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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flexible AC transmission systems

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Academic literature on the topic 'Flexible AC transmission systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Flexible AC transmission systems"

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Kumar, Keshav, Praveen Kumar, and Kusum Meena. "Concepts and Technology of Flexible Ac Transmission Systems." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21746.

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HAMMONS, T. J., and S. K. LIM. "FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS (FACTS)." Electric Machines & Power Systems 25, no. 1 (January 1997): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07313569708955725.

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Moore, P., and P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 1." Power Engineering Journal 9, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19950610.

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Padiyar, K. R., and A. M. Kulkarni. "Flexible AC transmission systems: A status review." Sadhana 22, no. 6 (December 1997): 781–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02745845.

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Pradhan, A. K., A. Routray, and Banaja Mohanty. "Maximum efficiency of flexible AC transmission systems." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 28, no. 8 (October 2006): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2006.03.014.

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Georgilakis, Pavlos S., and Peter G. Vernados. "Flexible AC Transmission System Controllers: An Evaluation." Materials Science Forum 670 (December 2010): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.670.399.

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Electricity market activities and a growing demand for electricity have led to heavily stressed power systems. This requires operation of the networks closer to their stability limits. Cost effective solutions are preferred over network extensions. The flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS), a new technology based on power electronics, offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of ac transmission systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review and evaluation of FACTS controllers.

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Wenzel, Timo, and Thomas Leibfried. "Vacuum Circuit Breakers in Flexible AC Transmission Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 27, no. 1 (January 2012): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2011.2172820.

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Singh, S. N. "Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers: an overview." International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy 4, no. 3/4 (2006): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetp.2006.009973.

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Lie, Tjing T., and Wanhong Deng. "Optimal flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices allocation." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 19, no. 2 (February 1997): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-0615(96)00036-1.

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Liyi, Chen, Pu Tianjiao, Li Linchuan, Dong Lei, and Kang Xi. "Load Flow Calculation for Flexible AC Transmission Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 17 (August 1997): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46409-3.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flexible AC transmission systems"

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Xue, Chang-Fei. "Modelling and control of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425979.

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Fuerte, Esquivel Claudio Rubén. "Steady state modelling and analysis of flexible AC transmission systems." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4616/.

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As electric utilities move into more competitive generation supply regimes, with limited scope to expand transmission facilities, the optimisation of existing transmission corridors for power transfer becomes of paramount importance. In this scenario, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) technology, which aims at increasing system operation flexibility, appear as an attractive alternative. Many of the ideas upon which the foundations of FACTS rest were conceived some time ago. Nevertheless, FACTS as a single coherent integrated philosophy is a newly developed concept in electrical power systems which has received the backing of the major manufacturers of electrical equipment and utilities around the world. It is looking at ways of capitalising on the new developments taking place in the area of high-voltage and highcurrent power electronics in order to increase the control of the power flows in the high voltage side of the network during both steady state and transient conditions, so as to make the network electronically controllable. In order to examine the applicability and functional specifications of FACTS devices, it is necessary to develop accurate and flexible digital models of these controllers and to upgrade most of the software tools used by planners and operators of electric power systems. The aim of this work is to develop general steady-state models FACTS devices, suitable for the analysis of positive sequence power flows in, large-scale real life electric power systems.Generalised nodal admittance models are developed for the Advance Series Compensator (ASC), Phase Shifter (PS), Static Var Compensator (SVC), Load Tap Changer (LTC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). In the case of the ASC, two models are presented, the Variable Series Compensator (VSC) and the Thyristor Controlled Series CapacitorFiring Angle (TCSC-F A). An alternative UPFC model based on the concept of Synchronous Voltage Source (SVS) is also developed. The Interphase Power Controller (IPC) is modelled by combining PSs and VSCs nodal admittance models. The combined solution of the power flow equations pertaining to the FACTS devices models and the power network is described in this thesis. The set of non-linear equations is solved through a Newton-Rapshon technique. In this unified iterative environment, the FACTS device state variables are adjusted automatically together with the nodal network state variables so as to satisfy a specified nodal voltage magnitudes and specified power flows. Guidelines and methods for implementing FACTS devices and their adjustments within the Newton-Rapshon algorithm are described. It is shown that large increments in the adjustments of FACTS devices and nodal network state variables during the backward substitution may dent the algorithm's quadratic convergence. Suitable strategies are given which avoid large changes in these variables and retain the Newton-RapshRapshon method's quadratic convergence. The influence of initial conditions of FACTS devices state variables on the iterative process is investigated. Suitable initialisation guidelines are recommended. Where appropriate, analytical equations are given to assure good initial conditions.

