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Journal articles on the topic 'Flexible AC transmission systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Kumar, Keshav, Praveen Kumar, and Kusum Meena. "Concepts and Technology of Flexible Ac Transmission Systems." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21746.

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2

HAMMONS, T. J., and S. K. LIM. "FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS (FACTS)." Electric Machines & Power Systems 25, no. 1 (January 1997): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07313569708955725.

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3

Moore, P., and P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 1." Power Engineering Journal 9, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19950610.

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4

Padiyar, K. R., and A. M. Kulkarni. "Flexible AC transmission systems: A status review." Sadhana 22, no. 6 (December 1997): 781–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02745845.

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5

Pradhan, A. K., A. Routray, and Banaja Mohanty. "Maximum efficiency of flexible AC transmission systems." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 28, no. 8 (October 2006): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2006.03.014.

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6

Georgilakis, Pavlos S., and Peter G. Vernados. "Flexible AC Transmission System Controllers: An Evaluation." Materials Science Forum 670 (December 2010): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.670.399.

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Electricity market activities and a growing demand for electricity have led to heavily stressed power systems. This requires operation of the networks closer to their stability limits. Cost effective solutions are preferred over network extensions. The flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS), a new technology based on power electronics, offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of ac transmission systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review and evaluation of FACTS controllers.

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7

Wenzel, Timo, and Thomas Leibfried. "Vacuum Circuit Breakers in Flexible AC Transmission Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 27, no. 1 (January 2012): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2011.2172820.

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8

Singh, S. N. "Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers: an overview." International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy 4, no. 3/4 (2006): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetp.2006.009973.

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9

Lie, Tjing T., and Wanhong Deng. "Optimal flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices allocation." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 19, no. 2 (February 1997): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-0615(96)00036-1.

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10

Liyi, Chen, Pu Tianjiao, Li Linchuan, Dong Lei, and Kang Xi. "Load Flow Calculation for Flexible AC Transmission Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 17 (August 1997): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46409-3.

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Moore, P., and P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 2: Methods of transmission line compensation." Power Engineering Journal 10, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19960607.

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12

Peng, Fang Z. "Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and Resilient AC Distribution Systems (RACDS) in Smart Grid." Proceedings of the IEEE 105, no. 11 (November 2017): 2099–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2017.2714022.

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13

Moore, P., and P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 3: Conventional FACTS controllers." Power Engineering Journal 11, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19970408.

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Moore, P., and P. Ashmole. "Flexible AC transmission systems. Part 4: Advanced FACTS controllers." Power Engineering Journal 12, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19980211.

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15

Zakrzewski, R. R., R. R. Mohler, and W. J. Kolodziej. "Hierarchical Intelligent Control with Flexible AC Transmission Systems Application." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 26, no. 2 (July 1993): 913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)48406-0.

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16

Zakrzewski, R. R., R. R. Mohler, and W. J. Kolodziej. "Hierarchical intelligent control with flexible AC transmission systems application." Control Engineering Practice 2, no. 6 (December 1994): 979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0661(94)91620-9.

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17

Mohamed, A., and M. AbdulAal. "IMPROVING POWER SYSTEM QUALITY USING FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS." Egyptian Journal for Engineering Sciences and Technology 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eijest.2011.96693.

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18

Hassan, Ahmed, Adel Abdul-baset, and Mohamed Abdul-aal. "IMPROVING POWER SYSTEM QUALITY USING FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS." Egyptian Journal for Engineering Sciences and Technology 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eijest.2012.98211.

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19

Dash, P. K., A. K. Pradhan, G. Panda, and A. C. Liew. "Adaptive relay setting for flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS)." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 15, no. 1 (2000): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.847226.

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20

Shahin, Marwa, Ebtisam Saied, M. A. Moustafa Hassan, and Fahmy Bendary. "Voltage Swell Mitigation Using Flexible AC Transmission Systems Based on Evolutionary Computing Methods." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 3, no. 3 (July 2014): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2014070104.

