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Journal articles on the topic 'Flex engine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Machado, Guilherme Bastos, Tadeu C. Cordeiro de Melo, and Arthur C. de Albuquerque Fonseca Candido. "Flex-fuel engine: Influence of ethanol content on power and efficiencies." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419833257.

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Gasoline is a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons, with a wide spectrum of constituents. Surrogate fuels have a reduced number of chemical components and therefore are used to model commercial fuels and enhance the understanding of fuel behavior in internal combustion engines. Surrogates also allow better fuel property control. In previous work, a surrogate fuel blend of iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene and ethanol was found to be suitable for commercial, high-octane, oxygenated Brazilian gasoline. This article investigates the influence on a Flex-fuel engine power and efficiencies of different ethanol levels in this surrogate fuel blend. The study found some different trends when comparing to other works in the literature. This article intends to make contributions presenting more detailed analyses of how fuel properties can influence several Flex-fuel engine performance parameters.

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2

Polovinka, E. M., I. N. Tabulinskiy, and P. S. Muradyan. "RESEARCH OF STARTING MODES OF THE RT-FLEX ENGINE." Ship power plant 41 (November 5, 2020): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/smf341.2020.117-124.

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Starting modes are one of the most critical in the operation of marine diesel engines. Under the unsteady conditions of the flow of working processes, it is difficult to ensure their quality indicators. Of particular importance is the reliability in maneuvering. The foregoing relates, first of all, to fuel injection, which determines to a large extent the combustion process and all the operational characteristics of a diesel engine. Typical start-ups are the first fuel supply cycles [1], presented in Fig. 1 by the oscillograms of the nozzle needle movement. An oscillatory process is observed, accompanied by a partial rise of the needle. This increases the duration of injection, and an incomplete rise leads to a throttling of the fuel flow in the section under the needle. The atomization pressure decreases, the conditions of mixture formation deteriorate, which, along with the low parameters of the air charge, adversely affects the characteristics of the working process up to skipping the ignition.

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3

MAŃCZAK, Jacek. "RT-flex 60C Marine Diesel Engine." Combustion Engines 118, no. 1 (May 1, 2004): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117420.

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Fundamental design issues for the new Sulzer RTA60C engine currently introduced by Wärtsila to the ship newbuilding market, the concept of electronic control – the RT-flex control applied on the mentioned engine – for fuel injection and exhaust valve actuation as well as the sequence of starting the two-stoke engine are covered in the present article1) .

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4

Harris, M. M., D. N. Marsh, E. A. Vos, and E. Durkin. "Flex Cycle Combustor Development and Demonstration." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906852.

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An innovative, “flex-cycle” combustion system has been developed for the Garrett Model 400-1 Integrated Power Unit (IPU), a 425 shp (317 kW) gas turbine engine designed for use on future fighter aircraft. Demonstration of this system required real-time transient operation of the combustor in a full-scale test rig. The transient testing was unique, having been performed with an electronic control, which modulated all combustor operating parameters according to programmed engine component maps, drag curves, fuel schedules, and selected ambient test conditions. The axially injected annular combustor is capable of engine starts in two seconds, as well as producing 200 shp (149 kW) for emergency use at all altitudes up to 50,000 ft (15,240 m). The combustion system is capable of switching operation from the emergency power stored energy (SE) mode to the normal-air breathing (NAB) auxiliary power mode without loss of engine power. The flex-cycle combustor supplies emergency power in the SE mode with a temperature rise of 2200°F (1222°C) and in the NAB mode with a temperature rise of 1600°F (889°C). Specific features that make these requirements possible include air-assisted simplex airblast fuel atomizers with integral check valves, and effusion-cooled combustor liner walls. This paper describes the flex-cycle combustion system design, test methods used, and significant test results. Steady-state performance, in both the SE and NAB operating modes, and real-time transient test results are discussed. The transient testing included rapid starts as well as transitions from the SE to NAB operating regimes.

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5

Takimoto, Takahiro. "Vibration Measures of RT-flex and W-X Engine." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 50, no. 2 (2015): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.50.153.

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6

Yoo, Junsang, Taeyong Lee, Pyungsik Go, Yongseok Cho, Kwangsoon Choi, and Youngjoon Park. "An experimental study on optimal spark timing control for improved performance of a flex fuel vehicle engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 5 (August 17, 2019): 1294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019869773.

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In the American continent, the most frequently used alternative fuel is ethanol. Especially in Brazil, various blends of gasoline–ethanol fuels are widely spread. The vehicle using blended fuel is called flexible fuel vehicle. Because of several selections for the blending ratios in gas stations, the fuel properties may vary after refueling depending on a driver’s selection. Also, the combustion characteristics of the flexible fuel vehicle engine may change. In order to respond to the flexible fuel vehicle market in Brazil, a study on blended fuels is performed. The main purpose of this study is to enhance performance of the flexible fuel vehicle engine to target Brazilian market. Therefore, we investigated combustion characteristics and optimal spark timings of the blended fuels with various blending ratios to improve the performance of the flexible fuel vehicle engine. As a tool for prediction of the optimal spark timing for the 1.6L flexible fuel vehicle engine, the empirical equation was suggested. The validity of the equation was investigated by comparing the predicted optimal spark timings with the stock spark timings through engine tests. When the stock spark timings of E0 and E100 were optimal, the empirical equation predicted the actual optimal spark timings for blended fuels with a good accuracy. In all conditions, by optimizing spark timing control, performance was improved. Especially, torque improvements of E30 and E50 fuels were 5.4% and 1.8%, respectively, without affecting combustion stability. From these results, it was concluded that the linear interpolation method is not suitable for flexible fuel vehicle engine control. Instead of linear interpolation method, optimal spark timing which reflects specific octane numbers of gasoline–ethanol blended fuels should be applied to maximize performance of the flexible fuel vehicle engine. The results of this study are expected to save the effort required for engine calibration when developing new flexible fuel vehicle engines and to be used as a basic strategy to improve the performance of other flexible fuel vehicle engines.

