Journal articles: 'Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems'

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Sadiku, Matthew N. O., Adedamola A. Omotoso, and Sarhan M. Musa Adebowale E. Shadare. "Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-1 (December 31, 2018): 809–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd19063.

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Abarrategui Ranero, O., M. Gómez Perez, and D. M. Larruskain Eskobal. "DSP filter design for flexible alternating current transmission systems." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, no. 04 (April 2006): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj04.270.

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Georgilakis, Pavlos S., and Peter G. Vernados. "Flexible AC Transmission System Controllers: An Evaluation." Materials Science Forum 670 (December 2010): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.670.399.

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Electricity market activities and a growing demand for electricity have led to heavily stressed power systems. This requires operation of the networks closer to their stability limits. Cost effective solutions are preferred over network extensions. The flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS), a new technology based on power electronics, offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of ac transmission systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review and evaluation of FACTS controllers.

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Fediv, Y. I., and O. M. Sivakova. "FLEXIBLE ALTERNATING CURRENT TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF CURRENT CONVERTERS WITH TURN-OFF THYRISTORS." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2019, no. 52 (March 13, 2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2019.52.028.

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Sh. Wais, Dunya, and Wafaa S. Majeed. "PERFORMANCE OF HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE BASED ON THYRISTOR-CONTROL SERIES COMPENSATOR." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 25, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.25.5.3.

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This research aims to improve the steady-state performance of high-voltage power transmission lines, which is a significant challenge for the power system grid's safe and reliable operation. The research adopted Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System for electronic devices. The flexible alternating current transmission system technology will be used in this specific work as Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensators. Thyristor-controlled series compensator devices increase transmission systems' capacity and enhance the voltage profile by regulating transmission line reactance. Gravitational Search Algorithm is a meta-heuristic approach applied to find the optimum size and optimal location of thyristor-controlled series compensators in power systems. The gravitational search algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective and integrated optimum power flow problem in reactive energy management during normal and contingency operations. The results showed reduced voltage deviation, reduced active/reactive power losses, and increased transmission line reserves above thermal limits, in addition to reducing the installed cost and number of thyristor series compensators devices. The simulation part was created with MATLAB programming language and validated with MATPOWER software. Applied to IEEE 30 bus system and 400kV super high voltage grid system.

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Adnan, Hasan, and Ahmaed Alsammak. "A Comparison Study of the Most Important Types of the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems(FACTs)." Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ) 25, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2020.126854.1027.

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Adhikari, Manav. "THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STATCOM WITH FC-TCR AND SSSC." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 2, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v2.i3.2015.475.

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The Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) device deals with the control of power flow, alternating current of transmission line and immediately respond towards the stability problems of the system. The present paper show that how the FACTS devices enhance the different parameter of the power systems like power transfer capacity of line, system stability etc. In MATLAB a simplified transmission system is modeled and the resultant power (PQ) and voltage profiles are studied as an uncompensated system. Now the same transmission system is simulating with FACTS device i.e. Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), Fixed Capacitor Thyristor Controlled Reactor (FC-TCR) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). The result obtained after simulation provide the power and voltage profiles, are analyzed as a compensated system. Finally we found that a compensated system have better voltage profile and power flow w.r.t. an uncompensated system.

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Basu, Biswajit, Andrea Staino, and Malabika Basu. "Role of flexible alternating current transmission systems devices in mitigating grid fault-induced vibration of wind turbines." Wind Energy 17, no. 7 (May 27, 2013): 1017–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1616.

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Brahmaiah, V. Siva, and Manav Adhikari. "THE ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC RESPONSE AND VOLTAGE FLICKER WITH STATCOM ON DISTRIBUTION NETWORK." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 4, no. 4 (January 31, 2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i4.2017.79.

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The Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) device deals with the control of power flow, alternating current of transmission line and immediately respond towards the stability problems of the system. The present paper show that how the FACTS device STATCOM enhance the dynamic response and voltage flicker in distribution network of the power systems. In MATLAB a simplified distribution system is modeled and the find out the desired objectives. D-STATCOM changes from inductive to capacitive operation, the modulation index of the PWM inverter is increased from 0.56 to 0.9 which corresponds to a proportional increase in inverter voltage. Reversing of reactive power is very fast, about one cycle, as observed on D-STATCOM current. Observed on Scope that voltage fluctuation at bus B3 is now reduced to +/- 0.7 %. The D-STATCOM compensates voltage by injecting a reactive current modulated and varying between 0.6 pu capacitive when voltage is low and 0.6 pu inductive when voltage is high.

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Borovikov, Yuri S., Alexandr S. Gusev, and Ruslan A. Ufa. "Advanced Simulation of the Power Electronic Converters of VSC FACTS and HVDC in Hybrid Real Time Simulators of Power System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.749.

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The present paper focuses on simulation of VSC (voltage source converter) based on FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) and HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission technologies. Particular attention is paid to hybrid real-time simulation approach which provides adequate and comprehensive modeling of electric power systems (EPS), containing FACTS and HVDC. The results of experimental research support the necessary level of adequate simulation of commutation processes and suitability of the presented concept and simulation tools for effective solution of research and development tasks of effective use of HVDC and FACTS devices in EPS.

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de Oliveira, R. V., R. A. Ramos, N. G. Bretas, and R. Kuiava. "Automatic tuning method for the design of supplementary damping controllers for flexible alternating current transmission system devices." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 3, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0424.

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Alaşahan, Yusuf, and Salih Tosun. "DAĞITILMIŞ SERİ REAKTÖRLERİN(DSR) GÜÇ SİSTEMLERİNE ETKİLERİ." e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 15, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2020.15.4.2a0184.

