Journal articles: 'Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)'

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HAMMONS, T. J., and S. K. LIM. "FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS (FACTS)." Electric Machines & Power Systems 25, no. 1 (January 1997): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07313569708955725.

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Singh, S. N. "Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers: an overview." International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy 4, no. 3/4 (2006): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetp.2006.009973.

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Lie, Tjing T., and Wanhong Deng. "Optimal flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices allocation." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 19, no. 2 (February 1997): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-0615(96)00036-1.

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Georgilakis, Pavlos S., and Peter G. Vernados. "Flexible AC Transmission System Controllers: An Evaluation." Materials Science Forum 670 (December 2010): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.670.399.

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Electricity market activities and a growing demand for electricity have led to heavily stressed power systems. This requires operation of the networks closer to their stability limits. Cost effective solutions are preferred over network extensions. The flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS), a new technology based on power electronics, offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of ac transmission systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review and evaluation of FACTS controllers.

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Moore, P., and P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 3: Conventional FACTS controllers." Power Engineering Journal 11, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19970408.

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Moore, P., and P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 4: Advanced FACTS controllers." Power Engineering Journal 12, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19980211.

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Dash, P. K., A. K. Pradhan, G. Panda, and A. C. Liew. "Adaptive relay setting for flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS)." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 15, no. 1 (2000): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.847226.

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Peng, Fang Z. "Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and Resilient AC Distribution Systems (RACDS) in Smart Grid." Proceedings of the IEEE 105, no. 11 (November 2017): 2099–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2017.2714022.

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Shakarian, Yu G., N. L. Novikov, P. V. Sokur, and A. N. Novikov. "Classification and Characteristics of Devices of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)." Power Technology and Engineering 52, no. 6 (March 2019): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10749-019-01022-y.

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Kumar, Prashant. "Enhancement of Power Quality by an Application FACTS Devices." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i1.pp10-17.

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The paper narrates widespread use of electrical energy by modern civilization has necessitated producing bulk electrical energy economically and efficiently. The Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) is a new technology based on power electronics, which offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of AC transmission systems. Here SVC has been developed with the combination of TCSC and TCR. The paper contains simulation models of Thyristor controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Thyristor controlled Reactor (TCR)-based Static VAR Compensator (SVC) which are the series and shunt Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The fact devices are designed by considering the line losses and their stability. The design and simulations of TCSC and TCR-based SVC shows the effectiveness of result using the MATLAB/Simulink. The designed system will try to reduce the voltage drops and electrical losses in the network without the possibility of transient especially in case of long transmission system. Student feedback indicates that this package is user-friendly and considerably effective for students and researchers to study theory of controlled reactor compensators, series capacitor compensator, and the reactive power control and voltage regulation..

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Ndlela, Nomihla Wandile, and Innocent Ewean Davidson. "Network Coordination between High-Voltage DC and High-Voltage AC Transmission Systems Using Flexible AC Transmission System Controllers." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 7402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197402.

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The strategic intent of the African Union is to develop a “Smart Integrated African Electric Power Super Grid” driven by modern tools and advances in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) engineering and flexible alternating current technology systems (FACTS), which is central in supporting Africa’s sustained economic growth and development. The southern African region, including South Africa, is beset by the critical challenges of perennial load-shedding, which impedes economic growth and aggravates unemployment. This has led to the insecurity of electricity supplies and degraded the quality of life. The parallel operation of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and flexible AC technology systems (FACTS) controllers is gaining traction as system conditions become more complex, such as weak power networks which requires increased stability requirements, resulting in load-shedding and power outages. These adversely affect business productivity and adversely affect GDP and economic growth. Thus, the application of innovative technologies such as HVDC links can stabilize weak power systems. It is established that HVDC delivery systems reduce losses in long transmission lines transporting bulk power compared with high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission lines for power wheeling. This paper evaluates the parallel operation of the Cahora Bassa 1414 km bipolar HVDC link and a weak parallel 400/330 kV alternating current (AC) link. It demonstrates the use of FACTS controllers to enhance the technical performance of an existing network, such as voltage control, and technical loss reduction. It combines an HVDC line commutated converter (LCC) and HVAC transmission lines, in hybrid notation to increase the voltage stability of the system by controlling the reactive power with a Static Var Compensator (SVC). These modern tools can increase the transmission power controllability and stability of the power network. In this study, HVDC–LCC was used with a setpoint of 1000 MW in conjunction with the 850 MVAr SVC. The results show that the technical losses were reduced by 0.24% from 84.32 MW to 60.32 MW as Apollo 275 kV SVC was utilized for voltage control. The network analysis was performed using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software that is manufactured by DIgSILENT GmbH at Gomaringen, Germany

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Shea, J. J. "Understanding FACTS-concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems [Book Review]." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 18, no. 1 (January 2002): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.2002.981326.

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Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, Joan Sau-Bassols, Eduardo Prieto-Araujo, and Marc Cheah-Mane. "Flexible Converters for Meshed HVDC Grids: From Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) to Flexible DC Grids." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 35, no. 1 (February 2020): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2019.2939588.

