Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flexor muscles of the forearm

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Academic literature on the topic 'Flexor muscles of the forearm'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Flexor muscles of the forearm"

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Pires, Lucas Alves Sarmento, Graciele de Caro Reis Machado, Rodrigo Mota Pacheco Fernandes, Jorge Henrique Martins Manaia, João Francisco Silva Champs, and Marcio Antonio Babinski. "Notes on the Accessory Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle: A Rare Supernumerary Variation." Journal of Morphological Sciences 36, no. 02 (February 28, 2019): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681108.

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AbstractVariations of the forearm muscles are well described in the literature. In spite of that, reports regarding the accessory flexor carpi ulnaris muscle are scarce due to its rarity. This muscle usually originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus with the flexor muscle mass and inserts itself into the palmar aponeurosis or the pisiform bone together with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Supernumerary and anomalous muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm have been associated with ulnar nerve and artery compression. Furthermore, they may also mimic neuromas and soft tissue tumors. The study of supernumerary muscles is necessary, as they may be an option to tendon grafts and muscle flaps. The aim of this paper is to describe the presence of the accessory flexor carpi ulnaris muscle on the left forearm of a cadaver fixated in a phenol solution and discuss its clinical and anthropological significance.
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Teo, Wendy Z. W., Reshvinder Kaur, and Sandeep Sebastin. "Traumatic Rupture of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle Belly in a Circus Rigger." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 26, no. 02 (January 11, 2021): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835521720073.

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Closed traumatic rupture of forearm flexor muscles has been reported rarely. Previous reports have included ruptures of the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis, pronator quadratus and the palmaris longus. We report a patient with a closed traumatic rupture through the muscle belly of the flexor carpi ulnaris and summarise the published literature on ruptures involving the forearm flexor muscles. Overall, conservative treatment can result in excellent outcomes. Early surgical intervention is recommended in patients with nerve involvement and compartment syndrome and delayed reconstruction may be considered for patients with functional deficits.
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Nayak, Soubhagya R., Suranjali Sharma, Hasi Dasgupta, and Kalyan Bhattacharya. "PRESENCE OF TRIPLE GANTZER'S MUSCLE - A RARE ANATOMICAL VARIATION." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 03, no. 01 (March 2013): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703638.

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AbstractAnomalous muscles usually do not result in adverse symptoms but are of academic interest. However, these muscles can create neurovascular compression at times. Muscle anomalies of the upper extremity are recognized causes of peripheral nerve disorder. Koloh-Nevin Syndrome (Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome) caused by the compression neuropathy of the anterior interosseous nerve in the forearm is believed to occur because of its compression by the accessory heads of flexor pollics longus (FPLah) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDPah). The above two accessory muscles are also called Gantzer's muscle. During routine cadaveric dissection, we encountered multiple Gantzer's muscles in a 60 year-old- formalin embalmed male cadaver. Along with the usual FPLah and FDPah described by Gantzer, we too observed an accessory muscle in relation to the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS). All the three anomalous muscles had a common origin from the under cover of the FDS fibers and by fibrous band above the insertion of brachialis. The presence of multiple additional muscles in the forearm flexor compartment is rare and clinically significant.
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Couzens, Greg, and Graham Kerr. "Anticipatory and Reactive Response to Falls: Muscle Synergy Activation of Forearm Muscles." Hand Surgery 20, no. 03 (September 21, 2015): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810415400067.

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We investigated the surface electromyogram response of six forearm muscles to falls onto the outstretched hand. The extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles were sampled from eight volunteers who underwent ten self-initiated falls. All muscles initiated prior to impact. Co-contraction is the most obvious surface electromyogram feature. The predominant response is in the radial deviators. The surface electromyogram timing we recorded would appear to be a complex anticipatory response to falling modified by the effect on the forearm muscles following impact. The mitigation of the force of impact is probably more importantly through shoulder abduction and extension and elbow flexion rather than action of the forearm muscles.
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Dai, Chenyun, and Xiaogang Hu. "Extracting and Classifying Spatial Muscle Activation Patterns in Forearm Flexor Muscles Using High-Density Electromyogram Recordings." International Journal of Neural Systems 29, no. 01 (January 10, 2019): 1850025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065718500259.