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The main subject of these paper deals with enhancing the steady-state and dynamics performance of the power grids by using new idea namely Advanced Flexible AC Transmission Systems based on Evolutionary Computing Methods. Control of the electric power system can be achieved by using the new trends as Particle Swarm Optimization applied to this subject to enhance the characteristics of controller performance. This paper studies and analyzes Advanced Flexible AC Transmission System to mitigate only one of power quality problems is voltage swell. The Advanced Flexible AC Transmission System, which will be used in this paper, is the most promising one, which known as Advanced Thyristor Controlled Series Reactors, and Advanced Static VAR Compensator were utilized in this research to mitigate the voltage swell aiming to reach. This paper focuses on the operation of the AFACTS device under turning off heavy load that may causes transformer damaged, as no research covers this problem by this technique. Particle Swarm Optimization is used to determine the value of series inductor connected to the Advanced Flexible AC Transmission System. The proposed algorithm formatting, deriving, coding and programming the network equations required to link AFACTS during steady-state and dynamic behaviors to the power systems tested on the IEEE 30 bus system as well as IEEE 14 bus system, and 9 bus system.

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21

Dingguo Chen, R. R. Mohler, and Lung-Kee Chen. "Synthesis of neural controller applied to flexible AC transmission systems." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 47, no. 3 (March 2000): 376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/81.841920.

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22

Gyugyi, L. "Unified power-flow control concept for flexible AC transmission systems." IEE Proceedings C Generation, Transmission and Distribution 139, no. 4 (1992): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-c.1992.0048.

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23

Mende, Denis, and Lutz Hofmann. "Optimised Congestion Management Using Curative Measures in Combined AC/DC Systems with Flexible AC Transmission Systems." Energies 17, no. 9 (April 30, 2024): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17092157.

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Due to the increasing demand for transport of electrical energy, measures for power flow control, congestion management, and higher utilisation of the existing grid play a decisive role in the transformation of the power system. Hence, enormous efforts must be undertaken using measures of congestion management. Modelling and integration of corresponding measures in optimisation tools to support grid and system operation and therewith reduce the resulting efforts become more important. This is especially true because of the high intermittency and decentralisation of renewable generation leading to increased complexity of the power system, higher loading of assets, and a growing need for control over flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converters. This work therefore describes the implementation of optimised congestion management in an A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL)-based nonlinear optimisation problem. AMPL is an effective tool to deal with highly complex problems of optimisation and scheduling. Therefore, the modelling of assets and flexibilities for power flow control in AC/DC systems in combination with an innovative grid operation strategy using predefined curative measures for the optimised use of the existing grid is introduced. The nonlinear mathematical optimisation aims at the optimal cost selection of flexibility measures. The application of the optimisation technique in a combined AC/DC system shows the optimal preventive and curative use of measures in operational congestion management. Simulation results prove that, by using predefined curative measures, the volume of cost-intensive preventive measures can significantly be reduced, especially in association with power flow control.

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24

Ndlela, Nomihla Wandile, and Innocent Ewean Davidson. "Network Coordination between High-Voltage DC and High-Voltage AC Transmission Systems Using Flexible AC Transmission System Controllers." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 7402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197402.

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The strategic intent of the African Union is to develop a “Smart Integrated African Electric Power Super Grid” driven by modern tools and advances in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) engineering and flexible alternating current technology systems (FACTS), which is central in supporting Africa’s sustained economic growth and development. The southern African region, including South Africa, is beset by the critical challenges of perennial load-shedding, which impedes economic growth and aggravates unemployment. This has led to the insecurity of electricity supplies and degraded the quality of life. The parallel operation of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and flexible AC technology systems (FACTS) controllers is gaining traction as system conditions become more complex, such as weak power networks which requires increased stability requirements, resulting in load-shedding and power outages. These adversely affect business productivity and adversely affect GDP and economic growth. Thus, the application of innovative technologies such as HVDC links can stabilize weak power systems. It is established that HVDC delivery systems reduce losses in long transmission lines transporting bulk power compared with high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission lines for power wheeling. This paper evaluates the parallel operation of the Cahora Bassa 1414 km bipolar HVDC link and a weak parallel 400/330 kV alternating current (AC) link. It demonstrates the use of FACTS controllers to enhance the technical performance of an existing network, such as voltage control, and technical loss reduction. It combines an HVDC line commutated converter (LCC) and HVAC transmission lines, in hybrid notation to increase the voltage stability of the system by controlling the reactive power with a Static Var Compensator (SVC). These modern tools can increase the transmission power controllability and stability of the power network. In this study, HVDC–LCC was used with a setpoint of 1000 MW in conjunction with the 850 MVAr SVC. The results show that the technical losses were reduced by 0.24% from 84.32 MW to 60.32 MW as Apollo 275 kV SVC was utilized for voltage control. The network analysis was performed using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software that is manufactured by DIgSILENT GmbH at Gomaringen, Germany

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25

Coronado de Koster, Othón Aram, and José Antonio Domínguez-Navarro. "Multi-Objective Tabu Search for the Location and Sizing of Multiple Types of FACTS and DG in Electrical Networks." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112722.