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Coronado de Koster, Othón Aram, and José Antonio Domínguez-Navarro. "Multi-Objective Tabu Search for the Location and Sizing of Multiple Types of FACTS and DG in Electrical Networks." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112722.

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Flexible AC transmission systems and distributed generation units in power systems provide several benefits such as voltage stability, power loss minimization, thermal limits enhancement, or enables power system management close to the limit operation points; and by extension, economic benefits such as power fuel cost and power loss cost minimization. This work presents a multi-objective optimization algorithm to determine the location and size of hybrid solutions based on a combination of Flexible AC transmission systems devices and distributed generation. Further, the work expands the types of FACTS usually considered. The problem is solved by means of a Tabu search algorithm with good results when tested in a network of 300 nodes.

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Gopinath, B., S. Suresh Kumar, and Juvan Michael. "Stability Improvement in Power Systems Using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.392.

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Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) is a system composed of static equipments used for ac transmission of electric energy to improve the power transfer capability and to enhance controllability of interconnected network. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most widely used FACTS device for providing fast acting reactive power compensation on high voltage electricity transmission network. This paper deals with the designing of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference controller (ANFIC) and fuzzy based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) controller for the performance analysis of UPFC. The controller have been designed and tested for controlling the real and reactive power of UPFC. Fuzzy-PI controller is used to control the shunt part of UPFC. The system response under high short circuit level is tested on 5-bus system and 118-bus system. Computer simulation by MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to verify proposed control strategies.

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Soleimani, K., and J. Mazloum. "Considering FACTS in Optimal Transmission Expansion Planning." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 5 (October 19, 2017): 1987–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1358.

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The expansion of power transmission systems is an important part of the expansion of power systems that requires enormous investment costs. Since the construction of new transmission lines is very expensive, it is necessary to choose the most efficient expansion plan that ensures system security with a minimal number of new lines. In this paper, the role of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices in the effective operation and expansion planning of transmission systems is examined. Effort was taken to implement a method based on sensitivity analysis to select the optimal number and location of FACTS devices, lines and other elements of the transmission system. Using this method, the transmission expansion plan for a 9 and a 39 bus power system was performed with and without the presence of FACTS with the use of DPL environment in Digsilent software 15.1. Results show that the use of these devices reduces the need for new transmission lines and minimizes the investment cost.

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Dang, Khanh Tuan, and Liem Van Nguyen. "Applications of FACTS devices for improving power system transient stability." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 3 (August 30, 2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i3.884.

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As the power demand has been increasing rapidly, today’s modern power system becomes to be more complex and faces many challenges. It is envisaged that transient stability will play the important role in ensuring the steady state operation of power systems in the event of three phases fault or switching of lines. This paper investigates models of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and applications of FACTS devices for improving the rotor angle stability. FACTS devices are applicable in shunt connection Static Var Compensator (SVC), in series connection Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), or in the combination of both. Mathematical models of power systems having FACTS devices are set of Differential - Algebraic Equations (DAEs). Trapezoidal rule and Newton - Raphson method are applied to solve DAEs. The simulation results of rotor angles demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of proposed the SVC and TCSC on transient stability enhancement of power systems.

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Jadeja, R., S. Patel, and S. Chauhan. "STATCOM – A Preface to Power Quality in Power Systems Performance." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 1 (February 5, 2016): 895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.603.

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This paper investigates different types of Flexible AC transmission System (FACTS) controllers with focus on various operational and control aspects of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) to different performance characteristics like power transfer capability, voltage regulation, reactive power management, stability limits, power factor improvement etc. In addition, various features related to STATCOM like converter topologies, reference compensating signal generation schemes, controllers, and generation of switching signals are reviewed.

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Prasath, R. Arun, M. Vimalraj, M. Riyas Ahamed, and K. Srinivasa Rao. "Power System Loadability Maximization by Optimal Placement of Multiple-Type FACTS Devices Using PSO Based GUI." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 1286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.1286.

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This paper presents a graphical user interface (GUI) uses Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which is used to find the optimal locations and sizing parameters of multi type Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices in complex power systems. The GUI toolbox, offers user to choose a power system network, PSO settings and the type and number of FACTS devices for the selected network. In this paper, three different FACTS devices are implemented: SVC, TCSC and TCPST. FACTS devices are used to increase the system loadability, by reducing power flow on overloaded lines, transmission line losses, improving system stability and security. With this can make the transmission system more energy-efficient. PSO used here for optimally allocating and sizing the multiple type FACTS in a standardized power network (IEEE 30 bus system) in order to improve voltage profile, minimizing power system total losses and maximizing system loadability with respect to the size of FACTS.

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Benyamina, Maamar, Mohamed Bouhamida, Tayeb Allaoui, Rachid Taleb, and Mouloud Denai. "Robust control of a UPFC system with H~ control technique." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp533-543.