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The human hand is capable of producing versatile yet precise movements largely owing to the complex neuromuscular systems that control our finger movement. This study seeks to quantify the spatial activation patterns of the forearm flexor muscles during individualized finger flexions. High-density (HD) surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals of forearm flexor muscles were obtained, and individual motor units were decomposed from the sEMG. Both macro-level spatial patterns of EMG activity and micro-level motor unit distributions were used to systematically characterize the forearm flexor activation patterns. Different features capturing the spatial patterns were extracted, and the unique patterns of forearm flexor activation were then quantified using pattern recognition approaches. We found that the forearm flexor spatial activation during the ring finger flexion was mostly distinct from other fingers, whereas the activation patterns of the middle finger were least distinguishable. However, all the different activation patterns can still be classified in high accuracy (94–100%) using pattern recognition. Our findings indicate that the partial overlapping of neural activation can limit accurate identification of specific finger movement based on limited recordings and sEMG features, and that HD sEMG recordings capturing detailed spatial activation patterns at both macro- and micro-levels are needed.
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Mewes, K., and P. D. Cheney. "Facilitation and suppression of wrist and digit muscles from single rubromotoneuronal cells in the awake monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 1965–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.6.1965.

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1. The output effects of 214 cells in the magnocellular red nuclei of two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were tested with spike-triggered averaging of electromyogram (EMG) activity from six forearm extensor and six flexor muscles. The monkeys performed an alternating wrist movement task (auxotonic paradigm) or generated wrist torque trajectories alternating between flexion and extension (isometric paradigm). 2. Sixty-five cells (30%) were identified as rubromotoneuronal (RM) cells on the basis of their postpike effects on forearm flexor and extensor muscles. Three major types of RM cell output organization were identified: 1) pure facilitation (28 cells), 2) reciprocal (18 cells), and 3) cofacilitation (16 cells). 3. RM cell output showed a strong preference for facilitation of extensor forearm muscles. This preference was reflected in the fact that 69% (43 of 62) of RM cells facilitated extensors exclusively or most strongly; 27% facilitated flexors exclusively or most strongly; and 5% facilitated flexors and extensors equally. Postspike facilitation (PSpF) was observed in 45% of the extensor muscles and 20% of the flexors tested. In contrast, postpike suppression (PSpS) was observed in 3% of the extensors and 7% of the flexors. 4. The mean number of extensors facilitated per RM cell was 3.1 (53% of tested) compared with 2.8 (51% of tested) flexors facilitated per cell. The extensor and flexor PSpS muscle field sizes were both 2.0 (35% of extensors and 36% of flexors tested). The mean number of muscles facilitated by cofacilitation cells was 5.8 (48%) per cell. No clear preference was found for facilitation of particular combinations of synergist muscles. 5. PSpF magnitude was assessed by measuring both the percent change of facilitation or suppression from baseline and the signal-to-noise ratio of effects. The overall average magnitudes of RM PSpF and PSpS were 4.1 +/- 2.0 and 4.0 +/- 2.3% change from baseline, respectively. The average magnitude of PSpF in flexors was not significantly different from that of extensors; neither was there a difference in the average magnitude of PSpS in flexors and extensors. 6. The mean onset latency of RM cell PSpS was greater than PSpF (9.2 +/- 3.0 vs. 5.7 +/- 1.8 ms; P less than or equal to 0.05). This can be attributed to an underlying minimal disynaptic linkage to motoneurons for suppression effects, whereas most PSpFs are probably mediated by underlying monosynaptic connections. The mean onset latency of flexor PSpFs was greater than that of extensors (6.4 +/- 2.3 vs. 5.4 +/- 1.5 ms; P less than or equal to 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Vallence, Ann-Maree, Geoffrey R. Hammond, and Karen T. Reilly. "Increase in flexor but not extensor corticospinal motor outputs following ischemic nerve block." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 12 (June 15, 2012): 3417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01118.2010.