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7

Marques, Daniela O., Lúcio S. F. Trevizan, Isabella M. F. Oliveira, Omar Seye, and Ramon E. P. Silva. "Combustion assessment of an ethanol/gasoline flex-fuel engine." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 39, no. 4 (July 29, 2016): 1079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40430-016-0609-4.

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8

OHKUBO, Norio, and Shigemitsu HOSOKAWA. "Electronically Controlled Sulzer Diesel Engine RT-flex with Common Rail Technology." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2002.8 (2002): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2002.8.271.

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9

Wang, Yong Jian, Jing Feng Chen, and Si Qin Li. "Fuel Common Rail Injection System of RT-Flex Marine Intelligent Diesel Engine and its Simulation Dynamic Model." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.23.

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Based on comprehensively analyzing the whole structure and its working performance of RT-Flex marine intelligence diesel engine and entirely mastering this kind of engine fuel common rail injection system’s composition, working principle, taking 7RT-Flex60C as simulation object, the mathematical models of this system’s composing part are designed, by using Matlab/Simulink simulation tool, fuel common rail injection system simulation model is set up, then comparing with the simulation data with rack test data, the accuracy and effectiveness of the model are test and verified. The built up model provides a convenient and practical method for design, optimizing and simulation of fuel common rail injection system.

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10

Dos Reis, Silvio Rodrigo, and Elaine Aparecida Da Silva. "Motores Elétricos Flex a Etanol: uma nova Era no Setor Automotivo Mundial." Revista de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia 12, no. 12 (February 22, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1890-1793.2017v12n12p45-48.

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O conceito de motores elétricos está inserido na sociedade desde meados do século XIX. O advento do petróleo e a maior eficiência do motor a combustão interna a gasolina fez com que o desenvolvimento dos elétricos permanecesse adormecido por várias décadas. Ressurgiu este conceito após a conscientização mundial sobre problemas de poluição ambiental, que os motores a combustão, movidos com petróleo e derivados trouxeram ao longo dos anos, originando a introdução de políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável, que visa eliminar a circulação de veículos com motores a combustão interna pelos países europeus nos próximos anos. Fontes alternativas de energia, como o etanol, auxilia na propulsão do motor elétrico, cuja eficiência fica comprometida em longas distâncias e em veículos de médio e grande porte. O motor elétrico híbrido flex a etanol é uma alternativa eficaz para atender aos padrões atuais de consumo, já que há muito tempo se tem o motor a combustão interna a etanol eficiente, bem como auxiliar a falta de oferta de uma ampla rede de reabastecimento de baterias elétricas, possibilitando que o consumidor possa realizar suas atividades diárias sem a preocupação com a falta de disponibilidade de eletropostos em algumas cidades do território nacional.Palavras-chave: Motor. Elétrico. Etanol. Automóveis. Híbrido.AbstractThe electric motors concept has been inserted in the society since the mid-nineteenth century. The oil advent and the internal gasoline-fueled engine increased efficiency meant that the electric cars development had remained dormant for several decades. This concept emerged after global awareness of the environmental pollution problems caused by oil-derived combustion engines, which led to the introduction of sustainable development policies to eliminate the vehicles circulation with internal combustion engines by European countries in the next years. Alternative energy sources, such as ethanol, help propel the electric motor, whose efficiency is compromised over long distances and in medium and large vehicles. The ethanol-flex hybrid electric motor is an effective alternative to meet current consumption standards, since the engine has long been the fuel-efficient domestic ethanol, as well as adi the lack of supply of a wide network of battery replenishment making it possible for the consumer to carry out his or her daily activities without worrying about the lack of electricity availability in some cities of the national territory.Keywords: Motor. Electric. Ethanol. Automobiles. Hybrid.

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11

Ohkubo, Norio, and Shigemitsu Hosokawa. "Electronically-controlled Smokeless 2-stroke Sulzer RT-flex Marine Diesel Engine." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 37, no. 12 (2002): 892–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.37.892.

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12

Wang, Yuan Qing, Guang Ren, and Zhi Qiang Zhou. "Research for Fuel Common Rail System about Marine Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 1455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1455.

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Wartsila RT-flex 60C diesel engine is selected as the object to research pressure control of fuel common rail system, building the system simulation model, and analyzing main factors influencing rail pressure in the system. it was concluded that they were diesel engine speed, load. In the process of MATLAB/Simulink simulation, the rail pressure control logic was designed by adopting maps with the two factors as independent variables to get theory feedforward quantity of fuel rack, feedback quantity of fuel rack is obtained by fuzzy PID control. The simulation experiments show that the improved control method reduces the rail pressure fluctuation, at the same time the overshoot volume of dynamic rail pressure control is greatly reduced, response velocity quickened. The control method has been used in a Marine simulator.