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FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) technology has now been accepted as a potential solution to the stability problem and load flow. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is considered to be the most powerful and versatile among all FACTS devices. This paper presents the control of a UPFC system using Hinf robust control technique. A simulation study using Matlab/Simulink is presented to the performance of this control strategy and the robustness with respect to variations of the system parameters such as the inductance of the transmission line.

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Latha, Bojaraj Soumya, and A. Amudha. "Optimal Placement of Unified Power Flow Controller in the Transmission Line Using SFL Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.352.

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A power system structure has the generation, transmission and the distribution systems. During the transfer of power from the generation system to the distribution system, transmission line losses are occurred. To reduce the losses and keep the system stable, many controllers are being used. The Flexible AC Transmission systems (FACTS) are the modern controllers finding application in the power systems. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is considered to be the best among the FACTS devices. It is installed in the transmission line to maintain the voltage of the system within the prescribe limits. The location to fix the UPFC is found using Shuffled Leap Frog Algorithm (SLFA). The transformer ratio is varied from its nominal value. Testing is done using an IEEE 30 bus system and the results are discussed.

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Ge, Ting You, and Yang Jiang. "Analysis on Control Solution of Interline Power Flow Controller." Materials Science Forum 861 (July 2016): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.861.299.

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Interline power flow controller is the control device of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) which can adjust trend, enhance stability, improve power grid transmission, etc. Through the analysis of the structure of IPFC, this paper demonstrates that fuzzy control method is an advanced and reasonable control method, which can be independently control bus voltage and the active and reactive power current on a line in the power system.

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Khamidov, Shukhrat, Sunnatilla Tillaev, and Bahrom Normuratov. "Improving the reliability of UPS Central Asia implementation of FACTS devices." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601103.

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The article analyzes the issues of increasing the reliability, stability, improving the control of power flows in electrical networks in the Unified Power System of Central Asia on the basis of the introduction of the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology. The solution of the problems of regulation of operating parameters of electrical sistems is considered. An assessment of the economic effect from the introduction of FACTS technology in the energy system of Uzbekistan has been carried out.

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Shende, Divya, Prashant Jagtap, and Rutuja Hiware. "Enhanced power quality using unified power flow controller systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012035.

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Abstract Electrical system frequently finds and issue due to unstable nature and power quality because of, in relation to great number of nonlinear charges. So, there is need to limit inside of these difficulties and produce fine voltage quality concerns. The Flexible Alternate Flow Transmission Systems (FACTS) are the framework made out of static gear works for the AC transmission of electrical energy. Unified_Power_Flow Controls (UPFC) are the excellent FACTS tools to attach series and shunt together and it could use for framing Power transmission sensitive and active power. Here in the paper, Unified Power Flow Control (UPFC) used to clear the voltage sink and Surge. Unified Control was developed and engineered using amplifiers and rectifiers. The real and reactive modifications in congruous control orientations at the receiver side. Use of Simulink of MATLAB checks quality of energy in the use of Unified Control.

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Kianersi, Hadi, and Hamid Asadi. "Voltage Stability Improvement By Using FACTS Elements With Economic Consideration." Ciência e Natura 37 (December 19, 2015): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x20767.

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In last two decades due to increasing power demand power systems are operated to their maximum operation conditions. It will cause to any problems that one of these is voltage instability. To overcome this problem Flexible AC Transmission Systems(FACTS) have been used in power systems. The FACTS devices improves system stability, reduce losses and power generation cost. Best location of FACTS devices will help to maintain bus voltages at desired level, reduce cost of these devices and improve voltage stability margins. This paper presents the methods to location and rating of FACTS devices are optimized with using weighted coefficients method and Sterength Paretto Evolutionary Algorithm(SPEA).Thyristor controlled series capacitor(TCSC)and Static Var Compensator(SVC)are also considered in this paper.

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A. Hussein, Nabil, Ayamn A. Eisa, Hassan M. Mahmoud, Safy A. Shehata, and El-Saeed A. Othman. "Interline power flow controller (IPFC) characterization in power systems." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 10, 2018): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14894.

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Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) have been proposed in the late 1980s to meet and provide the electrical power system requirements. FACTS are used to control the power flow and to improve the power system stability. Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is a versatile device in the FACTS family of controllers and one of its latest generations which has the ability to simultaneously control the power flow in two or multiple transmission lines. This paper is tackling the IPFC performance in power systems; it aims to discuss the availability to define a known scenario for the IPFC performance in different systems. An introduction supported with brief review on IPFC, IPFC principle of operation and IPFC mathematical model are also introduced. IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus systems have chosen as a test power systems to support the behavior study of power system equipped with IPFC device. Three different locations have chosen to give variety of system configurations to give effective performance analysis.

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Haroon, Ayesha, Irfan Shafqat Javed, Huma Rehmat Baig, and Ali Nasir. "Modeling, Control and Placement of FACTS Devices: A Review." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2004.04.