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Distributed Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (DFACTS) devices are devices that are connected in series to the transmission line and even adding reactance. Devices, also referred to as Distributed Serial Reactors (DSR), have the ability correct impedance imbalance by interfering with line parameters in the power system. In addition, voltage balancing as a result of balanced load flow enables more power transmission or more efficient use of the power system's transmission capability. For this reason, the use of the system to control its loadability without expanding its dimensions is becoming more and more widespread. In this study, the effects of DSR devices on system loadability and voltage stability and their applicability are analyzed. The analysis was carried out on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 6-bus Standard system using the Power World Simulator Program. The effects of DSR on the system were investigated by performing load flow.

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Hocine, Sekhane, and Labed Djamel. "Enhancement of power flow using FACTS systems." Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research 7, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjcs.v7i1.2697.

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In this paper, both standard IEEE test systems 57-bus and Algerian 59-bus are considered. To enhance the power flow of these two considerable networks in terms of voltage profile and reduce the real and reactive total transmission losses, the inclusion of flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices is one of the best solutions. For this, a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is proposed. Our code is written in the MATLAB computing environment, based on finding the weakest buses in the network, and placing one or two STATCOMs in an appropriate place; in the next step, there would be recalculation of the power flow again. The results of power flow compared with the popular MATPOWER software environment show the exactitude of our code calculation, and the enhancement of voltage profile, especially in buses where STATCOM is placed. Furthermore, the reduction of real and reactive losses shows the effectiveness of the FACTS device proposed. Keywords: FACTS, STATCOM, MATLAB, MATPOWER.

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A. Hussein, Nabil, Ayamn A. Eisa, Hassan M. Mahmoud, Safy A. Shehata, and El-Saeed A. Othman. "Approaches for effective using of interline power flow controller steady state model." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14892.

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Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is the latest proposed flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) device. Although IPFC was proposed in 1998, its performance studying stills good research area. It cannot be denied that, the first step for performance anal-ysis is developing an effective simulation model. This paper is tackling; the steady state modeling for a power system equipped with IPFC device, approaches for applying this model and the idea behind each approach. 5-Bus, 14-Bus and 30-Bus systems have been chosen as case studies to support the comparison between the three approaches.

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Amiar, Adel, and Mohamed Adjabi. "STATCOM’s contribution to the improvement of voltage plan and power flow in an electrical transmission network." Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research 8, no. 1 (April 11, 2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjcs.v8i1.3289.

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Flexible alternating current transmission systems are used since nearly four decades and present very good dynamic performances. The purpose of this work is to study the behaviour of a system where static compensator (STATCOM) is located at the midpoint of a long transmission line functioning in disturbed modes with various levels of load caused by tripping and then, reclosing of the incoming station breaker. The studied model and starting from the analysis of various alternatives will lead to the checking of the aptitude of the STATCOM to maintain the voltage plan and to improve the power flow in electro-energetic system which is the east region of Algerian 400 kV transmission network. The steady state performance of STATCOM’s controller is analysed through computer simulations with MATLAB/Simulink program. The simulation results have demonstrated that STATCOM can be effectively applied in power transmission systems to solve the problems of poor dynamic performance and voltage regulation. Keywords: STATCOM, reactive power, power flow, voltage plan, breaker automatic recloser.

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Khoa, Ngo, and Doan Tung. "Locating Fault on Transmission Line with Static Var Compensator Based on Phasor Measurement Unit." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2018): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092380.

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The flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) have been widely used in modern power systems. Because of the presence of the FACTS devices, distance relays in transmission lines may inaccurately locate fault locations. Therefore, it is significant to find a mechanism for locating fault in transmission lines connected to FACTS in which a static var compensator (SVC) is investigated in this work. Based on the development of a phasor measurement unit (PMU) with global positioning system (GPS), this paper proposes a new method for calculating apparent impedance seen by the distance relay location while a short-circuit fault occurs in a transmission line connected the SVC to the midpoint of the line. According to the method, sampled voltage and current measurement at the relay and SVC locations are synchronized using PMUs and the synchronized measurements are then used to calculate a new apparent impedance and to locate the fault location in the line. The method in this paper has the capability for fast calculation and it also has the robustness for identifying different fault types in power systems. Matlab/Simulink software is applied to simulate the study results and to evaluate the correctness of the modeling and effectiveness of the proposed method for locating fault in this paper.

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Karuppiah, N., S. Muthubalaji, S. Ravivarman, Md Asif, and Abhishek Mandal. "Enhancing the performance of Transmission Lines by FACTS Devices using GSA and BFOA Algorithms." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.6 (September 25, 2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.6.20463.

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Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System devices have numerous applications in electrical transmission lines like improvement of voltage stability, reactive power compensation, congestion management, Available Transfer Capacity enhancement, real power loss reduction, voltage profile improvement and much more. The effectiveness of these FACTS devices is enhanced by the placement of these devices in the transmission lines. The placement is based on transmission line sensitivity factors such as Bus voltage stability index and line voltage stability index. This research article focuses on optimizing the location, number and ratings of FACTS devices using Evolutionary Algorithms like Bacterial Foraging Algorithm and Gravitational search algorithm. FACTS devices such as Static Var Compensator, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor and Unified Power Flow Controller are placed on IEEE 14 bus and IEEE 30 bus systems for reducing the real power loss in the transmission system. The results show that the performance of the transmission lines is enhanced more using Bacterial Foraging Algorithm than Gravitational Search Algorithm.

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Nguyen, T. T., and R. Gianto. "Optimal design for control coordination of power system stabilisers and flexible alternating current transmission system devices with controller saturation limits." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 4, no. 9 (2010): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2009.0328.