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Farsangi, Malihe Maghfouri. "Robust control of flexible AC transmission systems for damping power system oscillations." Thesis, Brunel University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269400.

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Hasanovic, Azra. "Modeling and control of the unified power flow controller (UPFC)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1633.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 78 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63).

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Perez, Hugo Ambriz. "Flexible AC transmission systems modelling in optimal power flows using Newton's method." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301856.

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Zeraatzade, Mahbube. "Transmission congestion management by optimal placement of FACTS devices." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4710.

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This thesis describes the implementation of the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices to develop a market-based approach to the problem of transmission congestion management in a Balancing Market. The causes, remedies and pricing methods of transmission congestion are briefly reviewed. Balancing Market exists in markets in which most of the trading is done via decentralized bilateral contracts. In these markets only final adjustments necessary to ensure secure system operation is carried out at a centralized Balancing Market. Each market player can participate in the Balancing Market by submitting offers and bids to increase and decrease its initially submitted active generation output. In this research a method is proposed to reduce costs associated with congestion re-dispatch in a Balancing Market by optimal placement of FACTS devices, and in particular Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter Transformers (TCPST). The proposed technique is applicable to both Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP). In the MILP a power system network is represented by a simplified DC power flow under a MILP structure and the Market participants' offers and bids are also represented by linear models. Results show that applications of FACTS devices can significantly reduce costs of congestion re-dispatch. The application of the method based on the MINLP creates a nonlinear and non-convex AC OPF problem that might be trapped in local sub-optima solutions. The reliability of the solution that determines the optimal placement of FACTS devices is an important issue and is carried out by investigation of alternative solvers. The behavior of the MINLP solvers is presented and finally the best solvers for this particular optimization problem are introduced. The application of DC OPF is very common in industry. The accuracy of the DC OPF results is investigated and a comparison between the DC and AC OPF is presented.

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Huang, Han. "Analysis and control of modular multilevel cascaded converter-based flexible AC transmission systems." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22886/.

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Mok, Tsz-kin, and 莫子建. "Modeling, analysis and control design for the UPFC with fuzzy theory and genetic algorithm application." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224969.

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Masuda, Mario. "Aplicação do dispositivo FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) em sistema de distribuição -simulação de desempenho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-08122006-161400/.

