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Forris, Sandra Ellen. "The Quest for Work and Family Balance Using Flexible Work Arrangements." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1439.
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Abstract
Employees experience challenges managing home and work. The increase of women in the workforce, single-parents, childcare, elder care responsibilities, and men in nontraditional roles warrant changes in traditional working hours and flexibility in work schedules. Through the theoretical frameworks of work-family conflict, spillover, border, and boundary theories, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how flexible work arrangements (FWAs) assisted employees in meeting work and family obligations. Minimal research is available in the defense industry and the use of FWAs. A nonprobability, convenience sample was used to explore how management and nonmanagement participants from a Midwest defense contractor used FWAs. An online questionnaire consisting of 59 questions and 14 face-to-face (FTF) interviews were used to collect data. There were 27 participants that responded to all online questions. FTF interviews were audio recorded and member-checked. The research questions were focused on how employees used FWAs and whether work-family balance (WFB) was achieved. Both data collection media were transcribed and inductively coded tracking emerging themes and patterns. Dominant themes showed that FWA increased WFB, employees worked longer hours, employees were loyal to the organization, and telecommuting was the ideal FWA. The implications for social change are providing a realistic view to employers on the importance of balancing work and family. FWAs are also shown to contribute to employee satisfaction and attract and retain highly-skilled workers.
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Ilhan, Fidanay Nilufer. "The Social Character Of The European Union: Flexible Work Arrangements." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605717/index.pdf.
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In this study, the way how the new challenges faced in the post-Fordist period affected labour work arrangements and European social policy making is analyzed. In this regard, the formation of flexible work arrangements and forms of flexibility are examined. The attempts of the European Union to produce effective strategies to connect economic developments to social progress are discussed.
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Fidanay, Nilüfer İlhan Supervisor :. Gitmez Ali. "The Social character of the European Union : flexible work arrangements." Ankara : METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605717/index.pdf.
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WEBSTER, SANDI. "FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS: TECHNOLOGY ENABLING EMERGING POPULATIONS OF MILLENNIALS AND BABY BOOMERS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/496619.
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Business Administration/Human Resource ManagementD.B.A.
The official standard of a 40-hour work week has not changed for decades in the United States. A flexible work arrangement (a.k.a. telework, flexible schedule or telecommuting) is an alternative to the traditional 9am to 5pm, 40+hours work week in office. In truth, the working environment has changed as employees are expected to work more than 40 hours per week and must be accessible around the clock on weekends and after the end of the workday. Millennials and Baby Boomers (called the emerging populations) are pushing the agenda on flexible work arrangements and getting more flexible schedules. Technology makes this all possible. Millennials are described as the always-connected-to-the-internet generation (Choney, 2012), while any new technological process requires significant instruction and training, and presents a challenge for older workers (Charness, 2006). This grounded theory research (Glaser and Strauss, 1999) informs and updates academics, practitioners, companies, and employees on how technology is enabling flexible working arrangements (referred to as FWA) for the emerging populations. The paper draws on both unstructured interviews and a survey with key informants across age ranges who are business owners, corporate workers, and employees. It explores the tools that are critical to connecting to the office, the advantages and disadvantages of working outside the office, and gives guidelines for employers and workers to utilize when creating a best-in-class flexible environment. Keywords: flexible work arrangement, flexible schedule, millennials, baby boomers, telecommuting, work-life conflict, technology, best practices, emerging populations
Temple University--Theses
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Webster, Sandi. "Flexible Work Arrangements| Technology Enabling Emerging Populations of Millennials and Baby Boomers." Thesis, Temple University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10808781.
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The official standard of a 40-hour work week has not changed for decades in the United States. A flexible work arrangement (a.k.a. telework, flexible schedule or telecommuting) is an alternative to the traditional 9am to 5pm, 40+hours work week in office. In truth, the working environment has changed as employees are expected to work more than 40 hours per week and must be accessible around the clock on weekends and after the end of the workday.
Millennials and Baby Boomers (called the emerging populations) are pushing the agenda on flexible work arrangements and getting more flexible schedules. Technology makes this all possible. Millennials are described as the always-connected-to-the-internet generation (Choney, 2012), while any new technological process requires significant instruction and training, and presents a challenge for older workers (Charness, 2006).
This grounded theory research (Glaser and Strauss, 1999) informs and updates academics, practitioners, companies, and employees on how technology is enabling flexible working arrangements (referred to as FWA) for the emerging populations. The paper draws on both unstructured interviews and a survey with key informants across age ranges who are business owners, corporate workers, and employees. It explores the tools that are critical to connecting to the office, the advantages and disadvantages of working outside the office, and gives guidelines for employers and workers to utilize when creating a best-in-class flexible environment.
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Williams, Penelope. "Take it from the top: Shaping supervisor support for flexible work arrangements." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107907/4/2019-06-05_Penelope_Williams_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis by published papers presents a case study into the organisational dynamics that shape supervisor support for flexible work arrangements. The research findings show that supervisor support is influenced by organisation-wide signals of support, the views and behaviours of senior managers, and the structural supports provided by the HR function. The research deepens knowledge of HR systems and organisation support, and has important implications for how organisations implement flexible work arrangements.
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Fisher, Lisa M. "Flexible Work Arrangements in Context: How Identity, Place and Process Shape Approaches to Flexibility." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1275070770.
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Bessa, Ioulia. "Flexible work arrangements in Greece : theoretical perspectives and evidence from employers and employees." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2948/.
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The thesis examines Flexible Work Arrangements (FWAs) in the Greek labour market and theoretical perspectives that may explain employers’ and employees’ perceptions of flexible working in Greece. Its objectives are: (1) to contribute to the sociology of work and labour economics literatures, by revisiting theoretical perspectives, applying them to the Greek labour context and adding empirical evidence on different FWAs; (2) to contribute to the literature on flexible working and new forms of management practices, by not only focusing on a context that has been neglected, but also by developing a two-level study of both employers’ and employees’ perspectives; (3) to assess potential implications of flexible working by focusing on the job quality of flexible workers and, in doing so, contribute to the growing literature on the impacts of new forms of work. In Chapter 3, the datasets are presented. First, the fourth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and the second European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) are described and employed to benchmark employee use of FWAs in Greece. Second, a survey conducted in Greece during the period 2010-2011 is described. The resulting Greek Dataset on Flexible Work (GDFW) covers 40 companies and 492 employees. The second part of the thesis reports three empirical studies. In Chapter 4, EWCS and EQLS show that the use of FWAs in Greece is significantly lower (compared to other EU countries) highlighting the question: why is the incidence of flexible working lower in Greece? Four FWAs forms are studied: part-time, temporary, telework and work from home as well as a hybrid category, “no contract”. The findings suggest that part-time, temporary and “no contract” employees characterise a secondary labour market, while telework and work from home, though rare are more noticeable than previously observed in the literature and demonstrate characteristics of a primary labour market. Overall, this first empirical study enabled a reassessment of the research questions, data needed and provided further insights into how chosen theoretical perspectives could be further explored to set hypotheses concerning employers’ as well as employees’ perspectives. The first study (Chapter 5) analyses the GDFW through institutional theory. Its purpose is twofold: first, to examine at an organisational level the environmental factors that may impact on employer offer of FWAs. Second, to explore characteristics, that are directly associated with employee use of / interest in FWAs. Additionally, the relationship between FWAs with Work-Life Balance (WLB) and life satisfaction is examined. Results show that pressures coming from competition, EU, legislation and labour market are significant predictors of employer offer. With regard to employees, the results suggest that the use of FWAs and employee interest in FWAs are associated with: their role in the organisation, tenure and family obligations. Implications of these findings for human resource management, industrial relations and the spread of flexible working in Greece as well as future research are discussed. The second study investigates FWAs quality in Greece through dual labour market theory (Chapter 6). Hypotheses are set and tested using the GDFW. Perceptions of employees and employers on FWAs show that these are associated with low job quality. Flexible workers are mostly females, younger employees and those with lower educational background, suggesting a segmented workforce and a distinction between full-time employees (“insiders”) and flexible workers (“outsiders”). These inequalities are likely to remain, thus showing that convergence in the labour market is a distant European goal. Chapter 7 summarises the research objectives of the thesis. It summarises the results obtained for the Greek case, and compares them to the European context. It further describes how findings may be generalised. Most importantly, it provides the practical implications of the thesis, acknowledges its limitations and addresses how what has been learnt by this research can foster future research.