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Human motor cortex is capable of rapid and long-lasting reorganization, evident globally, as shifts in body part representations, and at the level of individual muscles as changes in corticospinal excitability. Representational shifts provide an overview of how various body parts reorganize relative to each other but do not tell us whether all muscles in a given body part reorganize in the same manner and to the same extent. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides information about individual muscles and can therefore inform us about the uniformity of plastic changes within a body part. We used TMS to investigate changes in corticospinal excitability of forearm flexors and extensors after inflation of a tourniquet around the wrist. Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes and input/output (I/O) curves were obtained from wrist flexors and extensors simultaneously before and during block. TMS was delivered to the optimal site for eliciting MEPs in flexors in experiment 1, extensors in experiment 2, and both flexors and extensors in experiment 3. In all experiments flexor MEP amplitude increased during block while extensor MEP amplitude showed no systematic change, and the slope of flexor but not extensor I/O curves increased. Flexor H-reflex amplitude normalized to maximal M wave showed negligible changes during block, suggesting that the increase in corticospinal excitability in the flexors cannot be completely explained by increased excitability at the spinal cord level. These findings show that forearm flexors and extensors differ in their potential for plastic changes, highlight the importance of investigating how experimentally induced plasticity affects anatomically close, but functionally distinct, muscle groups, and suggest that rehabilitation interventions aiming to alter cortical organization should consider the differential sensitivity of various muscle groups to plasticity processes.
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Hafez, S. "A report on the accessory head of Flexor Pollicis Longus and Variations of Forearm Musculature." Journal of Morphological Sciences 34, no. 02 (April 2017): 098–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.103616.

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Abstract Introduction: Gantzer's muscle has drawn attention from several authors owing to the possibility of interosseous nerve compression. This is a report of an accessory head of flexor pollicis longus (FPL, a variant of Gantzer's muscle) and a review of the variations of all muscles of the forearm. Materials and Methods: An accessory head of FPL was discovered in both the right and left antebrachial regions during a cadaver dissection. The muscle was dissected and photographed. Results: The anatomical variation I report is a slender conical muscle joining the FPL. Its origin merged with fibers of the flexor digitorum superficialis. It inserted into the upper part of the middle third of the forearm by joining the medial tendinous part of the FPL; this join was by means of a short cylindrical tendon. The reported muscle was innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve, which was seen to be present posterolateral to the muscle in both forearms. Conclusion: The described muscle might cause pressure problems to the underlying structures especially the anterior interosseous nerve. Variations must be considered during surgical intervention to avoid unintentional damage to healthy tendons. In addition, accessory tendons can potentially be useful in the repair or replacement of damaged tendons through surgical transfer or transplantation. Variations of muscles, especially accessory muscles, may mimic the behavior of soft tissue tumors and can result in nerve compressions. This collection of variations of the forearm musculature will be useful to surgeons in practice as well as students in dissection labs.
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Mustafa, Amal Yousif Ahmed Elhag, Abdullah Glil Alkushi, Wardah Abdullah Mohammed Alasmari, Ashraf Mohamed Elsayed Ali Sakran, and Asma Mohammed Elamin. "ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE ACCESSORY HEADS OF THE DEEP FLEXOR MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM (GANTZER MUSCLES)." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 4, no. 4.1 (October 31, 2016): 2984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2016.389.

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Rubin, G., R. Palti, S. Gurevitz, and B. Yaffe. "Free myocutaneous flap transfer to treat congenital Volkmann’s contracture of the forearm." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 40, no. 6 (March 24, 2014): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193414528850.

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The purpose of this study is to report our experience with free functional muscle transfer procedures for the late sequelae of the rare condition of congenital Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture of the forearm. Four children, with an average age of 9.5 years (range 1.5–17), were treated and were followed for a mean of 6 years (range 1–14). Two patients had dorsal forearm contractures, and two had both flexor and extensor forearm contractures. We carried out free functional muscle transfers to replace the flexor or extensor muscles. The functional result was assessed according to the classification system of Hovius and Ultee. All patients had wrist contractures and skeletal involvement with limb length discrepancy that influenced the outcome. All five transferred muscles survived and improved the function of the hand in three of the four patients. Level of evidence: 4
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flexor muscles of the forearm"

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Kawnine, Tanzim. "A Radial-Ulnar Deviation and Wrist-Finger Flexion Analysis Based on Electromyography." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Computer Science and Electronics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7329.

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This study is aimed to determine the electromyographic signals of the forearm, using Ag/AgCl electrodes. The four major muscles of forearm, which are providing the bioelectrical currents, have been displayed and analysed to determine the different activities. In order to record the signals, an EMG device has been developed and installed and a schematic has also been presented in this paper.

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Silva, Daniela Cristina de Oliveira. "Avaliação eletromiografica e força de musculos do membro superior em individuos submetidos a suplementação de creatina." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290900.

