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Journal articles on the topic 'Flexo printing'
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1
Xiao, Zhi Jian. "Study on the Adjustment to the Pressure of Flexible Printing on the Board." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.143.
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During the flexo printing process of corrugated flexible resin version, precise pressure control is the key technical indicators of ink transfer, printing graphic reproduction as well as reducing the the loss of physical properties of corrugated board. The gaps △L between the printing roller and the impression cylinder were adjusted by the worm in this paper, different printing pressures are produced in the printing process, the impact of pressure change on flexo printing quality was described quantitatively. The results showed that: 7.5mm thick corrugated board used AB-type hardness of 36 Shore A, when a thickness of 3.94mm DuPont flexible resin was printed, the optimal pressure gap △L was 10.9mm, the flexible resin version of the real size was 3.73mm, and the thickness of corrugated board was 7.17mm, the board thickness was 7.30mm after decompression, the thickness of corrugated board after the printing was compressed by 2.7%. The result of this paper offers a certain theoretical reference and practical guidance to improve the quality of flexo and the production of high quality corrugated board.
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Gong, Ying, Bei Qing Huang, and Xian Fu Wei. "Research on Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Covering Ink and its Application in Scratch-Type Invoice Printing." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.508.
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With the development of printing technology, greater emphasis has been laid on environmentally friendly materials. Due to its printability and environmental friendliness, Water-based flexo ink is gradually gaining popularity at home and abroad, and has been widely applied in the field of printing. Different from other kinds of bills, scratch-type invoices have an additional scratch area on the surface, which highly covering performance is required for the ink applied. This paper emphatically analyzes and discusses: (a) flexo water-based covering ink and its application in scratch-type invoice covering region printing; (b) how to explore and evaluate new developed green inks. Compared with traditional inks, the water-based flexo ink is free of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), and its popularization might have significant meanings for the environment protection and sustainable development.
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Brumm, Pauline, Hans Sauer, and Edgar Dörsam. "Scaling Behavior of Pattern Formation in the Flexographic Ink Splitting Process." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids3010037.
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We considered pattern formation, i.e. viscous fingering, in the ink splitting process between an elastic flexographic printing plate and the substrate. We observed an unexpected scaling behavior of the emerging pattern length scale (i.e., finger width) as a function of printing velocity, fluid viscosity, surface tension, and plate elasticity coefficients. Scaling exponents depended on the ratio of the capillary number of the fluid flow, and the elastocapillary number defined by plate elasticity and surface tension. The exponents significantly differed from rigid printing plates, which depend on the capillary number only. A dynamic model is proposed to predict the scaling exponents. The results indicate that flexo printing corresponded to a self-regulating dynamical equilibrium of viscous, capillary, and elastic forces. We argue that these forces stabilize the process conditions in a flexo printing unit over a wide range of printing velocities, ink viscosities, and mechanical process settings.
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Aydemir, Cem, and Samed Ayhan Özsoy. "Environmental impact of printing inks and printing process." Journal of graphic engineering and design 11, no. 2 (December 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jged-2020-2-011.
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In the Printing Industry, printing inks, varnishes, lacquers, moistening solutions and washing solvents (ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, dimethyl ketone, glycols and glycol ethers) contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air pollutants (HAPs). Especially solvent based inks used for flexo, gravure and screen printing, offset printing dampening solutions and cleaning solvents contain high concentration of VOC. These organic compounds evaporate during the production process or contribute to the photochemical reaction. VOCs and HAPs, together with sunlight and nitrogen oxides, cause photochemical smoke, air particles and ground level ozone emission in the atmosphere. The VOCs and heavy metals can lead to soil and even water pollution when left in landfill. The amount of solvent retained by flexo, gravure and screen-printed products is 3-4% of total ink solvent used. The solvent in the printed ink content, except for the one held by the printed material evaporates in its own environment after the printing process. Most of these solvents and organic compounds used in printing environment contain at least one carbon and hydrogen atom and have negative effects on health and environment.In this study, the environmental impacts and risks of inks and solvents used in the printing industry have been evaluated. Measures to be taken to reduce and manage these environmental effects and risks have been addressed and recommendations have been made.
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Burri, Peter, Cathy Ridgway, and Joachim Schoelkopf. "Parameters Influencing Flexo Printing on White Top Liner Board." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 63, no. 10 (2009): 1180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.63.1180.
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Holmvall, M., and T. Uesaka. "Nip Mechanics of Flexo Post-printing on Corrugated Board." Journal of Composite Materials 41, no. 17 (September 2007): 2129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998307074135.
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Hassan, S., Mohd Sallehuddin Yusof, M. I. Maksud, M. N. Nodin, and Noor Azlina Rejab. "A Feasibility Study of Roll to Roll Printing on Graphene." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.402.
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Roll to roll process is one of the famous printing techniques that are possible to create graphic and electronic device on variable substrate by using conductive ink. Graphene is an example of material that can be used as printing ink which usually used in producing micro-scale electronic devices. Here, it is proposed that extending roll to roll printing technique into the multiple micro-scale printing fine solid line onto substrate by using graphene as a printing ink. Flexography is a high speed roll to roll printing technique commonly used in paper printing industry. And this study elaborates the feasibility of graphene as a printing ink use in combination of flexography and micro-contact or micro-flexo printing for micro fine solid line. This paper will illustrates the review of graphene in producing multiple micro-solid lines printing capability for the application of printing electronic, graphic and bio-medical.
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Gong, Yun, Ping Gu, Zhonghua Yu, and Quanhui Tian. "Study on the Reduction Treatment of ink Sludge in Flexo Printing." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 300 (August 9, 2019): 032028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/300/3/032028.
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Konyukhov, V. Yu, L. Yu Komarova, and I. G. Rekus. "The Changing of Deformation Properties of Flexo Plates in the Process of Swelling in Solvents." Materials Science Forum 1031 (May 2021): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1031.75.
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The article covers the research on the changing of flexo plates' deformation properties during swelling in various solvents that are used in the printing industry. The acquired data was processed with the equation from the Kelvin-Voigt model, the constant models and times of relaxation of the initial and swelled photopolymer have been determined.
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Gvoic, Vesna, Miljana Prica, Djurdja Kerkez, Milena Becelic-Tomin, Aleksandra Kulic, Anita Leovac-Macerak, and Bozo Dalmacija. "Oxidative degradation of cyan flexo dye with Heterogeneous Fenton reagent - Fe2(MoO4)3 particle." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 50 (2019): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1950077g.
