) in the Balearic Islands are scarce and focused. The overall rate of human leishmaniosis (HL) is 0.7-3.5 cases per year/100,000 inhabitants, and the prevalence of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) varies between 0 and 45%, depending on the island and the population tested. Five species of sandflies have been identified in the islands, but their distribution and density have not been extensively studied to date. Objective: To obtain a greater understanding of the epidemiology of leishmaniosis in Majorca and Minorca, which show different degrees of endemicity. Results: In the application of a nested-PCR (n-PCR) to determine leishmania parasitism, 38.7% of analysed female sandflies tested positive, ranging from 0% to 78% according to the presence of CanL and HL. The probability of a positive n-PCR increased significantly with the degree of blood digestion (P=0.025 OR=1.3). Genotyping (RFLP) allowed Leishmania infantum identification in all cases. In response to a questionnaire on CanL trends, 50% of participating Balearic Island veterinarians thought its incidence had not changed overtime. However, in Minorca 50% of veterinarians considered CanL to be increasing, while 100% thought that the newly diagnosed cases were autochthonous. A cross-sectional serological study in Minorca showed an overall seroprevalence rate of 24%, or 31% in local dogs with no history of having travelled to endemic areas. The entomological study employing sticky traps in Minorca and Mallorca confirmed the presence of Phlebotomus perniciosus, vector of L. infantum. In Minorca, it was captured with a frequency of 56.8% at 31-161 m.a.s.l. and in Majorca of 69.4% at 6-772 m.a.s.l. The density in Minorca was significantly lower compared to a previous study. The statistical analysis of both islands showed that P. perniciosus is mainly located far from urban settlements, and its presence is also influenced by the type of adjacent flora and wall construction. Conclusions: n-PCR coupled with blood digestion analysis is a useful technique for epidemiological studies of leishmaniosis. The emergence and establishment of an autochthonous focus of CanL in Minorca is apparently related with the continuous introduction of leishmaniosis-infected dogs rather than an increase in P. perniciosus density. The vector was found throughout both islands, with the consequent risk of leishmaniosis transmission. In Majorca, P. perniciosus is most likely found at altitudes of 51-150 m.s.a.l., in garrigue vegetation, between and at the edge of settlements, and in the proximity of sheep farms.
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Silva, Nixon Ramos da. "Punção periférica da jugular externa para coleta de células progenitoras hematopoéticas de sangue periférico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17155/tde-08062017-094754/.
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Introdução: O transplante autólogo de células progenitoras hematopoéticas é indicado para tratamento de várias doenças neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas, tais como linfoma, mieloma múltiplo e doenças autoimunes. Para isso, é imprescindível coletar as células progenitoras hematopoéticas (CPHs), em geral mobilizadas para o sangue periférico, por meio de equipamentos de aférese e acesso venoso adequado, seja de veia periférica seja de veia central quando a primeira não for adequada. Usualmente, o acesso periférico se dá por veia da fossa cubital. Entretanto, a veia jugular externa também poderia ser uma opção em pacientes em que a veia cubital não proporcionar fluxo sanguíneo adequado, uma possibilidade ainda muito pouco explorada nesse contexto. Objetivos: Avaliar a viabilidade de coletar CPHs pela veia jugular externa em pacientes que não tem acesso por meio da veia da fossa cubital.Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional do tipo transversal, com coleta retrospectiva dos dados por meio da análise das fichas médicas arquivadas no Hemonúcleo do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. A amostra foi composta de 26 indivíduos, sendo que 13 (50%) dos participantes tiveram a punção da veia jugular externa e os outros 13 (50%) foram extraídos aleatoriamente do conjunto de 913 pacientes que tiveram a punção da veia da fossa cubital para equilíbrio numérico das amostras, no período de 2007 a 2014. Resultados: Dos 26 participantes do estudo, 19 (76,9%) foram do sexo masculino e 7 (23,1%) do sexo feminino. Entre as doenças, o mieloma foi a mais prevalente, não houve diferença quanto ao diagnóstico entre os dois grupos fossa cubital e jugular. As médias de células CD34+ coletadas no grupo fossa cubital e no grupo jugular foram de 10,0 x 106/kg e 5,1 x 106/kg, respectivamente (p=0,20). As volemias processadas foram de 4,2 e 4,4 para os grupos fossa cubital de jugular (p=0,12). O fluxo médio de aspiração do sangue foi de 69±17 mL/minuto e 62±17 mL/minuto (p=0,29). Conclusão: Há viabilidade da coleta de CPH por via jugular externaIntroduction: Autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation is indicated for the treatment of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, such as lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and autoimmune diseases. For this, it is essential to collect the hematopoietic progenitor cells (CPHs), usually mobilized into the peripheral blood, by means of apheresis devices and adequate venous access, either peripheral vein or central vein when the former is not adequate. Usually, the peripheral access is by the ulnar fossavein. However, the external jugular vein could also be an option in patients where the ulnar vein does not provide adequate blood flow, a possibility still very little explored in this context. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of collecting CPHs through the external jugular vein in patients who do not have access through the ulnar fossa vein. Methods: It is an observational cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection through the analysis of the medical records filed at the Barretos Cancer Hospital. The sample consisted of 26 individuals; 13 (50%) of the participants had external jugular vein puncture and the other 13 (50%) were randomly extracted from a set of 913 patients who had ulnar fossa vein puncture to numerical equilibrium of the samples from 2007 to 2014. Results: Of the 26 participants in the study, 19 (76.9%) were male and 7 (23.1%) were female. Among the diseases, myeloma was the most prevalent; there was no difference in diagnosis between the two groups of ulnar and jugular fossa. The mean CD34 + cells collected in the cubital fossa group and in the jugular group were 10.0 x 106/kg and 5.1 x 106/kg, respectively (p=0.20). The blood volumes processed were 4.2 and 4.4 for the jugular fossa group (p=0.12). The mean blood aspiration flow was 69 ± 17 mL/min and 62 ± 17 mL/min (p=0.29). Conclusion: there is viability of the collection of CPHs by external jugular vein
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Hlavačková, Kristýna. "Molekulární identifikace flebotomů." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337146.