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Over the past two decades, developing distributed energy sources in electric power grid have created new challenges related to the power quality, voltage adjustment and proficient energy utilization. Power electronic converters are widely used to interface the emerging energy systems (without and with energy storage) and smart buildings with the transmission and distribution systems. Flexible Ac Transmission Systems (FACTS) and Voltage-Source Converters (VSC), with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. FACTS devices are of vital significance for tackling the problem of voltage instability which is inevitable and leads to losses in transmission system networks. These devices provide fast voltage regulation, ensure system stability and reactive power compensation. In this regard, modeling, control and appropriate placement of these devices in the transmission lines have been of great importance for researchers of power transmission systems. By using high speed power electronic converters, FACTS perform many times faster than the conventional compensation techniques. FACTS not only provide fast voltage regulation but also damping of active power oscillations and reactive power compensation. Hence, they increase the availability and reliability of the power systems. But, the functioning of a FACTS device extremely reckons upon its parametric quantity, appropriate placement, and sizing in the power network. In this paper, an extensive literature survey is presented to discuss and investigate these parameters of FACTS devices.

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Abdollahi, Arsalan, Ali Ghadimi, Mohammad Miveh, Fazel Mohammadi, and Francisco Jurado. "Optimal Power Flow Incorporating FACTS Devices and Stochastic Wind Power Generation Using Krill Herd Algorithm." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9061043.

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This paper deals with investigating the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) solution of power systems considering Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices and wind power generation under uncertainty. The Krill Herd Algorithm (KHA), as a new meta-heuristic approach, is employed to cope with the OPF problem of power systems, incorporating FACTS devices and stochastic wind power generation. The wind power uncertainty is included in the optimization problem using Weibull probability density function modeling to determine the optimal values of decision variables. Various objective functions, including minimization of fuel cost, active power losses across transmission lines, emission, and Combined Economic and Environmental Costs (CEEC), are separately formulated to solve the OPF considering FACTS devices and stochastic wind power generation. The effectiveness of the KHA approach is investigated on modified IEEE-30 bus and IEEE-57 bus test systems and compared with other conventional methods available in the literature.

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Singh, Ankit Kumar. "UHVDC-Technology Future of India Electricity Transmission." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 20, 2021): 1620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36686.

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it's proposed to use highly complex grid controllers to include power grids into one super- grid that may acquire large penetration of inexhaustible powers, without compromising power quality, active and reactive power flow, and voltage and facility stability. The super-grid constructed with ultra- high voltage DC (UHVDC) and flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) together with dedicated ac and dc interconnectors with intelligent systems applications to supply a wise Integrated Super-Grid. DC interconnectors will segment the whole continent's power systems into five large asynchronous segments (regions). Noncontemporary divisions will prevent ac fault propagation between sections while allowing power exchange between different parts of the super-grid, with minimum difficulty for grid code unification or harmonization of regulatory regimes across the mainland as each segment maintains its accord . a sensible Integrated wattage Super-Grid powered by these technologies is critical in supporting sustained economic process and development; established on the keystone of renewable energy and utilizing over 600GW immeasurable potential of Africa's clean and renewable hydroelectric, photovoltaic and alternative energy as a little of a extensive energy comingle of traditional and complementary energy resources.

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Shankaregowda, Tanuja Koppa, and Shankaralingappa Channappa Byalihal. "Optimal location of multiple FACTS devices in N-1 contingency conditions using traditional genetic algorithm." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1876-1884.

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Transmission systems are prone to contingency conditions that would either occur using a generator outage or line outage. Placing and sizing the flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices appropriately can reduce the effects of the contingency condition. This paper optimally locates FACTS devices in a transmission system under the N-1 contingency condition. The genetic algorithm (GA) technique is used to locate different, multiple FACTS devices (thyristor-controlled series capacitor and static VAR compensator) optimally in a power system. This optimization technique is used to locate FACTS devices on the IEEE 9 bus system. MATLAB simulation is developed and checked for both single and multiple FACTS placements. Simulation results obtained for generator outage and line outage are tabulated with the type of FACTS device/rating, location, and generation cost with line loss reduction. The optimized results observed for the cost-optimized FACTS placement problem are found to be satisfactory. The results obtained in the IEEE 9 bus system have shown improvement in a decrease of generation cost and system loss component while placement and sizing of both the FACTS devices.

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Dutta, Susanta, Provas Kumar Roy, and Debashis Nandi. "Artificial Bee Colony Optimization for Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Incorporating FACTS Devices." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 3, no. 2 (April 2014): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2014040103.

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This paper illustrates, for the first time, the use of artificial bee colony optimization (ABC) technique to study optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) in power system with the use of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). FACTS controller cannot only increase the power transmission capacity without installing new transmission lines, but they can also enhance voltage profile and reduce transmission loss in power system. Two types of FACTS devices namely, thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and thyristor-controlled phase shifter (TCPS) are considered in this paper. A standard IEEE 30-bus test system with multiple TCSC and TCPS devices is used for two different objective functions to validate the performance of the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrates the ability of the ABC to produce better optimal solutions compared to particle swarm optimization with inertia weight approach (PSOIWA) and real coded genetic algorithm (RGA).