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Heterogeneous Fenton catalyst Fe2(MoO4)3 was prepared and the process efficiency was evaluated for oxidation of water-based Cyan flexo dye in synthetic aqueous solution and printing wastewater. The removal process of printing dye was analyzed by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, while dye mineralization was evaluated by the determination of total organic carbon content and chemical oxygen demand. Four determinants of the heterogeneous Fenton system, including initial dye concentration, iron concentration, pH and hydrogen peroxide concentration were investigated. Statistical method, definitive screening design was applied to generate optimal operational conditions of the four variables, which maximizes the process of dye removal. The initial dye concentration of 20 mgL-1, catalyst dosage of 0.75 mgL-1, pH of 2 and H2O2 concentration of 11 mM were chosen as the best operational conditions, contributing to 82% of the process efficiency. The Fenton process efficiency of 79% was achieved within the treatment of printing wastewater under optimal conditions for a 90 minute reaction time. The maximum COD removal efficiency was 61.1%, while 67% mineralization was achieved. The obtained results confirmed synergistic effect of Fe3+ and MoO4 2? which contributed to high catalytic activity and high heterogeneous Fenton efficiency.
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Zhou, Ying Mei, Zhong Min Jiang, and Zhi Wei Qian. "Analysis of Electroluminescence Application on Display." Key Engineering Materials 814 (July 2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.814.107.
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With the development of electroluminescence application on display, the traditional structures are very classic and often monopolized by special companies in the world. Nowadays, technologies have developed very quickly so that lots of countries focus on the nanoink and substrate material. In fact, the process of producing various flexo screen display can be applied into the variable sized consumer packages by other conductive and phosphor printing material. In this paper, two different sequences of printing will be introduced to compare the advanced style on new structure design. This study also attempts to show the referable ways on materials to help optimize ways in electroluminescence application.
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Savickas, Arnas, Rimantas Stonkus, and Eugenijus Jurkonis. "Investigation of anilox roller cell clogging." Journal of graphic engineering and design 11, no. 2 (December 2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jged-2020-2-061.
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One vital component in the flexo inking system of high-line screen engrav-ing technologies is anilox rollers. These deliver a precise and consistent amount of ink during the process of flexography, making it possible to produce high-resolution prints of exceptional quality. However, as print quality continues to improve, printing houses are experiencing more fre-quent problems with anilox rollers, such that ink transfer during printing operations is being unpredictably reduced. Due to the lack of research into anilox rollers there is insufficient objective information on how to maintain them at peak performance and condition. This study investigates the clogging of anilox roller cells (without assessing cell wear) in a num-ber of printing houses in the Baltic States. Cell clogging of anilox rollers was determined depending on cell size, ink type and washing method.
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Huo, Li Xia, Shi Yong Luo, Yong Hao, Wen Cai Xu, and Zai Zhu Ma. "A New Black Water Based Ink Prepared by Chinese Traditional Materials for Screen Printing Ancient Books." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.69.
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Ink is one of “the four treasures in the study”. Inks prepared by the traditional materials is usually in the form of Chinese ink and ink stick, which are unsuitable for the modern printing technology such as screen printing, offset print, gravure or flexo printing. On the other hand, modern commodity printing inks most prepared by modern chemical pigments and chemical reagents, which would emit a certain amount of pollutants. Reproduction of Chinese ancient books, if printed by using modern commodity printing inks, would lost their lasting ancient charm such as antique, quaint, hoary, vintage, archaic, etc. In the present research, a new black water based ink is prepared by Chinese traditional materials such as, Chinese wood oil soot, bone glue, borneol, musk, pepper, etc. not including any modern chemical reagents which could cause pollution of the environment. The viscosity, fineness and rheology property of the ink were characterized. As an application example, the ink is used to duplicate the Tripitaka book sample by screen printing on Xuan papers. The original is the Tripitaka printed in the Ming Dynasty and from the temple of Wutaishan, Shanxi Province, China. The Reproduce is lasting ancient charm and durable.
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YANG, Qiujuan, Shisheng ZHOU, and Rubai LUO. "Spot-color matching system of flexo printing based on radius basis function neural network." Journal of Computer Applications 33, no. 6 (October 18, 2013): 1787–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2013.01787.
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Hsieh, Yung Cheng, and Hung Sheng Lin. "A Study of the Functionalities and Workflow for Web-to-Print Platform." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.151.
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“Web-to-Print” has become a new trend of printing industry all over the world recently. It combines the advantages of internet with printing processes in a highly digitalized way, and has been used in the U.S. and Europe for a while. Nowadays in the 21st century, whether offset printing, gravure printing, flexo printing, screen printing or digital printing cannot survive without internet, and it will be the trend for printers to develop Web-to-Print platform to reduce cost and increase productivity. Most of Asian printers still use traditional processes to print orders. Comparing to the printers in the U.S. or European countries, these printers in Asia seem not so active in the development of Web-to-Print. Under the influence of digitalization, it will be very important for them to consider how to provide “Web-to-Print” services. To begin with, this research conduct case study analyses of major successful stories of Web-to-Print by literature and actual examples. Functionalities of profitable web-to-print platform, based on our findings, may include various basic on-line operations such as on-line editing, on-line proofing and on-line ordering. Besides, in order to offer a user-friendly environment for foreign customers, the platform should take bilingual user interface into account. The platform should also provide copyright management and on-line legal advice service. After basic functionalities are implemented, educational service such as knowledge learning function are included to illustrate basic and professional printing knowledge which will be useful for those customers who are not familiar with print processes. The results of this study should help traditional printers invest on web-to-print business and provide a good reference for future studies related web-to-print technology and services.
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Holmvall, Martin, and Tetsu Uesaka. "Print uniformity of corrugated board in flexo printing: effects of corrugated board and halftone dot deformations." Packaging Technology and Science 21, no. 7 (November 2008): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.816.
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Dam, Henrik F., Thomas R. Andersen, Morten V. Madsen, Thomas K. Mortensen, Mads F. Pedersen, Uffe Nielsen, and Frederik C. Krebs. "Roll and roll-to-roll process scaling through development of a compact flexo unit for printing of back electrodes." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 140 (September 2015): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.04.007.
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Hussain, Muhammad, Yasar Amin, and Kyung-Geun Lee. "A Compact and Flexible UHF RFID Tag Antenna for Massive IoT Devices in 5G System." Sensors 20, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 5713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195713.