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Alsammak, Ahmed Nasser, and Hasan Adnan Mohammed. "Power quality improvement using fuzzy logic controller based unified power flow controller." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp1-9.

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The Power quality of the electrical system is an important issue for industrial, commercial, and housing uses. An increasing request for high quality electrical power and an increasing number of distorting loads had led to increase the consideration of power quality by customers and utilities. The development and use of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTs) controllers in power transmission systems had led to many applications of these controllers. A unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one of the FACTs elements which is used to control both active and reactive power flow of the transmission line. This paper tried to improve power quality using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based UPFC, where it used to control both active and reactive power flow, decreas the total harmonic distortion (THD), correct power factor, regulate line voltage and enhance transient stability. A comparison study of the performance between the system with a conventional PID controller and FLC has been done. The theoretical analysis has been proved by implementing the system using MATLAB/SIMULINK package.The Power quality of the electrical system is an important issue for industrial, commercial, and housing uses. An increasing request for high quality electrical power and an increasing number of distorting loads had led to increase the consideration of power quality by customers and utilities. The development and use of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTs) controllers in power transmission systems had led to many applications of these controllers. A unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one of the FACTs elements which is used to control both active and reactive power flow of the transmission line. This paper tried to improve power quality using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based UPFC, where it used to control both active and reactive power flow, decreas the total harmonic distortion (THD), correct power factor, regulate line voltage and enhance transient stability. A comparison study of the performance between the system with a conventional PID controller and FLC has been done. The theoretical analysis has been proved by implementing the system using MATLAB/SIMULINK package.

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Felix Stephen, S., and Dr I. Jacob Raglend. "Voltage Regulation Using STATCOM with PI and Adaptive PI Controls." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.1 (August 4, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.1.17082.

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In power systems, voltage instability problems occur due to its continuous demand in heavily loaded networks. So it is essential to stabilize the voltage levels in power systems. The stabilization of power systems can be improved by Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices. One of the FACTS devices named Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) injects the compensating current in phase quadrature with line voltage and replicate as inductive reactance to produce capacitive power for the AC grid or as capacitive reactance to draw inductive power from the AC grid for controlling power flow in the line. This paper proposes Adaptive PI control over conventional PI that normally self-adjusts the controller gains under disturbances and helps in improving the performance and attaining a preferred response, irrespective of the change of working conditions. The work is implemented under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. This method performs more efficient than the original PI with fixed control gains and also improves the system response speed consistently.

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Abdelkrim, Bouanane, and Yahiaoui Merzoug. "Robust stability power in the transmission line with the use of a UPFC system and neural controllers based adaptive control." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1281-1296.

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The main purpose of this paper is to design a regulator which enables a power system to track reference signals precisely and to be robust in the presence of uncertainty of system parameters and disturbances. The performances of the proposed controllers (NEWELM and NIMC) are based neural adaptive control and simulated on a two-bus test system and compared with a conventional PI controller with decoupling (PI-D). The studies are performed based on well known software package MATLAB/Simulink tool box. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System devices (FACTS) are power electronic components. Their fast response offers potential benefits for power system stability enhancement and allows utilities to operate their transmission systems even closer to their physical limitations, more efficiently, with improved reliability, greater stability and security than traditional mechanical switching technology. The most used component of FACTS systems is the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). According to high importance of power flow control in transmission lines, new controllers are designed based on the Elman Recurrent Neural Network (NEWELM) and Neural Inverse Model Control (NIMC) with adaptive control.

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Abdul Hamid, Zulkiffli, Ismail Musirin, Muhammad Amirul Adli Nan, and Zulkifli Othman. "Optimal Voltage Stability Improvement under Contingencies using Flower Pollination Algorithm and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp497-504.

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Recent power systems necessitate for maintaining a safe voltage stability as the number of problems such as contingencies and reactive power insufficiency are increasing. In this paper, installation and sizing of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices have been introduced for solving the voltage stability problems under contingencies. The FACTS device to be used is Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). Besides improving the voltage magnitude at all buses to a desired level, installation of TCSC at proper locations can minimize total transmission losses of the system. To conduct the sizing task, the newly developed Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) has been implemented as the engine for optimization. Through experimentation, the results proved that the proposed placement and sizing technique has successfully mitigated the voltage stability problems. In addition, the computation time for FPA’s convergence was tolerable with optimum results.

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Sreeshobha, E., and P. V. N. Prasad. "Economic profit estimation of tranmission system using novel contingency ranking with markov modelling." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp565-572.

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Technique to evaluate probability of occurrence of selected contingencies of 6 Bus Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) and IEEE 9 Bus system by Markov modelling is presented in this paper. Obtained probabilities for selected contingencies are validated by comparing with binomial distribution based probabilities. Load flow analysis and performance index based contingency ranking of total elements of 6 bus RBTS and IEEE 9 Bus systems is simulated by Power System Simulation for Engineers (PSSE) software. Novel reliability evaluation technique which unify contingency ranking with Markov modeling is proposed for RBTS and extended to IEEE 9 Bus system. Accuracy, completeness and simple to implement are salient features of proposed novel reliability evaluation method. Reliability of RBTS and IEEE 9 Bus systems can be improved by incorporating Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) device. Improvement in the reliability and economic revenue of RBTS and IEEE 9 Bus systems due to Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) incorporation is evaluated.

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Abdelkrim, Bouanane, Yahiaoui Merzoug, Benyahia Khaled, and Chaker Abdelkader. "A Comparative Study of the UPFC System by Simulation with PI-D and (NEWELM and NIMC) Controllers Based on the Adaptive Control for the Compensation of Power." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS 11 (May 18, 2020): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232017.2020.11.4.