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13

Schneider, Bruno, Christian Schürch, Konstantinos Boulouchos, Stefan Herzig, Marc Hangartner, David Humair, Silas Wüthrich, Christoph Gossweiler, and Kai Herrmann. "The Flex-OeCoS—a Novel Optically Accessible Test Rig for the Investigation of Advanced Combustion Processes under Engine-Like Conditions." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071794.

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A new test rig has been designed, built and commissioned, and is now jointly pursued to facilitate experimental investigations into advanced combustion processes (i.e., dual fuel, multi-mode) under turbulent conditions at high, engine-like temperature and pressure levels. Based on a standard diesel engine block, it offers much improved optical access to the in-cylinder processes due to its separated and rotated arrangement of the compression volume and combustion chamber, respectively. A fully variable pneumatic valve train and the appropriate preconditioning of the intake air allows it to represent a wide range of engine-like in-cylinder conditions regarding pressures, temperatures and turbulence levels. The modular design of the test rig facilitates easy optimizations of the combustion chamber/cylinder head design regarding different experimental requirements. The name of the new test rig, Flex-OeCoS, denotes its Flexibility regarding Optical engine Combustion diagnostics and/or the development of corresponding Sensing devices and applications. Measurements regarding in-cylinder gas pressures, temperatures and the flow field under typical operating conditions are presented to complete the description and assessment of the new test rig.

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14

Gingrich, Jess, Terry Alger, and Brian Sullivan. "Ethanol Flex-fuel Engine Improvements with Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Hydrogen Enrichment." SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 2, no. 1 (April 20, 2009): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0140.

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15

Christie, Mark J., Nicholas Fortino, and Hakan Yilmaz. "Parameter Optimization of a Turbo Charged Direct Injection Flex Fuel SI Engine." SAE International Journal of Engines 2, no. 1 (April 20, 2009): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0238.

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16

Marriott, Craig D., Matthew A. Wiles, J. Michael Gwidt, and Scott E. Parrish. "Development of a Naturally Aspirated Spark Ignition Direct-Injection Flex-Fuel Engine." SAE International Journal of Engines 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2008): 267–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0319.

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17

Huang, Mu, and Xiao Li Rong. "Geological Modeling System Based on Flash3D Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2285.

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3D geological modeling is an inter-discipline subject applying computer technology to the geological research. With the development of Internet, 3D geological modeling based on Web has become a hot spot. In this article, we applied the Flash3D technology to the 3D geological modeling based on Web. We designed a process which use borehole data as original data source, automatic interpolation and identify strata from it, then calculate modeling data. We developed a 3D geological and geographical system based on Flex and Java platform using Flash3D engine technology. The system is a true 3D geological modeling software in B/S mode.

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18

Melo, Tadeu C. Cordeiro de, Guilherme B. Machado, Carlos R. P. Belchior, Marcelo J. Colaço, José E. M. Barros, Edimilson J. de Oliveira, and Daniel G. de Oliveira. "Hydrous ethanol–gasoline blends – Combustion and emission investigations on a Flex-Fuel engine." Fuel 97 (July 2012): 796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.018.

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19

Tremlett, Piers, Phil Elliot, and Pablo Tena. "Origami for Tight Spaces - 3D 250C PCB Assemblies for Control Systems." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2019, HiTen (July 1, 2019): 000034–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491.2019.hiten.000034.

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Printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies must fit into unusual spaces for many real-life, high temperature applications such as sensors and actuators. This paper details the design and manufacture of a complex control circuit for a jet engine fuel flow valve. “Origami” was needed to fit this control circuitry into the tight space in the valve, this was achieved using a high temperature flex rigid PCB assembly. The valve was mounted on a hot section of the engine, and the assembly was tested for its capability to operate at 178°C and withstand multiple thermal cycles of −55°C and 175°C during its operational life. Various component joining media were investigated to extend the life of the assembly. The project also developed a one-time programmable (OTP) memory aimed at up to 300°C operation for on board memory to provide calibration data or boot memory for high temperature microcontrollers or processors. The device was based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology.

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20

Peng, Cheng, Hua Rui Wu, Xiao Xia Shi, and Xiang Yang Qin. "Geo-Visualization of Agricultural Products Price Data Based on WebGIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 1899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.1899.

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In China, there is a large amount of data about agricultural products price released by thousands of agricultural websites on the Internet. These records are basically displayed in the form of text, table, and statistics chart but location information cannot be displayed graphically. Rich client and WebGIS techniques can improve representation of agricultural products price and help to provide effective technological solutions for increasing data. First, we describe the methods of standardizing agricultural products price data, which is crawled from agricultural websites through vertical search engine. Forward maximum matching algorithm is then explained and applied for spatializing data. After that, technologies of WebGIS based on rich client (JavaScript/Ajax and Flex) are summarized and analyzed and the map visualization methods of agricultural products price are presented, taking Baidu Map API and ArcGIS API for Flex for example. The methods can provide visual, interactive, user-friendly representation of agricultural products price data in geography information system as well as share visualization services through Internet or Intranet to improve data exchange and utilization. Compared to traditional WebGIS, WebGIS based on RIA improves user satisfaction and increases response speed. The results demonstrate that WebGIS by using RIA technology is a feasible solution method for map visualization of agricultural products price.