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Sprinkle, Therese A. "Beyond a Need-Based Fairness Perspective: Coworkers’ Perceptions of Justice in Flexible Work Arrangements." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1336413179.
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Kirkizlar, Huseyin Eser. "Performance improvements through flexible workforce." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26668.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Co-Chair: Hayriye Ayhan; Committee Co-Chair: Sigrun Andradottir; Committee Member: David M. Goldsman; Committee Member: Douglas G. Down; Committee Member: Robert D. Foley. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Jacobs, Albertus Abraham. "Childfree employees: The effects of flexible work arrangements and childfree-friendly culture on organisational commitment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25015.
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Organisations are increasingly introducing flexible workplace practices and policies such as flextime and flexplace to increase the commitment of their employees and assist them to balance the competing work-life demands. At first, they were designed to create a family-friendly workplace for working mothers and, later, also for working fathers. Childfree employees (i.e., those with no children) were not included. There is little research on the impact of these work arrangements on the organisational commitment of these childfree employees. This dissertation tries to close that gap. Childfree employees (N = 134) working in over a dozen South African organisations participated in a self-report quantitative survey. It seems that the availability and use of flexible work arrangements did not significantly predict their organisational commitment. Organisational commitment related to only one dimension of the childfree-friendly culture scale, equal work expectations. Perceived organisational support (POS) mediated the relationship between organisational commitment and equal work expectations.
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Thorgeirsdottir, Thora. ""Now you see them, now you don't" Impact of flexible work arrangements on intra-workgroup relations." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12489.
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Interest in flexible work arrangements has proliferated in the last years, fuelled by technological advancements that allow people to work from anywhere at any time. This systematic literature review explores the impact of flexibility in time and place of work on intra-group relations and subsequent effects on group-level outcomes. Findings suggest that flexibility in place of work has positive effects on employee-supervisor relationships but negative effects on co-worker relationships. Although teleworkers remain well connected to their co-workers and overall workgroup communication does not appear to change, informal socialisation processes are affected. Knowledge sharing and creation is subsequently challenged. Furthermore, managers of mixed workgroups face issues of fairness and justice as well as challenges of creating and maintaining group cohesion when some of their employees are not always present. However, little is known of how flexibility in time of work impacts intra-group relations and group outcomes from groups containing flexible workers have not been explored. This paper therefore identifies significant gaps in the literature and presents opportunities for further research.
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Moalusi, Odirile. "The perceived organizational support and employee engagement in the context of flexible working arrangements." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81689.
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The work environment has vastly become more demanding and organizational practises have required have needed to be cognisant of methods to keep employees engaged. The topic of flexible working arrangements (FWA) has grown in popularity by research scholars and business practitioners. Considerable research has been conducted on the various dynamics of FWA and the influence of employee engagement. This research however aims to explore emerging themes in perceived organizational support (POS) and employee engagement in the context of flexible work arrangements, to gain in-depth understanding of the relationship between POS and employee engagement, in addition to what has been contributed to literature.
The research study was conducted through qualitative methodology of exploratory obtained by the researcher. 14 semi-structured interviews were largely conducted through virtual communication platform, Zoom; and where possible interviews were conducted face-to-face, through open-ended questions. Respondents consisted of 7 Managers and 7 Employees from different organisations across three different industries. The analysis of the interviews was conducted through the six-stage thematic analysis. The research found four emerging themes FWA associated with flexible working schedules, enabling infrastructure, work life balance and adapting to a new way of working. The research also found a positive relationship between employee engagement and POS through common themes such as trust between managers and employees, decision making and dedication to work tasks. The perspectives and views from the participants were commonly affected by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and therefore the researcher made every attempt to gain perspectives prior the pandemic and during the pandemic from the participants. The research was limited to medium to large sized organisations operating in South Africa.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Borowski, Shelby Catherine. "A Daily Diary Investigation of the Impact of Flexible Work Arrangements on Physical Activity Among University Staff." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100953.
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The goal of this investigation was to examine personal and environmental factors that may influence levels of daily physical activity in a sample of university staff employees who use flexible work arrangements (flextime or telework). Our first aim was to investigate the link between self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and flexible work arrangements on daily physical activity. Our second aim was to investigate the link between work stress, job burnout, work-to-family conflict and flexible work arrangements on physical activity. Lastly, we investigated if the use of flexible work arrangements buffered the relationship between barriers, as well as job burnout, on physical activity. University staff employees who worked full-time, currently used a flexible work arrangement, lived with at least one family member were eligible to participate. Using a daily diary design, data were collected from 61 university staff employees. Participants completed an initial survey followed by daily diaries over the course of one workweek, resulting in 281 diary days. Data were analyzed with multilevel negative binomial models. Daily barriers and use of flextime were associated with lower physical activity. Self-efficacy, telework, work stress, and work-to-family conflict were not significantly associated with daily physical activity. Flexible work arrangements did not moderate the association between barriers and physical activity. However, flextime moderated the association between job burnout and physical activity. Individuals with high job burnout engaged in more physical activity on flextime days compared to non-flexible workdays. Implications regarding physical activity, flexible work arrangements, and workplace wellness programs are discussed.Doctor of Philosophy
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Roux, Sylvia. "Customising work through social exchange: An examination of how manager responses to requests for flexible work impact on work-home interaction and work engagement." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107549/2/Sylvia_Roux_Thesis.pdf.