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Flexible AC transmission systems and distributed generation units in power systems provide several benefits such as voltage stability, power loss minimization, thermal limits enhancement, or enables power system management close to the limit operation points; and by extension, economic benefits such as power fuel cost and power loss cost minimization. This work presents a multi-objective optimization algorithm to determine the location and size of hybrid solutions based on a combination of Flexible AC transmission systems devices and distributed generation. Further, the work expands the types of FACTS usually considered. The problem is solved by means of a Tabu search algorithm with good results when tested in a network of 300 nodes.

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26

Zamora-Cárdenas, E. A., B. A. Alcaide-Moreno, and C. R. Fuerte-Esquivel. "State estimation of flexible AC transmission systems considering synchronized phasor measurements." Electric Power Systems Research 106 (January 2014): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2013.08.004.

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27

Zúñiga-Haro, Pável, and Juan M. Ramírez. "Multi-pulse Switching Functions Modeling of Flexible AC Transmission Systems Devices." Electric Power Components and Systems 37, no. 1 (December 11, 2008): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325000802322004.

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28

Shakarian, Yu G., N. L. Novikov, P. V. Sokur, and A. N. Novikov. "Classification and Characteristics of Devices of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)." Power Technology and Engineering 52, no. 6 (March 2019): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10749-019-01022-y.

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29

Yan, Xu, Li Naihu, Wang Haifeng, and Chen Heng. "Analysis of Power Flow Control Based on Flexible AC Transmission Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 17 (August 1997): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46410-x.

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30

Misba, Misbahuddin Buang. "Aplikasi Peralatan Flexible AC transmission Systems (FACTS) Pada Sistem Tenaga Listrik." JNSTA ADPERTISI JOURNAL 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.62728/jnsta.v4i1.486.

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The power need of South Sulawesi community is increasingly in a row with technology development. At this time, with the lack of new generation and transmission facilities make voltage instability always occur. To relieve it, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) is used, that is, Static Compensator (STATCOM) which its basic operating principles functions as a synchronous voltage source. This research aimed to find out voltage conditions and power systems losses of South Sulawesi before and after using STATCOM and determine location of STATCOM installation. This research was carried out in South Sulawesi region specially at PT. PLN (Ltd.) Business Unit of SULSELTRABAR. To determined location of STATCOM installation, Trial and Error Method is used where buses which have voltage exist near to voltage interval limit allowed, became a reference of STATCOM installation. The results shows that voltage condition before STATCOM installed, exist to voltage interval limit allowed, that is, 0.95 – 1.05 pu. However, voltage of Tonasa Tonasa, Bontoala, Pangkep70, and Tallo Lama buses exist near to voltage interval limit allowed. Based on simulation results, an exact STATCOM installation is on two buses, that is, Tonasa and Bontoala buses until voltage of mentioned four buses are improved and near to fundamental voltage, respectively. Power losses after STATCOM installed is increase because when it installed, there are conduction losses and switching losses at STATCOM

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31

Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, Joan Sau-Bassols, Eduardo Prieto-Araujo, and Marc Cheah-Mane. "Flexible Converters for Meshed HVDC Grids: From Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) to Flexible DC Grids." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 35, no. 1 (February 2020): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2019.2939588.

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32

Lin, Jinjiao, Xiangping Kong, Lei Gao, Mingzhong Zheng, Peng Li, and Chenqing Wang. "Stability Enhancement of Modular Multilevel Converter - High Voltage Direct Current Systems Interacted with Weak Power Grid Based on Current-mode Virtual Inertia Control." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2488, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2488/1/012025.

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Abstract The extensive growth of large-scale flexible high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems compromises the strength of the alternating current (AC) power grid. Sub-synchronous oscillations will likely arise within such flexible HVDC systems, which would significantly threaten the grand electric power system’s stable operation. A current-type enhanced virtual inertia control is proposed to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillations induced by a weak AC power grid in the modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based HVDC systems. Firstly, a small signal model of MMC is established to study the stability of the system under a weak power grid. Focally, a current-mode virtual inertial control is proposed to suppress the AC power grid’s sub-synchronous oscillation by directly taking the grid current as the virtual inertia control variable. Finally, the proposed virtual inertia control approach is verified using both offline and real-time simulation based on the Chongqing-Hubei flexible MMC-HVDC transmission system. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed current-mode virtual inertia control strategy can efficiently suppress sub-synchronous oscillations in the MMC-HVDC system interacting with a weak AC grid, which enhances the stability and reliability of the power system.