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This diploma thesis is focused on species identification of sand flies belonging to two genera of the subfamily Phlebotominae, genus Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. Genus Phlebotomus together with the genus Lutzomyia of New World include the only proven vectors of Leishmania parasites and they are also carriers of viral and bacterial infections. Species of the genus Sergentomyia are proven vectors of sister genus Sauroleishmania that infects reptiles, but for several decades there have been speculations about their possible involvement in the transmission of mammalian Leishmania species. These suspicions arise mainly from repeated findings of mammalian Leishmania parasites in their digestive system. Correct species determination of medically significant hematophagous arthropods is very important especially for purposes of epidemiological studies so that efficient vector control may be correctly set. Routine identification of sand flies is based on morphological characters located mainly on their heads and genitalia. However, these characters may be variable within a species, they require certain expertise and in the field samples they may be damaged, making proper species identification impossible. This thesis therefore presents two alternatives of sand fly identification based on molecular...
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Brotánková, Anna. "Trypanosomy skupiny T. theileri u kopytníků v České republice." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436114.
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The Trypanosoma theileri group are blood parasites of ungulates. Confirmed vectors of these protists are horseflies or sheep keds for T. melophagium, but these trypanosomes were also detected in deer keds, mosquitoes and phlebotomus. We targeted on the investigation of possibility mosquitoes acting as vectors and additionally we targeted on the prevalence of T. theileri in mosquitoes at selected locations in the Czech Republic due to previous positive detection there. The measured prevalence has reached 6,4 % in mosquitoes, 4 % in deer keds and 16,7 % in sheep keds. The aim of experimental infections was to discover a potential of mosquitoes and phlebotomus acting as vectors of the T. theileri. Phlebotomus perniciosus and three species of mosquitoes Culex pipiens molestus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes vexans were used for those experiments. Furthermore, isolates of T. theileri and T. melophagium from different sources were used. The divergence among these isolates and among used species of insect was found. The best results were achieved with Ae. aegypti and isolates from mosquitoes, where prevalence had reached 90,8 %. The infected mosquitoes were used for prediuresis research which had shown infection forms of the trypanosomes in the urine liquid. The phylogenetic analyse of T....
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Lantová, Lucie. "Gregariny parazitující u flebotomů." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446924.
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Pohanková, Lucia. "Protilátková odpověď na sliny flebotomů." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332143.
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Leishmaniasis is protozoan diseases, which is transport into the host during the feeding of sand fly. During the feeding of infected sand flies not only the leishmania but also the sand fly saliva are inoculated into the hosts. Sand fly saliva can strongly affect the response of the immune system. If the host hadn't met sand fly saliva yet, the course of infection is usually worse. In cutaneous leishmaniasis, the lesions developed early, being more destructive and perstiting longer, if not healed. The hosts living in endemic areas of leishmaniasis and the vector hosts are often exposed to feeding uninfected sand flies. To hosts are repeatedly inoculated the sand fly saliva antigen and induced specific cellular and antibody responses. Cellular and antibody responses are different for different hosts, attempts were made most frequently in murine and canine models. In humans, as host sis it difficult to monitor development leishamnia infectipon after previous exposure, that's why in humans mainly it is monitors the levels of antibodies, according to which we can determine the extent of sand fly bited and the risk of transmission of leishmaniasis. The specifity of immune responses against sand fly saliva is important for the testing new type of controlling and healing programs against sand fly and...
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Pavlasová, Michaela. "Vývoj pohlavních znaků u flebotomů." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337682.
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Thesis is focused on study of phlebotomus generative attributes development and body dimension influence for some determinant notes therefore is divided into two thema parts. First thematic part of thesis is heeding to rotation of outer genitalia of chosen phlebotomus subgenus males and their representatives: Adlerius (Phlebotomus arabicus), Larroussius (Phlebotomus orientalis and Phlebotomus tobbi), Euphlebotomus (Phlebotomus argentipes), Paraphlebotomus (Phlebotomus sergenti), Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus papatasi), Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia longipalpis) and Sergentomyia (Sergentomyia schwetzi). In this parts was discovered and compared time of station of genitalia for chosen subgenera. Also the time from emergence of adults to rotation and rotation time dependence on adults daytime eclosion was measured. Times of rotation time duration including that of times from rotation beggining were at subgenuses expressively different, from S. schwetzi with the shortest rotation time of 12 hours to P. sergenti with the longest with average time rotation of 32 hours. Further were compared rotations of two genuses within subgenus Larroussius: P. orientalis a P. tobbi. Here also were each rotation times expressively different that do not validate the rotation should be specific for given subgenus. Observed was also...
