Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flex engine

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Academic literature on the topic 'Flex engine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Flex engine"

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Machado, Guilherme Bastos, Tadeu C. Cordeiro de Melo, and Arthur C. de Albuquerque Fonseca Candido. "Flex-fuel engine: Influence of ethanol content on power and efficiencies." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419833257.

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Gasoline is a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons, with a wide spectrum of constituents. Surrogate fuels have a reduced number of chemical components and therefore are used to model commercial fuels and enhance the understanding of fuel behavior in internal combustion engines. Surrogates also allow better fuel property control. In previous work, a surrogate fuel blend of iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene and ethanol was found to be suitable for commercial, high-octane, oxygenated Brazilian gasoline. This article investigates the influence on a Flex-fuel engine power and efficiencies of different ethanol levels in this surrogate fuel blend. The study found some different trends when comparing to other works in the literature. This article intends to make contributions presenting more detailed analyses of how fuel properties can influence several Flex-fuel engine performance parameters.
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Polovinka, E. M., I. N. Tabulinskiy, and P. S. Muradyan. "RESEARCH OF STARTING MODES OF THE RT-FLEX ENGINE." Ship power plant 41 (November 5, 2020): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/smf341.2020.117-124.

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Starting modes are one of the most critical in the operation of marine diesel engines. Under the unsteady conditions of the flow of working processes, it is difficult to ensure their quality indicators. Of particular importance is the reliability in maneuvering. The foregoing relates, first of all, to fuel injection, which determines to a large extent the combustion process and all the operational characteristics of a diesel engine. Typical start-ups are the first fuel supply cycles [1], presented in Fig. 1 by the oscillograms of the nozzle needle movement. An oscillatory process is observed, accompanied by a partial rise of the needle. This increases the duration of injection, and an incomplete rise leads to a throttling of the fuel flow in the section under the needle. The atomization pressure decreases, the conditions of mixture formation deteriorate, which, along with the low parameters of the air charge, adversely affects the characteristics of the working process up to skipping the ignition.
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MAŃCZAK, Jacek. "RT-flex 60C Marine Diesel Engine." Combustion Engines 118, no. 1 (May 1, 2004): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117420.

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Fundamental design issues for the new Sulzer RTA60C engine currently introduced by Wärtsila to the ship newbuilding market, the concept of electronic control – the RT-flex control applied on the mentioned engine – for fuel injection and exhaust valve actuation as well as the sequence of starting the two-stoke engine are covered in the present article1) .
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Harris, M. M., D. N. Marsh, E. A. Vos, and E. Durkin. "Flex Cycle Combustor Development and Demonstration." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906852.

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An innovative, “flex-cycle” combustion system has been developed for the Garrett Model 400-1 Integrated Power Unit (IPU), a 425 shp (317 kW) gas turbine engine designed for use on future fighter aircraft. Demonstration of this system required real-time transient operation of the combustor in a full-scale test rig. The transient testing was unique, having been performed with an electronic control, which modulated all combustor operating parameters according to programmed engine component maps, drag curves, fuel schedules, and selected ambient test conditions. The axially injected annular combustor is capable of engine starts in two seconds, as well as producing 200 shp (149 kW) for emergency use at all altitudes up to 50,000 ft (15,240 m). The combustion system is capable of switching operation from the emergency power stored energy (SE) mode to the normal-air breathing (NAB) auxiliary power mode without loss of engine power. The flex-cycle combustor supplies emergency power in the SE mode with a temperature rise of 2200°F (1222°C) and in the NAB mode with a temperature rise of 1600°F (889°C). Specific features that make these requirements possible include air-assisted simplex airblast fuel atomizers with integral check valves, and effusion-cooled combustor liner walls. This paper describes the flex-cycle combustion system design, test methods used, and significant test results. Steady-state performance, in both the SE and NAB operating modes, and real-time transient test results are discussed. The transient testing included rapid starts as well as transitions from the SE to NAB operating regimes.
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Takimoto, Takahiro. "Vibration Measures of RT-flex and W-X Engine." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 50, no. 2 (2015): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.50.153.

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Yoo, Junsang, Taeyong Lee, Pyungsik Go, Yongseok Cho, Kwangsoon Choi, and Youngjoon Park. "An experimental study on optimal spark timing control for improved performance of a flex fuel vehicle engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 5 (August 17, 2019): 1294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019869773.

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In the American continent, the most frequently used alternative fuel is ethanol. Especially in Brazil, various blends of gasoline–ethanol fuels are widely spread. The vehicle using blended fuel is called flexible fuel vehicle. Because of several selections for the blending ratios in gas stations, the fuel properties may vary after refueling depending on a driver’s selection. Also, the combustion characteristics of the flexible fuel vehicle engine may change. In order to respond to the flexible fuel vehicle market in Brazil, a study on blended fuels is performed. The main purpose of this study is to enhance performance of the flexible fuel vehicle engine to target Brazilian market. Therefore, we investigated combustion characteristics and optimal spark timings of the blended fuels with various blending ratios to improve the performance of the flexible fuel vehicle engine. As a tool for prediction of the optimal spark timing for the 1.6L flexible fuel vehicle engine, the empirical equation was suggested. The validity of the equation was investigated by comparing the predicted optimal spark timings with the stock spark timings through engine tests. When the stock spark timings of E0 and E100 were optimal, the empirical equation predicted the actual optimal spark timings for blended fuels with a good accuracy. In all conditions, by optimizing spark timing control, performance was improved. Especially, torque improvements of E30 and E50 fuels were 5.4% and 1.8%, respectively, without affecting combustion stability. From these results, it was concluded that the linear interpolation method is not suitable for flexible fuel vehicle engine control. Instead of linear interpolation method, optimal spark timing which reflects specific octane numbers of gasoline–ethanol blended fuels should be applied to maximize performance of the flexible fuel vehicle engine. The results of this study are expected to save the effort required for engine calibration when developing new flexible fuel vehicle engines and to be used as a basic strategy to improve the performance of other flexible fuel vehicle engines.
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Marques, Daniela O., Lúcio S. F. Trevizan, Isabella M. F. Oliveira, Omar Seye, and Ramon E. P. Silva. "Combustion assessment of an ethanol/gasoline flex-fuel engine." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 39, no. 4 (July 29, 2016): 1079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40430-016-0609-4.