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Orientador: Fausto Berzin
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T18:13:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_DanielaCristinadeOliveira_D.pdf: 6119887 bytes, checksum: b62dec11acd94575dd460ba847dfc7a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: A eletromiografia de superfície é um instrumento potencial para estudos anatômicos, clínicos e cinesiológicos da atividade elétrica muscular e tem sido aplicada para identificar padrões de ativação muscular associados com força e fadiga muscular. A suplementação de creatina tem sido utilizada para aumentar a força e eficiência muscular, bem como diminuir o início da fadiga muscular. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a atividade eletromiográfica e força dos músculos bíceps braquial (BB), braquiorradial (BR) e flexor ulnar do carpo (FUC) em indivíduos submetidos à suplementação aguda e crônica de creatina. Vinte indivíduos do sexo masculino, idade 18-35 anos, treinados em exercícios resistidos (musculação), foram selecionados para este estudo duplo-cego, randomizado, placebo-controlado. Os voluntários foram divididos em dois grupos: creatina (5 g de creatina e 5 g de maltodextrina, n=10) e placebo (5 g de celulose e 5 g de maltodextrina, n=10). A suplementação foi ingerida quatro vezes ao dia durante os primeiros 7 dias, e uma vez ao dia durante os 49 dias subsequentes. Cada voluntário realizou contração voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM) de flexão do antebraço e com 30% e 60% da CVIM, antes e após 7 e 56 dias de suplementação. Os sinais eletromiográficos foram captados utilizando eletrodos de superfície passivos conectados a um pré-amplificador, registrados em um eletromiógrafo computadorizado, e analisados pelo software Myosystem-Br1. Uma célula de carga foi empregada para medir a força isométrica máxima durante os testes. Os dados eletromiográficos foram calculados pelos valores de amplitude (RMS - root mean square) e freqüência mediana (FM), e analisados por meio de curva de regressão linear, gerando coeficientes angulares de RMS e FM que foram considerados índices de eficiência e fadiga muscular, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo creatina exibiu aumento da força somente após 56 dias de suplementação (p < 0,05), enquanto nenhuma diferença foi encontrada no grupo placebo. Os músculos BB e BR mostraram decréscimo nos valores de coeficientes angulares de RMS após 7 e 56 dias de suplementação de creatina com 60% da CVIM (p < 0,05). Nenhuma diferença significante foi observada nos valores de coeficientes angulares de FM entre os tempos de suplementação para todos os músculos, em ambos os grupos e cargas. Assim, pode ser concluído que a suplementação crônica de creatina aumenta a força isométrica de flexão do antebraço. Além disso, tanto a suplementação aguda como a crônica de creatina melhoram a eficiência muscular de BB e BR apenas com cargas maiores, porém não tem efeito benéfico na redução da fadiga muscular de BB, BR e FUC, em qualquer intensidade de carga
Abstract: Surface electromyography is a potential tool for anatomic, clinic and kinesiologic studies of muscle electric activity and it has been employed to identify muscular activation levels associated with force and muscular fatigue. Creatine supplementation has been used to augment the strength and muscular efficiency as well to decrease the onset of muscular fatigue. This study aimed to analyze the force and electromyographic activity of biceps brachii (BB), brachioradialis (BR) and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles in subjects submitted to acute and chronic creatine supplementation. Twenty resistance-trained male volunteers, aged 18 to 35 years, were selected for this double-blind, controlled-placebo, randomized study. Volunteers were placed into two groups: creatine (5 g creatine and 5 g maltodextrine, n=10) and placebo (5 g cellulose and 5g maltodextrine, n=10). Oral supplementation was given 4 times per day during the first 7days and once a day in the 49 subsequent days. Volunteers performed maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) of forearm flexion and with 30% and 60% MIVC, before and after 7 and 56 days of supplementation. Electromyographic signs were captured using passive surface electrodes joined to a pre-amplifier, recorded in a computer-connected electromyography and analyzed by the Myosystem-Br1 software. A load cell was used to measure the maximum isometric strength during the tests. Electromyographic data were calculated by values of amplitude (RMS - root mean square) and median frequency (MF) and analyzed by linear regression curve, generating RMS and MF slopes that were considered muscular efficiency and fatigue indices, respectively. Results showed that creatine group exhibited an increase of strength only after 56 days of supplementation (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was found in placebo group. BB and BR muscles showed a decrease of RMS slopes after 7 and 56 days of creatine supplementation with 60% MIVC (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in MF slopes among times of supplementation for all muscles in both loads and groups. It can be concluded that the chronic creatine supplementation increases the isometric strength of forearm flexion. Also, both acute and chronic creatine supplementation improve the BB and BR muscular efficiency only with high loads, but do not have beneficial effect on reducing muscular fatigue of BB, BR and FCU, whichever the load
Doutorado
Anatomia
Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental
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Goodwin, C. N. "Vibration- and strech-evoked reflexes in human flexor carpri radialis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383131.