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33

Kumar, Prashant. "Enhancement of Power Quality by an Application FACTS Devices." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i1.pp10-17.

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<p>The paper narrates widespread use of electrical energy by modern civilization has necessitated producing bulk electrical energy economically and efficiently. The Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) is a new technology based on power electronics, which offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of AC transmission systems. Here SVC has been developed with the combination of TCSC and TCR. The paper contains simulation models of Thyristor controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Thyristor controlled Reactor (TCR)-based Static VAR Compensator (SVC) which are the series and shunt Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The fact devices are designed by considering the line losses and their stability. The design and simulations of TCSC and TCR-based SVC shows the effectiveness of result using the MATLAB/Simulink. The designed system will try to reduce the voltage drops and electrical losses in the network without the possibility of transient especially in case of long transmission system. Student feedback indicates that this package is user-friendly and considerably effective for students and researchers to study theory of controlled reactor compensators, series capacitor compensator, and the reactive power control and voltage regulation..</p>

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34

Sun, Ruijuan, Xiaoyuan Dang, and Jiayi Yang. "Application Analysis of MMC-HVDC AC Tie Line Transmission in New Energy Power Generation." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2022 (September 28, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4301709.

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In order to solve the problem of new energy power generation, the author proposes an application analysis method based on MMC-HVDC AC tie line transmission in new energy power generation. This method analyzes the research status of the operation, protection, and control of HVDC flexible transmission systems in various countries and summarizes the advantages of flexible HVDC transmission systems compared with traditional DC, the research focus of the system protection control is explored from the research methods and research ideas. Experimental results show that: the dynamic response of the average value of the capacitor voltage when the two control systems are subjected to external disturbances, the disturbance is set as the DC side voltage rise, and the amplitude is 5%. Conclusion. MMC-HVDC is beneficial to improve the stability and reliability of system operation.

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35

Ooi, B. T., and M. Kazerani. "Voltage-source matrix converter as a controller in flexible AC transmission systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 13, no. 1 (1998): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.660885.

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36

Shea, J. J. "Understanding FACTS-concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems [Book Review]." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 18, no. 1 (January 2002): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.2002.981326.

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37

Singh, Ankit Kumar. "UHVDC-Technology Future of India Electricity Transmission." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 20, 2021): 1620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36686.

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it's proposed to use highly complex grid controllers to include power grids into one super- grid that may acquire large penetration of inexhaustible powers, without compromising power quality, active and reactive power flow, and voltage and facility stability. The super-grid constructed with ultra- high voltage DC (UHVDC) and flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) together with dedicated ac and dc interconnectors with intelligent systems applications to supply a wise Integrated Super-Grid. DC interconnectors will segment the whole continent's power systems into five large asynchronous segments (regions). Noncontemporary divisions will prevent ac fault propagation between sections while allowing power exchange between different parts of the super-grid, with minimum difficulty for grid code unification or harmonization of regulatory regimes across the mainland as each segment maintains its accord . a sensible Integrated wattage Super-Grid powered by these technologies is critical in supporting sustained economic process and development; established on the keystone of renewable energy and utilizing over 600GW immeasurable potential of Africa's clean and renewable hydroelectric, photovoltaic and alternative energy as a little of a extensive energy comingle of traditional and complementary energy resources.

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38

Gopinath, B., S. Suresh Kumar, and Juvan Michael. "Stability Improvement in Power Systems Using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.392.

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Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) is a system composed of static equipments used for ac transmission of electric energy to improve the power transfer capability and to enhance controllability of interconnected network. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most widely used FACTS device for providing fast acting reactive power compensation on high voltage electricity transmission network. This paper deals with the designing of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference controller (ANFIC) and fuzzy based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) controller for the performance analysis of UPFC. The controller have been designed and tested for controlling the real and reactive power of UPFC. Fuzzy-PI controller is used to control the shunt part of UPFC. The system response under high short circuit level is tested on 5-bus system and 118-bus system. Computer simulation by MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to verify proposed control strategies.