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OHKUBO, Norio, and Shigemitsu HOSOKAWA. "Electronically Controlled Sulzer Diesel Engine RT-flex with Common Rail Technology." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2002.8 (2002): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2002.8.271.

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Wang, Yong Jian, Jing Feng Chen, and Si Qin Li. "Fuel Common Rail Injection System of RT-Flex Marine Intelligent Diesel Engine and its Simulation Dynamic Model." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.23.

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Based on comprehensively analyzing the whole structure and its working performance of RT-Flex marine intelligence diesel engine and entirely mastering this kind of engine fuel common rail injection system’s composition, working principle, taking 7RT-Flex60C as simulation object, the mathematical models of this system’s composing part are designed, by using Matlab/Simulink simulation tool, fuel common rail injection system simulation model is set up, then comparing with the simulation data with rack test data, the accuracy and effectiveness of the model are test and verified. The built up model provides a convenient and practical method for design, optimizing and simulation of fuel common rail injection system.
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Dos Reis, Silvio Rodrigo, and Elaine Aparecida Da Silva. "Motores Elétricos Flex a Etanol: uma nova Era no Setor Automotivo Mundial." Revista de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia 12, no. 12 (February 22, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1890-1793.2017v12n12p45-48.

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O conceito de motores elétricos está inserido na sociedade desde meados do século XIX. O advento do petróleo e a maior eficiência do motor a combustão interna a gasolina fez com que o desenvolvimento dos elétricos permanecesse adormecido por várias décadas. Ressurgiu este conceito após a conscientização mundial sobre problemas de poluição ambiental, que os motores a combustão, movidos com petróleo e derivados trouxeram ao longo dos anos, originando a introdução de políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável, que visa eliminar a circulação de veículos com motores a combustão interna pelos países europeus nos próximos anos. Fontes alternativas de energia, como o etanol, auxilia na propulsão do motor elétrico, cuja eficiência fica comprometida em longas distâncias e em veículos de médio e grande porte. O motor elétrico híbrido flex a etanol é uma alternativa eficaz para atender aos padrões atuais de consumo, já que há muito tempo se tem o motor a combustão interna a etanol eficiente, bem como auxiliar a falta de oferta de uma ampla rede de reabastecimento de baterias elétricas, possibilitando que o consumidor possa realizar suas atividades diárias sem a preocupação com a falta de disponibilidade de eletropostos em algumas cidades do território nacional.Palavras-chave: Motor. Elétrico. Etanol. Automóveis. Híbrido.AbstractThe electric motors concept has been inserted in the society since the mid-nineteenth century. The oil advent and the internal gasoline-fueled engine increased efficiency meant that the electric cars development had remained dormant for several decades. This concept emerged after global awareness of the environmental pollution problems caused by oil-derived combustion engines, which led to the introduction of sustainable development policies to eliminate the vehicles circulation with internal combustion engines by European countries in the next years. Alternative energy sources, such as ethanol, help propel the electric motor, whose efficiency is compromised over long distances and in medium and large vehicles. The ethanol-flex hybrid electric motor is an effective alternative to meet current consumption standards, since the engine has long been the fuel-efficient domestic ethanol, as well as adi the lack of supply of a wide network of battery replenishment making it possible for the consumer to carry out his or her daily activities without worrying about the lack of electricity availability in some cities of the national territory.Keywords: Motor. Electric. Ethanol. Automobiles. Hybrid.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flex engine"

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Silva, Marcos Henrique Carvalho. "Modelagem de motores a combustão interna com tecnologia FLEX." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-17072018-084552/.

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A modelagem de motores a combustão interna deve grande parte de sua importância ao uso de unidades de controle eletrônicas que buscam gerenciar as funções do motor. De forma a fornecer melhor suporte para o projetista de controle, a modelagem oferece informações que servem de planta, sobre a qual estratégias de controle serão desenvolvidas. Nesta dissertação, procurou-se estudar e modelar cinco fenômenos: a admissão de ar e de combustível, a produção de energia efetiva através da combustão, a evolução térmica do motor e o comportamento dos gases no sistema de exaustão. Investigou-se também, em todos estes fenômenos, a influência do uso de composição variada gasolina/etanol. Na admissão de ar, buscou-se estudar como a abertura da válvula borboleta e a velocidade do motor influenciam no fluxo de ar admitido, ponderando esta grandeza através de um fator de correção denominado eficiência volumétrica. Na admissão de combustível, no caso modelada para motores com injeção indireta na porta, procurou-se explanar quantitativamente sobre os diversos aspectos que influenciam a evaporação do combustível. Na geração de energia útil, priorizou-se a análise de como as características do motor e da combustão afetam a produção de torque. Na evolução térmica do motor, examinaram-se os principais fluxos energéticos do motor e os aspectos que os influenciam. Ademais, foram executadas as validações dos modelos levantados para o motor EA 111 VHT 1.6l. Os resultados, com seus respectivos erros, podem ser encontrados neste trabalho.
The internal combustion engine modeling owes big part of its importance to the use of electronic control units that aim to manage the engine functions. To provide better support to the control designer, the modeling offers information that can compose the plant, on which control strategies will be developed. In this master thesis, it was sought to study and to model five phenomena: the air intake and the fuel admission, the effective energy production from the combustion, the engine thermic evolution and the gas behavior in the exhaust system. It was also considered how the influence of the gasoline/ethanol varied composition affects all these phenomena. In the air intake, it was studied how the butterfly valve opening and the engine speed influence the intake air flow, pondering this variable through a correction factor named volumetric efficiency. In the fuel admission, in the case of this study modelled for port-fuel injection engines, it was attempted to explain quantitatively the many aspects that influence the fuel evaporation. In the mechanical energy generation, it was prioritized the analysis about how the engine and combustion characteristics affect the torque production. In the engine thermic evolution, it was examined the major energy flows and the aspects that influence them. Also, the validations of the models raised for the EA 111 VHT 1.6l engine were executed. The results, with its respective errors, can be found in this work.
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Filho, Dinecio dos Santos. "Alterações metalúrgicas e topográficas do cilindro de bloco de motor de combustão interna flex-fuel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-09022015-163026/.