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Customised work arrangements (CWAs) include all formal and informal forms of flexibility at work. This thesis used the social exchange process to understand employee requests and manager responses to CWAs. The research surveyed employees' requests, responses to requests and impacts on work-home interaction and work engagement, and the moderating effects of the cultural environment on those outcomes. The limits of responses to CWA requests, impacts on individual and business-related outcomes and social exchange theory are discussed. This research offers insights into how CWAs impact employee experiences which have implications for organisations and government.
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Manne, Dina. "The relationship between the use of flexible workplace arrangements and satisfaction with work-family balance amongst working fathers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13796.
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This study examined the relationship between the use of flexible work arrangements and satisfaction with work-family balance amongst working fathers in South Africa. Two types of flexible work arrangements were examined. Formal flexible work arrangements included flextime, flexplace and paternity leave. Informal flexibility was examined as job control. Survey responses were collected online via Qualtrics (2014). Based on the data from a sample of working fathers employed on a full-time basis in South Africa (N = 371), hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the use of flexible work arrangements was not significantly related to satisfaction with work-family balance. This finding was inconsistent with conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) whereby it was expected that using flexible work arrangements would generate employee resources required to effectively manage multiple role responsibilities, therefore facilitating satisfaction with work-family balance. Interestingly however, job control was found to explain a significant proportion of variance in satisfaction with work-family balance over and above work hours, commute time, neuroticism and number of children living at home. Moderated multiple regression analysis indicated that commute time moderated the relationship between job control and satisfaction with work-family balance such that as job control increased, employees with high and low commute time experienced greater satisfaction with work-family balance. The results of this study encourage greater attention to employee characteristics, such as job control, that represent resources useful for the effective management of work and family roles. Suggestions for future research and management implications are discussed.
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Branteström, Victoria, and Therése Alm. "Ombudsmäns upplevelser av work-life balance : En kvalitativ studie om upplevelsen av work-life balance bland ombudsmän vid ett fackförbund beläget i Mellansverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbetshälsovetenskap och psykologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29613.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka upplevelsen av work-life balance bland ombudsmän vid ett fackförbund beläget i Mellansverige. Studien utgick från en kvalitativ metod genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med 10 respondenter. Resultatet analyserades genom en induktiv tematisk analys som genererade tre huvudteman; Personliga förutsättningar, Flexibla arbetsarrangemang och arbetsbelastning samt Rollen som ombudsman. Resultatet påvisade att majoriteten av respondenterna upplevde att de hade en god work-life balance. De menade att arbetslivet och privatlivet inte påverkar varandra i stor utsträckning, men uppgav att de vid ett antal tillfällen framförallt tvingats prioritera åtaganden i arbetslivet. Samtliga respondenter påtalade att deras upplevelse av balans periodvis kan förändras beroende på arbetsbelastning och personliga förutsättningar som familjesituation och erfarenhet av yrket. De menade även att de flexibla arbetsarrangemang och den kultur som präglar ombudsmannarollen har en inverkan på deras upplevelse av balans.The purpose of the study was to investigate the experience of work-life balance among ombudsmen within a trade union located in the midst of Sweden. The study was based on a qualitative method conducted through semi-structured interviews with 10 respondents. The results were analyzed by an inductive thematic analysis that generated three main themes; Personal circumstances, Flexible work arrangements and work load and The profession of ombudsmen. The result demonstrated that the majority of the respondents felt that they had a good experience of work-life balance. They argued that their working life and private life do not have a major impact on each other but stated that they on numerous occasions primarily had to prioritize commitments in their working life. The respondents expressed that their experience of work-life balance may periodically change due to workload and personal circumstances such as family situation and experience of the profession. They also argued that the flexible working arrangements along with the culture that characterize their profession have an impact on the experience of work-life balance.
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Hansson, Elin, and Emma Söderblom. "Flexibla arbetsformer : Framgångsfaktor eller riskfaktor?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43549.
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Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att öka förståelsen för hur organisationer kan arbeta med flexibla arbetsformer. Vi vill belysa vilka konsekvenser som kan uppstå med flexibla arbetsformer och hur de påverkar organisationer. Vi önskar även att fylla gapet vi uppmärksammat i forskningen kring flexibla arbetsformer ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv. Metod: Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie med en induktiv ansats som behandlar fenomenet flexibla arbetsformer ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv. Datainsamlingen för studien har skett genom sju kvalitativa intervjuer på Kalmar kommun. Slutsats: Slutsatsen av studien har visat att organisationer arbetar med flexibla arbetsformer utifrån olika förutsättningar delvis i form av; tekniska förutsättningar, ständig förändring av arbetsmarknaden, konkurrens samt de anställdas förutsättningar. Genomförandet av studien har det även bidragit till att vi har kunnat identifiera både positiva och negativa konsekvenser som kan uppstå för organisationer som använder sig av flexibla arbetsformer. En positiv konsekvens som vi har kommit fram till är att organisationen blir en attraktiv arbetsgivare. En negativ konsekvens är att anställda kan ha en svårighet att balansera privatliv och arbetsliv, vilket i sin tur påverkar organisationen i form av sjukfrånvaro och produktionsbortfall.
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McDonald, Paula K. "Mapping patterns and perceptions of maternal labour force participation : influences, trade-offs and policy implications." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15821/1/Paula_McDonald_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigated patterns in, and perceptions of, labour force participation (LFP) amongst a group of mothers with dependent children. A mixed-methods (i.e. questionnaires, interviews and documentary evidence), single case study approach involving a series of three studies, was utilised, involving employees and ex-employees from the Queensland University of Technology. Using questionnaire data (N = 283), Study One explored the predictive value of seven structural (age of youngest child, education, childcare costs, wages, partner's income, number of children and social security payments) and four attitudinal (attitudes towards working mothers, sex-role attitudes, attitudes towards exclusive maternal care and career salience) factors, in a hierarchical logistic regression model using full-time / part-time work status as the dependent variable. Associations between these factors and hours worked, were also tested for a sub-sample of women with under school aged children (N = 112). Results showed that the factors leading to greater LFP for both samples were having older children, less access to social security payments and more liberal attitudes towards working mothers. Lower levels of partner's income also predicted full-time status for the larger sample and more liberal attitudes towards exclusive maternal care was associated with hours worked for women with under school aged children. Study Two explored the way in which women with under school aged children describe the influences, benefits and trade-offs associated with their LFP decisions. Analysis of data from interviews with a sub-sample of women from Study One, indicated four major categories of issues influenced LFP decisions and/or contributed to benefits or trade-offs following on from those decisions. These categories included financial issues, personal independence, work-related issues and value of maternal care. The salience of this issues varied across groups of at-home, part-time and full-time working mothers. The most important consideration for at-home women was the emphasis on caring for their children themselves, as opposed to using familial or formal childcare. Part-time women appeared to be the most satisfied with their work and parenting arrangements, because they could fulfil their roles as wives and mothers, but also benefit from spending autonomy and competence, by engaging in paid work. Full-time women reported greater opportunities in the workplace than part-time women, although they experienced substantial ambivalence about their full-time status. This conflict was ameliorated by the availability of flexible work and when partner's had reduced working hours. Based on the salience of work-related factors reported in Study Two, Study Three explored the degree of consistency between the espoused values evident in organisational work-family policy documentation and women's reported experiences of these policies (N = 24). For example, options such as flexible work arrangements and part-time work appear to promote values related to balance and integration of the work and family spheres. However, interview data suggests women's experiences of part-time work were inconsistent with assumptions about job commitment and career progression. The research extends the current understanding of the range of variables that influence maternal LFP and the processes by which LFP decisions are made. The findings are interpreted in light of a number of existing theoretical perspectives, as well as suggesting a preliminary model of decision-making that could be tested in other groups of women in future studies. The current research may also inform public policy on issues such as childcare and social security allowances and organisational human resource policy in terms of the implementation of work-family options.