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Upcoming 5th-generation (5G) systems incorporate physical objects (referred to as things), which sense the presence of components such as gears, gadgets, and sensors. They may transmit many kinds of states in the smart city context, such as new deals at malls, safe distances on roads, patient heart rhythms (especially in hospitals), and logistic control at aerodromes and seaports around the world. These serve to form the so-called future internet of things (IoT). From this futuristic perspective, everything should have its own identity. In this context, radio frequency identification (RFID) plays a specific role, which provides wireless communications in a secure manner. Passive RFID tags carry out work using the energy harvested among massive systems. RFID has been habitually realized as a prerequisite for IoT, the combination of which is called IoT RFID (I-RFID). For the current scenario, such tags should be productive, low-profile, compact, easily mountable, and have eco-friendly features. The presently available tags are not cost-effective and have not been proven as green tags for environmentally friendly IoT in 5G systems nor are they suitable for long-range communications in 5G systems. The proposed I-RFID tag uses the meandering angle technique (MAT) to construct a design that satisfies the features of a lower-cost printed antenna over the worldwide UHF RFID band standard (860–960 MHz). In our research, tag MAT antennas are fabricated on paper-based Korsnäs by screen- and flexo-printing, which have lowest simulated effective outcomes with dielectric variation due to humidity and have a plausible read range (RR) for European (EU; 866–868 MHz) and North American (NA; 902–928 MHz) UHF band standards. The I-RFID tag size is reduced by 36% to 38% w.r.t. a previously published case, the tag gain has been improved by 23.6% to 33.12%, and its read range has been enhanced by 50.9% and 59.6% for EU and NA UHF bands, respectively. It provides impressive performance on some platforms (e.g., plastic, paper, and glass), thereby providing a new state-of-the-art I-RFID tag with better qualities in 5G systems.
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Rumetna, Matheus Supriyanto, Otniel Otniel, Friendly Litaay, Carlie Sibarani, Ruben Tahrin, Tirsa Ninia Lina, and Ratna Rosmauli Pakpahan. "Optimasi Pendapatan Pembuatan Spanduk dan Baliho Menggunakan Metode Simpleks (Studi Kasus: Usaha Percetakan Shiau Printing)." JURIKOM (Jurnal Riset Komputer) 7, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/jurikom.v7i2.1922.
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Shiau Printing is one of the businesses engaged in printing. This business often experiences production optimization problems, namely in terms of determining the maximum profit from the two types of products produced, namely banners and billboards. Constraints faced in the form of limited production resources, such as flexi materials. This problem can be solved by implementing linear programming using the simplex method and then testing it using the POM-QM application for Windows. Based on the results of calculations that have been made, a decision was drawn that the Shiau Printing could obtain a maximum income of IDR 15,000,000 -, / month.
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Tipanna, M., and D. D. Kale. "Composites of Waste, Ground Rubber Particles and Poly(Vinyl Chloride)." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 70, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538462.
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Abstract Composites of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were prepared with waste, finely ground printing rollers of nitrile rubber over a wide range of composition (up to 90% by weight of rubber component), through melt blending. The effect of different amounts of waste rubber on the tensile strength, % elongation, hardness, and flex crack resistance was studied. There was a considerable increase in the impact properties of PVC. Flex crack resistance was also significantly improved as the specimen did not crack even after 150,000 cycles for all composition containing more than 40% waste rubber. The waste rubber also imparted a plasticizing effect to PVC. The improvement in these properties could be due to interaction between PVC and the acrylonitrile part of nitrile rubber.
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Arulmozhi, R. Swetha, Mahima Vaidya, M. G. Poojalakshmi, D. Ashok Kumar, and K. Anuraag. "3D DESIGN AND PRINTING OF CUSTOM-FIT FINGER SPLINT." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 30, no. 05 (September 10, 2018): 1850032. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237218500321.
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Finger deformities are a major concern among the Indian population, where the increase of risk factors are higher for people suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. The deformities hinder the movements in the finger, affecting their day to day activities. Finger splint is a device which is used to support and correct this deformity in order to improve function. Three-dimensional modeling and 3D printing techniques are the standard measures used. The proposed methodology involves 3D modeling which was done using Solidworks 2013, along with standard measurements taken from the patients with deformities due to Rheumatoid Arthritis. The measurements were obtained using a vernier caliper. The 3D printing was done using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the materials needed for the same are Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and flex Polylactic Acid (PLA). The 3D printer used for the same is Flashforge Dreamer 3D printer. The volunteers were fitted with the custom finger splint. The finger splint is light-weight, easy to maintain and clean, with an inventive design based on the finger deformity. It is comfortable and helps support the patients during daily activities. It serves as an easy slip-on. Since it is well-ventilated, swelling of the finger does not occur. Future research will focus on the correction of the deformity, in addition to the biomechanical aspect of finger deformities.
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Sajid, Memoon, Hyun Woo Dang, Kyoung-Hoan Na, and Kyung Hyun Choi. "Highly stable flex sensors fabricated through mass production roll-to-roll micro-gravure printing system." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 236 (December 2015): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2015.10.037.
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Krčma, Martin, David Škaroupka, Petr Vosynek, Tomáš Zikmund, Jozef Kaiser, and David Palousek. "Use of polymer concrete for large-scale 3D printing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 27, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2019-0316.
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Purpose This paper aims to focus on the evaluation of a polymer concrete as a three-dimensional (3D) printing material. An associated company has developed plastic concrete made from reused unrecyclable plastic waste. Its intended use is as a construction material. Design/methodology/approach The concrete mix, called PolyBet, composed of polypropylene and glass sand, is printed by the fused deposition modelling process. The process of material and parameter selection is described. The mechanical properties of the filled material were compared to its cast state. Samples were made from castings and two different orientations of 3D-printed parts. Three-point flex tests were carried out, and the area of the break was examined. Computed tomography of the samples was carried out. Findings The influence of the 3D printing process on the material was evaluated. The mechanical performance of the longitudinal samples was close to the cast state. There was a difference in the failure mode between the states, with cast parts exhibiting a tougher behaviour, with fractures propagating in a stair-like manner. The 3D-printed samples exhibited high degrees of porosity. Originality/value The results suggest that the novel material is a good fit for 3D printing, with little to no degradation caused by the process. Layer adhesion was shown to be excellent, with negligible effect on the finished part for the longitudinal orientation. That means, if large-scale testing of buildability is successful, the material is a good fit for additive manufacturing of building components and other large-scale structures.
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Argyropoulos, Athanasios, and Pantelis N. Botsaris. "Research, study, design and development of an artificial ear splint model by using a 3D printer." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801018.