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O presente estudo descreve as alterações metalúrgicas e topográficas do cilindro de blocos de motor de combustão interna fabricados em ferro fundido cinzento, após a realização de testes de durabilidade em dinamômetro. O motor testado tem tecnologia Flex-Fuel, e pode ser operado com qualquer proporção de mistura gasolina comum/etanol. Um motor foi testado com combustível etanol e o outro com gasolina comum, buscando-se assim representar duas condições extremas de trabalho em termos de combustível. A pesquisa constituiu-se da revisão bibliográfica e da parte prática que envolveu: a realização de testes de durabilidade de motor em dinamômetro; a caracterização metalúrgica e topográfica do cilindro após teste com ambos os combustíveis, utilizando técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, metalografia por microscopia óptica, perfilometria e quantificação de parâmetros de rugosidade, entre outros; a análise crítica, discussão dos resultados e apresentação da conclusão.
The present study approaches the metallurgical and topographical alterations on the cylinder of an internal combustion engine block made of gray cast iron, after durability dynamometer tests. The tested engine has flexible fuel technology (Flex-Fuel), and is capable to work with both gasoline/ethanol fuels, in any mixture proportion. One engine has been tested with ethanol and another one tested with gasoline, and so representing two extreme conditions on which the engine may work in terms of fuel. The research has been developed basically through the conceptual approach by the bibliographic review and the experimental steps that involved: general engine durability test at dynamometer bench; metallurgical and topographic characterization analysis at laboratory, after the test with both fuels, applying Scanning Electronic Microscopy SEM, optical microscopy metallography, profilometer and roughness parameters quantification, and so forth; critical analysis on the results, discussion and final conclusion.
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Hayashida, Paulo Alexandre Pizara. "Desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de controle de detonação para otimização do torque em um motor de combustão interna flex." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-24092018-074932/.

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O presente trabalho aborda o gerenciamento eletrônico de motores de combustão interna flex, com foco no desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de controle do avanço de ignição em função da ocorrência de combustão anormal conhecida como detonação, para se maximizar o torque de saída do motor. Primeiramente, é desenvolvido um método para a medição da composição de combustível e correção dos parâmetros de tempo de injeção e avanço de ignição, através de um sensor de composição de combustível. Tais parâmetros são definidos através de mapas que trabalham como um sistema de malha aberta. Em seguida, é desenvolvido um método para a leitura e detecção de detonação, em que são estudadas as particularidades do fenômeno para diferentes composições de combustível e a sua relação com a variação da temperatura do gás de escape e torque de saída do motor. Através do método de detecção e do estudo do fenômeno, é desenvolvido uma estratégia para controle do avanço de ignição em função da ocorrência da detonação. Esta abordagem permite ao sistema aumentar o avanço quando não há ocorrência de detonação, mas este avanço adicional é cancelado quando ocorre detonação. O gerenciamento do motor é realizado através de uma ECU de desenvolvimento modelo Flex-ECU, as estratégias de gerenciamento são desenvolvidos através da plataforma ASCET e a aquisição de dados e calibração de parâmetros são executados em uma ferramenta de medição e calibração. Os benefícios que o controle do avanço de ignição traz ao torque do motor são analisados e discutidos em função da rotação e da composição de combustível utilizado.
The present investigation explores the electronic management of internal combustion engines flex fuel, in which the focus is the development of a strategy for the spark advance angle as function of the abnormal combustion occurrence known ad Knock, in order to maximize the output torque. First, a method is developed for measuring the fuel composition and correction of the injection time and spark advance angle parameters through a fuel composition sensor. This parameter is defined through maps that work as an open loop system. Then, a method for detection of knock is developed, the peculiarities of the phenomenon are studied for different fuel compositions and the relationship of the phenomenon with the variation of the exhaust gas temperature and the engine output torque. Through the method of detection and the study of the phenomenon, an algorithm is developed to control the spark advance angle due to the knock occurrence, in which the approach allows the system to increase the angle when there is no occurrence of knock, but this additional angle is reduced when knock is detected. Engine management is performed through a development ECU model Flex-ECU, management algorithms are developed through the ASCET platform and data acquisition and calibration of and parameters is performed through a measurement and calibration platform. The result that the spark advance angle control brings to the engine torque output is analyzed and discussed depending on the rotation and the fuel composition used.
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Vazzolér, Luiz Fernando Rigacci 1989. "Trajetórias tecnológicas e política setorial : desafios para o desenvolvimento do veículo flex fuel no Brasil." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286599.