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McDonald, Paula K. "Mapping Patterns and Perceptions of Maternal Labour Force Participation: Influences, Trade-offs and Policy Implications." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15821/.
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This thesis investigated patterns in, and perceptions of, labour force participation (LFP) amongst a group of mothers with dependent children. A mixed-methods (i.e. questionnaires, interviews and documentary evidence), single case study approach involving a series of three studies, was utilised, involving employees and ex-employees from the Queensland University of Technology. Using questionnaire data (N = 283), Study One explored the predictive value of seven structural (age of youngest child, education, childcare costs, wages, partner's income, number of children and social security payments) and four attitudinal (attitudes towards working mothers, sex-role attitudes, attitudes towards exclusive maternal care and career salience) factors, in a hierarchical logistic regression model using full-time / part-time work status as the dependent variable. Associations between these factors and hours worked, were also tested for a sub-sample of women with under school aged children (N = 112). Results showed that the factors leading to greater LFP for both samples were having older children, less access to social security payments and more liberal attitudes towards working mothers. Lower levels of partner's income also predicted full-time status for the larger sample and more liberal attitudes towards exclusive maternal care was associated with hours worked for women with under school aged children. Study Two explored the way in which women with under school aged children describe the influences, benefits and trade-offs associated with their LFP decisions. Analysis of data from interviews with a sub-sample of women from Study One, indicated four major categories of issues influenced LFP decisions and/or contributed to benefits or trade-offs following on from those decisions. These categories included financial issues, personal independence, work-related issues and value of maternal care. The salience of this issues varied across groups of at-home, part-time and full-time working mothers. The most important consideration for at-home women was the emphasis on caring for their children themselves, as opposed to using familial or formal childcare. Part-time women appeared to be the most satisfied with their work and parenting arrangements, because they could fulfil their roles as wives and mothers, but also benefit from spending autonomy and competence, by engaging in paid work. Full-time women reported greater opportunities in the workplace than part-time women, although they experienced substantial ambivalence about their full-time status. This conflict was ameliorated by the availability of flexible work and when partner's had reduced working hours. Based on the salience of work-related factors reported in Study Two, Study Three explored the degree of consistency between the espoused values evident in organisational work-family policy documentation and women's reported experiences of these policies (N = 24). For example, options such as flexible work arrangements and part-time work appear to promote values related to balance and integration of the work and family spheres. However, interview data suggests women's experiences of part-time work were inconsistent with assumptions about job commitment and career progression. The research extends the current understanding of the range of variables that influence maternal LFP and the processes by which LFP decisions are made. The findings are interpreted in light of a number of existing theoretical perspectives, as well as suggesting a preliminary model of decision-making that could be tested in other groups of women in future studies. The current research may also inform public policy on issues such as childcare and social security allowances and organisational human resource policy in terms of the implementation of work-family options.
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Kvasničková, Katarína. "Work-Life Balance." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113290.
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The diploma work addresses the Work-Life Balance concept and identifies the various tools that can help to successfully balance work and personal life. Alternative work arrangements and the actual implementation in the Czech Republic and abroad are introduced. It focuses on the availability of child care facilities, maternity and parental leave and on the reintegration of parents into the work process. The analytical part examines the extent of the support offered by financial institutions for the harmonization of work and personal life. Programmes from selected institutions are presented as well as an analysis of employee job satisfaction in these companies conducted via a survey.
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Tučková, Marianna. "Work-Life Balance." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199284.
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The subject of this thesis is Work-Life Balance - the reconciliation of professional and personal lives. The primary objective of this work is to analyze employee satisfaction in achieving a balance between the professional and personal life and to develop recommendations for employer on that basis. The theoretical portion of this work defines the issues surrounding Work-Life Balance and tools that employees can use to harmonize the two with an analysis of applications in the Czech Republic and across the European Union. The practical portion of the study analyzes employee satisfaction in real-world cases. On the basis of both components, the study offers recommendations for policy improvements to foster better Work-Life Balance.
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Williams, Beulah Lavell. "Impact of Work-Related Electronic Communications Behavior Outside of Normal Working Hours." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6958.
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Employers' reliance on asynchronous electronic communications, connective technology devices, and remote work arrangements has led employees to feel preoccupied with staying connected after-hours to be responsive to work-related demands. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the lived experiences of professional workers who coped with constant pressure to monitor and immediately respond to work-related electronic communications during nonwork hours. The conceptual framework was supported by boundary and border theory and the constructs of work-life balance, flexible work arrangements, information and communication technology. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 16 professional workers near Washington, DC. Moustakas's modified van Kaam method was used to analyze, code, and organize data. Six themes emerged: mobilize or immobilize, manage expectations, safeguard personal time, work-life fusion, work engagement, and psychological outcomes. Findings revealed that professional workers felt a sense of urgency to reply to work-related e-mails and text messages outside of their regularly scheduled work hours and felt a sense of professional obligation to be available after-hours. Results may be used to shape and support positive social change through effective organizational change programs for technology-related work-life imbalances, thereby benefiting employers and employees.
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Okoli, Nwakego Joy. "The slow adoption of telecommuting in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2424.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University, 2016.Climate change imposes indisputable burdens on economic development by significantly causing damage to the environment. In the transportation sector, carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles are seen as top environmental pollutants around the world and in South Africa. Despite increasing environmental issues, many people, including business leaders, generally think of environmental issues as disconnected from their everyday business lives and behavioural patterns. The Republic of South Africa as a member of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) encourages any practices and processes that will control, reduce or prevent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. The adoption of telecommuting for travel reduction can impact positively on environmental sustainability by reducing the amount of commuter driving and thus reducing carbon emissions. Telecommuting is an arrangement where an employee works from home or out of office using telecommunication links (internet, email and/or telephone) to reduce commuting to and from the office, enhance productivity in the organisation, and reduce office space requirements. However, despite the well documented benefits of telecommuting, the uptake of telecommuting in South Africa is slow. This study falls under the Green Information Technology research field. The aim of the study is to identify the reasons behind the slow adoption of telecommuting in South African organisations. The study followed embedded multiple-case studies. Qualitative data were collected from nine companies using semi-structured interviews with 19 participants comprising of Information Technology (IT) and Human Resource (HR) managers, telecommuters and non-telecommuters. The companies were selected to be as diverse as possible in the operating sector and both purposive and snowball strategies were used.