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As novas tecnologias FACTS aplicadas ao sistema de transmissão, com base em eletrônica de potência, podem também ser úteis à distribuição. Para tal é preciso conduzir um procedimento de consolidação da utilização e do desempenho destas, para sua aplicação sem riscos. Neste trabalho, dois aspectos serão contemplados. O primeiro se refere à aplicação do dispositivo FACTS atuando como um capacitor série. Em se tendo controle de módulo e da fase da tensão inserida em série com a linha pode-se fazê-la comportar-se como uma queda em uma reatância série capacitiva ou indutiva. O controle dessa reatância série (aumentando/diminuindo) permitirá a aplicação do conceito de compensação série em qualquer ponto do sistema de distribuição, provendo benefícios de um controle contínuo da tensão e também do controle do fluxo de carga no sistema independente da corrente. O segundo aspecto refere-se ao uso dos dispositivos na conexão de alimentadores controlando a potência ativa entre eles. Para esta operação outro dispositivo UPFC, com conceito similar ao descrito acima, entretanto atuando na fase da tensão entre 2 barras, comporta-se como um transformador defasador com variação contínua de ?taps?, podendo controlar a potência ativa entre os alimentadores. A aplicação destas tecnologias propiciarão vários benefícios para a expansão da distribuição tais como, flexibilização do uso da rede, interligação de alimentadores permitindo manobras de blocos de energia sem ?pisca?, ajuste contínuo do suporte de reativos durante a operação, controle dinâmico do fluxo de potência. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a aplicabilidade da tecnologia FACTS e estender este conceito para aplicação em sistemas de distribuição e conduzir simulações digitais em redes de distribuição (15kV) identificando o desempenho e os benefícios atingidos. O programa de simulação utilizado é o ATP (Alternative Transients Program).
The new FACTS technologies applied to the transmission system, based on power electronics, can also be useful to the distribution. For that, it is necessary to drive a procedure to consolidate the use and the performance for their application without risks. In this work two aspects will be approached. The first refers to the application of a FACTS device acting as series compensator. This device will be able to control the voltage in module and phase in order to act as a voltage drop in a serie reactance with capacitive or inductive features. The control of this series reactance (increasing/ decreasing) will allow the application of series compensation concept to any point of the distribution system, providing the benefits of continuous control of the voltage added to the load flow control in the system independent of the current. The second aspect refers to its use in the connection of two feeders controlling the active power between them. For this operation other device, UPFC, with similar concept as described previously, acts mainly in the phase of the injected voltage in the line, performing as a phase-shift with continuous taps variation and is able to control the active power flow between feeders. The application of this technology will provide several benefits for the distribution expansion, such as, a greater flexibility in the use of the network, connection of feeders without load flow interruption, continuous adjust of reactive power during the operation and dynamic control of power flow. The purpose of this work is to study the applicability of the FACTS technology, to extend this concept for the application in the distribution system by using digital simulations in distribution network up to 15kV identifying the performance and the reached benefits.

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Li, Peng. "New types of voltage source converters applied in flexible AC transmission system devices." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25774.

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The uses of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) controllers in next generation smart grids are encouraged by the increased uses of decentralized and highly meshed grid structures that may affect the stability of power systems. Voltage source converter (VSC) based FACTS devices have reduced footprint and offer increased control flexibility, extended range and faster reaction time than line commutated thyristor based equivalent solutions. The performance of commonly used FACTS devices that employ a two-level converter is summarized. Then, multilevel converters and direct AC-AC converters which are viable for FACTS applications are reviewed. The outcomes of the literature surveys are refined to identify new features that may be critical for future centralised and decentralized smart grids such as: control range extension, improved efficiency and power density at reduced hardware cost. To pursue these features, three novel VSC topologies are proposed and analysed: An AC voltage-doubled (ACVD) topology with an internal inverting buck-boost cell in each phase-leg, is able to synthesize twice the output voltage of a conventional two-level VSC for the same dc link voltage, is proposed. A number of new modulation and control strategies that aim to further increase DC utilization of the ACVD converter and to manage its internal dynamic interaction to prevent the appearance of low-order harmonics in the output currents, are presented. With its high DC-rail utilization and sophisticated control strategies, the ACVD converter offers an extended power control range, which is increasingly important for shunt and series type FACTS devices. The controlled transition full-bridge hybrid multilevel converter (CTFB-HMC) with chain-links of full-bridge cells is proposed to combine the advantages of improved wave-shaping ability, reduced footprint and high efficiency, which promote its applications in medium and high voltage FACTS devices. An AC hexagonal chopper using heterodyne modulation to decouple the control of AC voltage amplitude from that of the phase-angle is proposed. For scalability to medium and high voltage, a modular multilevel AC hexagonal chopper (M2AHC) is developed. With adoption of a quasi-two-level transitional mode for reduced cell number and minimized footprint, dv/dt is limited and reliability is improved. Simulation and experimentation are used to validate the modulation, control and FACTS implementation of the three proposed converters.

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Books on the topic "Flexible AC transmission systems"

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Nilsson, Stig L., ed. Flexible AC Transmission Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71926-9.

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Zhang, Xiao-Ping, Christian Rehtanz, and Bikash Pal. Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Modelling and Control. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28241-6.

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Zhang, Xiao-Ping. Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Modelling and Control. 2nd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., ed. Current activity in flexible AC transmission systems, FACTS. Piscataway, NJ (P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway 08855): Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992.

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Laszlo, Gyugyi, ed. Understanding FACTS: Concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2000.