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Orientador: Maria Beatriz Machado Bonacelli
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: Os veículos flex fuel representam cerca de 90% da atual produção de veículos de passeio no Brasil. Historicamente a utilização de etanol como combustível automotivo remete ao início do século XX, em grande escala à década de 1970 com a conformação do Proálcool e, após um período de descrença, o etanol ressurgiu nos anos 2000 com a difusão da tecnologia flex. Este trabalho tem por objetivo central analisar a constituição da tecnologia flex fuel no país e para isso se apoia nos conceitos de paradigmas e trajetórias tecnológicas, os quais permitem compreender o processo evolutivo dos automóveis, seus sistemas de alimentação de combustível e das diversas alternativas à gasolina e ao motor de combustão interna. Ao lado disso, explora-se a história brasileira na utilização de etanol, sobretudo no período recente a partir de entrevistas e, também, em análises de dados sobre as atividades de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação relacionadas à tecnologia flex brasileira e seus desdobramentos, que estão representados em veículos de maior eficiência energética e com menores índices de emissão de poluentes. Por fim, realiza-se uma análise crítica do marco regulatório atual, o qual dá suporte às atividades do setor automobilístico brasileiro, e indica-se possíveis ações de indução à melhoria da tecnologia flex fuel e do uso do etanol como combustível no país. Uma das hipóteses que baseiam o trabalho de pesquisa aponta que a instabilidade relativa do mercado de etanol e a falta de competição entre as montadoras (no que toca o desenvolvimento de motores) limita a demanda tecnológica e provoca desestímulo à busca por maior eficiência ou mesmo por mudanças mais substanciais da tecnologia flex fuel desenvolvida no país. Conclui-se, dentre outros, que a atual legislação brasileira e o marco regulatório não se apresentam como indutores para alterações substantivas à iniciativa do veículo flex fuel, estimulando apenas melhorias incrementais sem tocar mais fortemente na concorrência da indústria, não explorando as oportunidades abertas pela tecnologia flex fuel
Abstract: Flex fuel vehicles represents nearly 90% of the current production of passenger cars in Brazil. Historically the use of ethanol as an automotive fuel refers to the early twentieth century, in large-scale at the 1970s with the beginning of Proálcool (Brazilian Ethanol Program), and after a disrepute period, ethanol reemerged in the 2000s with the flex fuel technology. This work¿s main objective is to analyze the constitution of flex fuel technology in Brazil, for that is based on the concepts of paradigms and technological trajectories, which allows one to understand the evolutionary movement of developing vehicles, their fuel supply systems and the pursuit of gasoline alternatives and of the internal combustion engine. Alongside this, it explores the brazilian history in ethanol use, especially in the recent period, with interviews and also based on data analysis of Research, Development and Innovation activities related to the flex fuel technology in Brazil, which makes possible the development of more energy efficient vehicles and lower pollutants emissions. Finally, it holds a critical analysis of the current brazilian legal framework, which supports the activities of the brazilian automotive industry, and specifies different ways to induce broader improvements to the use of ethanol as a fuel and the flex fuel technology in the country. One of the hypotheses that based this research points out that the relative uncertainty of the ethanol market and the lack of competition among automakers (concerning to the development of engines) constrains the technological demand and discourages the pursuit of greater efficiency or even more substantial changes on the brazilian flex fuel technology. In conclusion, among others, the current brazilian legal framework is not presented as an inducer for substantive changes on the flex fuel vehicle, encouraging only incremental improvements without leading to stronger competition in the industry, not taking advantage from the opportunities offered by flex fuel technology
Mestrado
Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
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Thiodoro, Leonardo Andrioli. "Caracterização do desgaste do par válvulas e sede de válvula de motores a combustão interna ciclo Otto flex-fuel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-28112017-081305/.

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Desde a sua invenção, o motor a combustão interna sofreu significantes evoluções, como redução do consumo de combustível, aumento da sua potência e durabilidade a um menor custo. Outros setores também evoluíram, como a busca por alternativas de combustível, tendo como exemplo o etanol hidratado combustível, que trouxe vantagens tais como maior desempenho e menor emissão de poluentes, porém com solicitações mecânicas, térmicas e termomecânicas mais severas. Sua menor lubricidade, quando comparada a da gasolina tipo C também intensificou o desgaste no par tribológico válvula e sede de válvula. Neste trabalho foram analisados diversos pares de válvulas e sedes de válvulas provenientes de quatro motores pós teste, sendo dois deles de mesma especificação técnica e submetidos às mesmas condições de ensaio, variando somente o combustível utilizado (etanol hidratado combustível e gasolina comum tipo C). A topografia da superfície de contato foi avaliada através de exames das superfícies com lupa estereoscópica, microscópio eletrônico de varredura e perfilômetro óptico a fim de identificar os danos encontrados. Ao término das análises foi realizada a comparação dos danos encontrados entre a superfície de contato das válvulas e sedes do motor que operou com etanol hidratado combustível e gasolina comum tipo C, de forma a evidenciar as diferenças proporcionadas pelos combustíveis. Este trabalho faz parte do \"Consórcio de P&D e Desafios Tribológicos em Motores Flex-Fuel\" patrocinado pela FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) com participação da indústria automotiva, para identificar os modos de desgaste atuantes.
Since its invention the internal combustion engine presented significant improvements like lower fuel consumption, higher power and durability increase at reduced costs. Other industries sectors did also improve as the search for new alternative fuels such as hydrated ethanol fuel which brought advantages like higher performance with lower pollutant emissions, although with it came more severe mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanic stresses. Ethanol lower lubricity when compared to type C gasolines did also increase the valve/ valve seat insert wear. This study presents the results of contact surface analysis of several pairs valve/ valve seat insert from four engines after test being two of them of same technical specification and submitted to the same test cycle with only difference their fuel (hydrated ethanol and regular type C gasoline). The contact surface topography was evaluated through surface exams using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope and non-contact profiler, to evaluate damages. At the end of analysis, a comparison between valves and valve seats from the engines that operated with hydrated ethanol and regular type C gasoline in order to put in evidence the damage difference provided by the fuels. This study is part of \"Consórcio de P&D e Desafios Tribológicos em Motores Flex-Fuel\", sponsored by FAPESP (\"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo\") with participation of automotive industries, to characterize the existent wear.
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Chiapinotto, Lino. "Análise da combustão e das emissões de um motor flex usando misturas heterogêneas de combustíveis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152162.