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Vlková, Michaela. "Protilátková odpověď hostitele na pobodání flebotomy." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-274375.
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Jančářová, Magdaléna. "Koinfekce leishmanií a gregarin u flebotomů." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321031.
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This thesis consists of two related parts; the first one deals with the effect of gregarines Psychodiella sergenti on susceptibility of sand fly Phlebotomus sergenti to experimental infection of Leishmania tropica. Comparison of the Turkish colony of P. sergenti infected by gregarines (TRG) and the Israeli colony noninfected by gregarines (IS) revealed significantly higher intensity of L. tropica infection in TRG colony on days 2 and 10 after the infective bloodmeal. In addition, in TRG colony leishmania promastigotes significantly faster colonised the stomodeal valve. However, these differences seems to be caused not due to the presence of gregarines but due to intraspecific genetic variability of P. sergenti or different composition of gut microbiota in both colonies. In two colonies of P. sergenti originally from Israel, one infected by gregarines (ISG) and the second noninfected (IS), no significant difference was found. ISG and IS colonies did not differ in the percentage of infected females, the intensity of infection and the localization of L. tropica promastigotes. In the second part of my thesis, degenerated primers designed on the basis of sequences of immune molecules of Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis and subsequent cloning of products by means of pGEM®-T Easy Vector...
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Grešová, Markéta. "Molekulární taxonomie flebotomů (Diptera: Psychodidae) v Evropě." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392928.
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Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) are small blood sucking insects which are only proven vectors of neglected tropical disease called leishmaniasis. Sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus act as vectors in the Old World and those of genus Lutzomyia are vectors in the New World. However, not all of them are capable of transmitting the disease. It is therefore crutial to conclusively determinate the species and have up-to-date knowledge of their natural occurence. Routine identification based on morphological characters is challenging due to intraspecific variability of these or their possible damage during the capture and preparation. In adition, correct assessment of distinctive cahracters, especially for females, is difficult and requires certain expertise. Thus, approaches of molecular taxonomy have been recently increasingly used for sand flies species determination. This thesis presents usage of DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF protein profiling for routine determination of sand flies caught in southeastern Europe and adjacent regions, where we have lack of information of present sand flies species. Another part of this thesis focus on closer examination of relations between selected closely related species within species complexes. Key words: Phlebotomus, molacular identification, DNA...
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Sovová, Kristina. "Bakterie rodu Asaia a Wolbachia u flebotomů." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434126.
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Phlebotomine sand flies are proven vectors of many pathogens including parasites of genus Leishmania. Leishmania develop in sand fly midgut which is colonized also by many others microorganisms, creating rich community known as gut microbiota. The presence and composition of gut microbiota affect sand fly mortality, but also development of transmitted pathogens. In contrast to mosquitoes, sand fly gut microbiota is not well studied. This thesis focuses on bacteria of the genera Asaia and Wolbachia and their potential impact on Leishmania in sand fly midgut. Thesis reports the first finding of Asaia sp. and Wolbachia sp. in sand flies from Balkan penninsula - hotspot for visceral leishmaniasis and phleboviruses. In 273 individuals from subgenera Larroussius were Asaia sp. and Wolbachia sp. detected with infection prevalence 2,5 % and 8,4 %, respectively. In addition, laboratory-reared sand flies were tested for presence of these bacteria: from twelve studied colonies, only Phlebotomus perniciosus was infected by Wolbachia sp. Then, we focussed on elimination of Wolbachia sp. from this laboratory colony with the aim to use Wolbachia-negative sand flies in future experiments with Leishmania. The final part of the thesis was dedicated to bacteria of the genus Asaia (specifically A. krungthepensis),...
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Drahota, Jan. "Specifita imunitní odpovědi hostitele na poštípání flebotomy." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-281636.
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Vlková, Michaela. "Proteiny slin flebotomů a imunitní aspekty přenosu leishmaniózy." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329265.
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Sand flies serve as the vectors of leishmaniasis and their saliva was shown to affect the outcome of Leishmania infection by immunomodulation of the host. On the other hand, sand fly saliva contains a large scale of farmacologically active proteins that are strongly immunogenous for bitten hosts and specific anti-saliva immunity initiated by repeated sand fly feeding provides protection against Leishmania infection. Specific cell-mediated immunity was shown to be the core of the protectivity; however, our data suggests that the protective immunity has certain limitations. In mice bitten by sand flies for prolonged periods, we observed the desenzitization in term of abrogation of the protective immunity. Thus, we can speculate that the protective effect of immunity is linked solely with the short-term exposure. Nevertheless, our experiments showed that this aspect is also conditioned by the immediate infection after the protective short-term immunization. Taken together, it seems that these limitations may explain the circulation of leishmaniasis in endemic areas, even though humans and animals are frequently immunized by bites of uninfected sand flies. Repeated sand fly feeding on various hosts also promotes production of anti-saliva antibodies that reflect the intensity of exposure. We...
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Polanská, Nikola. "Vlastnosti slinných proteinů flebotomů rodu Sergentomyia a Phlebotomus." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434643.