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-Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System devices (FACTS) are power electronic components. Their fast response offers potential benefits for power system stability enhancement and allows utilities to operate their transmission systems even closer to their physical limitations, more efficiently, with improved reliability, greater stability and security than traditional mechanical switching technology. The unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most comprehensive multivariable device among the FACTS controllers. According to high importance of power flow control in transmission lines, new controllers are designed based on the Elman Recurrent Neural Network (NEWELM) and Neural Inverse Model Control (NIMC) with adaptive control. The Main purpose of this paper is to design a controller which enables a power system to track reference signals precisely and to be robust in the presence of uncertainty of system parameters and disturbances. The performances of the proposed controllers (NEWELM and NIMC) are based neural adaptive control and simulated on a two bus test system and compared with a conventional PI controller with decoupling (PI-D). The studies are performed based on well known software package MATLAB/Simulink tool box.

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Shahgholian, Ghazanfar, and Amir Movahedi. "Power system stabiliser and flexible alternating current transmission systems controller coordinated design using adaptive velocity update relaxation particle swarm optimisation algorithm in multi-machine power system." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, no. 8 (May 19, 2016): 1860–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1002.

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Gupta, Divya, and Sanjay Kumar Jain. "Available Transfer Capability Enhancement by FACTS Devices Using Metaheuristic Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (MEEPSO) Technique." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040869.

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Energy power flows are an important factor to be calculated and, thus, are needed to be enhanced in an electrical generation system. It is very necessary to optimally locate the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices and improve the Available Transfer Capability (ATC) of the power transmission lines. It relieves the congestion of the system and increases the flow of power. This research study has been accomplished in two stages: optimization of location of FACTS device by the novel Sensitivity and Power loss-based Congestion Reduction (SPCR) method and the calculation of ATC using the proposed Metaheuristic Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (MEEPSO) technique. The Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is used as a FACTS device to control the reactance of power transmission line. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated, utilizing the six bus as well as 30 bus system. The acquired outcomes are contrasted with conventional ACPTDF and DCPTDF procedures. These values are determined with the assistance of MATLAB version 2017 on the Intel Core i5 framework by taking two-sided exchanges and they are contrasted and values determined with the assistance of Power World Simulator (PWS) programming.

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Rahmouni, Abdelkader. "Impact of static reactive power compensator (SVC) on the power grid." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS 11 (June 11, 2020): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232017.2020.11.12.

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The work presented in this paper is a contribution to the problem of controlling the reactive powers and the voltages in an electrical network. Among these control tools, the static reactive power compensator (SVC) has been chosen because of its simplicity of control. The SVC is among the FACTS 'Alternative Flexible Current Transmission Systems' devices that help to deal with problems encountered in the operation of electrical networks either in the distribution side or in the transport side. In this work, the SVC is used to control the reactive power and the voltage in an electric power transmission network. In order to improve its efficiency, three voltage regulation systems have been chosen in the control system of this compensator.

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Galloway, S. J., I. M. Elders, G. M. Burt, and B. Sookananta. "Optimal flexible alternative current transmission system device allocation under system fluctuations due to demand and renewable generation." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 4, no. 6 (2010): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2009.0221.

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Sechilariu, Manuela. "Intelligent Energy Management of Electrical Power Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082951.

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Smart grid implementation is facilitated by multi-source energy systems development, i.e., microgrids, which are considered the key smart grid building blocks. Whether they are alternative current (AC) or direct current (DC), high voltage or low voltage, high power or small power, integrated into the distribution system or the transmission network, multi-source systems always require an intelligent energy management that is integrated into the power system. A comprehensive intelligent energy system aims at providing overall energy efficiency with regard to the following: increased power generation flexibility, increased renewable generation systems, improved energy consumption, reduced CO2 emission, improved stability, and minimized energy cost. This Special Issue presents recent key theoretical and practical developments that concern the models, technologies, and flexible solutions to facilitate the following optimal energy and power flow strategies: the techno-economic model for optimal sources dispatching (mono and multi-objective energy optimization), real-time optimal scheduling, and real time optimization with model predictive control.

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Lakdja, Fatiha, Fatima Zohra Gherbi, Redouane Berber, and Houari Boudjella. "Optimal TCSC placement for optimal power flow." Journal of Electrical Engineering 63, no. 5 (November 1, 2012): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-012-0046-2.

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Very few publications have been focused on the mathematical modeling of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) -devices in optimal power flow analysis. A Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC) model has been proposed, and the model has been implemented in a successive QP. The mathematical models for TCSC have been established, and the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem with these FACTS-devices is solved by Newtons method. This article employs the Newton- based OPF-TCSC solver of MATLAB Simulator, thus it is essential to understand the development of OPF and the suitability of Newton-based algorithms for solving OPF-TCSC problem. The proposed concept was tested and validated with TCSC in twenty six-bus test system. Result shows that, when TCSC is used to relieve congestion in the system and the investment on TCSC can be recovered, with a new and original idea of integration.

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Kotsampopoulos, Panos, Pavlos Georgilakis, Dimitris T. Lagos, Vasilis Kleftakis, and Nikos Hatziargyriou. "FACTS Providing Grid Services: Applications and Testing." Energies 12, no. 13 (July 3, 2019): 2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132554.

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The role of flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTSs) in the provision of grid services is becoming increasingly important, due to the massive integration of intermittent renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and the decommissioning of thermal plants. A comprehensive literature review of grid services offered by FACTS is performed, focusing on the different grid services that they can provide, such as power flow control, reactive power control, voltage control, power quality improvement, harmonic mitigation, improvement of transient stability, and damping of inter-area and intra-area oscillations. These grid services need to be realistically and economically validated in suitable testing environments. A review of relevant standards, guides, and the literature is performed, which covers the entire range from functional specification and factory testing up to the field testing of FACTS. Advanced industry practices, such as controller hardware in the loop (CHIL) testing of FACTS controllers by the manufacturer, and recent trends, such as CHIL testing of replica controllers by the owner, are underlined. Limitations of conventional testing and CHIL testing are explained and the use of power hardware in the loop (PHIL) simulation for FACTS testing is discussed. CHIL and scaled-down PHIL tests on a transmission static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) are performed and a comparison of the results is presented.