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Nesta pesquisa investiga-se a viabilidade do uso de misturas heterogêneas de combustíveis compostas por etanol e gás natural veicular (GNV) em motor flex fuel (Flex). Os motores Flex, no Brasil, são abastecidos com gasolina E27 (com até 27% de etanol anidro e 73% de gasolina), etanol, GNV ou qualquer mistura de etanol e gasolina. Ao funcionarem com o GNV apresentam vantagens pela menor emissão de dióxido de carbono (CO2), monóxido de carbono (CO) e óxidos de nitrogênio (NOX), mas são desvantajosos com relação às emissões de hidrocarbonetos (HC) em baixas rotações quando comparados ao utilizarem gasolina ou etanol, além da perda de potência variando de 10 a 20%. Esta pesquisa objetiva encontrar uma mistura de etanol-GNV, cuja combustão possa reduzir, as emissões de CO, HC e NOx do motor Flex em relação ao modo GNV. Os testes foram conduzidos num motor Flex de 2000 cilindradas, com duas válvulas por cilindro. No motor foi instalado um sistema de gerenciamento de injeção eletrônica de GNV funcionando concomitantemente com a injeção de combustível líquido. Fez-se inicialmente a medição da vazão de etanol (E100), do GNV (E0) e de diferentes misturas de etanol-GNV (E20, E40, E60, E80). Para a avaliação dos parâmetros das emissões de CO2, CO, O2, HC e NOx, das eficiências (térmica, volumétrica e mecânica), consumo específico de combustível e custo operacional, calibrou-se primeiramente o motor para o uso de E0 e de E100. Os testes foram realizados em modo estacionário e dinâmico, cujas emissões foram medidas através do analisador de gases. No modo estacionário mediram-se as emissões de gases de exaustão em velocidade angular de 1000 e 2500 RPM (rotações por minuto); no modo dinâmico mediram-se além das emissões, a potência e o consumo de combustível com o motor submetido a 25% de carga a 2000, 2500, 3000 RPM e à carga total num dinamômetro ativo para até 290 kW. Os melhores resultados obtiveram-se para a mistura E20. Comparando-se com E0, a mistura E20 resultou uma média de 55,33%, 31%, 29,86% e 57,41% na diminuição das emissões de CO, O2, HC e de NOx, respectivamente, com um aumento médio das emissões de CO2 em 5,81%; foi observado também perda de 2,45% de potência líquida, além do aumento de 2,35%, 1,25%, 1,41%, 16,94% e 18,85% para eficiência térmica, eficiência volumétrica, eficiência mecânica, consumo específico de combustível e do custo operacional, respectivamente
This research has investigated the feasibility of using heterogeneous fuel blends composed of ethanol and compressed natural gas (CNG) in flex-fuel engines. In Brazil, such vehicles are fueled by E27 gasoline (up to 27% anhydrous ethanol and 73% gasoline), ethanol, CNG or any ethanol and gasoline blend. When running on CNG, they offer advantages due to lower carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions, although they are disadvantageous with respect to hydrocarbon emissions (HC) at low revolutions, especially if compared to being run on gasoline or ethanol, in addition to power loss ranging from 10 to 20%. Thus, it is aimed to find an ethanol-CNG blend whose combustion can reduce CO, HC and NOx emissions from flex-fuel engines in comparison with the CNG mode. Tests have been conducted on a 2000cc flex-fuel engine with two valves per cylinder. It was installed an electronic CNG injection system operating concomitantly with the liquid fuel injection system. Flows of ethanol (E100), CNG (E0) and different ethanol-CNG blends (E20, E40, E60, E80) were initially measured. In order to evaluate levels of CO2, CO, O2, HC and NOx emissions, efficiency (thermal, volumetric and mechanical), specific fuel consumption and operating cost, the engine was initially calibrated to run on E0 and E100. The emissions tests were performed in stationary and dynamic mode. In stationary mode, exhaust emissions were measured at 1000 and 2500 RPM (revolutions per minute); in dynamic mode, power and fuel consumption were measured while the engine was subjected to 25% load at 2000, 2500, and 3000 RPM, in addition to repeating exhaust gas and power tests at full load with an active dynamometer at up to 290 kW. Optimal results were obtained for blend E20. If compared to E0, E20 resulted in an average of 55.33%, 31%, 29.86% and 57.41% at reducing CO, O2, HC and NOX emissions, respectively, with increased CO2 emissions. It were also observed of 2.45% of gross power loss, besides an increase of 2.35%, 1.25%, 1.41%, 16.94% and 18.85% in thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, mechanical efficiency, specific fuel consumption and operating cost, respectively
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Melounek, Michal. "Analýza pevnosti klikového ústrojí motoru W12." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231333.

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This diploma thesis .deals with a crankshaft analysis of the VW 6,0 W12 engine. The first goal is to create a CAD model from the real part, then to create a FEM model for computer simulations. With respect to a dynamic character of the loading, the crankshaft is then reduced into a MNF file for the purpose of dynamic simulations in the MBS ADAMS/Engine. The full range of working RPMs is simulated in it. Beside the crankshaft the main and pin bearings are studied too. At the last part of this thesis the durability of the crankshaft is solved.
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Finol, Parra Carlos. "Heat transfer investigations in a modern diesel engine." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512318.

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An experimental investigation has been undertaken to study operating temperatures and heat fluxes in the cylinder walls and cylinder head of a modern diesel engine. Temperatures were measured under a wide range of speed and torque at more than one hundred locations in the block and cylinder head of the engine employing conventional thermocouples arranged to obtain one-dimensional metal thermal gradients and subsequently deduce the corresponding heat fluxes and surface temperatures. Results observed in the cylinder bores revealed that in addition to heat transferred by convection and radiation from combustion gases, the temperature and heat flux distributions are considerably affected by heat conduction from piston rings and skirt through the oil film, and by frictional heat generated at these components. The heat fluxes and surface temperatures obtained in the cylinder head combined with gas pressure measurements were used to evaluate existing formulae to predict heat transfer coefficients from combustion gases to the chamber walls. The evaluation confirmed the significant variation previously observed between the various methods. As a consequence, a modified correlation has been proposed to estimate the gas-side heat transfer coefficient. This new correlation is considered to be an improved tool for estimating the heat transfer coefficients from combustion gases in modern diesel engines. Additionally, the results observed in the cylinder bores were used to develop a simple model from first principles to estimate the heat transferred from piston rings and skirt to the cylinder wall.
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Treiss, Stephanie. "TIME-DEPENDENT SURFACE TEMPERATURE and HEAT FLUX MEASUREMENTS on a SINGLE CYLINDER ENGINE HEAD and LINER." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1512061036731254.