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Sand flies (Diptera, Phlebotominae) are small biting insects and vectors of Leishmania spp. which cause medically and veterinary important disease - leishmaniasis. During the piercing of the host skin, sand fly females inject saliva to facilitate the blood feeding. The sand fly saliva is composed of many bioactive molecules which were shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-haemostatic functions. The saliva affects host's immunity in the bite site and consequently enhances the survival and development of transmitted pathogens. Most of the studies focus on salivary proteins and enzymes of sand flies belonging to Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia genera, while salivary proteins from sand flies of the third genus Sergentomyia were neglected so far. In this thesis we focused on comparison of salivary proteins from two Phlebotomus species, namely Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus orientalis, and Sergentomyia schwetzi. These sand fly species differ not only by the ecology and geographical distribution but also by host preferences. Both Phlebotomus species prefer large or medium-size mammals as the bloodmeal source, particularly rabbits, hares and dogs for P. perniciosus and cattle, goats, sheep and humans for P. orientalis. Contrarily, Sergentomyia sand flies are known for preferred feeding on reptiles...
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Leštinová, Tereza. "Buněčná a protilátková imunitní odpověď hostitele na sliny flebotomů." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348961.
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Sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are bloodfeeding insects serving as vectors of Leishmania parasites (Kinetoplastida). Sand flies possess salivary glands with pharmacologically active molecules that provide them with an effective weapon against the host defence and that play an important role in Leishmania infection development. During the bloodfeeding, sand fly saliva is inoculated into the feeding site. Repeated exposures induce saliva-specific immune response, both humoral and cell-mediated. While anti-saliva antibody response correlates with the intensity of exposure and can be used as a marker of exposure, specific cellular immunity provide protection against leishmaniasis in some vector-parasite- host combinations. Sand flies differ in composition of the saliva and thus the elicited immunity is species-specific. This species-specific variability makes difficult the development of one saliva-based vaccine applicable to different Leishmania-vector combinations. However, saliva composition is more conserved among closely-related vector species, which may evoke cross-protection in bitten and subsequently infected hosts. We focused on cross-reactive properties of saliva from Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus duboscqi, the two natural vectors of Leishmania major. We demonstrated that...
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Lantová, Lucie. "Molekulární charakterizace gregarin flebotomů a jejich interakce s hostitelem." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-379609.
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Gregarines (Apicomplexa: Gregarinasina) are monoxenous parasites of invertebrates. Those found in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) used to be considered a single eugregarine genus Ascogregarina. Our phylogenetic analyses of the gregarine SSU rDNA, including newly obtained sequences of three species from sand flies, showed that mosquito and sand fly gregarines are closely related to neogregarines, and most importantly, they form two disparate monophyletic groups. Based on these molecular features, accompanied by biological differences, we established a new genus Psychodiella for the gregarines from sand flies, reserving the genus Ascogregarina for the mosquito gregarines. In the new genus, two new species Psychodiella sergenti from Phlebotomus sergenti and Psychodiella tobbi from Phlebotomus tobbi were described. They differ in the life cycles (sexual development of Ps. sergenti is triggered by a blood meal intake) and morphology of their life stages, mainly oocysts. The susceptibility of five sand fly species to both gregarines showed their strict host specificity, as they were able to fully develop and complete the life cycle only in their natural hosts. The life cycle of Ps. sergenti was studied in detail using various microscopical methods. Oocysts are attached to the...
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Drahota, Jan. "Antigeny ze slin flebotomů a protilátková odpověd pobodaných hostitelů." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332310.
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Leishmaniases are neglected diseases occurring mainly in developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. However, these diseases are also present in Europe and North America and due to climate changes and human activities they spread to higher latitudes and altitudes. In these theses, we review the current information about the spread of leishmaniases, its vectors and reservoirs in Europe. The risk of Leishmania transmission is closely connected with the host-vector contact. Recently, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response to sandfly saliva has been proven as a reliable marker of the host exposure. However, sandfly saliva is a complex mixture of components with different chemical and antigenic properties and it is laborious and expensive to acquire. Therefore, we have focused on preparation of major salivary antigens in the form of recombinant proteins that would be capable to replace the saliva in immunological screenings. We choose two European vectors, Phlebotomus (P.) papatasi and Phlebotomus (P.) perniciosus and identified their major salivary antigens by western blotting and mass spectrometry. We expressed these proteins in the bacterial system and test their antigenicity using ELISA and western blotting with sera of mice and dogs bitten by these sand fly species. The most promising...
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Hrabcová, Luisa. "Vliv imunitní odpovědi hostitele na sání a plodnost flebotomů." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-356063.
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The main aim of this thesis was to prove the hypothesis that the intake of blood with specific antibodies against sand fly saliva affects sand fly fecundity and mortality. Phlebotomus argentipes and Mesocricetus auratus were used for most experiments. ELISA revealed high levels of specific antibodies in repeatedly exposed hosts. However, a five-day study of mortality and fecundity of bloodfed females demonstrated that feeding on repeatedly bitten hamsters has no effect on number of eggs or survival of females. Salivary antigens of P. argentipes recognized by sera of repeatedly bitten hamsters were characterized by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. Immunoblotting showed that antibodies in the hamster sera recognize salivary proteins with molecular weight from 25 to 60 kDa. Mass spectrometry revealed that the antigens correspond to D7, apyrases, antigen 5-related proteins and yellow-related proteins. In addition, Phlebotomus females were fed through a chicken membrane on rabbit blood with high concentrations of histamine, serotonin or prostaglandin E2 to find out if they influence fecundity or mortality of sandfly females. While the approximate number of eggs layed by one female did not significantly differ from controls in any experimental group studied, the total mortality of females was lower...