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Adewolu, Babatunde Olusegun, and Akshay Kumar Saha. "Deployment of FACTS Controllers in Solving Power System Network Problems: A Review." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 51 (November 2020): 147–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.51.147.

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Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) deployments and applications are on the increase in modern day power network systems because of their advantages over conventional ways of power network physical expansion. Therefore, a comprehensive review of FACTS controllers with their various applications is carried out in this paper. Formation of different applications and advantages of FACTS devices into voltage control, power flow control, system stability control, power quality control, and economic benefits as inferred from the literatures is among the vantage points of this presentation. FACTS background alongside different techniques of deployments, leading to various applications and performance of these devices, hitherto organized structurally based on target objectives are also explored, presented and discussed. Summarily, this study provides an overview of the background, topological structures, deployment techniques and cutting-edge utilization of FACTS controllers, with a view to acquainting power players, electrical engineers, network designers as well as researchers, with the trends in the development, status and future direction of FACTS applications. Convincingly, the content of this article will benefit all the stakeholders in the area of FACTS deployments and utilizations.

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Kamari, N. A. M., I. Musirin, M. K. M. Zamani, and S. A. Halim. "Oscillation stability enhancement using multi-objective swarm based technique for smib system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp631-639.

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This paper discussed the impact of multi-objective function in a swarm-based optimization approach for modulate proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters of a static var compensator (SVC) in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. SVC is a Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices which often used to increase the damping of the synchronous generator. In this paper, three parameters of PID controller: proportional gain, KP, interval gain, KI and derivative gain, KD are tuned with particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach. One multi-objective function (MO) that derived from the consolidation of maximum damping factor, σmax and minimum damping ratio, ξmin is proposed to elevate the damping capability of the systems. Validation with respect to speed response and eigenvalues verification proved that the proposed MO is more competent than single objective function.

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Buraimoh, Elutunji, Funso Kehinde Ariyo, Micheal Omoigui, and Innocent Ewaen Davidson. "Investigation of Combined SVC and TCSC versus IPFC in Enhancing Power System Static Security." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 40 (December 2018): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.40.119.

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Electrical power systems are often required to operate at full loading capacity due to ever increasing demand and transmission line contingencies with limited grid expansion. This results in line overload and operating near system limit, thereby threatening system security. Utilization of existing system can be achieved using Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices without violating system limits. This research investigation involves static security assessment of a modelled IEEE 30-bus test system in MATLAB/SIMULINK/PSAT environment. The security status with the incorporation of combined Static Var Compensator (SVC), Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) were determined. Prior to this, Contingency Severity Index (CSI) based on Performance Index (PI) of Voltage and Active Power was employed to determine the optimal location of the FACTS devices. Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) was applied to determine the optimal sizing/percentage compensation of FACTS. Subsequently, power system with and without the incorporation of FACTS devices were modelled. The ability of the compensated system to withstand credible transmission line contingencies without violating the normal operating limits (bus voltage and line thermal) was examined and presented. The paper presents how combined SVC/TCSC and an IPFC aided the power system to boost its steady state security in the face of possible line contingencies.

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Rao, B. Venkateswara, and G. V. Nagesh Kumar. "A Comparative Study of BAT and Firefly Algorithms for Optimal Placement and Sizing of Static VAR Compensator for Enhancement of Voltage Stability." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2015010105.

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Modern electric power utilities are facing many challenges due to increasing power demand but the growth of power generation and transmission has been limited due to limited resources, environmental restrictions and right-of-way problems. These problems can be minimized by installing Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices in modern electric utilities to optimize the existing transmission system. Most effective use of the FACTS devices depend on the fact, how these devices are placed in the power system, i.e. the location and size. An optimal location and size of FACTS devices allows controlling its power flows and thus enhances the stability and reliability of the power systems. In this paper, Firefly Algorithm (FA) and BAT Algorithm (BAT) have been applied and compared to determine the optimal location and size of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) in a power system to improve voltage stability subjected to minimize the active power losses, fuel cost, branching loading and voltage deviation. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and improvement of power system stability has been demonstrated on IEEE 57 bus system using fast voltage stability index. The results obtained with variation of parameters of Firefly and BAT Algorithms has been studied and compared with Genetic Algorithm. The results are presented and analyzed.

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Kwon, Hyuk-Il, Yun-Sung Cho, and Sang-Min Choi. "A Study on Optimal Power System Reinforcement Measures Following Renewable Energy Expansion." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225929.

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Renewable energy generation capacity in Korea is expected to reach about 63.8 GW by 2030 based on calculations using values from a power plan survey (Korea’s renewable energy power generation project plan implemented in September 2017) and the “3020” implementation plan prescribed in the 8th Basic Plan for Long-Term Electricity Supply and Demand that was announced in 2017. In order for the electrical grid to accommodate this capacity, an appropriate power system reinforcement plan is critical. In this paper, a variety of scenarios are constructed involving renewable energy capacity, interconnection measures and reinforcement measures. Based on these scenarios, the impacts of large-scale renewable energy connections on the future power systems are analyzed and a reinforcement plan is proposed based on the system assessment results. First, the scenarios are categorized according to their renewable energy interconnection capacity and electricity supply and demand, from which a database is established. A dynamic model based on inverter-based resources is applied to the scenarios here. The transmission lines, high-voltage direct current and flexible alternating current transmission systems are reinforced to increase the stability and capabilities of the power systems considered here. Reinforcement measures are derived for each stage of renewable penetration based on static and dynamic analysis processes. As a result, when large-scale renewable energy has penetrated some areas in the future in Korean power systems, the most stable systems could be optimally configured by applying interconnection measure two and reinforcement measure two as described here. To verify the performance of the proposed methodology, in this paper, comprehensive tests are performed based on predicted large-scale power systems in 2026 and 2031. Database creation and simulation are performed semi-automatically here using Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) and Python.