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Harlin, Alice, and Samana Safari. "Anställdas reflektioner kring flexibelt arbete : En kvalitativ studie utifrån arbetsgivares och arbetstagares perspektiv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384868.
Full textAbstract:
Flexibla arbetssätt som i distansarbete, flexibla arbetstider och frihet över genomförande av arbetet är något som blivit vanligare på företag och därför är det intressant att undersöka närmare om fenomenet flexibelt arbete. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vad anställdas uppfattning är gällande motiven till att företag inför ett flexibelt arbetssätt och vad anställdas uppfattning är gällande hur produktiva de upplever sig vara i sitt arbete med ett flexibelt arbetssätt. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes baserad på 12 semistrukturerade intervjuer av chefer, HR-personal och övriga anställda på tre IT-intensiva företag i Sverige: Ericsson, Spotify och Hyper Island. Som komplement till intervjuerna gjordes en mindre observation av respektive arbetsplats. Studien visar att för merparten av de anställda upplevde införandet av flexibla arbetssätt som något positivt. Det möjliggjorde för dem att skapa en bättre balans mellan arbetets och privatlivets krav och villkor. Anställda ansåg att införandet av flexibla arbetssätt var motiverat både av personalhänsyn och verksamhetsintressen. Vi fann att informanterna upplevde att det flexibla arbetet bidrar till att öka deras produktivitet i arbetet på lång sikt men det ibland minskar anställdas produktivitet i arbetet på kort sikt. Utifrån informanternas upplevelser verkar det finnas ekonomiska bakomliggande motiv till införandet av det flexibla arbetssättet då det leder till minskade kostnader och ökad lönsamhet.It is more common that companies introduce flexible working arrangements such as teleworking, flexible times and freedom over how to plan and carry out duties and therefore it is interesting to examine this phenomenon more closely. The objectives of this study is to investigate employees view on what they think are the companies’ motives to having flexible working arrangements and how the employees experience the flexible working arrangements affects their productivity in their work. A qualitative investigation was conducted based on 12 semi-structured interviews of managers, HR employees and other employees at three IT-intensive companies in Sweden: Ericsson, Spotify and Hyper Island. An observation of each workplace was made to complete the interviews. The results show that for most of the employees, the introduction of flexible working arrangements was experienced as something positive, which enabled them to create a better work-life balance. Employees felt that the introduction of flexible working arrangements was justified by both employee considerations and business interests. We found that the employees experienced that the flexible working arrangements generally increased their productivity in their work in the long term, but sometimes made them less productive in the short therm. Regarding the employees` experience there seems to be economic underlying reasons for companies to introduce flexible working arrangements as it reduces costs and leads to increased profitability.
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Lu, Yu-Ying. "The impact of work-family conflict on working women in Taiwan : the effects of organizational support." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16536/1/Yu-Ying_Lu_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to examine the impact of organizational support on work-family conflict experienced by Taiwanese working women. A stress model of work and family interference was applied in the Taiwanese context; the current study examined whether the results of western studies of work-family conflict can be generalised to the Taiwanese population. The enactment of the Gender Equality of Employment Law in Taiwan in 2002 was a further impetus for the research. The study examined the effects of organizational family-friendly policies and cultural support of family responsibilities on work-family conflict and well-being.
Women (aged between 15 and 64 years) in paid employment working in three public universities in northern Taiwan formed the sample population for this research. Stratified random sampling by occupation was used to enhance representativeness. The total sample consisted of 441 participants, made up of 288 general staff and 153 academic staff. The data was collected with several tested and widely used instruments (including the Family-Friendly Policies Usage and Satisfaction Questionnaires, Work-Family Culture Questionnaire, Work-Family Conflict Scale, Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, Family Satisfaction Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, and Physical Symptoms Inventory). Descriptive analysis was used to examine demographic variables and all the measures; correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between selected research variables; T-test, chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to characterize the differences between groups.
Hierarchical multiple regression was performed to test the research hypotheses.
The findings showed that work-family conflict was strongly linked with lower job and family satisfaction, greater stress and more severe physical ailments. Implementing family-friendly policies and creating a supportive work environment can help working women to manage their work-family conflict and improve their health outcomes. A supportive organizational culture has been confirmed by this research as important in preventing the negative consequences of work-family conflict. However, such conflict did not predict the levels of physical symptoms. Employer-supported dependant care policies were not associated with the level of work-family conflict. In addition, organizational cultural support did not predict the usage of family-friendly policies. This study has provided evidence that some relationships could be generalised, across western and Chinese societies, between organizational support and work-family conflict, and between work-family conflict and an individual's well-being, although specificities within each cultural remain and require different methods of assessment.
In conclusion, a western theoretical model of work-family conflict was found to be acceptable and feasible to implement within the Taiwanese population, since the majority of the hypotheses were supported. This research provided valuable information for healthcare professionals, policy makers and organizations, presenting ways to help working women to manage the conflicting demands of work and family roles better.
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Lu, Yu-Ying. "The impact of work-family conflict on working women in Taiwan : the effects of organizational support." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16536/.
Full textAbstract:
A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to examine the impact of organizational support on work-family conflict experienced by Taiwanese working women. A stress model of work and family interference was applied in the Taiwanese context; the current study examined whether the results of western studies of work-family conflict can be generalised to the Taiwanese population. The enactment of the Gender Equality of Employment Law in Taiwan in 2002 was a further impetus for the research. The study examined the effects of organizational family-friendly policies and cultural support of family responsibilities on work-family conflict and well-being. Women (aged between 15 and 64 years) in paid employment working in three public universities in northern Taiwan formed the sample population for this research. Stratified random sampling by occupation was used to enhance representativeness. The total sample consisted of 441 participants, made up of 288 general staff and 153 academic staff. The data was collected with several tested and widely used instruments (including the Family-Friendly Policies Usage and Satisfaction Questionnaires, Work-Family Culture Questionnaire, Work-Family Conflict Scale, Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, Family Satisfaction Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, and Physical Symptoms Inventory). Descriptive analysis was used to examine demographic variables and all the measures; correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between selected research variables; T-test, chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to characterize the differences between groups. Hierarchical multiple regression was performed to test the research hypotheses. The findings showed that work-family conflict was strongly linked with lower job and family satisfaction, greater stress and more severe physical ailments. Implementing family-friendly policies and creating a supportive work environment can help working women to manage their work-family conflict and improve their health outcomes. A supportive organizational culture has been confirmed by this research as important in preventing the negative consequences of work-family conflict. However, such conflict did not predict the levels of physical symptoms. Employer-supported dependant care policies were not associated with the level of work-family conflict. In addition, organizational cultural support did not predict the usage of family-friendly policies. This study has provided evidence that some relationships could be generalised, across western and Chinese societies, between organizational support and work-family conflict, and between work-family conflict and an individual's well-being, although specificities within each cultural remain and require different methods of assessment. In conclusion, a western theoretical model of work-family conflict was found to be acceptable and feasible to implement within the Taiwanese population, since the majority of the hypotheses were supported. This research provided valuable information for healthcare professionals, policy makers and organizations, presenting ways to help working women to manage the conflicting demands of work and family roles better.