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The aim of this research study centers around the design and development, using a three-dimensional model of an ear-splint. This study results from the need of a non-invasive method, as the current techniques used in otoplasty have succeeded in reducing the risk of complications, but without drastically reducing the rate of postoperative deformity. Indeed, stick out ears present a deformity that occurs in 5% of the population. Factors such as psychosocial impact and intimidation lay the foundations for the need for such a method. This paper essays to create, through 3D printing, a case customized into the ear of any person of all ages. The splint was made on Zortrax M200 3D printer model, equipped with the V3 Hotend head, and the material used for printing was 16 grams of Z-FLEX. It is noted that the creation of the case is innovative and original. After putting the ear-splint into test, by applying it on a human ear, two conclusions emerge. First, it is very light, weight, just 16 grams, and second, it offers comfort and convenience to the user. In order to get results for its practicality, a clinical rehabilitation study is recommended.
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Argyropoulos, Athanasios, and Pantelis N. Botsaris. "Modern Applications of 3D Printing: The Case of an Artificial Ear Splint Model." Methods and Protocols 4, no. 3 (August 6, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps4030054.
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a leading manufacturing technique in the medical field. The constantly improving quality of 3D printers has revolutionized the approach to new challenges in medicine for a wide range of applications including otoplasty, medical devices, and tissue engineering. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of an artificial ear splint model applied to the human auricle for the treatment of stick-out protruding ears. The deformity of stick-out protruding ears remains a significant challenge, where the complex and distinctive shape preservation are key factors. To address this challenge, we have developed a protocol that involves photogrammetry techniques, reverse engineering technologies, a smart prototype design, and 3D printing processes. Specifically, we fabricated a 3D printed ear splint model via fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology by testing two materials, a thermoplastic polyester elastomer material (Z-Flex) and polycaprolactone (PCL 100). Our strategy affords a custom-made and patient-specific artificial ear aligner with mechanical properties that ensures sufficient preservation of the auricular shape by applying a force on the helix and antihelix and enables the ears to pin back to the head.
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Malliori, A., A. Daskalaki, A. Dermitzakis, and N. Pallikarakis. "Development of Physical Breast Phantoms for X-ray Imaging Employing 3D Printing Techniques." Open Medical Imaging Journal 12, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874347102012010001.
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Objective: This study aims to investigate the use of 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of physical breast phantoms, suitable for conventional and phase contrast breast imaging. Such phantoms could provide essential information for the design, development and optimization of emerging X-ray imaging modalities. Materials and Methods: Physical phantoms were constructed using two 3D printing techniques: Fused Deposition Modeling and Stereolithography. Eight materials suitable for 3D printing, including thermoplastic filaments and photopolymer resins, were investigated for the optimal representation of breast tissues, based on their attenuation and refractive characteristics. The phantoms consisted of a 3D-printed mold, which was then manually filled with paraffin wax. Additionally, a 3D complex-patterned layer and details representing abnormalities were embedded in different depths. Images of the phantoms were obtained in attenuation and phase contrast mode. Experiments were conducted using an X-ray microfocus tube with Tungsten anode set to 55kVp, combined with a photon-counting detector. The distance between source and detector was 56.5cm. The images were acquired at different object-to-detector distances starting from 5cm up to 40cm in a free space propagation set-up. Results and Conclusion: Results show that among all combinations with paraffin used as an adipose substitute, phantoms created with the Stereolithography technique and resins (especially Flex) as glandular equivalent, were found to be more appropriate for both attenuation and phase contrast imaging. The edge enhancement effect was well observed in the experimental images acquired at 35cm object-to-detector distance, indicating the potential for improved feature visualization using this set-up in phase contrast compared to attenuation mode.
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Tseghai, Granch Berhe, Benny Malengier, Kinde Anlay Fante, Abreha Bayrau Nigusse, and Lieva Van Langenhove. "Development of a Flex and Stretchy Conductive Cotton Fabric Via Flat Screen Printing of PEDOT:PSS/PDMS Conductive Polymer Composite." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061742.
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In this work, we have successfully produced a conductive and stretchable knitted cotton fabric by screen printing of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethylene oxide)(PDMS-b-PEO) conductive polymer composite. It was observed that the mechanical and electrical properties highly depend on the proportion of the polymers, which opens a new window to produce PEDOT:PSS-based conductive fabric with distinctive properties for different application areas. The bending length analysis proved that the flexural rigidity was lower with higher PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio while tensile strength was increased. The SEM test showed that the smoothness of the fabric was better when PDMS-b-PEO is added compared to PEDOT:PSS alone. Fabrics with electrical resistance from 24.8 to 90.8 kΩ/sq have been obtained by varying the PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio. Moreover, the resistance increased with extension and washing. However, the change in surface resistance drops linearly at higher PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio. The conductive fabrics were used to construct textile-based strain, moisture and biopotential sensors depending upon their respective surface resistance.
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Pei, Eujin, Jinsong Shen, and Jennifer Watling. "Direct 3D printing of polymers onto textiles: experimental studies and applications." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 5 (August 17, 2015): 556–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2014-0126.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adhesion of polymer materials printed directly onto fabrics using entry-level fused deposition modelling (FDM) machines. A series of functional and decorative parts were designed to explore the limitations and to identify potential applications. Design/methodology/approach – A series of shapes and structures were designed as 3D computer-aided design (CAD) solids to determine whether complex parts could be printed directly onto the surface of fabrics. The structures were fabricated using an entry-level FDM printer with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polylactic acid (PLA) and nylon on eight different types of synthetic and man-made woven and knit fabrics. The results were recorded according to four parameters – the warp, bond, print quality and flex – before comparing the data sets. Findings – Among the three polymers, PLA showed the best results when printed on the eight different types of fabrics, having extremely good adhesion with little warp, yet displaying a high quality of print with good flexural strength. For the fabrics, woven cotton, woven polywool and knit soy had excellent adhesion when the three polymers were deposited. Research limitations/implications – Future work should cover a wider range of polymers and textiles and incorporate more functional features for testing. Other aspects include modifying the fibre surface through mechanical or chemical means to achieve a more efficient adhesion with the fibre and examining the deposition process in terms of temperature, pressure and build density. Future work should also investigate the feasibility for large-scale production. Practical implications – This paper supports work on wearable electronics by integrating comfortable textiles with hard wearing parts without compromising on quality and fit and combining additive manufacturing processes with textiles to maintain the drape characteristics of the fabric. Polymer–textile deposition will contribute to new applications and functional products such as orthopaedic braces for medical use or for decorative features such as buttons and trimmings for garments. Originality/value – This paper has contributed to new knowledge by providing a better understanding of polymer materials being printed directly onto fabrics using entry-level FDM machines.
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Tungol, Mary Widmark. "Infrared Microscopy As A Failure Analysis Tool In The Thermal Inkjet Cartridge Industry." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013635.