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Simões Louzeiro, Rennivan, Livia Da Silva Oliveira, David Barbosa de Alencar, and Roger Santos Koga. "Study and Simulation of Voltage Profile Recovery on a 200 km Transmission Line Using Shunt Static Var Compensator (SVC)." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 1038–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1965.

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This article aims to clarify how Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology, for static operating devices, conditioned on application to long-distance transmission lines can solve problems related to voltage drop on paths known as “weak zones” of the power transmission system. Some technical aspects of the construction of the SVC Static Reactive Compensator in conjunction with thyristor switching devices such as TCR and TSC are described. The proposed scenario is similar to the Brazilian interconnected system, where much of the generator park is hundreds of miles from the country's major consumer centers, leading to the structure of this system longer transmission lines and consequently greater losses in the transmission paths. For the proposed simulations the MATLAB Simulink ® environment was used considering different voltage unbalance operating ranges caused by three-phase faults in the transmission lines. The conclusions show that the distance from the lines to the load has a great influence on the oscillatory effects of voltage, and the fact that the “loading” transmission lines can compensate for much of the path by generating wars through the circuit's natural capacitance. The allocation of capacitor and shunt reactor banks is a reliable option for the transmission system and can act as a support mechanism for voltage control maneuvers to circumvent abrupt changes in reactive demand. From the simulations output comparison, the transient effects showed greater stability in the voltage signal recovery in the stretches where the compensation blocks were located near the lowering substation bus, thus demonstrating the capacity of the applied technology.

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Kuiava, Roman, Rodrigo A. Ramos, and Newton G. Bretas. "Robust control methodology for the design of supplementary damping controllers for FACTS devices." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 20, no. 2 (June 2009): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592009000200007.

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In this paper, a new procedure to design Supplementary Damping Controllers (SDCs) for Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices is proposed. The control design problem is formulated as a search for a feasible controller subject to restrictions in the form of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). The main objective, from the application viewpoint, is the improvement of the damping ratios associated to inter-area oscillation modes. Unlike other types of formulations existing in the literature, this new formulation is capable of explicitly modeling the constraints on the controller bandwidth, which are crucial to avoid undesired amplification of high frequency noise signals coming into the controller input. To illustrate the efficiency of the proposed procedure, the design of an SDC for a Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) placed in the New England/New York benchmark test system is carried out. The results show the designed controllers are able to provide adequate damping for the oscillations modes of interest for several different operating conditions.

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Gadupudi, L. Narayana, Gudapati Sambasiva Rao, Ramesh Devarapalli, and Fausto Pedro García Márquez. "Seven Level Voltage Source Converter Based Static Synchronous Compensator with a Constant DC-Link Voltage." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 7330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167330.

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Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) controllers are important to enhance the quality of power in power systems. The stability of a system is achieved via a FACTS device (a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)). This paper aims to control the losses in the transmission system during peak energy demand circumstances with minimal losses in the economical and functional efficiency of the system. The STATCOM operation of a seven level voltage source converter (VSC) with binary-weighted transformers is proposed for controlling the reactive power variations and terminal voltage changes at dynamic circumstances in the transmission system. The STATCOM is operated at 132 kV and is a 50 Hz AC system with a single DC-Link capacitance and two VSC power circuits. Each VSC circuit consists of three H-bridges with specific switching angle control in order to achieve low total harmonic distortion at the fundamental frequency. The coupled control circuit phenomenon is imperative for computing the switching angle for a stable performance. The dynamic functional improvement efficiency is harvested with a minimum number of switches and transformers used in high voltage and high-power applications. The number of switches, transformers, and capacitors for 132 kV are optimized with a proposed STATCOM operation in seven level VSC with binary-weighted transformers. The simulated results prove that the proposed model significantly improved system performance and stability.

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Van Dai, Le, Doan Duc Tung, Tran Le Thang Dong, and Le Cao Quyen. "Improving Power System Stability with Gramian Matrix-Based Optimal Setting of a Single Series FACTS Device: Feasibility Study in Vietnamese Power System." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3014510.

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The Vietnamese power system has experienced instabilities due to the effect of increase in peak load demand or contingency grid faults; hence, using flexible alternating-current transmission systems (FACTS) devices is a best choice for improving the stability margins. Among the FACTS devices, the thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) is a series connected FACTS device widely used in power systems. However, in practice, its influence and ability depend on setting. For solving the problem, this paper proposes a relevant method for optimal setting of a single TCSC for the purpose of damping the power system oscillations. This proposed method is developed from the combination between the energy method and Hankel-norm approximation approach based on the controllability Gramian matrix considering the Lyapunov equation to search for a number of feasible locations on the small-signal stability analysis. The transient stability analysis is used to compare and determine appropriate settings through various simulation cases. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by the simulation results based on the power system simulation engineering (PSS/E) and MATLAB programs. The obtained results show that the proposed method can apply to immediately solve the difficulties encountering in the Vietnamese power system.