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Yost, Elizabeth Allyne. "Where have all the women gone? exploring gender differences in STEM postdoctoral education /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/yost.pdf.
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Shockley, Kristen M. "Uncovering the Missing Link in Flexible Work Arrangement Utilization: An Individual Difference Perspective." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002138.
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Möricke, Linnéa, and Sandra Liljekvist. "Psykosocial arbetsmiljö : Upplevelser av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön beroende på anställningsform och kön." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60289.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka upplevelsen av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön beroende av anställningsform och kön. Datainsamlig genomfördes med ett nyutvecklat frågeformulär (EPA), som är baserat på de senaste föreskrifterna gällande organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö. EPA bestod av sju moduler; arbetsbelastning, arbetsorganisation, handlingsutrymme, kunskap och utveckling, ledarskap, stöd samt återhämtning. I studien deltog 80 personer, 40 personer hade reglerad arbetstid som jämfördes med 38 personer som hade oreglerad arbetstid, 35 var män och 45 var kvinnor. Resultatet visade att de med oreglerad arbetstid upplevde den psykosociala arbetsmiljön något bättre men det var inte statistiskt signifikant. Männen upplevde den psykosociala arbetsmiljön bättre än kvinnorna men det fanns ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad. För modul ledarskap fanns en statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan könen, där männen upplevde ledarskapet bättre. Vidare förelåg inga skillnader i arbetsmiljön beroende på anställningsform eller kön.The aim with the present study was to study the psychosocial work environment depending on employment and sex with a newly developed questionnaire (EPA), which was based on the latest regulations regarding organizational and social work environment. The questionnaire consisted of seven modules; workload, work organization, margin of action, leadership, support, knowledge and development and recuperation. In this study 80 persons participated, 40 of them had regulated working hours and 38 had unregulated working hours, 35 were men and 45 were women. The results of the study showed that persons with unregulated working hours experienced the work environment slightly better, but the result was not statistic significant. Men experienced the work environment better then women, but the result was not statistic significant. There was a statistic significant difference though, in module leadership, showing that men had a better experience of leadership. Further, the result showed that there was no diffrences in the workenvironment depending on employment and sex.
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Pintassilgo, Ana Catarina De Almeida. "Sectoral specificities of flexible working arrangements." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/121901.
Full textAbstract:
We study gender heterogeneity in use and access to flexible working hours in the Portuguese labour market, using a fixed effects approach. We combine linked employee-employer data, the labour force survey, and our own collect and coded litigation database, covering the periods from 2013 to 2019. We show that female workers have considerably lower use and access to flexitime, even in establishments able to provide it and in female dominated sectors. Our preferred estimate suggests that being a woman reduces the probability of having a flexible schedule by 7.3%. For female dominated sectors - education, and health and social care- the magnitude is even larger: 15.2% and 16.5%. Additionally, we provide evidence on therole of collective bargaining power in fostering female access to flexitime.
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Thompson, Rebecca. "Title Flexible Work Arrangements: Attraction to Flextime, Flexplace, or Both?" Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10601.
Full textAbstract:
Flexible work arrangements (FWAs) are widely implemented in organizations today. Yet very little information exists about why individuals are attracted to organizations that offer FWAs. The purpose of the current study was to tease apart the influence of the dimensions of FWAs: flextime and flexplace (both structural and perceived), as well as the combination of the two on organizational attraction and anticipated organizational support. Individual difference variables that have the potential to impact individuals’ attraction to organizations that offer FWAs were also examined as moderating variables. The mediating effect of anticipated organizational support was also examined. Upper level undergraduate students (N = 190) participated in a 3x3 within-subjects experiment in which they rated nine hypothetical organizations that varied in flextime and flexplace. Results from multilevel analysis indicated that significant variance in organizational attraction as well as anticipated organizational support is attributable to the type of work arrangement offered (both flexibility in time and place), with flextime having a stronger effect than flexplace. Contrary to expectation, effects were independent; there was not a significant interaction between flextime and flexplace. The relationship between (both structural and perceived) flexplace and organizational attraction was stronger for individuals who prefer to integrate their work and nonwork roles. Additionally, the relationship between (both structural and perceived) flextime and organizational attraction was stronger for individuals who reported a stronger need for medical treatment. Finally, the relationship between perceived flextime and organizational attraction as well as the relationship between perceived flexplace and organizational attraction were stronger for those who reported more role demands. Contrary to expectation, sociability did not moderate the flexplace-organizational attraction/anticipated organizational support relationships. Limitations and future directions for research on FWAs are discussed.
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Ewald, Alina. "Fathers’ constructions, experiences and negotiations of flexible working arrangements." Thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:68129.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past few decades, expectations for fathers have shifted away from the traditional breadwinning model of fathering towards a model where men are actively engaged and involved in providing care for their child(ren). Alongside this shift, the benefits of involved fathering for men and their families have been well documented. Flexible working has been identified as a means for men to increase their involvement with their child(ren), however, there has been a paucity of Australian fathers adopting flexibility for the purposes of care. In this research, I explored how fathers working in the finance sector in Australia discursively constructed and positioned their role as a father and as a worker, and the role of flexible working in facilitating involved fathering. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 43 working fathers from diverse occupational roles, with the data analysed using Foucauldian Discourse Analysis. The findings suggest that fathers face significant symbolic and structural barriers to adopting flexibility, and that these barriers are contingent upon, and are shaped by, their organisational environment, occupational status, and by normative discourses surrounding masculinity and fathering. A commonality for fathers across all occupational status levels was the invisibility of fatherhood within the finance sector, and the stigma associated with modifying work arrangements to care for their family. I explore and discuss my findings through a critical psychology and post-structural lens, and using theory and concepts associated with gender, power, and identity from across disciplines. The findings of the thesis highlight the need to: address restrictive organisational cultures; promote men’s adoption of FWAs for childcare; raise awareness of the role of occupational status in men’s experiences of FWAs; reform organisational and public policy to better engage and include men; and to enable fathers to share with and learn from other men in relation to adopting flexibility for caring purposes.
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Brady, John F. 1986. "Using telework and flexible work arrangements as a congestion mitigation strategy." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3428.