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21

Li, Xiufei, Per Tunestål, and Rolf Johansson. "Adaptive Model Predictive Control of Combustion in Flex-Fuel Heavy Duty Compression-Ignition Engine." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 13863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.898.

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22

Arcentales, Danilo, and Carla Silva. "Exploring the Introduction of Plug-In Hybrid Flex-Fuel Vehicles in Ecuador." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 2244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122244.

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In Europe, diesel combustion is being banned due to the NOx and PM2.5 emissions impact on air quality. The bus sector is being electrified and is increasing its use of alternative fuels, such as natural gas (in spark ignition engines) and bioethanol (in compression ignition engines), to reduce such harmful emissions. Even if a diesel bus is equipped with selective catalytic reduction (SCR), its NOx emissions are reduced its but produces more NH3 emissions that are PM2.5 precursors. In developing countries, the air quality is still barely monitored, however, the air quality issue is well known and is being addressed. Moreover, the Ecuadorian sugar cane industry is seeking ways to increase its ethanol production. This is the ideal framework to explore a new technology and energy source in developing economies such as Ecuador. This paper explores the impact of the Ecuadorian diesel bus fleet conversion to hybrid compression ignition ethanol (HEV-ED95), hybrid diesel and plug-in hybrid flex-fuel using electricity and internal combustion engine ICE-E20 and ICE-E100. The impacts are measured in terms of final energy consumption, criteria pollutant emissions (NH3, NOx, PM2.5) and 100 years global warming potential in a well-to-wheels framework. For the tank-to-wheels data the method follows the typical values of conversion efficiency from final to useful energy (cross checked with a microsimulation model), the Tier 2 European Environmental Agency approach combined with ethanol influence on compression ratio, lower heating value, criteria emissions taken from a literature review, and well-to-tank emission factors for electricity (10–58% thermal natural gas or coal powerplant contribution), for ethanol from banana industry wastes (ED95, E20 and E100), gasoline and diesel from US databases. A discussion on whether sugarcane biorefineries are necessary is highlighted in the results. All input parameters have an uncertainty range between a minimum and a maximum and the probability for each is giving by a uniform distribution.

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23

Wagner, Márcia Helena, Fernando Branco Barletta, Magda de Souza Reis, Luciano Loureiro Mello, Ronise Ferreira, and Antônio Luiz Rocha Fernandes. "NSK reciprocating handpiece: in vitro comparative analysis of dentinal removal during root canal preparation by different operators." Brazilian Dental Journal 17, no. 1 (2006): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402006000100003.

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The purpose of this study was to assess dentin removal during root canal preparation by different operators using a NSK reciprocating handpiece. Eighty-four human single-rooted mandibular premolars were hand instrumented using Triple-Flex stainless-steel files (Kerr) up to #30, weighed in analytical balance and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=21). All specimens were mechanically prepared at the working length with #35 to #45 Triple-Flex files (Kerr) coupled to a NSK (TEP-E10R, Nakanishi Inc.) reciprocating handpiece powered by an electric motor (Endo Plus; VK Driller). Groups 1 to 4 were prepared by a professor of Endodontics, an endodontist, a third-year dental student and a general dentist, respectively. Teeth were reweighed after root canal preparation. The difference between weights was calculated and the means of dentin removal in each group were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5 % significance level. The greatest amount of dentin removal was found in group 4, followed by groups 2, 3 and 1. Group 4 differed statistically from the other groups regarding dentin removal means [p<0.001 (group 1); p=0.005 (group 2); and p=0.001 (group3)]. No statistically significant difference was found between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.608), 1 and 3 (p=0.914) and 2 and 3 (p=0.938). In conclusion, although the group prepared by a general dentist differed statistically from the other groups in terms of amount of dentin removal, this difference was clinically irrelevant. The NSK reciprocating handpiece powered by an electric engine was proved an effective auxiliary tool in root canal preparation, regardless of the operator's skills.

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24

Malaquias, Augusto César Teixeira, Nilton Antônio Diniz Netto, Roberto Berlini Rodrigues da Costa, and José Guilherme Coelho Baêta. "Combined effects of internal exhaust gas recirculation and tumble motion generation in a flex-fuel direct injection engine." Energy Conversion and Management 217 (August 2020): 113007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113007.

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25

Roso, Vinícius Rückert, Nathália Duarte Souza Alvarenga Santos, Carlos Eduardo Castilla Alvarez, Fernando Antonio Rodrigues Filho, Fabricio José Pacheco Pujatti, and Ramon Molina Valle. "Effects of mixture enleanment in combustion and emission parameters using a flex-fuel engine with ethanol and gasoline." Applied Thermal Engineering 153 (May 2019): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.03.012.

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26

Mazhar, H., T. Heyn, A. Pazouki, D. Melanz, A. Seidl, A. Bartholomew, A. Tasora, and D. Negrut. "CHRONO: a parallel multi-physics library for rigid-body, flexible-body, and fluid dynamics." Mechanical Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 12, 2013): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-4-49-2013.