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Joubert, Louis Hoogenhout. "Design optimisation of a transverse flux linear oscillating generator for resonant free-piston Stirling applications." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96849.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The design optimisation of a linear oscillatory electric generator for application in freepiston Stirling engines is described in this thesis. A basic overview of free-piston Stirling engine technology is given by firstly providing a brief description of the operation of the heat engine. The applications of free-piston Stirling engines in industry are given and the proposed future applications are described. Different types of electrical machine designs from industry and academia are evaluated in a literature study. A classification structure is also proposed based on the magnetic flux variation within the designs. Based on the literature study, a transverse flux, single-phase, moving magnet, tubular topology was chosen for investigation. Athree dimensional finite element simulation was chosen as the most appropriatemethod to model the linear electrical machine. A commercial simulation package was called from a simulation script and the outputs from the finite element simulation were again used to calculate the electrical machine performance parameters using the instantaneous voltageand current values. A sequential quadratic programming algorithm was used to perform optimisation of the machine topologies, with the optimisation variables being dimensional parameters that describe the machine geometry and the goal of the optimisation to minimise the active mass of the machine, while maintaining preset minima for the output power and the efficiency. The machine was optimised for a number of different translator configurations and the different configurations were analysed and compared. It was found that a quasi-Halbach arrangement of the permanent magnets yielded the lowest overall active mass. A comparative study is also presented, where this quasi-Halbach variant is compared to a commercial machine. It was found that the linear machine design with a quasi-Halbach arrangement compares well with the commercial machine. A prototype and test bed was designed and constructed. Due to manufacuring difficulties however, the machine could not be completed in time for testing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwerpsoptimering van ’n lineêre ossillerende elektriese generator vir toepassing in vrysuier Stirling enjins word beskryf in hierdie tesis. ’n Basiese oorsig van vrysuier Stirling enjin tegnologie word gegee deur eerstens ’n kort beskrywing te gee van die werking van die hitte-enjin. Die aanwending van vrysuier Stirling enjins in industrie word gegee en voorgestelde toekomstige toepassings word beskryf. Verskillende tipes elektriese masjien ontwerpe vanuit die industrie en die akademie word geëvalueer in ’n literatuurstudie. ’n Klassifiseringstruktuur, gebaseer op die magnetiese vloedverandering in die ontwerpe, word ook voorgestel. ’n Transverse vloed, enkelfase, bewegende magneet, tubulêre topologie is gekies vir die ondersoek, gebaseer op die onder andere die literatuurstudie. ’n Drie-dimensionele eindige element simulasie is gekies as die mees geskikte metode om die lineêre elektriese masjien te modelleer. ’n Kommersiële simulasie pakket is deur middel van ’n simulasie skrip geroep en die uitsette vanaf die eindige element simulasie is weer gebruik om die werksverrigtingsparameters van die elektriese masjien te bereken deur gebruik te maak van die oomblikswaardes van die spanning en stroom. ’n Sekwensiële kwadratiese programmering algoritme is gebruik om optimering van die masjien topologieë te doen, met die dimensionele parameters wat die masjien geometrie beskryf as die optimeringsveranderlikes en doel van die optimering om die aktiewe massa van die masjien te minimeer, terwyl die uitsetdrywing en die benuttingsgraad by voorafgestelde minima gehou word. Die masjien is geoptimeer vir verskeie translator konfigurasies en die verskillende konfigurasies is geanaliseer en vergelyk. Dit is bevind dat ’n kwasi-Halbach skikking van die permanente magnete die laagste totale aktiewe massa gelewer het. ’n Vergelykende studie is ook aangebied, waar die kwasi-Halbach variant vergelyk is met ’n kommersiële masjien. Dit is bevind dat die lineêre masjien met die kwasi-Halbach skikking baie goed vergelyk met die kommersiële masjien. ’n Prototiepe masjien en toetsopstelling is ontwerp en aan mekaar gesit. Maar as gevolg van vervaardigbaarheids tekortkominge kon toetse op die prototiepe nie betyds gedoen word nie.
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Books on the topic "Flex engine"

1

Meldrum, Jay. Clean Snowmobile Challenge - 2: The Revival of the 2-stroke Engine and Studying Flex Fuel Engines. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/srp-003.

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Liebert, Curt H. Heat flux measurement in SSME turbine blade tester. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Kopp, Robert William. Determination of the velocity, density, mass flux and enthalpy profiles for very high temperature arc jet nozzle flow. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Jankovsky, Robert S. High-area-ratio rocket nozzle at high combustion chamber pressure--experimental and analytical validation. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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High-frequency data observations from space shuttle main engine low pressure fuel turbopump discharge duct flex joint tripod failure investigation. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1991.

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A, Farr R., and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. High-frequency data observations from space shuttle main engine low pressure fuel turbopump discharge duct flex joint tripod failure investigation. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1991.

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A, Farr R., and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. High-frequency data observations from space shuttle main engine low pressure fuel turbopump discharge duct flex joint tripod failure investigation. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1991.

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J, Gladden Herbert, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A unique high heat flux facility for testing hypersonic engine components. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Research instrumentation for hot section components of turbine engines. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Hypersonic engine component experiments in a high heat flux, supersonic flow environment. [Cleveland, Ohio]: NASA, [Lewis Research Center], 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flex engine"

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Volpato, O., F. Theunissen, R. Mazara, and Erik Verhaeven. "Engine management for Flex Fuel plus compressed natural gas vehicles." In Alliance For Global Sustainability Bookseries, 23–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6010-6_3.

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Lehndorff, Steffen, Gerhard Bosch, Thomas Haipeter, and Erich Latniak. "From the’ sick Man’to the ‘Overhauled Engine’ of Europe? Upheaval in the German Model." In European Employment Models in Flux, 105–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230237001_4.