Full textAbstract:
Congestion is one of the most pressing urban issues Texans face today — it imposes steep social and economic costs on citizens and businesses and shows no sign of subsiding without substantial intervention. This thesis will argue that in the current environment of austerity and sharp political tension, it is of critical importance to implement low cost, politically amicable strategies to manage congestion. Flexible work arrangements like telework and flextime have been developed in the private sector as a cost-saving measure and as a reward for exceptional employees. When workers adopt a non-traditional schedule, the transportation network benefits as vehicles are removed or shifted from the peak period. Despite being widely available, non-traditional work arrangements are little used by employers and employees since both parties are uncertain if the new arrangement will benefit their career path and job security. Recently, public agencies and executives have launched programs and passed mandates that force or greatly incentivize employers to adopt flexible work arrangements. The case studies examined in this thesis show that modern programs can provide cheap, temporary congestion relief for urban areas while substantially benefitting the businesses and agencies who adopt them.text
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Hu, Yan-Kuan, and 胡衍寬. "The Impact of Flexible Work Arrangements on Work-Family Conflict—Family Responsibility as a Moderator." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sjsh85.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
102
The increase of female employment has becoming a global trend. The relationship between family and work has undergone a substantial change as the female employment increases. With the reconstruction of the traditional family structure, men and women have to assume the work that used to be done by their partners. They are getting accustomed to bring unfinished business to their home, which obscures the boundary between family and work, leading to increasing numbers of work-family conflicts. Flexible work arrangements (FWAs) are generally considered as the strategy to reduce the probability of WFCs. However, FWAs only have marginal influence on reducing WFCs. In this work, I hypothesize that FWAs and WFCs have a negative correlation and family responsibility weakens the relationship between FWAs and WFCs. But it is found that the two hypotheses are not valid in In an attempt to explain this observation, the author attributes the interference of family responsibilities to the underperformance of FWAs. Key words: work-family conflic, family responsibility, flexible work arrangements
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Freches, Maria Helena Ferreira. "Flexible work arrangements in small and medium enterprises: incidence, motivations, advantages and disadvantages." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/16099.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose - Examine SMEs' motivations for using flexible work arrangements (FWA).
Analyse the incidence of different types of FWA and explore employers’ perceptions of the
advantages and disadvantages of those arrangements.
Methodology - Exploratory study based on semi-structured interviews to SMEs’ managers
operating in Portugal.
Findings - The evidence suggests that the determined duration contract is the most frequent
FWA used by SMEs. The findings indicate that the motivations for the use of FWA can be
aggregated in voluntary, pull and push factors. The most mentioned factors were voluntary.
Furthermore, the advantage and disadvantage most mentioned were, respectively, cost
reduction and the decrease of productivity amongst flexible employees.Objetivo - Examinar as motivações do uso de diferentes contratos flexíveis (CF) nas pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs). Analisar a sua incidência e explorar as perceções dos empregadores sobre as suas vantagens e desvantagens. Metodologia - Estudo exploratório baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas a gestores de PMEs em Portugal. Resultados - Os contratos a termo certo são os CF mais usados. Existem três tipos de fatores que contribuem para o seu uso: voluntários, de atração, e de pressão, sendo os voluntários os mais mencionados. A vantagem e desvantagem mais mencionadas foram, respetivamente, a redução de custos e a diminuição da produtividade dos trabalhadores.
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Gilmer, Lauren O. "Workplace chronotype bias, flexible scheduling, and performance beliefs." Thesis, 2006. https://doi.org/10.7912/C2936J.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Workers who request a flexible schedule to accommodate their biologically-determined sleep-wake cycle (chronotype) may face prejudice if supervisors perceive them, particularly “night owls”, as lazy or unconscientious. Such bias may be exacerbated in organizational cultures characterized by stability and control. Thus, chronotype bias was examined in a 2 (rigid vs. flexible organizational norms) X 3 (morningness chronotype, eveningness chronotype, educational pursuit/control as reason for a flexible schedule request) online scenario study. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (N=398) and were instructed to act as managers to decide whether to approve a fictitious employee’s request for a flexible schedule. Organizational culture and reason for schedule request were orthogonally manipulated in the scenarios. Ps completed measures of schedule approval (including an open-ended justification item), beliefs about the employee’s performance (job-specific task performance, contextual performance, personal discipline, and conscientiousness), and manipulation checks, as well as measures of their own chronotype. Ps were less likely to approve a flexible schedule request for employees with chronotype-based requests (both morningness and eveningness) compared to control (educational pursuit/control request). Task performance beliefs mediated the effect. Organizational norms had both a direct and moderating effect on schedule approval, such that approval was higher and chronotype bias was weakened in the flexible norm condition compared to the rigid norm condition. Ps’ own chronotype had no direct or moderating effect on schedule approval. Qualitative content analysis of Ps’ justification for the schedule approval decision revealed that Ps justified their decision on the impact of schedule approval on the organization.
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Gilmer, Declan O. "Workplace chronotype bias, flexible scheduling, and performance beliefs." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7912/C2936J.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Workers who request a flexible schedule to accommodate their biologically-determined sleep-wake cycle (chronotype) may face prejudice if supervisors perceive them, particularly “night owls”, as lazy or unconscientious. Such bias may be exacerbated in organizational cultures characterized by stability and control. Thus, chronotype bias was examined in a 2 (rigid vs. flexible organizational norms) X 3 (morningness chronotype, eveningness chronotype, educational pursuit/control as reason for a flexible schedule request) online scenario study. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (N=398) and were instructed to act as managers to decide whether to approve a fictitious employee’s request for a flexible schedule. Organizational culture and reason for schedule request were orthogonally manipulated in the scenarios. Ps completed measures of schedule approval (including an open-ended justification item), beliefs about the employee’s performance (job-specific task performance, contextual performance, personal discipline, and conscientiousness), and manipulation checks, as well as measures of their own chronotype. Ps were less likely to approve a flexible schedule request for employees with chronotype-based requests (both morningness and eveningness) compared to control (educational pursuit/control request). Task performance beliefs mediated the effect. Organizational norms had both a direct and moderating effect on schedule approval, such that approval was higher and chronotype bias was weakened in the flexible norm condition compared to the rigid norm condition. Ps’ own chronotype had no direct or moderating effect on schedule approval. Qualitative content analysis of Ps’ justification for the schedule approval decision revealed that Ps justified their decision on the impact of schedule approval on the organization.
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Loskorn, Jeffrey Aaron. "Framework for compressed workweek implementation for TxDOT maintenance forces and flexible work arrangements for employees." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4604.
Full textAbstract:
With the increasing need for highway maintenance and the decreasingly available funds, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Austin District has sought to better utilize maintenance section employee resources by implementing a compressed workweek. The primary goal of this thesis is to establish a framework and methodology to study the effects of a compressed workweek on maintenance crews in both rural and urban environments. Secondly, this thesis will provide a background of best practices of popular flexible work arrangements, including compressed workweeks, telework, and flextime. The compressed workweek is a type of flexible work arrangement that allows employees to work longer days during a part of the week in exchange for a partial or full day off later in the week. Compressed workweeks can offer numerous benefits to maintenance crews, including increased production, less set up and shut down time per week, decreased operating costs, reduced overhead, and increased employee morale. TxDOT will implement a six-month pilot project in two rural maintenance sections and one urban section. Compressed workweeks have proven to be successful in other districts with rural maintenance sections, but application of a compressed workweek in an urban maintenance section has yet to be studied. Therefore, maintenance crew activity data from previous years will be compared to data collected during the trial period to understand changes in productivity and to estimate vehicle operating costs. Lastly, surveys of maintenance employees will be conducted throughout the study to solve any personal issues that arise as well as determine employee satisfaction with the new schedule.text
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Borgkvist, Ashlee Rae. "All in a day’s work: A qualitative analysis of fathers’ uptake of flexible working arrangements, workplace culture, and masculine identity." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123512.