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Esmail, Yahia M., Ali H. Kasem Alaboudy, M. S. Hassan, and Gamal M. Dousoky. "Mitigating power quality disturbances in smart grid using FACTS." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1223-1235.

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Power quality (PQ) assurance is a vital part of electrical distribution networks. There are many advantages and benefits of improving PQ, especially in the modern/smart grid. Smart grid (SG) has a lot of complicated and sensitive electrical components (non-linear loads) in addition to renewable energy systems (wind-solar) that may also be a source of PQ disturbances. PQ problems harm personal life and national production. Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) are among the fastest response flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) installed in smart grids to mitigate power quality disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, sag, swell, and harmonics. In this research, STATCOM and UPQC are designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to overcome PQ-related disruptions in smart grids. Accordingly, the differences between the proposed two solutions are highlighted across this research and renewable energy sources' reliability during faults. Therefore, the reader will be able to choose the appropriate FACTS devices. This study emphasizes the extent of the smart grid need for the FACTS. As per the given results of this study, STATCOM and UPQC have shown exemplary performance in the PQ improvement investigations conducted in the context of smart/modern grids.

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Gupta, Madhvi, Vivek Kumar, Gopal Krishna Banerjee, and N. K. Sharma. "Mitigating Congestion in a Power System and Role of FACTS Devices." Advances in Electrical Engineering 2017 (January 18, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4862428.

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Congestion management refers to avoiding or relieving congestion. In transmission lines, congestion management is one of the most important issues for the reliable operation of power system in the deregulated environment. Restructuring has brought considerable changes in all possible domains including electric supply industry. By virtue of restructuring, electricity has now become a commodity and has converted into a deregulated one. The traditional regulated power system has now become a competitive power market. In the present scenario, the real time transmission congestion is the operating condition in which the transfer capability to implement all the traded transactions simultaneously is not enough due to either some expected contingencies or market settlement. Thus, congestion is associated with one or more violations of the physical, operational, and policy constraints under which grids operate. Thus, congestion management is about managing the power transmission and distribution among valuable consumers priority-wise. Placement of FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) devices for generation rescheduling and load-shedding play a crucial role in congestion management. FACTS devices are used to enhance the maximum load ability of the transmission system. FACTS increases the flexibility of power system, makes it more controllable, and allows utilization of existing network closer to its thermal loading capacity without jeopardizing the stability. FACTS technology can boost the transfer capability in stability limited systems by 20–30%. As a result, more power can reach consumers with a shorter project implementation time and a lower investment cost. This review work unites the various publications on congestion management in past few decades.

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Hocine, Sekhane, and Labed Djamel. "Optimal number and location of UPFC devices to enhence voltage profile and minimizing losses in electrical power systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 3981. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp3981-3992.

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The fast increase of loads around the world has made electrical networks more and more complex and difficult to operate close to its capacities. This is has led to many problems such as voltage collapse and energy losses. Therefore, flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) are considred as a best solution for solving these problems. Unified Power Flow Controller UPFC is one of the most important and powerful FACTS devices due to its ability to increase the transmission capacity of the power system and reduce the total line losses. The problem of optimizing its number, location and size has become an important requirement for best advantages of this device. In this paper, a proposed relationship to identify the maximum number of FACTS devices that can be installed for a given power network is introduced in the search process code to determine the optimal number, optimal placement and size of UPFC device to enhance voltages profile and reduce overall system losses in the standard IEEE 14 bus test system using genetic algorithm (GA). The obtained results show clearly that all control parameters of UPFCs in each case are within their limits, and whenever the number of UPFCs installed increases, both voltage deviation and total losses well decreases. They also show that the application of the proposed relationship in the search process code facilitates greatly the search for optimal number, optimal placement and size of UPFC devices and reduces the calculation time. On the other hand, the obtained results has been scientifically justified and compared with other works reported in the literature.

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Firouzjahi, M., and A. Shokri. "Optimal design and control for UPFC using the evolutionary algorithms." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 51, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v51i3.29435.

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Among the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) tools, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) have ability to control the transmitted power, improve transient and dynamic stability and improve the profile of the voltage and damping of the oscillations in the power system. Using the proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers is a custom method. Selecting the PI and PID coefficients is through different methods. Also designing a resistant controller which can control the system in different points of work has been continuously considered by researchers. In this regard, in order to improve the performance of UPFC controllers, adjusting its parameters is required optimally which this matter itself would facilitate accessing to control objectives. In this project, UPFC is used for damping the oscillations of the power system. Also, in order to adjust the controller parameters optimally, evolutionary algorithms like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) and other algorithms are used.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(3), 231-238, 2016

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Arzeha, Nurul Aziah, Mohd Wazir Mustafa, and Rasyidah Mohamad Idris. "Damping Low Frequency Oscillations via FACTS-POD Controllers Tuned by Bees Algorithm." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 17, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v17n2.62.

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Power systems are often subject to low frequency electro-mechanical oscillations resulting from electrical disturbances and consequence of the development of interconnection of large power system. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices with Power Oscillation Damping (POD) as the supplemet controller has been recent research interest in damping the oscillation. Bees Algorithm (BA) is applied to optimized the parameters of the FACTS-POD controller. The main objective of optimization is to improve the system stability by moving the electro-mechanical eigenvalues on the s-plane to the left as far as possible. The controller is tested on a 3-machine 9-bus system and simulated in PSAT in MATLAB environment. The system is disturbed by increasing 10% mechanical input to Generator 2 and second disturbance is the system experiencing a three-phase fault. The performance of the system with the FACTS-POD controller is observed in terms of position of electromechanical eigenvalues on s-plane and damping responses of power oscillations where both terms shows significant improvement as compared to the system without FACTS-POD controller.