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Four major components comprise an inkjet cartridge (Fig.lA): (1) the pen body which contains the ink and positions the cartridge in the printer; (2) an ink delivery system which supplies ink at the correct backpressure and flow rate; (3) a flex circuit which provides the electrical interconnect to the printer; and (4) the printhead which generates and directs the drops. Because of its complexity and small critical dimensions, the printhead poses the greatest analytical challenge for many failure analysis problems. Each printhead may contain as many as 300 firing chambers (Fig. IB). Each chamber consists of a resistor surrounded by a polymer-based barrier material which forms a cavity into which ink flows from the ink delivery system. The chamber is capped by a metal or polymer orifice-containing plate. Printing occurs when the resistor is heated to form an ink vapor bubble which subsequently ejects a droplet of ink though the orifice onto the paper.
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Fries, David, and Chase StarrGeran Barton. "2D PCB WITH 3D PRINT FABRICATIONS FOR RIGID-CONFORMAL PACKAGING OF MICROSENSOR IMAGING ARRAYS BASED ON BIOINSPIRED ARCHITECTURES." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, DPC (January 1, 2014): 001012–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2014dpc-tp33.
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Macro sensor systems typically measure a localized space above a single sensor element. Expanding these single sensor elements into arrays permits spatial distribution measurements of a particular parameter and allow flux visualizations. Furthermore, applying microsystems technology to macro sensor systems yields imaging arrays and high resolution spatial/temporal sensing functions. Extending the high spatial resolution imaging over large areas is a desirable feature for new “vision” modes on autonomous robotic systems and for deployable environmental sensors. Rigid-flexible PCB's are desirable for miniaturization and integration of systems for mobile technology. The hybrid substrates provide substantial flexibility in systems design and integration of multiple functions into limited spaces. Using this design and construction approach allows lightweight, complex, and space efficient systems. Flex microsystems based on structured, fiber or non-fiber filled PCB laminates permits packaging to occur at two levels, at the local (micro) substrate scale and at the macro scale with the ability to flex the system across millimeter to centimeter lengths on real everyday systems. We continue to explore the use of PCB and PCBMEMS technology for new sensing concepts. In order to create rigid-conformal, large area imaging “camera” systems we have merged flexible PCB substrates with rigid constructions from 3D printing. This approach merges the 2D flexible electronics world of printed circuits with the 3D printed packaging world. Furthermore employing architectures used by biology as a basis for our imaging systems we explored naturally and biologically inspired designs, and their relationships to non-visible imagery, and alternate mechanical systems of perception. Radiolaria are extremely tiny ocean organisms that utilize a similar additive construction process to 3D printing. Their cell bodies secrete a substance mainly composed of silica to form intricate exoskeletons used as a system of protection. A correlation can be made between the radiolaria's construction process and the plastic extrusion system of the 3D fused deposition model printer. The benefits of additive construction are efficient use of materials, reduced cost and energy, and ability to customize forms. Through the use of bio-inspiration, a framework is laid out to base further research on (DFP)-design for packaging. Radiolarian exoskeletons take on a grid-like pattern while creating a cage around each microsensor interior and producing strong scaffolding. Using the 3D printed exoskeleton's form and function with flexible printed circuits one can create systems that are both rigid and form fitting with three-dimensional shape and enable new camera systems for various sensory applications.
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Sudijono, Sudijono. "DUSTY EXPLOITING of CHAFF PADDY UPON WHICH HARD MIXTURE TILE SOIL IN KARANG PENANG SAMPANG." WAKTU: Jurnal Teknik UNIPA 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2011): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/waktu.v9i2.924.
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Chaff Paddy is external shares from paddy item. about/around 20 % from paddy wight is paddy chaff and more or less 15 % from composition lock up is lock up paddy which is always yielded is each time burned. ( Hara - 1986). Ash Lock up Paddy have pozolan element and contain silica. silica represent worthwhile chemicals and its application is very wide of strarting electronic area. mechanic. medical, building till other area. One of the silica serbuk exploiting is upon which ceramic making mixture of art ( hara. 1986). Dusty waste of this paddy chaff will be developed for the materials of bangunnan that is upon which mixture making of clay tile in Rock Penang Coat with lacquer so that can yield qualified Hat land;ground tile as according to SNI 03-2095-1998. Used by Mixture composition is heavy comparison 10 TL : 0 ASP ( control), 10 T : 1 ASP, 10 TL : 2 ASP, 10 TL : 3 ASP, 10 TL : 4 ASP, 10 TL : 5 ASP. Dusty of Chaff Paddy to be used is beforehand sieved so that become refinement and clear of small stones and fibre so that/ to be easy to in course of and mixture printing of tile, is later; then mixed with clay and processed with printing of tile result of from tile printing;mould dried until tile is ready to burned, hereinafter process combustion of rose colored tile until. refinement as according to specification in SNI 03-2095-1998. Examination relate at SNI 03-2095-1998 about visible quality, decision of size measure, form, limber strength and absorbtion. From is sixth of mixture composition indicate that energy diffuse dusty clay tile water of terendah paddy chaff at III mixture ( 10 TL : 2 ASP) equal to 6,28 % below/under SNI 03-2095-1998 equal to 15 % and enter in storey;level quality of II. Strong flex highest at III composition ( 10 TL : 2 ASP) equal to 169,95 Singk / cm enter in storey;level quality of II tile and limber strength of minimum at VI composition ( 10 TL : 5 ASP) equal to 133,67 Singk / cm ( SNI 03-2095-1998 min. 110 Singk / cm2
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Huyck, Jefferds. "BYZANTINE SEAHORSES IN TACITUS' ANNALS, 12.63.2." Classical Quarterly 66, no. 1 (May 2016): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838816000318.
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quippe Byzantium fertili solo, fecundo mari, quia uis piscium in metapontum erumpens et obliquis subter undas saxis exterrita omisso alterius litoris flexu hos ad portus defertur.For Byzantium is favoured with fertile soil and teeming seas, since a multitude of fish, bursting out (of the Pontus?) and spooked by rocks slanting beneath the water, leave off the curve of the opposite shore and are wafted to these harbours. That is the text of the second Medicean and all of its descendants. For centuries now the unfitness of the words in metapontum has been obvious to editors. J. Lipsius conjectured innumera Pontum (1585), G. Brotier innumera Ponto (1771), N. Bach and G.A. Ruperti immensa Pontum (each in 1834). F. Ritter returned to the problem again and again, first proposing immensa Ponto (1834), then immensum Ponto, i.e. ‘immensa multitudine’ (1848), and finally in meatu Ponti (1863). Bach's and Ruperti's remedy is clearly the most efficient. Modern editors agree in printing uis piscium immensa (i.e. inmēsa) Pontum erumpens, ‘an immense multitude of fish, bursting out of the Pontus'. Neat, but perhaps unnecessary. My object here is to defend the text of the manuscripts.