Full textAbstract:
Australian men’s use of flexible working arrangements, including parental leave, is low when compared with women in Australia and also when compared with men in other countries. This impedes their ability to be involved in parenting activities. This thesis will explore why Australian men’s use of flexible working arrangements remains low. Workplace flexibility has been an important way to balance work and life. Access to and organisational support for use of flexibility has been suggested to affect employee health and well-being, reduce employee turnover, and affect organisational commitment (Dorio, Bryant, & Allen, 2008; Pocock, 2005a; Williams, 2000). A wealth of literature suggests that organisational factors are influential in men’s decision making in relation to the use or non-use of flexible working arrangements. This includes managerial support for use of flexibility, perceptions of entitlement to flexibility, and factors such as organisational culture, which sets out norms and organisational expectations for good organisational citizens (Wayne & Cordeiro, 2003). Included in these expectations is the ideal worker norm. Further, gendered expectations regarding who should work and who should provide care within families persist (Deutsch, 2007). Particularly in Australia, masculine identity aa well as fathering identity is tied up in being a financial provider, and these gendered expectations, (re)produced socially and culturally, affect the roles men see as appropriate for them to inhabit (Baxter & Hewitt, 2013). A social constructionist perspective was employed in this research. This framework suggests that meaning is created subjectively, and is (re)produced through social practices, action and interaction with others (Crotty, 1998). Within this framework, the present research was guided by several theoretical perspectives related to gender and organisations: gendered organisational theory, the ideal worker norm, masculinity theory, and feminist theory. These theories complement each other and take a critical approach to the taken-for-granted, which is pertinent when attempting to investigate, challenge, and deconstruct gender and the structures which (re)produce and maintain it. Semi-structured interviews with fathers and with workplace managers were utilised to collect data. Both thematic analysis and discourse analysis were applied when interpreting and analysing the data. Findings of this research point to the persistence of gendered norms and expectations in relation to parenting and work, and that these continue to have an impact upon men’s decision making in the organisational context. The persistence of the ideal worker norm and male breadwinner expectations, for example, remain influential in men’s decision making in regard to work and parenting roles, the parenting practices they choose to be involved in, and how they construct fathering. However, the findings also suggest that challenges to and evolution of masculinity are occurring. Specifically, men are beginning to challenge aspects of masculinity which contribute to restrictions in their parenting choices. The implications of these challenges are explored. Finally, this research suggests the need to address structural restrictions and to put more supports in place to enable fathers to engage more fully in parenting. In particular, it is suggested that organisational and family policies need to provide more support for men to be involved in caregiving and unpaid labour.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, 2020
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Dias, Carolina Cravo. "Hidden costs of flexible work: Employers’ perception." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22181.
Full textAbstract:
In a context where labor flexibility is increasingly a choice for companies to reduce
organizational costs and increase their competitiveness in the labor market, it is pertinent to
study the nature of the motivations behind the use of FWA, as well as the advantages and
disadvantages associated with these types of contract. This research, of a qualitative and
exploratory nature, explores these dimensions by placing the employer at the center of the
analysis, a poorly researched perspective. HR managers of companies in Portugal were
interviewed (n=8).
The empirical information, gathered from semi-directive interviews, suggested that the
stable employment contract remains the most recurrent option, at about 77.5%. Flexible hiring,
on the other hand, responds to the very particular needs of the company, namely changes in
demand. Besides, the conversion of flexible contracts into stable ones appears, in some cases,
as a reward for the good performance of the employees.
Companies recognize the advantages of flexible contracts as well as some negative
consequences. Although the recognition of hidden costs has not been explicit, there are
indications of concerns such as workers' motivation.
The results obtained may be useful for companies to consider their options as to the
type of employment relationship they intend to implement, as well as to elucidate policymakers
as to the factors that may influence companies' decisions. However, they should be analyzed
with caution. The sample is small and includes only companies that have shown themselves to
be available. Nevertheless, it opens space for future more extensive research.Num contexto em que a flexibilidade laboral constitui, cada vez mais, uma escolha das empresas no sentido de diminuir os custos organizacionais e aumentar a sua competitividade no mercado de trabalho, revela-se pertinente estudar a natureza das motivações por detrás da utilização de contratos de trabalho flexíveis, bem como as vantagens e desvantagens associadas a estes tipos de contrato. Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, explora essas dimensões colocando o empregador no centro da análise, perspetiva escassamente investigada. Foram entrevistados gestores de RH de empresas em Portugal (n=8). A informação empírica, recolhida a partir de entrevistas semi-diretivas, sugeriu que o contrato de trabalho estável continua a ser a opção mais recorrente, em cerca de 77.5%. Já a contratação flexível responde a necessidades muito particulares da empresa, designadamente alterações na procura. Acresce que a transformação de contratos flexíveis para estáveis surge, em alguns casos, como recompensa do bom desempenho dos colaboradores. As empresas reconhecem vantagens dos contratos flexíveis, bem como algumas consequências negativas. Embora o reconhecimento de custos ocultos não tenha sido explícito, há indicações de preocupações como quanto à motivação dos trabalhadores. Os resultados obtidos podem ser úteis para as empresas equacionarem as suas opções quanto ao tipo de relação de emprego que pretendem implantar, bem como para elucidar os decisores políticos quanto aos fatores que podem influenciar as escolhas das empresas. Todavia, devem ser analisados com cautela. A amostra é pequena e inclui apenas empresas que se mostraram disponíveis. Apesar disso, abre espaço para futuras pesquisas mais abrangentes.
42
Van, Der Rijst Jan Hendrik. "A study of employees working from home at Business Connexion." 2015. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001828.
Full textAbstract:
M. Tech. Business AdministrationWorking from home is a worldwide trend and effect companies in various ways. With advancement of the information technology and Internet the virtual organizations have become a trend with more and more professionals working from home. Several studies have focused mostly in developed nations with little or no research found in the South African context. This study focused on South African circumstances and examined the cost saving implications for Business Connexion and their employees if they would be able and allowed to work from home. Further, relationships between operational and professional factors, with virtual work were studied.
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Borutová, Denisa. "Využívání alternativních pracovních úvazků." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357850.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with use of alternative work arrangements. It introduces the topic of job flexibility and alternative work arrangements. It focuses mainly on the use of four main alternative work arrangements as provided by the International Labour Organization, which are: temporary employment, part-time work, temporary agency work and self-employment. The text compares data regarding these four alternative work arrangements in the European Union. The thesis also includes a qualitative research carried out in big organizations in Prague that assesses what forms of alternative work arrangements do they use, what are the reasons for opting for some of the alternative work arrangements in an organization and it identifies the most beneficial alternative work arrangements, applicant groups and job positions that the alternative work arrangements are used for the most. KEY WORDS labour market flexibility, non-standard employment, flexible working arrangements, temporary employment, part-time work, temporary agency work, self-employment