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39

Lv, Xiaojv, Jialong Wang, Zhichao Zhang, Ziwen Liu, and Zhaoxia Li. "Adaptive Active Inertia Control Strategy of MMC-HVDC Systems for Flexible Frequency Support." Electronics 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2023): 4288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12204288.

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The Modular Multilevel Converter High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (MMC-HVDC) technology is considered to be the most feasible choice for high-voltage and high-power transmission systems, and its flexibility and high controllability provide a new solution for renewable energy grid integration. The MMC topology contains a large number of capacitors, which enables it to provide a certain active inertia support for the connected AC system. Different from a synchronous machine, the active inertia control of an MMC can flexibly adjust a system’s inertia-supporting power by changing the control parameters. By introducing a variation of the Sigmoid function with amplitude-limiting capability, this paper proposes an adaptive active inertia control strategy for the MMC-HVDC system. The proposed scheme adjusts the inertia constant adaptively according to the frequency change rate of the AC system, which can better respond to the frequency recovery performance. Finally, the MMC-HVDC simulation model is established in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

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40

M.S. Priyadarshini. "Operation of Thyristor Controlled Reactor and Thyristor Switched Capacitor of Static var Compensator for Voltage Variations." South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology 12, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/sajet.2022.12.59.

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The deviations that occur in electrical power supplied by utilities to consumers are termed as power quality disturbances. Due to power quality disturbances, a change is evident for a short duration in voltage, current or frequency. In order to maintain constant voltage to the connected load, compensation devices are used based on flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) technology. Based on an increase or decrease in voltage, suitable correction action can be taken by power electronic based devices. The voltage and current variations of static VAR compensator, shunt connected flexible AC transmission system device, is analyzed. The variations in system voltage are due to sag and swell. The operation of thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and thyristor switched capacitor (TSC) are analyzed which together comprise static VAR compensator.

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41

Rios, Mario A., and Fredy A. Acero. "Planning multi-terminal direct current grids based graphs theory." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp37-46.

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Transmission expansion planning in AC power systems is well known and employs a variety of optimization techniques and methodologies that have been used in recent years. By contrast, the planning of HVDC systems is a new matter for the interconnection of large power systems, and the interconnection of renewable sources in power systems. Although the HVDC systems has evolved, the first implementations were made considering only the needs of transmission of large quantities of power to be connected to the bulk AC power system. However, for the future development of HVDC systems, meshed or not, each AC system must be flexible to allow the expansion of these for future conditions. Hence, a first step for planning HVDC grids is the planning and development of multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems which will be later transformed in a meshed system. This paper presented a methodology that use graph theory for planning MTDC grids and for the selection of connection buses of the MTDC to an existing HVAC transmission system. The proposed methodology was applied to the Colombian case, where the obtained results permit to migrate the system from a single HVDC line to a MTDC grid.

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42

Wahab, Noor Izzri Abdul, Suleiman Musa, Rebaz J. Ahmed, and Halimatusaadiah Bt Rusli. "Optimisation Techniques for Location of Flexible AC Transmission System Devices in Power Systems." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 6, no. 5 (December 2013): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.065.09.

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43

Duran, Alberto, Efrain Ibaceta, Matias Diaz, Felix Rojas, Roberto Cardenas, and Hector Chavez. "Control of a Modular Multilevel Matrix Converter for Unified Power Flow Controller Applications." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040953.

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The modular multilevel matrix converter has been proposed as a suitable option for high power applications such as flexible AC transmission systems. Among flexible AC transmission systems, the unified power flow controller stands out as the most versatile device. However, the application of the modular multilevel matrix converter has not been thoroughly analyzed for unified power flow controller applications due to the sophisticated control systems that are needed when its ports operate at equal frequencies. In this context, this paper presents a cascaded control structure for a modular multilevel matrix converter based unified power flow controller. The control is implemented in a decoupled reference frame, and it features proportional-integral external controllers and internal proportional multi-resonant controllers. Additionally, the input port of the modular multilevel matrix converter is regulated in grid-feeding mode, and the output port is regulated in grid-forming mode to provide power flow compensation. The effectiveness of the proposed vector control system is demonstrated through simulation studies and experimental validation tests conducted with a 27-cell 5 kW prototype.

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Jadeja, R., S. Patel, and S. Chauhan. "STATCOM – A Preface to Power Quality in Power Systems Performance." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 1 (February 5, 2016): 895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.603.