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Hingorani, Narain G. Understanding FACTS: Concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems. Edited by Gyugyi Laszlo and IEEE Xplore (Online service). New York: IEEE Press, 2000.

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Sen, Kalyan K. FACTS controllers: Theory, modeling, and applications for electric transmission systems. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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Inc, ebrary, ed. FACTS controllers in power transmission and distributio. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2007.

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Enrique, Acha, ed. FACTS: Modelling and simulation in power networks. Chichester: J. Wiley, 2004.

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Weimin, Du, and Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, eds. Flexible compensation of workflow processes. Palo Alto, Calif: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Technical Publications Dept., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flexible AC transmission systems"

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Westermann, Dirk. "Flexible AC Transmission Systems." In Elektrische Energieversorgung 3, 277–396. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49021-1_7.

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Crastan, Valentin, and Dirk Westermann. "Flexible AC Transmission Systems." In Elektrische Energieversorgung 3, 271–395. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20100-4_7.

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Bhowmick, Suman. "Facts and Facts Controllers." In Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), 1–32. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315222431-1.

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Bhowmick, Suman. "Introduction to the Newton—Raphson Method and the Power Flow Problem." In Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), 33–61. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315222431-2.

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Bhowmick, Suman. "Newton Power Flow Model of the Static Synchronous Series Compensator." In Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), 63–102. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315222431-3.

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Bhowmick, Suman. "Newton Power Flow Model of the Unified Power Flow Controller." In Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), 103–38. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315222431-4.

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Bhowmick, Suman. "Newton Power Flow Model of the Interline Power Flow Controller." In Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), 139–70. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315222431-5.

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Bhowmick, Suman. "Newton Power Flow Model of the Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller." In Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), 171–220. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315222431-6.

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Bhowmick, Suman. "Newton Power Flow Model of the Static Compensator." In Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), 221–46. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315222431-7.

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Bhowmick, Suman. "Newton Power Flow Modeling of Voltage-Sourced Converter Based HVDC Systems." In Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), 247–61. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315222431-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flexible AC transmission systems"

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Okeke, Therese Uzochukwuamaka, and Ramy Georgious Zaher. "Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)." In 2013 International Conference on New Concepts in Smart Cities: Fostering Public and Private Alliances (SmartMILE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartmile.2013.6708208.

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Coates, D. "FACTS: a transmission utility perspective." In IEE Colloquium Flexible AC Transmission Systems - the FACTS. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980968.

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De-Preville, Guillaume. "Wind farm Flexible AC Transmission Systems." In 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2007.4417789.

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Jenkins, N. "Power electronics applied to the distribution system." In IEE Colloquium Flexible AC Transmission Systems - the FACTS. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980969.

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Gyugyi, L. "Converter-based FACTS controllers." In IEE Colloquium Flexible AC Transmission Systems - the FACTS. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980967.

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Young, D. "Hitting a moving target with relocatable SVCs." In IEE Colloquium Flexible AC Transmission Systems - the FACTS. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980970.

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Hanson, D. J. "A transmission SVC for National Grid Company plc incorporating a ±75 MVAr STATCOM." In IEE Colloquium Flexible AC Transmission Systems - the FACTS. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980971.

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Stromberg, G. "Thyristor controlled series capacitor." In IEE Colloquium Flexible AC Transmission Systems - the FACTS. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980972.

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Schauder, C. "The unified power flow controller - a concept becomes reality." In IEE Colloquium Flexible AC Transmission Systems - the FACTS. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980973.

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Kechroud, A., J. M. A. Myrzik, and W. Kling. "Taking the experience from Flexible AC Transmission Systems to flexible AC distribution systems." In 2007 42nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/upec.2007.4469031.

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Reports on the topic "Flexible AC transmission systems"

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Frolov, Vladmir, Scott N. Backhaus, and Michael Chertkov. Scalable Heuristics for Planning, Placement and Sizing of Flexible AC Transmission System Devices. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1191123.

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Nguyen, Quan, Sheik Mohiuddin, Manisha Maharjan, Ahmad Tbaileh, Nimat Shamim, Bhaskar Mitra, Malini Ghosal, Nader Samaan, and Jinho Kim. High-Power and Flexible Low-Frequency AC Transmission for Renewable Integration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1975743.