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Abstract. The last decade witnessed a manifest shift in the microprocessor industry towards chip designs that promote parallel computing. Until recently the privilege of a select group of large research centers, Teraflop computing is becoming a commodity owing to inexpensive GPU cards and multi to many-core x86 processors. This paradigm shift towards large scale parallel computing has been leveraged in CHRONO, a freely available C++ multi-physics simulation package. CHRONO is made up of a collection of loosely coupled components that facilitate different aspects of multi-physics modeling, simulation, and visualization. This contribution provides an overview of CHRONO::Engine, CHRONO::Flex, CHRONO::Fluid, and CHRONO::Render, which are modules that can capitalize on the processing power of hundreds of parallel processors. Problems that can be tackled in CHRONO include but are not limited to granular material dynamics, tangled large flexible structures with self contact, particulate flows, and tracked vehicle mobility. The paper presents an overview of each of these modules and illustrates through several examples the potential of this multi-physics library.

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Prasetyawan, Purwono, Selamet Samsugi, and Rizky Prabowo. "Internet of Thing Menggunakan Firebase dan Nodemcu untuk Helm Pintar." Jurnal ELTIKOM 5, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31961/eltikom.v5i1.239.

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Pemerintah indonesia sudah membuat undang undang dengan tujuan keselamatan dalam berkendara, namun sebagian masyarakat masih melanggarnya, terutama dalam mengenakan helm standar dan berkendara dalam kondisi lelah atau mengantuk. Hal ini perlu dikampanyekan untuk kesadaran masyarakat. Salah satu tren teknologi di era industri 4.0 adalah Internet of Things (IoT). Dalam artikel ini membahas pemanfaatan teknologi IoT untuk membantu keselamatan pengendara dalam upaya preventif dengan mendesain prototipe helm pintar. Helm ini mempunyai kepintaran untuk memaksa pengendara mengenakan helm dengan benar (helmet detection) dan mengingatkan pengendara bilamana mengantuk (drowsiness detection). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode experimental, menerapkan platform Firebase dan NodeMCU untuk menghadirkan konsep IoT dalam implementasi fungsionalitas helm pintar tersebut. Accelerometer MPU6050 digunakan untuk drowsiness detection dan untuk helmet detection menggunakan flex sensor disertai switch untuk memastikan sabuk helm sudah dikenakan dengan baik. Aktuator dari deteksi helm adalah relay (kontak ke engine motor), sedangkan aktuator deteksi kantuk adalah buzzer (suara beep). Dua fungsionalitas helm pintar ini berjalan dengan baik. Adapun nilai akurasi untuk deteksi kantuk adalah 78% dan untuk deteksi helm 100%.

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Bharath Kumar, B., M. Rajesh, and K. Srinivas. "Performance and Emission Analysis of Flex Seed Oil Blended With Diesel Using Methyl Esters as Additive On VCR Engine." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 17, no. 3 (November 25, 2014): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v17p221.

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29

Glosson, Charles R., Robert H. Haller, S. Brent Dove, and Carlos E. del Rio. "A comparison of root canal preparations using Ni-Ti hand, Ni-Ti engine-driven, and K-Flex endodontic instruments." Journal of Endodontics 21, no. 3 (March 1995): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)80441-3.

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30

dos Santos Filho, Dinecio, André Paulo Tschiptschin, and Hélio Goldenstein. "Effects of ethanol content on cast iron cylinder wear in a flex-fuel internal combustion engine–A case study." Wear 406-407 (July 2018): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2018.04.003.

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31

Fritzen, Katharina, Kornelia Basinska, Constantin Stautner, Karl F. Braun, Matilde Rubio-Almanza, Antonio Nicolucci, Brian Kennon, Bruno Vergès, Yasser Hosny, and Oliver Schnell. "Budget Impact of Improved Diabetes Management by Utilization of Glucose Meters With a Color-Range Indicator—Comparison of Five European Healthcare Systems." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 14, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296819864665.

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Background and Aim: Costs for the treatment of diabetes and its comorbidities are a major international issue. A recent randomized clinical trial showed that the introduction of color range indicator (CRI)-based glucose meters (GMs) positively affects the HbA1c of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, when compared to GMs without a CRI. This budget impact analysis aimed to translate this beneficial effect of CRI-based GMs, OneTouch Verio Flex and OneTouch Verio, into potential monetary impact for the healthcare systems of five European countries, Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom. Material and Methods: Data from a randomized controlled trial, evaluating the effect of CRI-based GMs, were used to estimate the ten-year risk of patients for fatal myocardial infarction (MI) as calculated by the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine. On the basis of assessed risks for MI, the potential monetary impact for the healthcare systems in five European countries was modeled. Results: Based on a mean HbA1c reduction of 0.36%, as demonstrated in a randomized controlled trial, the UKPDS risk engine estimated a reduction of 2.4% of the ten-year risk of patients for fatal MI. When applied to our economic model, substantial potential cost savings for the healthcare systems of five European countries were calculated: €547 472 (France), €9.0 million (Germany), €6.0 million (Italy), €841 799 (Spain), and €421 069 (United Kingdom) per year. Conclusion: Improving metabolic control in patients with diabetes by the utilization of CRI-based GMs may have substantial positive effects on the expenditure of the healthcare systems of several European countries.