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Jirapong, Peerapol. "FACTS Devices Allocation for Power Transfer Capability Enhancement and Power System Losses Reduction." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 2, no. 2 (April 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2013040101.

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In this paper, a hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA) is proposed to determine the optimal placement of multi-type flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices to simultaneously maximize the total transfer capability (TTC) and minimize the system real power loss of power transfers in deregulated power systems. Multi-objective optimal power flow (OPF) with FACTS devices including TTC, power losses, and penalty functions is used to evaluate the feasible maximum TTC value and minimum power loss within real and reactive power generation limits, thermal limits, voltage limits, stability limits, and FACTS devices operation limits. Test results on the modified IEEE 30-bus system indicate that optimally placed OPF with FACTS by the HEA approach could enhance TTC far more than those from evolutionary programming (EP), tabu search (TS), hybrid tabu search and simulated annealing (TS/SA), and improved evolutionary programming (IEP) algorithms, leading to much efficient utilization of the existing transmission systems.

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VENU, V. VIJAY, and A. K. VERMA. "RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT FOR PLANNING AND OPERATIONAL PROCESS ENHANCEMENT MEASURES IN DEREGULATED POWER SYSTEMS USING ATC." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 17, no. 03 (June 2010): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539310003809.

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In this paper, beginning with a concise overview of the Available Transfer Capability (ATC) evaluation methods, we make a proposition for reliability management in the planning horizon of deregulated power systems through the concept of Adequacy Resiliency. The derived indices are meant as indicators of adaptability of power systems to ensure the required reliability levels. Improvements to this conceptualization upon the deployment of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices are then put forward. We also explore the option of employing the created indices to the operational horizon of power systems, explaining the means of market enhancement. Core reliability issues arising out of the usage of FACTS are then discussed.

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Khan, M. Y. A., U. Khalil, H. Khan, A. Uddin, and S. Ahmed. "Power Flow Control by Unified Power Flow Controller." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 3900–3904. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2587.

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The demand for electricity is increasing day by day and we have to produce more electrical energy to meet the load demands. Most of the experts prefer to extend the existing electrical networks over building the new network with greater costs. In this paper, the implementation of the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices in a simple electrical network is described. FACTS devices enhance power transfer capacity of the line without laying out new transmission line. These devices also protect the system from overloading in case of any contingency in the electrical network. Moreover, this paper describes the impacts of FACTS devices on improving the voltage stability and power handling capability of a transmission line. The proposed methods for the controllable flow of active and reactive power in a transmission line are also elaborated. A simple electrical system is examined to explain the improvement in the constraints of power system using FACTS devices.

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Lemdani, Soufiane, and Habib Benbouhenni. "Improving Voltage Stability of Electrical Power System by Optimal Location of FACTS Devices Using an Evolutionary Method." Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.650116.

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In the present work, a new approach for improving voltage stability by optimal location of the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices has been discussed. We used Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an optimization technique to search the good placements of different FACTS systems in great electrical networks and its contribution to enhance voltage stability. Various FACTS devices were used in our study such as SVC, TCSC, SSSC, STATCOM, TCVR, TCPST and UPFC. The search of optimal parameters of those devices has been also investigated. The method presented in the paper was tested by using Matlab/environment. In addition, the proposed method has been implemented and tested on various IEEE power systems; 14Bus, 57Bus, and 118Bus. The obtained results show the validity of the proposed method.

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Alnasseir, Jamal. "Improving performance of transmission networks using facts through continuation power flow method." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 35, no. 3 (2022): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee2203437a.

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Over the past 50 years, modern electrical systems have become more complex, as they overrun the geographical boundaries of neighboring countries. The problem is that the power system faces many challenges, because it is exposed to difficult operating conditions. The phenomenon of voltage instability is the most frequent phenomenon, and this can lead to the collapse of the power system. To avoid power outages in the system (especially in blackout situations), the power system must be analyzed in order to maintain voltage stability in the expected difficult operating conditions. The main objective is to determine the maximum load capacity of the system and the causes of voltage instability. The voltage instability problem is related to the nature of nonlinear loads, so different load characteristics must be taken into consideration when analyzing voltage stability. This study aims to discover the maximum load capacity required by using the continuous power flow method (CPF) in the studied network. Then, the performance of this network using a Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) will be utilized. FACTS systems present a promising solution in improving the voltage stability by improving the power transmission capacity and controllability of the parameters of the existing power networks. This study will be conducted on a reference network platform under normal working conditions, then installation of one of the FACTS systems will show its effect on improving voltage stability. The continuous power flow method will be used to find PV curves, which in turn will help to determine the conditions of maximum loading while maintaining stability, and identify the bus bar with the smallest voltage, on which the flexible AC systems will be installed. The software environment MATLAB/PSAT will be used for modeling and simulation.