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Gariei, Manijeh. "The influence of warm-up on peak torque production of knee flexor and extensor muscles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0011/MQ36034.pdf.

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Zoellner, Anja. "Post-activation Potentiation : Effects on performance, tensile, and contractile properties of the plantar flexor muscles." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4531.

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Aim The present thesis aimsto provide scientific based evidence that might expand the limited information available regarding the post-activation potentiation (PAP) effects on the rate of torque development (RTD) and muscle activity during repeated isokinetic concentric maximal voluntary contractions(MVC). Additionally, we aim to provide new insights related to the possible effects that such repeated maximal contractions might have on the muscle tendon unit (MTU) stiffness. Methods Nine active participants were tested in two separate sessions. Participants performed plantar flexor supra-maximal twitches evoked via electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve and concentric MVC sat 60°/s. These were evoked/performed before and from 5s to 15 minutes after a 6s plantar flexion maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Twitch RTD and time to peak torque (TTP) were measured. Concentric MVC peak torque (PT), soleus, medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle activation, as well as RTD during different portions of the rising torque curve (e.g.50-100ms) were assessed. Passive stiffness index of the MTU was calculated using the torque-angle relation attained during the 5°/spassive ankle angle rotation that followed each maximal concentric contraction. Results TwitchRTD significantly increased immediately after the conditioning contraction (CC)and remained enhanced for 5s-8min, with increases of 59.7%-6.0%. Twitch TTP significantly decreased from 5s-1min postCC by 9.9%-2.0%. TTP then increased by 4.6%-2.2% from 3-8min. In the maximal voluntary concentric contractions, there was a significant increase of 5.7, 6.0 and 5.9% at 1.5, 3, and 5min respectively in the PT. Voluntary RTD showed significant increases during the 100-200ms, 50-200ms and 0-200ms phases. These increases were seen at 3min (7.3%), 1.5-5min (8.0-6.9%), and 1.5-5min (8.6-9.5%) respectively. Stiffness showed no significant changes and any changes in EMG do not appear to be due to PAP effects. Conclusions The results from the current study show that PAP affects voluntary performance at a lower angular velocitythan previously reported and in a time frame where twitch contractile properties were also potentiated. The lack of stiffness changes suggests that the acute effects might be mainly related to mechanisms within the muscle and that similar testing protocols should expect low interference from factors related to passive MTU stiffness changes.

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Tough, Murray William. "Low-intensity laser light and the recovery from exhaustive eccentric exercise in human elbow flexor muscles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ52956.pdf.

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Rojas, Martínez Mónica. "Analysis of forearm muscles activity by means of new protocols of multichannel EMG signal recording and processing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/124507.