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Rahmouni, Abdelkader. "Impact of the hybrid reactive power compensator on the power grid used a fuzzy PI regulator." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp170-182.

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The work presented in this article is a contribution to the problem of controlling reactive powers and voltages in an electrical network. Among these control tools, the static reactive power compensator (SVC) was chosen because of its simplicity of control. SVC is one of the Alternative Flexible Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices which help to solve the problems encountered in the operation of electrical networks, either on the distribution side or on the transport side. To increase its compensation efficiency in the face of harmonic currents which cause voltage distortion, we have introduced a three-phase harmonic filter. This new hybrid SVC is used to control the reactive power, the voltage and in addition to reduce the voltage distortion and the correction of the power factor in the electrical energy transport network. In order to improve its efficiency, two voltage regulation systems have been chosen in the control system for this compensator, the fuzzy PI regulator and the PIP regulator.

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M. Kamari, N. A., I. Musirin, Z. A. Hamid, and A. A. Ibrahim. "Optimal Tuning of SVC-PI Controller using Whale Optimization Algorithm for Angle Stability Improvement." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp620-624.

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This paper proposed a new swarm-based optimization technique for tuning conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller parameters of a static var compensator (SVC) which controls a synchronous generator in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. As one of the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices, SVC is designed and implemented to improve the damping of a synchronous generator. In this study, two parameters of PI controller namely proportional gain, KP and integral gain, KI are tuned with a new optimization method called Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). This technique mimics the social behavior of humpback whales which is characterized by their bubble-net hunting strategy in order to enhance the quality of the solution. Validation with respect to damping ratio and eigenvalues determination confirmed that the proposed technique is more efficient than Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Artificial Immune System (AIS) in improving the angle stability of the system. Comparison between WOA, EP and AIS optimization techniques showed that the proposed computation approach gives better solution and faster computation time.

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Nkan, I. E., E. E. Okpo, and O. I. Okoro. "Multi-Type FACTS Controllers for Power System Compensation: A Case Study of the Nigerian 48-Bus, 330 kV System." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i1.9.

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Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices have provided proficient answers to power system instabilities faced in the systems operations today with very little infrastructural investment fund. This paper investigates the effects of the installation of the combination of two kinds of FACTS controllers; static VAR compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) compared with the installation of SVC or TCSC alone in the system. Voltage magnitude profile, active and reactive power losses of the three scenarios were achieved in the Nigerian 48-bus power system network using power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) in MATLAB environment. Simulation results obtained without and with FACTS devices optimally placed using voltage stability sensitivity factor (VSSF), revealed that the percentage decrease of the net real and reactive power losses of the combined SVC and TCSC was the highest at 31.917% whereas that of the standalone SVC and TCSC stood at 19.769% and 30.863% respectively. This shows that in addition to their capabilities to maintain acceptable voltage profile, the combination of SVC and TCSC has better compensating effect as they mitigate against power losses which was observed in their high percentage decrease in power losses compared to the standalone FACTS devices. Keywords: FACTS, optimum location, PSAT, SVC, TCSC, VSSF

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Wartana, I. Made, Ni Putu Agustini, and Sasidharan Sreedharan. "Optimal integration of wind energy with a shunt-FACTS controller for reductions in electrical power loss." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp41-53.

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The integration of distributed generators (DGs) with flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) can improve the performance of the grid system. In this study, we determine the location and optimal size of one type of DG, based on wind energy, with a shunt-FACTS control device called a static var compensator (SVC). The voltage profile is increase and the power loss reduced due to an improvement in performance from the maximizing load bus system scenario. Newton-Raphson power flow with a wind turbine generator (WTG) and SVC are formulated as a multi-objective problem called MLB system and minimizing system power loss (Ploss) by satisfying various system constraints, namely the loading limits, generation limits, voltage limits, and the small-signal stability. A variant of the genetic algorithm, called the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), is used to solve these conflicting multi-objective optimization problems. Modifications to the IEEE 14-bus standard and practical test system integrated to the WTG and SVC in the PSAT software are used as a test system. The simulation results indicate that the optimal allocation of the WTG and SVC, determined using the proposed technique, results in improved system performance, since all the specified constraints are met.

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Syah, Rahmad, Peyman Khorshidian Mianaei, Marischa Elveny, Naeim Ahmadian, Dadan Ramdan, Reza Habibifar, and Afshin Davarpanah. "A New Hybrid Algorithm for Multi-Objective Reactive Power Planning via FACTS Devices and Renewable Wind Resources." Sensors 21, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 5246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155246.

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The power system planning problem considering system loss function, voltage profile function, the cost function of FACTS (flexible alternating current transmission system) devices, and stability function are investigated in this paper. With the growth of electronic technologies, FACTS devices have improved stability and more reliable planning in reactive power (RP) planning. In addition, in modern power systems, renewable resources have an inevitable effect on power system planning. Therefore, wind resources make a complicated problem of planning due to conflicting functions and non-linear constraints. This confliction is the stochastic nature of the cost, loss, and voltage functions that cannot be summarized in function. A multi-objective hybrid algorithm is proposed to solve this problem by considering the linear and non-linear constraints that combine particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the virus colony search (VCS). VCS is a new optimization method based on viruses’ search function to destroy host cells and cause the penetration of the best virus into a cell for reproduction. In the proposed model, the PSO is used to enhance local and global search. In addition, the non-dominated sort of the Pareto criterion is used to sort the data. The optimization results on different scenarios reveal that the combined method of the proposed hybrid algorithm can improve the parameters such as convergence time, index of voltage stability, and absolute magnitude of voltage deviation, and this method can reduce the total transmission line losses. In addition, the presence of wind resources has a positive effect on the mentioned issue.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems'

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