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Suharto, Agus, and Joko Sedyono. "Sifat Mekanis pada Kompon Karet Alam Variasi Campuran Serbuk Ban Bekas untuk Aplikasi Bantalan Mesin." Creative Research in Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/cerie.v1i1.9486.

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Rubber is a good material used for engine mounting because it has good elastic and damping properties. To obtain good mechanical and damping properties, fillers can be added such as carbon black, nylon powder and silica. In this study used used tire crumb as filler material. With the method of adding used tire powder 0 phr, 6 phr, 12 phr, 18 phr sequentially on natural rubber compound A, B, C, and D. Rubber compounds made in this process are tested to determine the mechanical properties and Dumping vibrations. Tests carried out namely, strength and elongation at break, hardness, tearing strength, flex crack resistance and dumping vibration ( ability to reduce acceleration of vibration propagation ). The test results show a decrease in the strength of 21.7 N / mm², 20.9 N / mm², 20.3N / mm², 20.5 N / mm², and also at the elongation at break test with an average of 430%, 415%, 423%, 425%. Sequentially on A, B, C and D vulcanizates. Trends of hardness test chart to increase 61 Shore A, 63 Shore A, 64 Shore A and 65 Shore A, while the tear strength also shows an increase and decrease with an average yield of 12.5 N / mm², 12.6 N / mm², 11.3 N / mm², 13.3 N / mm² on A, B, C and D vulcanizates.

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Velandia Vargas, Jorge Enrique, Joaquim E. A. Seabra, Carla K. N. Cavaliero, Arnaldo C. S. Walter, Simone P. Souza, and Daniela G. Falco. "The New Neighbor across the Street: An Outlook for Battery Electric Vehicles Adoption in Brazil." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11030060.

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As the automotive industry steers towards electromobility and electric vehicle adoption surges, Brazil and other Latin-American countries remain laggards. The Brazilian scenario exhibits unique features, such as a powerful automotive sector with large investments in internal combustion engine technology and a well-established biofuels market based on flex-fuel technology. Although energy security, urban air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, and technological advantage have been common drivers for the adoption of electric vehicles worldwide, the Brazilian immediate motivations are different, and the biofuels business ecosystem is likely to transform the path for electromobility. High tag price and public charging infrastructure absence have deeply discouraged electric vehicles adoption. A lack of regulation and a national consensus about the role of electric vehicles have been notorious. In fact, only in 2018 did the electricity regulatory agency (ANEEL) issue a resolution permitting the sale of electricity for recharging. The objective of this review was to create an outlook of the Brazilian transportation landscape. We identified relevant players, public charging infrastructure initiatives, market and other barriers, and regulation actions by consulting academic literature, media sources, and reports. We do not claim to predict the evolution of electrification. Instead, we aim to consolidate the information which can be used for decision support or strategy definition among entrepreneurs or policymakers. The main findings here are the necessity of a model for electrification able to create a synergy with biofuels and the urgency of having well-defined policies on what Brazil wants from electromobility.

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Ginsberg, Matthew L. "Satsisfiability and Systematicity." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 53 (July 30, 2015): 497–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4684.

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We introduce a new notion of systematicity for satisfiability algorithms with restarts, saying that an algorithm is strongly systematic if it is systematic independent of restart policy but weakly systematic if it is systematic for some restart policies but not others. We show that existing satisfiability engines are generally only weakly systematic, and describe FLEX, a strongly systematic algorithm that uses an amount of memory polynomial in the size of the problem. On large number factoring problems, FLEX appears to outperform weakly systematic approaches.

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Dejima, Kazuhito, Osamu Nakabeppu, Yuto Nakamura, Tomohiro Tsuchiya, and Keisuke Nagasaka. "Three-point MEMS heat flux sensor for turbulent heat transfer measurement in internal combustion engines." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 7 (April 18, 2018): 696–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418770308.

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A heat flux sensor was developed with micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technologies for investigating turbulent heat transfer characteristics in engines. The sensor has three thin-film resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) of a square 315 µm on a side on a 900 µm diameter circle in rotational symmetry. The performances of the MEMS systems sensor were tested in an open combustion chamber and a laboratory engine. In the open chamber tests, it was revealed that the MEMS sensor can measure the wall heat fluxes reflecting flow states of gas phase. In addition, the noise was evaluated as 3.8 kW/m2 with the standard deviation against the wall heat flux of a few hundred kW/m2. From these results, it was proved that the MEMS sensor has the potential to observe turbulent heat transfer on the order over 10 kW/m2 in the engine. In the laboratory engine test, the wall heat flux for continuous 200 cycles was measured with a good signal-to-noise ratio. The noise was evaluated as 13.4 kW/m2 with the standard deviation despite the noisy environment. Furthermore, it was proved that the MEMS sensor has the comparable scale with the turbulence in the engine because the three adjacent detectors measured similar but different phase oscillations in the local instantaneous heat fluxes. In addition, a heat flux vector reflecting the state of the local instantaneous heat transfer was visualized by the adjacent three-point measurement. It is expected that the three-point MEMS sensor will be a useful tool for the engine heat transfer research.

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Polovinka, E. M. "MODELING OF FUEL INJECTION PROCESSES OF RT-FLEX ENGINES ACCUMULATOR COMMON RAIL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM." Ship power plants 39, no. 1 (May 5, 2019): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/smf39.2019.115-128.