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Kykalová, Barbora. "Zdroje krve evropských flebotomů (Diptera: Phlebotominae) a metody jejich určování." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404847.
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Leishmaniasis is a dangerous neglected disease with worldwide distribution. It is transmitted exclusively by phlebotomine sand flies. Knowledge of host feeding patterns provides valuable information about the vector/host interaction. Moreover, the identification of host preferences can help to design effective protective measures. Over the years, many methods were adapted for this purpose. Nowadays, serological methods and DNA-based approaches in many variants are the most common ones. Markers of choice for sequencing analyses are mitochondrial genes, especially cytochrome B. Novel methods for host identification in sand flies are based on protein analysis. The method of peptide mass mapping was successfully tested and presented. This thesis presents results of blood meal identification in laboratory-reared female sand flies as well as specimens collected in the field surveys of different Balkan countries. It compares basic identification method, sequencing analysis, based on two different gene markers (cytochrome B, prepronociceptin) and two other DNA based methods, multiplex PCR and RFLP. It also presents use of peptide mass mapping, an inovative method of, mass spektrometry, and compares this approach with traditional DNA-based methods. Key words: Phlebotomus; host identification; DNA-based...
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Chajbullinová, Alsu. "Fylogenetická analýza flebotomů rodu Phlebotomus a vývoj leishmanií v přenašeči." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312799.
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In the Mediterranean region P. neglectus is a proven vector of Leishmania infantum and P. syriacus is a probable vector. This two species belong to Phlebotomus (Larroussius) major complex. Different populations of P. neglectus and P. syriacus from localities in Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Hungary, Greece and the island of Crete, the Crimean peninsula, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel were studied by sequencing analysis of nuclear (EF-1α) and mitochondrial (Cyt b, COI) markers. This study confirmed the general concept of species distribution: P. neglectus is present in the north- central part of the Mediterranean while P. syriacus is attributed to the eastern part. A detailed observations showed a sympatric incidence of P. neglectus and P. syriacus in Turkey and Crete. Specimens retained from Crimean localities were studied with respect to previously described P. major krimensis subspecies, endemit of Crimean peninsula. Acording a mitochondrial marker (Cyt b) can be postulatet, that P. major krimensis distribution is vaster and reache into Turkey. Excepting P. neglectus and P. syriacus the presence of third distinguishable groupe of "P. cretensis "were observed in Crete. Morphometric analyses of this species show, that proper identification of these species is notoriously difficult....
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Pružinová, Kateřina. "Trávení krve u flebotomů a jeho vliv na vývoj leishmanií." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310828.
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Leishmania development in their vectors is closely connected with bloodmeal digestion. This thesis focuses on factors affecting bloodmeal digestion, egg development and Leishmania infection within the sand fly gut. First, we compared the effect of mammalian (rabbit) and avian (chicken) blood on digestion and eggs development in Phlebotomus duboscqi. Sand flies fed on chickens had twice lower protein concentrations in the midgut and significantly lower trypsin activity compared to those fed on rabbits. The highest differences in the trypsin activity were observed during first 24 hours post bloodmeal. In addition, females fed on chickens had slower eggs development and their eggs were 10 % smaller compared to those fed on rabbits. In the second part of the thesis we tested the effect of mosquito hormone TMOF on the trypsin activity and eggs development of Lutzomyia longipalpis. Rabbit blood with TMOF (28 mg/ml) was presented to the females via a membrane feeding system. Sand flies fed on blood with TMOF had 15 - 35 % less trypsin activity than control females fed on only rabbit blood. In addition, females fed on blood with TMOF had developed 30 % less eggs and their eggs were 12 - 24 % smaller compared to control group. However the effect of TMOF we observed was lower than that described previously...
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Kratochvílová, Tereza. "Role makrofágů v interakci leishmanie - flebotomus - hostitel." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305771.
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Sand flies (order Diptera) are vectors of Leishmania parasites (Trypanosomatida), which are inoculated into the host skin together with the vector saliva. Sand fly saliva plays the important role in the Leishmania transmission; in naive host it supresses the host immune response assisting Leishmania to establish the infection, while in repeatedly bitten host it elicits a protective immune response. The submitted thesis focuses on the effect of sand fly saliva on macrophages, the key cells in the infection control. In the first part of the thesis we established a laboratory model L. major - P. papatasi - Balb/c to describe the protective effect of saliva immunization on Leishmania infection development. Immunized mice were protected against Leishmania infection which was reflected in the ear lesion size, parasite load in the ear dermis and draining lymph nodes but also in cytokine production. On the contrary, produced lower amount of nitric oxide, while arginase activity was comparable with nonimmunized group. The IgG antibodies against saliva served as a marker of exposure to sandflies while IgG antibodies against Leishmania antigens served as a marker of infection severity. The experiments were aimed on the possibility of cross-protectivity in Balb/c mice against L. major between closely related...
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Košťálová, Tatiana. "Protilátky proti slinám flebotomů u domácích zvířat z endemických oblastí viscerální leishmaniózy." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305769.