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Olmeda, R., P. Breda, C. Stemmer, and M. Pfitzner. "Large-Eddy Simulations for the Wall Heat Flux Prediction of a Film-Cooled Single-Element Combustion Chamber." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 223–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_14.

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Abstract In order for modern launcher engines to work at their optimum, film cooling can be used to preserve the structural integrity of the combustion chamber. The analysis of this cooling system by means of CFD is complex due to the extreme physical conditions and effects like turbulent fluctuations damping and recombination processes in the boundary layer which locally change the transport properties of the fluid. The combustion phenomena are modeled by means of Flamelet tables taking into account the enthalpy loss in the proximity of the chamber walls. In this work, Large-Eddy Simulations of a single-element combustion chamber experimentally investigated at the Technical University of Munich are carried out at cooled and non-cooled conditions. Compared with the experiment, the LES shows improved results with respect to RANS simulations published. The influence of wall roughness on the wall heat flux is also studied, as it plays an important role for the lifespan of a rocket engine combustors.
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Alverson, Fred C., Mary Ranger, and Heather J. DeBaun. "The Effects of Residual Controlled Atmospheric Brazing Flux on Engine Coolants." In ASTM Symposium on Global Testing of Extended Service Engine Coolants and Related Fluids, 175–94. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp155620130067.

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Taher, Abbas. "Rule Mining and Prediction Using the Flek Machine – A New Machine Learning Engine." In Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 388–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89656-4_45.

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Perakis, Nikolaos, and Oskar J. Haidn. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of CH$$_4$$/O$$_2$$ Rocket Combustors." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 359–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_23.

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Abstract The experimental investigation of sub-scale rocket engines gives significant information about the combustion dynamics and wall heat transfer phenomena occurring in full-scale hardware. At the same time, the performed experiments serve as validation test cases for numerical CFD models and for that reason it is vital to obtain accurate experimental data. In the present work, an inverse method is developed able to accurately predict the axial and circumferential heat flux distribution in CH$$_4$$/O$$_2$$ rocket combustors. The obtained profiles are used to deduce information about the injector-injector and injector-flame interactions. Using a 3D CFD simulation of the combustion and heat transfer within a multi-element thrust chamber, the physical phenomena behind the measured heat flux profiles can be inferred. A very good qualitative and quantitative agreement between the experimental measurements and the numerical simulations is achieved.
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Lewis, A., C. Brace, S. Akehurst, K. Robinson, and I. Pegg. "Spatially resolved heat flux measurements from a HSDI engine over NEDC." In Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition (VTMS10), 119–29. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095053.3.119.

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Lienhard, John H. "Taking Flight." In The Engines of Our Ingenuity. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135831.003.0010.

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The recurring fantasies of my childhood were dreams of flight. I doubt I differed from other children in my imaginings, and in my childish way I seriously tried to achieve flight. I jumped from the garage roof into snowbanks. I scaled trees and cliffs. I swung on ropes. It’s a good thing my mother never learned just how hard I worked at leaving the earth. Sprained ankles and bruised ribs eventually convinced me that my body was earthbound even if my mind was not. I turned to model airplanes. I lived inside those lovely, light, buoyant structures. They carried me with them into the sky. My inner eye gazed down on the land from their vantage above. This craving to fly is bred in the bone of our species. The old legends come out of the past with such conviction that we know some core of truth must undergird them. In Chapter 2 I refer to documented experiments with flight in the ninth and eleventh centuries. The Chinese flew humans in kites as early as the sixth century. One of the oldest and oddest intimations of early flight came out of the Cairo Museum in 1969. An Egyptian doctor named Khalil Messiha was studying the museum’s collection of ancient bird models. He found that all the models but one were similar. That one was made of sycamore wood. It was a little thing with a seven-inch wingspan. It caught Messiha’s attention because he saw it through the eyes of his childhood. He remembered the shapes and forms he had worked with when he built model airplanes as a boy. This was not a bird at all; it was a model airplane, and that was impossible. Yet the other birds had legs; this had none. The other birds had painted feathers; this had none. The other birds had horizontal tail feathers like a real bird. Perhaps that was the most important difference. Birds do not have to be stable in flight because they can correct their direction; but a model airplane needs a vertical rudder to keep it moving straight.
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Thompson, Becky. "Why We Flee." In Teaching with Tenderness. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041167.003.0005.

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“Why We Flee” chronicles multiple reasons why we leave our bodies in academic settings. It traces how racism and a backlash against feminist gains to stop sexual harassment have policed our attempts to stay embodied when we teach, compromising our abilities to thrive as orators, as compassionate listeners, as people excited about our research. The chapter offers examples of cues Thompson missed when students could not fully engage with the course material. And how recognizing trauma can help us become more alert to students’ courage as they grapple with difficult material. Thompson has often relied upon the creative writing by Yusef Komunyakaa, Rafael Campo, Sapphire, Edwidge Danticat, and other writers to teach about resilience in the face of war, homophobia, colonialism, and other violations. Thompson also examines what students have taught her about the risks involved in being present in the process. The chapter ends with discussion of the synergistic relationship between the qualities of the mind and the sheaths of the body, in particular how yoga might catapult us to a place of deep connection and joy.
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Lu, Gehao, Lan Wang, Joan Lu, Wei Guo, and Jinyan Li. "The Approach and Research of Localization for Student Response System." In Learning with Mobile Technologies, Handheld Devices, and Smart Phones, 123–46. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0936-5.ch008.