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The summary: the article presents hydrodynamic processes modeling results of RT-flex engines common rail fuel injection accumulator system. The analysis of the structural elements of the system is given; their functions and their combined action algorithm are considered. A mathematical model of fuel injection processes has been developed and their computer model created. The calculation procedure has been worked out; the example of calculation has been completed. The analysis of processes in the main elements and sections of the system has been performed.

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Cocian, Grigore, and Catalin Popa. "Experimental Studies for Reducing Flux Consumptions in Atmospheric Controlled Brazing of Aluminum Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.69.

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Increasing performances of thermal engines and the emission reduction requirements force the functioning point of the engines to have higher temperatures, recirculation of a fraction of exhaust gases, and also higher pressure in the engine compartment. These requirements have an impact on the technical and corrosion resistance characteristics of the aluminum heat exchangers that equip these engines. Brazing technology of aluminum alloys is the most energetically effective method, having a low impact on the environment; it consists of a controlled atmosphere binding using NOKOLOK fluxes. The first downside of this method is the flux which even if is chemically inert at ambient temperature, necessitates cleaning operations at the surface of the material, the powders can become an environmental problem if they are not handled carefully; the second downside is the residual flux that resides at outlet and inlet surfaces of the brazed structure can react with the hot cooling agents giving birth to some kind of gel which can alter the heat exchanger’s functionality; the flux particles, in solid state, may detach from the surfaces and may be driven into the cooling loop leading to corrosion of the parts of which the cooling loop is composed of. This paper presents some experimental methods which reduce the flux consumption carried out at RAAL S.A. in their horizontal and vertical controlled atmosphere brazing ovens. These methods point out a significant consumption drop of flux. As a direct consequence we obtained a significant reduction of the residual flux and also the next direction of experimental investigations for obtaining a minimum flux quantity required for the brazing process to run.

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Buttsworth, D. R. "Transient response of an erodable heat flux gauge using finite element analysis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440700221600808.

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The transient response of an erodable ribbon element heat flux gauge has been assessed using a two-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis. Such transient heat flux gauges have previously been used for measurements in internal combustion (IC) engines. To identify the heat flux from the measurements of surface temperature, it is commonly assumed that the heat transfer within these devices is one-dimensional. A corollary of the one-dimensional treatment is that only one value of the thermal product, , is needed for identification of the transient heat flux, even though erodable heat flux gauges are constructed from at least two different materials. The current results demonstrate that two-dimensional transient heat conduction effects have a significant influence on the surface temperature measurements made with these devices. For the ribbon element gauge and timescales of interest in IC engine studies, using a one-dimensional analysis (and hence a single value of ) will lead to substantial inaccuracy in the derived heat flux measurements.

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Kade, Richard. "De Profundus: Adumbrative Reflections?" Leonardo 33, no. 3 (June 2000): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409400552432.

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Leonardo was a man who designed war engines. He also anatomized, stripped The flesh from the body And saw the soul; made perspective From a flat sheet flex Round as a moving limb. Transmuted the past to the future In a credible flying device. He inspired a journal's creation over four centuries later; A journal of fine art that grips The same universe as Leonardo And fills it with vigor. That covers the whole field of inquiry made possible with Modern scientific techniques. The art is new. The journal is Leonardo. Subscription is a solid chunk of man's future.

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Tsuchiya, Tomohiro, Keisuke Nagasaka, Kazuhito Dejima, Yuto Nakamura, and Osamu Nakabeppu. "Development of Heat flux sensor for automobile engine." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2016 (2016): E221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2016.e221.

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Yoshida, Takamasa, Taichi Yazaki, Hiroaki Hutagi, and Kazuhiro Hamaguchi. "B222 Work Flux Measurements in Pulse Tube Engine." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2009.14 (2009): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2009.14.301.

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Yoshida, Takamasa, Taichi Yazaki, Hiroaki Hutagi, and Kazuhiro Hamaguchi. "C06 Work Flux Measurements in Pulse Tube Engine." Proceedings of the Symposium on Stirlling Cycle 2008.11 (2008): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmessc.2008.11.85.

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NAGASAKA, Keisuke, Tomohiro TSUCHIYA, Yuto NAKAMURA, Kazuhito DEJIMA, and Osamu NAKABEPPU. "Heat Flux Sensor on Metal Substrate for Engine." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2016 (2016): J0720102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.j0720102.

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Mahmud, Rizal, Toru Kurisu, Keiya Nishida, Yoichi Ogata, Jun Kanzaki, and Onur Akgol. "Effects of injection pressure and impingement distance on flat-wall impinging spray flame and its heat flux under diesel engine-like condition." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 7 (July 2019): 168781401986291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019862910.

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Heat loss is one of the main causes of energy losses in modern direct injection diesel engines. This heat loss of the engine occurs during combustion, mainly due to the heat transfer between the impinging spray flame and the piston cavity wall. It is of more critical in small size engines. In order to decrease heat transfer, we need to examine the phenomenon of heat transfer through the combustion chamber walls more fully. To achieve this, we investigated the effects of flame impingement on transient heat flux to the wall. By using a constant volume vessel with a fixed impingement wall, the surface heat flux of the wall at the locations of spray flame impingement was measured with three thin film thermocouple heat flux sensors. The combined effect of impingement distance and injection pressure on the heat transfer was investigated parametrically. The results showed that an increase of injection pressure with longer impinging distance led to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient, which had a dominant effect on local heat flux compared with local temperature distribution. Moreover, we confirmed that the relation between Nusselt number and Reynolds number is a useful measure for describing the heat transfer phenomena in diesel combustion.