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The main aim of this thesis was to test sera of domestic animals from endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis in north and northwest Ethiopia for antibodies against presumed vector P. orientalis salivary glands and to clarify behavior of the sand fly and the role of domestic animals in transmission of visceral leishmaniasis. Specific IgG antibodies against P. orientalis saliva were tested in dogs, cattle, goats, sheep and donkeys. Above the cut-off value there was 76 % analyzed dogs, 15 % cattle, 26 % goats, 60 % sheep and 45 % donkeys. Dogs, goats and donkeys revealed significantly higher anti-P. orientalis antibodies compared to control animals. In the case of cattle, goats and donkeys cut-off levels were very high and is questionable if observed results are relevant. Canine sera were screened also for anti-P. orientalis IgG2 and 88% of Ethiopean sera revealed significantly higher IgG2 than control sera. The next aim was to detect if canine sera from Ethiopia with anti-P. orientalis antibodies react with other bloodsucking insect saliva by using immunoblotting method. In saliva of sand fly Sergentomyia schwetzi, which is abundant in Ethiopia, canine sera reacted mostly with 36, 37 and 51 kDa proteins. Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is cosmopolitan species and canine sera most intensely...
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Sumová, Petra. "Glykosylace a antigenní vlastnosti proteinů ze slin flebotomů Phlebotomus perniciosus a P. orientalis." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340884.
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The goal of this study was to map the glycosylation pattern and antigenic properties of the salivary proteins of two closely related sand fly species, Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. orientalis. Affinity blotting with commercially available lectins revealed that many salivary proteins of these species are N-glycosylated, while the presence of O-glycosylation could not be confirmed. The level of N-glycosylation of most of these proteins is quite low, a larger number of potential N-glycosylation sites were found only in the amino acid sequences of P. orientalis hyaluronidase and endonucleases of both species tested. Four antigens from P. perniciosus salivary glands were selected for expression in a bacterial expression system; two of these proteins (PpeSP01 and PpeSP01B) were not glycosylated and the glycosylation level of the remaining two (PpeSP03B and PpeSP07) was low. The antigenic properties of the four chosen recombinant proteins were subsequently tested using immunoblot and ELISA. During the initial experiments with the sera of dogs experimentally bitten by P. perniciosus, two proteins (rSP07 and rSP01B) were proven unsuitable and they were excluded from further experiments. Recombinant proteins rSP03B and rSP01 were recognized by the same IgG antibodies as the native forms of these proteins...
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Hrnčířová, Kateřina. "Role hlodavců rodu Arvicanthis jako rezervoárů Leishmania major: xenodiagnostika a experimentální infekce flebotomy." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368393.
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A cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common clinical form of human disease caused by parasite of the genus Leishmania. They are transmitted between the hosts by haematophagous females of dipteran sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World and Lutzomyia in the New World. One of the major agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World is Leishmania major. The disease caused by this species is a zoonosis where rodents act as reservoir host. The parasite long time circulates between reservoir rodents and sand flies, while humans are infected only accidentaly in the focus of infection. Rodents of the genus Arvicanthis belongs to the most abundant in the African continent. The genus has evolved in Ethiopia from where it expanded to a major part of Sub - Saharan Africa and the delta of the river Nile. These rodents are very abundant in endemic locations of cutaneous and visceral leishmanias and fulfil many reservoir host criterias including repeated field findings of individuals infected by L. major and another Leishmania species in nature. However, their role in the disease cycle remains to be confirmed. A. neumanni used in this study is an East African species spread from Ethiopia and Somalia to Kenya and Tanzania. Animals were experimentally infected with three different L. major...
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Willen, Laura Adrienne André. "Vývoj nových metod pro studium expozice hostitelů vůči flebotomům." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394253.
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In the Mediterranean basin, human visceral leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum is a zoonotic disease that gives rise to 1,200 to 2,000 new cases annually. The domestic dog constitutes its main reservoir, of which some may suffer from a severe chronic disease, canine leishmaniasis (CanL). The sand fly Phlebotomus perniciosus is considered to be the principle vector. Saliva of bloodfeeding vectors of diseases has been used in the past to assess host exposure to vector bites and to evaluate vector control tools. This Ph.D. focused on saliva of P. perniciosus to identify exposure markers that could be used in the preparation of a new vector exposure tool. The first part of this Ph.D. aimed at validating the use of a recombinant salivary protein of P. perniciosus - rSP03B - in endemic settings of CanL. During a cross-sectional study, no significant differences between the antibody (Ab) response against whole saliva or the rSP03B were observed between different regions across the Mediterranean basin. Furthermore, the rSP03B was shown to resemble the native protein. During a subsequent study this protein was used to assess the seasonal dynamics of the canine Ab response to P. perniciosus in an endemic area of L. infantum. This study elucidated that also in a heterogeneous...
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Svárovská, Anna. "Střevní proteázy flebotomů, proteázové inhibitory leishmanií a jejich vliv na vývoj parazita v přenašeči." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374379.
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Dostálová, Anna. "Přichycení leishmanií ve střevě permisivních přenašečů a role střevních proteinů flebotomů v interakci parazit-přenašeč." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-299603.