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Khalil, Umair, Muhammad Yousaf Ali Khan, Umer Amir Khan, and Shahid Atiq. "Power Flow Control by Unified Power Flow Controller." April 2020 39, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.04.

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The demand of energy usage is increasing rapidly and to meet the energy requirements, best possible transmission systems should be adopted to avoid energy losses in our transmission systems. In Pakistan’s WAPDA (Water & Power Development Authority) system, the rapid increase in load and less generation capacity has increased load shedding thought the country. The government has planned to increase the generation capacity but the supply companies are facing line load-ability, environmental constraints, power limitations problems etc. Most of the supply companies prefer to extend the existing electrical networks instead of building new network to reduce financial burdens. In this paper the implementation of the FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) Devices in an electrical network is described. The FACTS devices enhance power transfer capacity of the line without adding new transmission line. These devices also protect the system from overloading in case of any contingency in the electrical network. The control of power flow, reactive power compensation and voltage control are the main capabilities of FACTS devices. This paper describes the impacts of FACTS devices on improving the voltage stability and power handling capability of a transmission line. The proposed methods for the controllable flow of active and reactive power in a transmission line are also elaborated. A simple electrical system is examined to explain the improvement in the constraints of power system using FACTS devices.

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Sahu, Laxmidhar, Jose P. Therattil, and P. C. Panda. "Study of Shunt FACTS-Based Controllers Effectiveness on Multi Machine Power System Steady State Operation." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4926.

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The continuous change in power demand and supply altered the power flow patterns in transmission networks in such a way that some of the corridors are lightly loaded and some of the corridors get over loaded. This raises serious challenge in operating the power system in secure and reliable manner. To cope with this problem Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) is used. It plays a very important role in improving the power system operating performance. In this paper load flow models for STATCOM and SVC have been developed. Power flow study of a five bus system is carried out with and without FACTS controllers. Results of the power flow studies are obtained with MATLAB programming.

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Kaswii, Violet, and Michael Juma Saulo. "Voltage Profile Improvement with Combined UPFC and IPFC Facts Devices: A Review." Multidisciplinary Journal of Technical University of Mombasa 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48039/mjtum.v1i1.13.

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The interline power flow controller (IPFC) and the unified power flow controller (UPFC) are both advanced types of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). These devices can provide the power system with control of voltage, and that of real and reactive power. This paper reviews the literature on UPFC and IPFC FACTS devices in voltage control and covers two main areas of research (i) voltage control using FACTS devices, and (ii) UPFCs / IPFCs and their applications in power systems. FACTs devices are applied in modern power system networks for the purpose of voltage control while at the same time providing enhanced power system stability. Research has shown that their benefits in the long run outweighs their high cost especially when they are optimally sized and located in the power network. Moreover, in the planning of power transmission systems, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique can help in the incorporation of both the costs and technical viability. This approach provides techno-economic optimization and at the same time meeting environmental criteria.

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Tarraso, Andres, Ngoc-Bao Lai, Gregory N. Baltas, and Pedro Rodriguez. "Power Quality Services Provided by Virtually Synchronous FACTS." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2019): 3292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173292.

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The variable and unpredictable behavior of renewable energies impacts the performance of power systems negatively, threatening their stability and hindering their efficient operation. Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices are able to emulate the connection of parallel and series impedances in the transmission system, which improves the regulation of power systems with a high share of renewables, avoiding congestions, enhancing their response in front of contingencies and, in summary, increasing their utilization and reliability. Proper control of voltage and current under distorted and unbalanced transient grid conditions is one of the most critical issues in the control of FACTS devices to emulate such apparent impedances. This paper describes how the synchronous power controller (SPC) can be used to implement virtually synchronous FACTS. It presents the SPC functionalities, emphasizing in particular the importance of virtual admittance emulation by FACTS devices in order to control transient unbalanced currents during faults and attenuate harmonics. Finally, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of SPC-based FACTS devices in improving power quality of electrical networks. This is a result of their contribution to voltage balancing at point of connection during asymmetrical faults and the improvement of grid voltage quality by controlling harmonics flow.

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Felix Stephen, S., and Dr I. Jacob Raglend. "Voltage Regulation Using STATCOM with PI and Adaptive PI Controls." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.1 (August 4, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.1.17082.

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In power systems, voltage instability problems occur due to its continuous demand in heavily loaded networks. So it is essential to stabilize the voltage levels in power systems. The stabilization of power systems can be improved by Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices. One of the FACTS devices named Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) injects the compensating current in phase quadrature with line voltage and replicate as inductive reactance to produce capacitive power for the AC grid or as capacitive reactance to draw inductive power from the AC grid for controlling power flow in the line. This paper proposes Adaptive PI control over conventional PI that normally self-adjusts the controller gains under disturbances and helps in improving the performance and attaining a preferred response, irrespective of the change of working conditions. The work is implemented under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. This method performs more efficient than the original PI with fixed control gains and also improves the system response speed consistently.