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Litzenberger, Wayne, and Val Lava. An Annotated Bibliography of High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission and Flexible AC Transmission (FACTS) Devices, 1991-1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10170928.

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Nuqui, Reynaldo, and V. R. Ramanan. Cyber Resilient Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (XFACTS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1873108.

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Wang, Zhaoyu, and Leigh Tesfatsion. Flexible Service Contracting for Risk Management within Integrated Transmission and Distribution Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1870960.

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Tobiasson, Wenche, and Tooraj Jamasb. Public Acceptance in Sustainable Grid Development – A New Approach. Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/csei.pb.001.

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In the course of the transition from carbon extensive power generation to low carbon technologies, the electricity grid will face technical as well as non-technical challenges. Transmission systems are required to tackle the change from highly flexible, centralized generation technologies to fluctuating, unpredictable and decentralized power generation. The grid often needs to be extended to ensure security of supply. While the benefits of the projects affect the whole system, their social costs are local. This mismatch of costs and benefits is a source of conflict and requires new approaches to grid development.

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Peterson, Warren. PR-663-20208-Z01 CO2e Economic Analysis Tool. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012079.

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The CO2e Economic Analysis Tool (CEAT) is a spreadsheet-based application for comparing project alternatives that are sensitive to GHG emission rates, emission levies or other financial parameters. The tool is applicable to hydrocarbon transportation systems, with an emphasis on natural gas transmission. CEAT provides a comparative forecast of benefits and expenses (including levies) from initial cash flow to arrival at the forecast horizon. Along with financial forecasting functions, the tool estimates the emissions associated with a wide range of hydrocarbon fluids (gas and liquid), electricity, thermal energy, and upstream transportation. The forecast model provides flexible configuration of CAPEX and O and M expenses and a customizable levy structure. The tool is Excel-based and requires version 16 or newer.

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Peterson, Warren. PR-663-20208-Z03 CO2e Economic Analysis Tool. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012255.

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The CO2e Economic Analysis Tool (CEAT) is a spreadsheet-based application for comparing project alternatives that are sensitive to GHG emission rates, emission levies, or other financial parameters. The tool is applicable to hydrocarbon transportation systems, with an emphasis on natural gas transmission. CEAT provides a comparative forecast of benefits and expenses (including levies) from initial cash flow to arrival at the forecast horizon. Along with financial forecasting functions, the tool estimates the emissions associated with a wide range of hydrocarbon fluids (gas and liquid), electricity, thermal energy, and upstream transportation. The forecast model provides flexible configuration of CAPEX and O and M expenses and a customizable levy structure. This download includes a copy of the report and a copy of the Excel-based CO2e Economic Analysis Tool software (aka CEAT). The spreadsheet and the associated report are licensed to single users as noted in the end-user license agreement that is contained in the zip file.

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Peterson, Warren. PR-663-20208-Z02 CO2e Economic Analysis Tool. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012191.

Full text

Abstract:

The CO2e Economic Analysis Tool (CEAT) is a spreadsheet-based application for comparing project alternatives that are sensitive to GHG emission rates, emission levies, or other financial parameters. The tool is applicable to hydrocarbon transportation systems, with an emphasis on natural gas transmission. CEAT provides a comparative forecast of benefits and expenses (including levies) from initial cash flow to arrival at the forecast horizon. Along with financial forecasting functions, the tool estimates the emissions associated with a wide range of hydrocarbon fluids (gas and liquid), electricity, thermal energy, and upstream transportation. The forecast model provides a flexible configuration of CAPEX and O and M expenses and a customizable levy structure. This updated version of the tool includes enhancements based on feedback from the first edition such as greater control of fuel use patterns. It also includes pre-designed, easily customizable analysis templates for situations that are likely to be repeated often in the field. The tool is Excel-based and requires version 16 or newer. This download includes a copy of the report and a copy of the Excel-based Check Mate software (aka Checkmate). The spreadsheet and the associated report are licensed to single users as noted in the end-user license agreement that is contained in the zip file.

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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).

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