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of PhD thesis "Leishmania attachment in permissive vectors and the role of sand fly midgut proteins in parasite-vector interaction" Anna Dostalova, MSc. The thesis focuses on the development of protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania in their insect vectors, sand flies. It sums up results of three projects I was involved in during my PhD studies. Main emphasis was put on permissive sand fly species that support development of various species of Leishmania. Using a novel method of binding of fluorescently labeled leishmania promastigotes to the midguts in vitro, we studied the stage- and species-specificity of the binding. We demonstrated that Leishmania midgut binding is strictly stage-dependent, is a property of forms found in the middle phase of development (long and short nectomonad forms), but is absent in early forms occurring in within the blood meal, procyclics, and in final stages, metacyclics. Comparing the binding of several leishmania species, we showed the natural parasite is not necessarily the species that can always bind in vitro most efficiently to the midgut of its vector. In some cases, we even observed significant binding of Leishmania species that do not survive in the midgut of the particular sand fly species in vivo. We conclude that the specificity of in vitro binding...
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Homola, Miroslav. "Srovnání peritrofické matrix u čtyř druhů flebotomů (Diptera: Psychodidae) a její role ve vývoji leishmanií (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-356061.
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anglický Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the only proven vectors of Leishmania parasites (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). In Nematoceran Diptera, including sand flies, adults produce a type 1 peritrophic matrix (PM) which is secreted in response to the distension of the midgut caused by blood meal. The PM is an acellular envelope composed of chitin fibres and proteins, which protects the midgut epithelium against abrasion and pathogens and improves digestion. In hematophagous insects, the PM also plays a central role in heme detoxification. Female sand flies acquire Leishmania with a bloodmeal and the parasites undergo complicated development in their gut finished by the colonization of the stomodeal valve. The PM is one of the most important barriers in Leishmania development and its role in the vector competence of the S. schwetzi is the main topic of this master thesis. The PM's kinetic and morfology in the S. schwetzi is compared with other three sand fly species which differ in susceptibility to L. donovani. The key role of the PM in S. schwetzi vector competence is finally proved by disrupting the PM using the exogenous chitinase from Beauveria bassiana. Under these artificial conditions, the Leishmania parasites (L. donovani and L. major) are able to exit the PM,...
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Szelag, Enrique Alejandro. "Ecología de Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) y su relación con la transmisión de Leishmaniasis en zonas urbanas y rurales de la región del Chaco húmedo, Chaco, Argentina." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/12762.
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Tesis (Grado Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Lugar de Trabajo: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical. Centro Nacional de Diagnostico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias . Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Resistencia. Chaco. Argentina- 2015 - 138 h. + CD. ils.; maps.; grafs.; tabls. Contiene Referencia Bibliográfica y Publicaciones Derivadas de la Tesis. Abstract en español e inglés.La Leishmaniasis es producida por un protozoario del genero Leishmania y transmitida por un insecto de la Sub-familia Phlebotominae. Es considerada endémica en provincias del norte de Argentina. Este trabajo tiene por objeto identificar la variación espacio-temporal de la abundancia y diversidad de Phlebotominae y su relación a la transmisión de la enfermedad en la región Chaqueña Oriental. Se desarrollaron capturas con trampas de luz,en ambientes con distinto grado de modificación antrópica, comparando distintas escalas de análisis espacial. Se registraron 12 especies de Phlebotominae, siendo Nyssomyia neivai la especie predominante en los ambientes estudiados; se observó que las especies pueden mostrar variación en su abundancia y distribución en todas las escalas a lo largo del año. Se determinó que los ambientes urbanos presentan la menor abundancia y riqueza especifica; los ambientes rurales con mayor modificación antrópica presentan mayor abundancia de vectores y menor diversidad. La correlación con factores meteorológicos mostró que la temperatura podría ser un factor crítico limitante de la abundancia de poblaciones. En conclusión, la presencia de especies incriminadas en la transmisión de la Leishmaniasis en ambientes próximos al domicilio y su aumento de abundancia durante meses cálidos,templados, significaría un factor de riesgo para la transmisión de Leishmaniasis en la región.
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Martín, Mía Elisa. "Efecto de las coberturas del paisaje sobre la abundancia espacio-temporal de Lutzomyia longipalpis y Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) en la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina." Bachelor's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/11480.
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Tesina (Grado en Ciencias Biológicas)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Lugar de Trabajo: Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, IIBYT-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba. 2019.