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Xu, Ming, Cheng Rong, and Long He. "Design and Modeling of a Bio-Inspired Flexible Joint Actuator." Actuators 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10050095.
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Spiders rely on a hydraulic system to stretch their legs but use muscles to make their legs flex. The compound drive of hydraulics and muscle makes an integrate dexterous structure with powerful locomotion abilities, which perfectly meets the primary requirements of advanced robots. Inspired by this hydraulics-muscle co-drive joint, a novel flexible joint actuator was proposed and its driving characteristics were preliminarily explored. The bio-inspired flexible joint manifested as a double-constrained balloon actuator, which was fabricated by the composite process of 3D printing and casting. To evaluate its performance, the mathematical model was deduced, as well as the finite element analysis (FEA) model. A series of experiments on the rotation angles, driving forces, and efficiencies of the flexible joint were carried out and compared with the mathematical calculations and FEA simulations. The results show that the accuracy of the two theoretical models can be used to assess the joint actuator. The locomotion test of a soft arthropod robot with two flexible joints was also implemented, where the moving speed reached 22 mm/s and the feasibility of the proposed flexible joint applied to a soft robot was demonstrated.
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Fan, Shou Yuan, Jian Kui Chen, and Zhou Ping Yin. "Curing Kinetics of Anisotropic Conductive Adhesive in the Manufacturing Process of RFID Tags." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.17.
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The study of the epoxy-based anisotropic conductive adhesive in electronic packaging interconnects applications (chip-on-glass, chip-on-flex, etc. especially in RFID applications) has received particular attention. This is due to its potential advantages of finer pitch printing, reducing environmental contamination. The thermal curing process is critical to develop the ultimate electrical and mechanical properties of the ACA devices. In this article, the curing kinetics of ACA was studied with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) under constant heating rates conditions in the range of 520 °C/min. The model free method was used to describe the curing reaction. The degree-of-cure and the activation energy through the whole conversion range were mathematically determined and used to predict the progress of the curing process. Experimental results show that the activation energy of the ACA varies significantly with degree-of-cure during the curing process. The peculiar phenomenon indicates that the ACA underwent a complex series of reactions. The kinetics of curing reaction changes when large conversion values are reached at low heating rates. The change in the reaction kinetics is due to vitrification of the ACA during heating. In addition, the degree-of-cure of the ACA as a function of bonding times during isothermal ACA bonding process was theoretically predicted.
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Mozaffar, Omer M. "The Arab Mind." American Journal of Islam and Society 21, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v21i3.1776.
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It is Raphael Patai’s ambition to chart the fundamental components of theArab worldview that most compels the reader to leaf through the 400 pages of The Arab Mind. In one text, in less than 20 brief chapters, he seeks toprovide the elements that define the culture and mindset of the entire halfbillion-strong Arab world. For many readers, this enormous goal provokesenough skepticism to prevent any hope for objectivity before reading a singleword. In this new printing, however, Norvell B. DeAtkine (director ofMiddle East Studies, JFK Special Warfare Center, Fort Bragg, NC) providesa foreword that offers the highest praise for Patai’s work. Forinstance, he acknowledges that this book provides the foundation for hisown instruction and coursework.Hatherleigh Press, the publisher of this revised edition, is known forits Body Sculpting Bible series, its Living With line of health books, andits Flex series of athletic books. A more unlikely pairing reveals itselfwhen we discover that the original edition of The Arab Mind appeared in1973, the same year as Clifford Geertz’s groundbreaking TheInterpretation of Cultures. Though Patai republished this book a decadelater, and this new, current edition appears less than a decade after hisdeath, it is clear that despite his familiarity with Geertz’s writings, hechose not to embrace Geertz’s methods. Though none can deny the widthand depth of Patai’s insights, his own methods provide more problemsthan solutions ...
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Lin, Kuang-Wei, Chia-Jung Hu, Wen-Wen Yang, Li-Wei Chou, Shun-Hwa Wei, Chen-Sheng Chen, and Pi-Chang Sun. "Biomechanical Evaluation and Strength Test of 3D-Printed Foot Orthoses." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019 (December 7, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4989534.
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Foot orthoses (FOs) are commonly used as interventions for individuals with flatfoot. Advances in technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) scanning and 3D printing have facilitated the fabrication of custom FOs. However, few studies have been conducted on the mechanical properties and biomechanical effects of 3D-printed FOs. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed FOs and determine their biomechanical effects in individuals with flexible flatfoot. During mechanical testing, a total of 18 FO samples with three orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) were fabricated and tested. The maximum compressive load and stiffness were calculated. During a motion capture experiment, 12 individuals with flatfoot were enrolled, and the 3D-printed FOs were used as interventions. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected during walking by using an optical motion capture system. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the mechanical parameters among the three build orientations. A paired t-test was conducted to compare the biomechanical variables under two conditions: walking in standard shoes (Shoe) and walking in shoes embedded with FOs (Shoe+FO). The results indicated that the 45° build orientation produced the strongest FOs. In addition, the maximum ankle evertor and external rotator moments under the Shoe+FO condition were significantly reduced by 35% and 16%, respectively, but the maximum ankle plantar flexor moments increased by 3%, compared with the Shoe condition. No significant difference in ground reaction force was observed between the two conditions. This study demonstrated that 3D-printed FOs could alter the ankle joint moments during gait.
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Alajoki, Teemu, Matti Koponen, Arttu Huttunen, Markus Tuomikoski, Mikko Heikkinen, Antti Keränen, Kimmo Keränen, et al. "Hybrid In-Mould Integration." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2013, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 000188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-ta64.
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Next generation of electronic modules and systems in different application areas such as automotive, medical and home appliances will utilize various electronic, optical and mechanical functions integrated in freeform intelligent products with benefits such as decreased volume and weight, lower costs and higher freedom of design when compared to currently available electronics manufacturing and packaging methods. The hybrid in-mould integration technology concept is based on combination of roll-to-roll (R2R) printed electronics, discrete component assembly, film forming and injection overmoulding/in-mould labelling (IML) processes. In this study, compatibility and feasibility of the technology for low-cost disposable healthcare sensor applications, especially pulse oximeters, was investigated. Flexible printed circuit (FPC) substrates for pulse oximeter applications were manufactured in high-volume and low cost fashion by R2R printing and etching processes. Surface mount technology (SMT) and leadframe components were assembled on FPCs by using adhesive bonding technology. The assembly process was also demonstrated using automated, high-volume capable machine. It was proven that SMD components and their interconnections on flex withstand the injection overmoulding process and can thus be embedded seamlessly inside plastic parts. By the use of the same injection moulding process it was also demonstrated that rigid mechanical locking features manufactured by film overmoulding can be combined with the flexibility of FPC. In order to speed up the iteration cycles of the hybrid integration design flow, a new method was developed for rapid prototyping of in-mould integrated products. In the method, 3D printing was used to create a master for a silicone mould, and assembled FPC was overmolded in vacuum casting process with polyurethane material. This paper presents also other research activities at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland in the field of hybrid system integration carried out in various collaborative projects with companies and research institutes in Europe. The demonstrators realised in these projects include autonomous, intelligent lighting and signaling systems for automotive and traffic signs, in-molded optical touch panel and flexible printed organic light-emitting diode (OLED) embedded into 3D plastic structure using IML-like process in which active OLED foils are used instead of graphic foils. The demonstrators prove that hybrid in-mould integration could be a feasible technology enabling seamless integration of optical, electrical and mechanical features into 3D plastic products.