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Deepa, SN, and J. Rizwana. "Minimization of losses and FACTS installation cost using proposed differential gravitational search algorithm optimization technique." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 2 (August 9, 2016): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315576612.

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The optimal location of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers in a multi-machine power system using proposed differential gravitational search algorithm (DGSA) optimization method is proposed in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to employ DGSA optimization technique to solve optimal power flow problem in the presence of Unified Power Flow controller for improving voltage profile by reducing losses along with the installation cost thereby enhancing the power system stability. A differential operator is incorporated into the gravitational search algorithm for effective search of the better solution. Due to this, the convergence and accuracy will be faster. The IEEE-6 bus, IEEE-14 bus and IEEE-30 bus systems are tested along with three other optimization techniques to validate the effectiveness of this proposed method. This proposed algorithm presents an optimal location of FACTS devices in transmission lines.

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Roy, P. K., S. P. Ghoshal, and S. S. Thakur. "Optimal Power Flow with TCSC and TCPS Modeling using Craziness and Turbulent Crazy Particle Swarm Optimization." International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsir.2010070103.

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This paper presents two new Particle swarm optimization methods to solve optimal power flow (OPF) in power system incorporating flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). Two types of FACTS devices, thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and thyristor controlled phase shifting (TCPS), are considered. In this paper, the problems of OPF with FACTS are solved by using particle swarm optimization with the inertia weight approach (PSOIWA), real coded genetic algorithm (RGA), craziness based particle swarm optimization (CRPSO), and turbulent crazy particle swarm optimization (TRPSO). The proposed methods are implemented on modified IEEE 30-bus system for four different cases. The simulation results show better solution quality and computation efficiency of TRPSO and CRPSO algorithms over PSOIWA and RGA. The study also shows that FACTS devices are capable of providing an economically attractive solution to OPF problems.

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Kanchanapalli, Bhavya, Rama Rao Pokanati Veera Vekata, and Ravi Srinivas Lanka. "Analysis and Comparison of Performance of Interline Power Flow Controller with Various Control Algorithms under Various Power Stability Problems." Traitement du Signal 39, no. 5 (November 30, 2022): 1605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.390517.

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The Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) is a voltage source converter based Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controller for series compensation and power flow management among a substation's multiline transmission systems. Individual Voltage Source Converters (VSC) can inject reactive voltage that can be adjusted to manage active power flow in a line. This VSC is used to convert DC voltage to AC voltage and the voltage is kept constant in the entire process. In this article, a circuit model for IPFC is constructed, and a simulation of an interline power flow controller is performed, with control performed utilizing a variety of algorithms, including adaptive weighted feedback, gravitational search, BAT, and ANT colony optimization. The system's performance was evaluated in a variety of scenarios, including fault incidence, synchronous load connection, and asynchronous load connection. The design of system and analysis of system has been carried out using MATLAB Simulink in terms of various parameters at point of common coupling like voltage, current, power and power factor.

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Gianto, Rudy. "Penggunaan UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) untuk Perbaikan Kestabilan Sistem Tenaga Listrik yang Terinterkoneksi." Electrician 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/elc.v15n1.2179.

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Intisari — Makalah ini membahas penggunaan peralatan FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) untuk meningkatkan atau memperbaiki kestabilan sistem tenaga listrik yang terinterkoneksi. Peralatan FACTS pada umumnya digunakan untuk mengendalikan aliran daya-aktif dan/atau daya-reaktif serta untuk mengontrol besarnya tegangan sistem. Namun demikian, dengan memasang alat kontrol tambahan, peralatan FACTS dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan redaman elektromekanik dan kestabilan sistem tenaga listrik sebagai fungsi sekundernya. Salah satu peralatan FACTS yang cukup populer saat ini adalah UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller). UPFC merupakan peralatan FACTS generasi ketiga. Peralatan ini menggabungkan kompensator shunt dan kapasitor seri statik menjadi satu peralatan dengan sistem kendali terpadu. UPFC memiliki kemampuan unik untuk mengendalikan aliran daya listrik dan tegangan secara simultan sehingga memiliki potensi untuk digunakan dalam meningkatkan redaman dan kestabilan sistem. Makalah ini menyelidiki aplikasi dari UPFC pada peningkatan kestabilan sistem tenaga listrik yang terinterkoneksi. Keefektifan dari peralatan tersebut dalam memperbaiki penampilan dinamik dan meningkatkan kestabilan suatu sistem tenaga telah dikonfirmasi melalui hasil-hasil perhitungan nilaieigen dan divalidasi dengan menggunakan simulasi domain-waktu.Kata kunci — FACTS, UPFC, Redaman, Kestabilan, Sistem Tenaga Listrik Abstract — This paper discusses an application of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) device in improving the stability of interconnected electric power system. FACTS devices are used primarily for controlling active- and/or reactive-power and also for voltage regulation. However, by employing some supplementary controllers, it can also be used for enhancing system electromechanical damping and stability as its secondary function. One of the most popular FACTS devices is UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller). UPFC is a third generation of FACTS device. This device combines the shunt compensator and static series capacitor as one device with a unified control system. UPFC has a unique ability in controlling simultaneously system power flow and voltage, and therefore, has a potential to be used for system damping and stability improvement. This paper investigates an application of UPFC in improving the stability of interconnected power system. The effectiveness of the device in enhancing system dynamic performance and stability has been confirmed through eigenvalue calculations and validated using time-domain simulations.Keywords— FACTS, UPFC, Damping, Stability, Electric Power System

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Gurijala, Sridhar Babu, K. S. Srikanth, Ramchandra Nittala, and G. Rohit Reddy. "Transmission system regularization with 5-level cascaded IPFC." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1437-1445.