63 h. con Anexo. ils.; tabls.; grafs. Contiene Referencia Bibliográfica.La Leishmaniasis es una enfermedad que afecta entre 700.000 a un millón de nuevas personas cada año, muchas de ellas pertenecientes a la población de Argentina. En este país, la enfermedad está presente en 14 provincias entre ellas la provincia de Corrientes. Esta enfermedad es transmitida por hembras de flebótomos ( Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae ), particularmente Lutzomyi longipalpis y Migonemyia migonei presentan importancia sanitaria en el país, y ya se ha informa do su presencia en la Ciudad de Corrientes.Debido a ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la asociación entre las coberturas del paisaje con la abundancia de las especies de flebótomos de importancia sanitaria. Se seleccionaron 8 sitios de muestreo donde se colocaron trampas tipo CDC suplementadas con CO2, durante marzo de 2012 y marzo de 2014 en la Ciudad de Corrientes. Con el propósito de identificar las cober turas del paisaje, 6 imágenes satelitales SPOT-5 fueron clasificadas por el método supervisado. A su vez, se calculó el Índice Normalizado de Diferencia de Vegetación (NDVI) y el Índice Normalizado de Diferencia de Agua (NDWI), se estimaron estructura de la comunidad se estimó mediante análisis descriptivos, el índice de Shannon-Wiener, y el índice de Simpson. Se consideraron las dos especies más abundantes (Lu. longipalpis y Mi.migonei)y se analizó el efecto de las variables explicativas en relación con abundancia de las mismas mediante modelos lineales generaliza dos (GLM). Un total de 1.029 flebótomos de 7 especies fueron capturados, de los cuales el 79,11% fueron Lu. longipalpis y 11,47% Mi. migonei. Espacialmente, la riqueza de especie fue mayor en los Sitio 3 y 4, con menor porcentaje de cobertura urbana, y a su vez, en el Sitio 4 el índice de Shannon-Wiener fue mayor y el índice de Simpson menor. Temporalmente, la riqueza específica fue más elevada en otoño de 2012, seguido por el verano del mismo año y más baja en el invierno de 2012, y la primavera de 2013. El índice de Shannon-Wiener fue mayor y el índice de Simpson menor en el verano de 2012. Los GLMs mostraron la importancia de la interacción entre la cobertura arbórea y el NDWI, y de la cobertura urbana en la variación temporal de Lu. longipalpis, lo que podría deberse a la adaptación de esta especie al contexto urbanizado,encontrando refugio y alimento en áreas de centros urbanos. Respecto a Mi. migonei se encontró la mayor asociación con el NDVI, sugiriendo el papel protagónico de la vegetación en el ciclo de vida del vector. Esto contribuiría al mejor conocimiento de la biología del vector aportando herramientas útiles para la prevención, manejo y control de estos organismos.
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Hrobáriková, Veronika. "Vývoj leishmanií z komplexu L.donovani v různých přenašečích." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329260.
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This thesis focuses on the development of protozoan parasites from Leishmania donovani complex in their insect vectors and summarizes results of five parts of the project I participated in during my Ph.D. studies. Sand flies of genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the only proven vectors of leishmaniasis, however, the role of alternative vectors, like ticks, fleas and biting midges is frequently discussed in the literature. In this work, we showed that Eurasian species of biting midge Culicoides nubeculosus does not support late stage infections of L. major and L. infantum. We also demonstrated that microscopical observation of Leishmania promastigotes in the digestive tract of bloodfeeding arthropods remains a crucial method for any conclusion about the vector competence of the suspected insect. In the second part of our study were compared the life-cycle parameters and vector competence of two Ethiopian P. orientalis colonies for L. donovani. Marked differences between colonies were found in life-cycle parametes, however, molecular analyses did not reveal any genetic differences. Experimental infections showed that both P. orientalis colonies are very susceptible to L. donovani infection and even the lowest infective dose tested (2 × 103 promastigotes/ml; corresponding to 1-2 promastigotes) was...
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Simões, Natacha Maria Vinhas. "Lean thinking in healthcare phlebotomy services: a case study." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/14601.
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JEL classification system: M110 – Business Administration: Production management; I100
Health: GeneralLean Thinking arises as a solution to address the rising costs of healthcare. This dissertation aims to evaluate the potential of applying Lean tools to healthcare phlebotomy services. Furthermore, a theoretical framework is provided in order to support the present research. Case study’s methodology is applied to the phlebotomy service of a private and a public hospital of Lisbon where direct observation and informal interviews are performed to internal and external customers. Value stream mapping, process activity mapping, spaghetti diagram and time value map are applied to the core process of a phlebotomy service: blood collection. Healthcare customers are identified and their perception of value is revealed. Waste is identified using the selected tool, recognised in the methodology, and improvement suggestions are proposed. The outcome of this research shows that the application of Lean thinking can convey possible gains to healthcare phlebotomy services if improvement suggestions are implemented, as the process would become more precise and reduce the total cycle time benefiting internal and external customers, increasing process efficiency. Considering the elimination of waste in the blood collection process, median total time’s reduction is expected to be by 47% for Lusíadas Hospital and 37% for São Francisco Xavier Hospital, in addition to reducing the median wasteful time by 54% and 46%, respectively, and the reduction of the distance covered by phlebotomists, receptionists and technical staff involved.
Lean Thinking surge como uma solução para lidar com o aumento dos custos em saúde. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial de aplicação de ferramentas Lean aos serviços de flebotomia (colheita de sangue) em saúde, sendo fornecido suporte teórico para apoiar a presente pesquisa. A metodologia do estudo de caso é aplicada ao serviço de flebotomia de um hospital privado e de um hospital público de Lisboa, onde observações diretas e entrevistas informais são realizadas a clientes internos e externos. Value stream mapping, process activity mapping, spaghetti diagram e time value map são aplicados ao processo central de um serviço de flebotomia. Os clientes de saúde são identificados e a sua perceção do valor é revelada. Os desperdícios são identificados pela ferramenta selecionada, presente na metodologia, e sugestões de melhoria são propostas. O resultado desta dissertação revela que a aplicação do pensamento Lean pode trazer possíveis ganhos aos serviços de flebotomia se as sugestões de melhoria forem implementadas. O processo tornar-se-á mais preciso e reduzirá o seu tempo total beneficiando clientes internos e externos, aumentando a eficiência do processo. Considerando a eliminação de desperdícios no processo de colheita de sangue, espera se que a redução da mediana do tempo total seja de 47% para o Hospital Lusíadas e 37% para o Hospital São Francisco Xavier (SFX), além da redução da mediana do tempo de desperdício em 54% e 46%, respetivamente, e a redução da distância percorrida pela equipa técnica envolvida.