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Maikap, Akshay N., Shikha Jain, Hari K. Singh, Ashish Gupta, and Sidharath Behl. "Effect of primers and surface treatments on the gas barrier, mechanical, optical, printing, and flex-crack properties of the polyvinylidene chloride coated biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate films." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 31, no. 2 (November 20, 2014): 158–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087914559863.
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Bildik Dal, Ahsen Ezel, Yağmur Biricik, and Sinan Sönmez. "Printability of paper and paperboard surface treatment with gum rosin and derivatives." Pigment & Resin Technology ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2021-0033.
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Purpose This study aims to provide control of liquids, especially against water-based ink on the paper and paperboard surface with natural substances, in also practical and greenway. Design/methodology/approach The paper surface was treated with natural rosin and its derivatives to obtain a hydrophobic effect and to improve printing properties. The oleoresin samples collected from Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus pinaster Aiton trees in the controlled area and turpentine content removed was by hydrodistillation. The gum rosin (GR), fortified 10% with maleic anhydride (MGR) and esterified with 10% pentaerythritol (PMGR) samples solved in a simply alcohol and sprayed the base paper surface directly with a spray gun. Base paper samples were paperboard, bleached paper and test liner paper. Then, flexo printing was applied and printability properties were measured. Findings The treatment weights of these paper samples were 1.8 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.5 and 0.7 ± 0.2 g/m2, respectively, compared to the base paper. Greater Cobb60 results were obtained from modified rosin samples than unmodified gum rosin-sized paperboards and the PMGR surface treatment reduces Cobb60 values by 20% and MGR treatment reduces 15% comparing to the base sheet. Then, the printing procedure was applied to the surface of the treated materials using a flexo printing system. As a result of the treatment better print density, chroma and print lightness value consumed a less hydrophobic agent and controlling water-based flexo ink on the base paper surface. Originality/value The unique aspect of this work was improving the hydrophobicity of the paper surfaces was achieved by spraying with natural rosin and derivatives.
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"Flexo Goes Green: breakthrough in corrugated packaging post printing in China." Focus on Powder Coatings 2013, no. 7 (July 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-5439(13)70150-3.
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"Flexo Trade Services receives $50K printing system donation from Squid Ink." Pigment & Resin Technology 40, no. 1 (January 11, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt.2011.12940aab.008.
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Seshadri, Aravind, Prabhakar R. Pagilla, and Jamie E. Lynch. "Modeling Print Registration in Roll-to-Roll Printing Presses." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 135, no. 3 (March 28, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4023761.
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Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing is a continuous process in which thin flexible materials such as paper are passed through a printing press to print the required pattern onto the material. Each printing press may have several printing units depending on the number of colors to be printed and the complexity of the pattern. The flexible material, often referred to as a “web,” is passed successively through each print unit to create a multicolor pattern. Print registration is the process of overlapping successive printed patterns to form a complex multicolor pattern and the registration error is the position misalignment in the overlapped patterns. This paper develops a machine direction print registration model in a printing press with multiple print units whose print cylinders are driven using mechanical line shafts. The registration model considers the effects of interaction between adjacent print units due to variations in material strain and machine dynamics, including various dynamic elements, such as the print cylinder, doctor blade assembly, print unit compensator roller, print unit motor, friction at various locations, etc. Measured data from typical production runs on an industrial printing press are used to corroborate the developed print registration model. Mechanical design and control design recommendations to reduce registration error in print units are also provided. The developed registration model is applicable to many R2R printing technologies, such as offset, flexo, and rotogravure printing.
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Ruiz, Oliver Grimaldo, and Yasin Dhaher. "Multi-color and Multi-Material 3D Printing of Knee Joint models." 3D Printing in Medicine 7, no. 1 (April 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00100-0.
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Abstract Objective This study reports on a new method for the development of multi-color and multi-material realistic Knee Joint anatomical models with unique features. In particular, the design of a fibers matrix structure that mimics the soft tissue anatomy. Methods Various Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems and the PolyJet 3D printing were used in the fabrication of three anatomical models wherein fibers matrix structure is mimicked: (i) Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) model used in the previous study. (ii) ACL-R model, incorporating orientations, directions, locations, and dimensions of the tunnels, as well as a custom-made surgical guide (SG) for avoiding graft tunnel length mismatch. (iii) Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) model, including custom-made implants. Before models 3D printing, uni-axial tensile tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical behaviors for individual No. 1 (A60-A50), No. 2 (A50-A50), No. 3 (A50-A40), and No. 4 (A70-A60) soft tissue-mimicking polymers. Each material combination represents different shore-hardness values between fiber and matrix respectively. Results We correlated the pattern of stress-strain curves in the elastic region, stiffness, and elastic modulus of proposed combinations with published literature. Accordingly, material combinations No. 1 and No. 4 with elastic modules of 0.76-1.82 MPa were chosen for the soft tissues 3D printing. Finally, 3D printing Knee Joint models were tested manually simulating 50 flexo-extension cycles without presenting ruptures. Conclusion The proposed anatomical models offer a diverse range of applications. These may be considered as an alternative to replacing cadaver specimens for medical training, pre-operative planning, research and education purposes, and predictive models validation. The soft tissue anatomy-mimicking materials are strong enough to withstand the stretching during the flexo-extension. The methodology reported for the design of the fiber-matrix structure might be considered as a start to develop new patterns and typologies that may mimic soft tissues.
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Kurt, Mustafa Batuhan, Yelda Karatepe Mumcu, and Lütfi Özdemir. "Estimation Of Screen Density According To Different Screening Methods With Artificial Neural Network Method In Flexo Printing System." Journal of Polytechnic, January 30, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.386932.