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In recent years, there is an immensely huge demand to power due to industrialization and modernization, butcorrespondingly the amplification of generation and transmission has not been done due to constrained resources and environmental limitations. The huge growth in demand leads to various problems in power systems. Heavy growth in semiconductor technology made power electronics plays a key role in solving these problems. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are used for fixing various problems in power system. They are used for enhancing the existing transmission capabilities and improving the system dynamic performance so that to make transmission system flexible and efficient in operation. Inter line power flow controller (IPFC) is a latest generation series connected FACTS device, having capability of controlling power flow among multi line in a transmission network. In this paper cascaded 5 level inverter is used as the inverter module for IPFC. Control techniques play a vital role in power flow control in the system, with the main objective of minimization of harmonics and obtaining a variable output with maximum fundamental component. This paper discusses various comparative case studies on IPFC with cascaded 5 level inverter using SPWM and SVM control techniques.

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Rajderkar, Vedashree P., and Vinod K. Chandrakar. "Security Enhancement through the Allocation of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in a Power Network for Congestion Management." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 4 (August 9, 2023): 11490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6075.

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The electricity demand is continuously increasing, so a most efficient use of the current power system's capacity is desired. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTSs), a recently developed transmission technology, are widely used to boost the power transfer ability of long-distance transmission line networks and to enhance the consistency of the transmission systems. The use of FACTS devices can lead to reduced flows on heavily loaded lines, targeted bus voltage levels, and better power network stability. In this study, an optimization method based on the optimal position of the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is suggested to boost system security. It is decided that the real power flow is the best place for the UPFC in this instance. The optimal placement during congestion has been determined using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the sensitivity to the useful power flow index. Congestion is produced on the network and system performance is evaluated. The proposed solutions are evaluated in the IEEE 30 bus network before being implemented in MATLAB. In the case of congestion, the security of the network is evaluated after connecting the UPFC. The effectiveness of the proposed solution was verified with the help of the Power World Simulator 16.0.

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Abusorrah, Abdullah M. "Optimal Power Flow Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controllers." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/975170.

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This paper presents an approach for optimum reactive power dispatch through the power network with flexible AC transmission systems (FACTSs) devices, using adaptive fuzzy logic controller (AFLC) driven by adaptive fuzzy sets (AFSs). The membership functions of AFLC are optimized based on 2nd-order fuzzy set specifications. The operation of FACTS devices (particularly, static VAR compensator (SVC)) and the setting of their control parameters (QSVC) are optimized dynamically based on the proposed AFLC to enhance the power system stability in addition to their main function of power flow control. The proposed AFLC is compared with a static fuzzy logic controller (SFLC), driven by a fixed fuzzy set (FFS). Simulation studies were carried out and validated on the standard IEEE 30-bus test system.

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Ballal, M. S., H. M. Suryawanshi, and T. Venkateswara Reddy. "Mitigation of Voltage Dip and Voltage Flickering by Multilevel D-STATCOM." Advances in Power Electronics 2012 (October 14, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/871652.

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The basic power quality problems in the distribution network are voltage sag (dip), voltage flickering, and the service interruptions. STATCOM is a Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology device which can independently control the flow of reactive power. This paper presents the simulation and analysis of a STATCOM for voltage dip and voltage flickering mitigation. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the performance of the STATCOM. A comparison between the six-pulse inverter and the five-level diode-clamped inverter is carried out for the performance of 66/11 KV distribution system.

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H. Elroby, M. M., S. F. Mekhamer, H. E. A. Talaat, and M. A. Moustafa Hassan. "FACTS allocation considering loads uncertainty, steady state operation constraints, and dynamic operation constraints." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp945-955.

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This study proposes an algorithm to allocate different types of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) in power systems. The main objective of this study is to maximize profit by minimizing the system’s operating cost including FACTS devices (FDs) installation cost. Dynamic and steady state operating restrictions with loads uncertainty are included in the problem formulation. The overall problem is solved using both teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) technique for attaining the optimal allocation of the FDs as main-optimization problem and matpower interior point solver (MIPS) for optimal power flow (OPF) as the sub-optimization problem. The validation of the proposed approach is verified by applying it to test system of 59-bus; Simplified 14-Generator model of the South East Australian power system.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)'

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