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This paper introduces a multilingual Student Response System (SRS) that is designed to handle anonymously on-the-fly questions for local and distance lectures between teachers and students and is deemed necessary to be utilized in Europe after being tested in classroom for over two years. SRS consists of two friendly and interactive interfaces: a control interface (SRS-CI) on the teacher side and a response interface (SRS-RI) on the student side. The technologies in Flex builder and JavaServer Pages (JSP) are applied to develop multilingual support for SRS-CI and SRS-RI, respectively, based on the method of resource bundles. The localization design and implementation of SRS are carried out in this research as a case study to illustrate and investigate the Flex and JSP-based localization issues for response system. This paper performs linguistic testing against the functionalities provided in SRS, discusses the generated test results and highlights the problems in localization and cross-culture design. Finally, multilingual SRS could make an additional contribution to pedagogical communities to engage trainers and learners whose native languages are other European languages.
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Conference papers on the topic "Flex engine"

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Britanyak, Peter, Alex Fuhrman, Dylan Dixon, Karen R. Den Braven, and Nicholas Harker. "University of Idaho's Flex-Fuel Two-Stroke Snowmobile." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-32-0084.

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Rakovec, Nicholas, Brian Olenski, Michael Maney, and Glenn R. Bower. "Improving Upon Best Available Technology: A Clean Flex Fuel Snowmobile." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-32-0049.

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Volpato, Orlando, Frans Theunissen, Gustavo Colli, Xiaoliu Liu, Lei Shi, and John Priestly. "Flex Fuel Engine Management for Small Motorcycles." In SAE Brasil 2007 Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-2729.

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de Morais Teixeira, Giovanni, and Andr\ae Rotta. "WHB's Connecting Rod Analysis for a Flex Fuel Engine." In SAE Brasil 2011 Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-36-0313.

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Baeta, José Guilherme Coelho, Ramón Molina Valle, José Eduardo Mautone Barros, Rogério Jorge Amorim, José Renato Barbosa de Deus, and Remo Dias Bahia de Carvalho. "A New Concept of a Flex Multi-Fuel Engine." In 2004 SAE Brasil Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-3427.

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Giroldo, Mauro Berti, Edward Werninghaus, Eugenio Coelho, and William Makant. "Development of 1.6L Flex Fuel Engine for Brazilian Market." In SAE Brasil 2005 Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-4130.

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Um Min Allah, Fazal, Caio Henrique Rufino, Waldyr Luiz Ribeiro Gallo, and Clayton Barcelos Zabeu. "Investigating the Effects of Engine Operating Conditions on the Cyclic Variability of a Commercial Flex-Fuel Engine." In ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2019-7109.

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Abstract The flex-fuel engines are quite capable of running on gasohol and hydrous ethanol. However, the in-cylinder cyclic variations, which are inherently present in spark-ignition (SI) engines, affect the performance of these engines. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis is required to evaluate the effects of in-cylinder cyclic variations of a flex-fuel engine. The experiments were carried out by using Brazilian commercial Gasohol E27 (mixture of 27% anhydrous ethanol in gasoline) and hydrous ethanol E95h (5% water by volume in ethanol) as fuels for a commercial flex-fuel spark ignition engine. A comparison between the cyclic variations of gasohol and hydrous ethanol is presented in this paper. Moreover, the effects of engine operating parameters (i.e., engine speed, engine load and relative air fuel ratio) on cyclic variations are also investigated. The acquired data of in-cylinder pressure and combustion durations are evaluated by carrying out a statistical analysis. The coefficient of variation for indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) did not exceed the limit of 5% for all tested conditions. Higher cyclic variability of maximum in-cylinder pressure is observed for gasohol fuel and higher engine speeds. The variability of in-cylinder combustion is also evaluated with the help of different combustion stages, which are characterized by corresponding crank positions of 10%, 50% and 90% mass fractions burned.
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Volpato, Orlando, Frans Theunissen, and Ronaldo Mazara. "Engine Manangement for Flex Fuel plus Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles." In Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3777.

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Shaomin, Zhang, Luo Zhuangqiang, and Wang Baoyi. "Research of workflow engine based on PETRI nets and FLEX." In 2012 2nd International Conference on Applied Robotics for the Power Industry (CARPI 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/carpi.2012.6356267.

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Daemme, Luiz Carlos, Renato Penteado, Fatima Zotin, and Marcelo Errera. "Regulated and Unregulated Emissions from a Flex Fuel Motorcycle Fuelled with Various Gasoline/Ethanol Blends." In SAE/JSAE 2014 Small Engine Technology Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-32-0032.

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Reports on the topic "Flex engine"

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Zhu, Guoming, Harold Schock, Xiaojian Yang, Andrew Huisjen, Tom Stuecken, Kevin Moran, Ren Zhen, Shupeng Zhang, John Opra, and Ron Reese. Flex Fuel Optimized SI and HCCI Engine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1123499.

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Glosson, Charles R. The Effects of Ni-Ti Hand Files, Ni-Ti Engine Files, and K-Flex Files on Root Canal Morphology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada267888.

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Chappell, Mark, Wu-Sheng Shih, Cynthia Price, Rishi Patel, Daniel Janzen, John Bledsoe, Kay Mangelson, et al. Environmental life cycle assessment on CNTRENE® 1030 material and CNT based sensors. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42086.

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This report details a study investigating the environmental impacts associated with the development and manufacturing of carbon nanotube (CNT)–based ink (called CNTRENE 1030 material) and novel CNT temperature, flex, and moisture sensors. Undertaken by a private-public partnership involving Brewer Science (Rolla, Missouri), Jordan Valley Innovation Center of Missouri State University (Springfield, Missouri), and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (Vicksburg, Mississippi), this work demonstrates the environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA) methodology as a diagnostic tool to pinpoint the particular processes and materials posing the greatest environmental impact associated with the manufacture of the CNTRENE material and CNT-based sensor devices. Additionally, ELCA tracked the degree to which optimizing the device manufacturing process for full production also changed its predicted marginal environmental impacts.
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Hoffman, Jeffrey A., Eric Eberhardt, and Jay K. Martin. Comparison Between Air-Assisted and Single-Fluid Pressure Atomizers for Direct-Injection SI Engines Via Spatial and Temporal Mass Flux Measurements,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada324774.

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Yu, W., D. M. France, and J. L. Routbort. Pressure drop, heat transfer, critical heat flux, and flow stability of two-phase flow boiling of water and ethylene glycol/water mixtures - final report for project "Efficent cooling in engines with nucleate boiling.". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009796.

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