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This paper investigates different types of Flexible AC transmission System (FACTS) controllers with focus on various operational and control aspects of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) to different performance characteristics like power transfer capability, voltage regulation, reactive power management, stability limits, power factor improvement etc. In addition, various features related to STATCOM like converter topologies, reference compensating signal generation schemes, controllers, and generation of switching signals are reviewed.

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Huanca, Dany H., Djalma M. Falcão, and Murilo E. C. Bento. "Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Storage, Flexible AC Transmission System, Losses, and Contingencies to Integrate Wind Power." Energies 17, no. 7 (April 8, 2024): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071777.

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To meet future load projection with the integration of renewable sources, the transmission system must be planned optimally. Thus, this paper introduces a comparative analysis and comprehensive methodology for transmission expansion planning (TEP), incorporating the combined effects of wind power, losses, N-1 contingency, a FACTS, and storage in a flexible environment. Specifically, the optimal placement of the FACTS, known as series capacitive compensation (SCC) devices, is used. The intraday constraints associated with wind power and energy storage are represented by the methodology of typical days jointly with the load scenarios light, heavy, and medium. The TEP problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem through a DC model and is solved using a specialized genetic algorithm. This algorithm is also used to determine the optimal placement of SCC devices and storage systems in expansion planning. The proposed methodology is then used to perform a comparison of the effect of the different technologies on the robustness and cost of the final solution of the TEP problem. Three test systems were used to perform the comparative analyses, namely the Garver system, the IEEE-24 system, and a real-world Colombian power system of 93 buses. The results indicate that energy storage and SCC devices lead to a decrease in transmission requirements and overall investment, enabling the effective integration of wind farms.

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Ge, Ting You, and Yang Jiang. "Analysis on Control Solution of Interline Power Flow Controller." Materials Science Forum 861 (July 2016): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.861.299.

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Interline power flow controller is the control device of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) which can adjust trend, enhance stability, improve power grid transmission, etc. Through the analysis of the structure of IPFC, this paper demonstrates that fuzzy control method is an advanced and reasonable control method, which can be independently control bus voltage and the active and reactive power current on a line in the power system.

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Wang, Ting, Xinyang Hu, Longen Zhang, and Pangqi Ye. "Research on operation characteristics and control strategy of hybrid multi-feed HVDC system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2591, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2591/1/012040.

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Abstract Flexible DC transmission technology based on voltage source converter (VSC-HVDC) and high voltage DC transmission technology based on grid commutation converter (LCC-HVDC) have complementary characteristics, so the hybrid DC technology combined with LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC can make them complement each other and become the development trend of power grid technology in the future. In the existing hybrid multi-infeed DC system, conventional DC transmission (LCC-HVDC) and flexible DC transmission (VSC-HVDC) operate independently and are not coordinated with each other, but there is a blank in the research on the protection coordination relationship between VSC/LCC parallel DC hybrid system and its near area AC system. Therefore, it is necessary to theoretically analyse and study the operation characteristics, control strategy and protection coordination relationship between near-area AC systems of hybrid multi-infeed HVDC systems. Due to the limited space, this paper mainly analyses the operation characteristics and control strategy of hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system, and verifies the correctness of the theory through simulation research. In the next step, the corresponding protection is configured in the above simulation model, and the protection adaptability analysis and protection optimization scheme of hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system are obtained.

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Ge, S. Y., and T. S. Chung. "Optimal active power flow incorporating power flow control needs in flexible AC transmission systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 14, no. 2 (May 1999): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.761906.

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Latha, Bojaraj Soumya, and A. Amudha. "Optimal Placement of Unified Power Flow Controller in the Transmission Line Using SFL Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.352.

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A power system structure has the generation, transmission and the distribution systems. During the transfer of power from the generation system to the distribution system, transmission line losses are occurred. To reduce the losses and keep the system stable, many controllers are being used. The Flexible AC Transmission systems (FACTS) are the modern controllers finding application in the power systems. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is considered to be the best among the FACTS devices. It is installed in the transmission line to maintain the voltage of the system within the prescribe limits. The location to fix the UPFC is found using Shuffled Leap Frog Algorithm (SLFA). The transformer ratio is varied from its nominal value. Testing is done using an IEEE 30 bus system and the results are discussed.

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Yuma, G. P., and K. Kusakana. "Application of Flexible AC Transmission Systems Devices for Power System Stability Enhancement and Case Study." Advanced Science Letters 19, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 2195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2013.4950.

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