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Diaz Suárez, Ricardo Andres, Leidy Tatiana Moreno Moreno, Marlon Andres Sanjuan Vargas, Carlos Alberto Prada Garcia, and Luis Dalmiro Torres. "Development of an exoskeleton for the rehabilitation of the flexo-extensor movement of the elbow." ITECKNE 18, no. 1 (April 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/iteckne.v18i1.2539.
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In this research work, the development of an electro-mechanical device for the rehabilitation of the flexor-extensor movement of the elbow with rehabilitative potential is presented. For the development of this prototype, an elbow joint was designed and built which allows movements from 0 ° to 120 °. The design of the gear system was carried out using Solid Edge software from a previous selection of the step motor that offered enough torque to achieve flexion and extension of the elbow, then for the construction of this system a 3D printing was used in PLA. This system was coupled to a hinged arm stabilizer system. The prototype is operated from a software application on Android using the IDE MITapp inventor, which sends the desired angulation to an Arduino device which implements a digital control system. To improve the perception of exoskeleton therapy, a telerehabilitation software application was developed using IDE processing and a Kinect body recognition device, which guides the patient in an interactive therapy where they perform the rehabilitation of flexion and extension movement by guiding a virtual object from one angle to another.
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Detig, Robert H. "Electrostatic Printing, A Versatile Manufacturing Process for the Electronics Industries." MRS Proceedings 624 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-624-71.
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ABSTRACTFunctional materials configured as liquid toners are printed on a variety of substrates for various manufacturing processes. The materials include metal toners, resistor toners, high k dielectric toners, phosphors and glass. The substrates printed upon include glass, bare and coated metal, polymeric films and even paper. A fixed configuration electrostatic printing plate is used in most manufacturing applications though traditional photo receptor plates can be used if electronic addressability is desired.Applications of electrostatic printing for electronic packaging products (printed wiring boards and flex circuits) and of passive electronic components themselves will be shown. Results with a pure silver toner printed on both glass and paper will be reported. Examples of passive electronic components like resistors, capacitors, and even inductors that have been electrostatically printed with liquid toners will be shown. Possible applications of toners to the manufacture of flat panel displays will be discussed.
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Detig, Robert H. "Electrostatic Printing, a Versatile Manufacturing Process for the Electronics Industries." MRS Proceedings 625 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-625-151.
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AbstractFunctional materials configured as liquid toners are printed on a variety of substrates for various manufacturing processes. The materials include metal toners, resistor toners, high k dielectric toners, phosphors and glass. The substrates printed upon include glass, bare and coated metal, polymeric films and even paper. A fixed configuration electrostatic printing plate is used in most manufacturing applications though traditional photo receptor plates can be used if electronic addressability is desired.Applications of electrostatic printing for electronic packaging products (printed wiring boards and flex circuits) and of passive electronic components themselves will be shown. Results with a pure silver toner printed on both glass and paper will be reported. Examples of passive electronic components like resistors, capacitors, and even inductors that have been electrostatically printed with liquid toners will be shown. Possible applications of toners to the manufacture of flat panel displays will be discussed.
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Kwon, Jinhee, Joonmyeong Choi, Sangwook Lee, Minkyeong Kim, Yoon Kyung Park, Do Hyun Park, and Namkug Kim. "Modelling and manufacturing of 3D-printed, patient-specific, and anthropomorphic gastric phantoms: a pilot study." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (November 4, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74110-z.
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Abstract Interventional devices including intragastric balloons are widely used to treat obesity. This study aims to develop 3D-printed, patient-specific, and anthropomorphic gastric phantoms with mechanical properties similar to those of human stomach. Using computed tomography gastrography (CTG) images of three patients, gastric phantoms were modelled through shape registration to align the stomach shapes of three different phases. Shape accuracies of the original gastric models versus the 3D-printed phantoms were compared using landmark distances. The mechanical properties (elongation and tensile strength), number of silicone coatings (0, 2, and 8 times), and specimen hardness (50, 60, and 70 Shore A) of three materials (Agilus, Elastic, and Flexa) were evaluated. Registration accuracy was significantly lower between the arterial and portal phases (3.16 ± 0.80 mm) than that between the portal and delayed phases (8.92 ± 0.96 mm). The mean shape accuracy difference was less than 10 mm. The mean elongations and tensile strengths of the Agilus, Elastic, and Flexa were 264%, 145%, and 146% and 1.14, 1.59, and 2.15 MPa, respectively, and their mechanical properties differed significantly (all p < 0.05). Elongation and tensile strength assessments, CTG image registration and 3D printing resulted in highly realistic and patient-specific gastric phantoms with reasonable shape accuracies.
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"Expression of concern: Understanding effects of printhead geometry in aerosol jet printing (2020 Flex. Print. Electron. 5 035004)." Flexible and Printed Electronics 5, no. 3 (September 12, 2020): 039801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/abb12d.
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Ge, Changfeng, Suraj Singh Verma, Jack Burruto, Nazar Ribalco, Janice Ong, and K. Sudhahar. "Effects of flexing, optical density, and lamination on barrier and mechanical properties of metallized films and aluminum foil centered laminates prepared with polyethylene terephthalate and linear low density polyethylene." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting, October 7, 2020, 875608792096353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087920963532.
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Flex barrier and optical density (OD) are two unique properties for metallized films and aluminum foil. This study investigated the effect of flexing on barrier properties of a laminate comprising metallized films and aluminum foil, as well as OD and adhesive lamination process on the overall multilayer laminate performance. Three (3) barrier layers, namely aluminum foil, metallized polyethylene terephthalate (met OPET) film with a high OD, and standard metallized PET film(met OPET), were laminated with the same printing layer OPET and sealing layer linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), into OPET/adhesive/foil/adhesive/LLDPE and OPET/adhesive/met OPET/adhesive/LLDPE structures. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) were measured before and after flexing. The aluminum foil centered laminate had an excellent oxygen barrier after the 20-cycle flexing test and failed to retain its oxygen barrier after the 270-cycle flexing. Compared to the aluminum foil centered laminate, the metallized film centered laminates were less affected by the flexing on the oxygen barrier. For all laminates, the water vapor barrier was less severely affected by flexing than the oxygen barrier. This study suggests that the ASTMF392 Gelbo D (20- cycle flexing) can determine if aluminum foil and metallized film centered laminates are resistant to flex-formed pinhole failures. A higher OD, a thicker film thickness and lamination process improved laminate’s actual barrier, resulting in lower measured transmission rates versus that predicted using Henry's solubility law and Fick's diffusion law. The laminate’s water vapor transmission rate is 55–74% lower than predicted. The oxygen transmission rate is 15–31% lower than predicted.