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45

Bani-Melhem, Shaker, Faridahwati Mohd. Shamsudin, Rawan Mazen Abukhait, and Samina Quratulain. "Paranoid personality and frontline employee’s proactive work behaviours: a moderated mediation model of empathetic leadership and perceived psychological safety." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 31, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-05-2020-0104.

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PurposeThis study expands on research related to the dark side of personality traits by examining how individual dark personality affects proactive work behaviours. Specifically, the authors consider paranoia as a dark personality trait and propose that it negatively relates to perceived psychological safety and indirectly affects frontline employees' (FLEs) willingness to report customer complaints as well as their extra-role customer service. The authors also posit that empathetic leadership is a focal, contextual factor that mitigates the impact of paranoia on perceived psychological safety and, consequently, the willingness to report customer complaints and engage in extra-role customer service behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe model was tested on a sample of 252 FLEs using process macro (Hayes, 2017) and AMOS. Data were collected from FLEs working in different hospitality organisations using a time-lagged design; supervisor-rated employee extra-role customer service was also measured.FindingsThe authors found that FLEs with a paranoid personality trait had a lesser sense of psychological safety at work, which reduced their willingness to engage in proactive work behaviours. However, this negative effect was mitigated by the presence of an empathetic leader.Originality/valueThe results are important because research has yet to determine which actions managers should take to counter the negative effects of dark personalities in the workplace.

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Vijapur, Diksha, Christhina Candido, Özgür Göçer, and Shirley Wyver. "A Ten-Year Review of Primary School Flexible Learning Environments: Interior Design and IEQ Performance." Buildings 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11050183.

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Flexible Learning Environments (FLEs) arose as enablers for implementation of student-centric pedagogical approaches. Interior design is the key to the success of FLEs, providing the physical infrastructure needed for students to engage on several learning activities, from individual to group work, which take place in a variety of zones ranging from low to high energy. Therefore, a harmonious synergy between the interior design and subsequent Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) performance of FLEs’ physical configuration and learning activities is needed. The objective of this paper is to systematically review (in accordance with the PRISMA method) existing literature related to FLEs within primary school settings, typically catering to children aged 5–12 years old, to understand the body of work investigating the design and performance of FLEs over the last decade (2010–2020). Key findings suggest that the proximity and acoustic and visual permeability of zones found in FLEs may give rise to inadequate IEQ conditions delivered to students. In addition, it could be inferred from the results of the literature review that interior design and IEQ have not been sufficiently investigated in an integrated manner.

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Yoshida, T., T. Yazaki, H. Futaki, K. Hamaguchi, and T. Biwa. "Work flux density measurements in a pulse tube engine." Applied Physics Letters 95, no. 4 (July 27, 2009): 044101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3187546.

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Meingast, U., L. Reichelt, and U. Renz. "Measuring transient wall heat flux under diesel engine conditions." International Journal of Engine Research 5, no. 5 (October 2004): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1468087042320960.

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ESHIMA, Makoto, Yoshinori NAGASE, Shigeki TOMOMATSU, and Masatoshi KIMURA. "J23 Study on Improvement of Heat Flux Measurement on Combustion Chamber of Engine : Examination of Components of Heat Flux Probe using Engine." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2008.61 (2008): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2008.61.325.

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50

Mohammed, Ibrahim, Abd Rahim Abu Talib, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan3, and Syamimi Sadoon. "Fire behavioural and mechanical properties of carbon fibre reinforced aluminium laminate composites for aero-engine." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.13 (October 9, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21323.

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Two different properties of fibre-metal laminate composites (FML), including the fire behaviour and mechanical properties, were experimentally studied in this paper. The fibre-metal laminate composites studied were made of aluminium alloy 2024-T3, carbon fibre, flax, kenaf and epoxy resin/hardener arranged in different forms. The aims of the study are to assess the fire behaviour of the composites using ISO2685 standard and mechanical properties of the composite after withstanding the burn-through according to the standard. The fire test was carried out using ISO2685 standard using a propane-air burner, whereby the propane gas and air serves as the fluid to the system. The universal testing machine of the 100 kN load cell and gun tunnel were used for the mechanical properties test according to each test standard. The fire results showed that three of the FML composites considered in the study are fireproof composites while carbon fibre kenaf reinforced aluminium laminate (CARALL4) is a fire resistant composite. Carbon fibre reinforced aluminium laminate with aluminium alloy at the front and the rear face (CARALL2) withstood higher flame temperature than the other FML composites with 14.4%, 49.0% and 82.8% greater than CARALL1, CARALL3 and CARALL4 in terms of thermal conductivity. In terms of mechanical properties, it was also CARALL2 that has higher tensile, compressive, flexural and impact strength. Therefore, the study showed that carbon fibre flax reinforced aluminium laminate (CARALL3) which is the hybrid composite with green fibre can compete with fibre-metal laminate composites of pure synthetic fibre in terms of their properties.

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