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Los movimientos voluntarios del cuerpo son controlados por el sistema nervioso central y periférico a través de la contracción de los músculos esqueléticos. La contracción se inicia al liberarse un neurotransmisor sobre la unión neuromuscular, iniciando la propagación de un biopotencial sobre la membrana de las fibras musculares que se desplaza hacia los tendones: el Potencial de Acción de la Unidad Motora (MUAP). La señal electromiográfica de superficie registra la activación continua de dichos potenciales sobre la superficie de la piel y constituye una valiosa herramienta para la investigación, diagnóstico y seguimiento clínico de trastornos musculares, así como para la identificación de la intención movimiento tanto en términos de dirección como de potencia. En el estudio de las enfermedades del sistema neuromuscular es necesario analizar el nivel de actividad, la capacidad de producción de fuerza, la activación muscular conjunta y la predisposición a la fatiga muscular, todos ellos asociados con factores fisiológicos que determinan la resultante contracción mioeléctrica. Además, el uso de matrices de electrodos facilita la investigación de las propiedades periféricas de las unidades motoras activas, las características anatómicas del músculo y los cambios espaciales en su activación, ocasionados por el tipo de tarea motora o la potencia de la misma. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es el diseño e implementación de protocolos experimentales y algoritmos de procesado para extraer información fiable de señales sEMG multicanal en 1 y 2 dimensiones del espacio. Dicha información ha sido interpretada y relacionada con dos patologías específicas de la extremidad superior: Epicondilitis Lateral y Lesión de Esfuerzo Repetitivo. También fue utilizada para identificar la dirección de movimiento y la fuerza asociada a la contracción muscular, cuyos patrones podrían ser de utilidad en aplicaciones donde la señal electromiográfica se utilice para controlar interfaces hombre-máquina como es el caso de terapia física basada en robots, entornos virtuales de rehabilitación o realimentación de la actividad muscular. En resumen, las aportaciones más relevantes de esta tesis son: * La definición de protocolos experimentales orientados al registro de señales sEMG en una región óptima del músculo. * Definición de índices asociados a la co-activación de diferentes músculos * Identificación de señales artefactuadas en registros multicanal * Selección de los canales mas relevantes para el análisis  Extracción de un conjunto de características que permita una alta exactitud en la identificación de tareas motoras Los protocolos experimentales y los índices propuestos permitieron establecer que diversos desequilibrios entre músculos extrínsecos del antebrazo podrían desempeñar un papel clave en la fisiopatología de la epicondilitis lateral. Los resultados fueron consistentes en diferentes ejercicios y pueden definir un marco de evaluación para el seguimiento y evaluación de pacientes en programas de rehabilitación motora. Por otra parte, se encontró que las características asociadas con la distribución espacial de los MUAPs mejoran la exactitud en la identificación de la intención de movimiento. Lo que es más, las características extraídas de registros sEMG de alta densidad son más robustas que las extraídas de señales bipolares simples, no sólo por la redundancia de contacto implicada en HD-EMG, sino también porque permite monitorizar las regiones del músculo donde la amplitud de la señal es máxima y que varían con el tipo de ejercicio, permitiendo así una mejor estimación de la activación muscular mediante el análisis de los canales mas relevantes.
Voluntary movements are achieved by the contraction of skeletal muscles controlled by the Central and Peripheral Nervous system. The contraction is initiated by the release of a neurotransmitter that promotes a reaction in the walls of the muscular fiber, producing a biopotential known as Motor Unit Action Potential (MUAP) that travels from the neuromuscular junction to the tendons. The surface electromyographic signal records the continuous activation of such potentials over the surface of the skin and constitutes a valuable tool for the diagnosis, monitoring and clinical research of muscular disorders as well as to infer motion intention not only regarding the direction of the movement but also its power. In the study of diseases of the neuromuscular system it is necessary to analyze the level of activity, the capacity of production of strength, the load-sharing between muscles and the probably predisposition to muscular fatigue, all of them associated with physiological factors determining the resultant muscular contraction. Moreover, the use of electrode arrays facilitate the investigation of the peripheral properties of the active Motor Units, the anatomical characteristics of the muscle and the spatial changes induced in their activation of as product of type of movement or power of the contraction.The main objective of this thesis was the design and implementation of experimental protocols, and algorithms to extract information from multichannel sEMG signals in 1 and 2 dimensions of the space. Such information was interpreted and related to pathological events associated to two upper-limb conditions: Lateral Epicondylitis and Repetitive Strain Injury. It was also used to identify the direction of movement and contraction strength which could be useful in applications concerning the use of biofeedback from EMG like in robotic- aided therapies and computer-based rehabilitation training.In summary, the most relevant contributions are:§The definition of experimental protocols intended to find optimal regions for the recording of sEMG signals. §The definition of indices associated to the co- activation of different muscles. §The detection of low-quality signals in multichannel sEMG recordings.§ The selection of the most relevant EMG channels for the analysis§The extraction of a set of features that led to high classification accuracy in the identification of tasks.The experimental protocols and the proposed indices allowed establishing that imbalances between extrinsic muscles of the forearm could play a key role in the pathophysiology of lateral epicondylalgia. Results were consistent in different types of motor task and may define an assessment framework for the monitoring and evaluation of patients during rehabilitation programs.On the other hand, it was found that features associated with the spatial distribution of the MUAPs improve the accuracy of the identification of motion intention. What is more, features extracted from high density EMG recordings are more robust not only because it implies contact redundancy but also because it allows the tracking of (task changing) skin surface areas where EMG amplitude is maximal and a better estimation of muscle activity by the proper selection of the most significant channels.
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Falla, Deborah. "The application of surface electromyography for the assessment of cervical flexor muscle dysfunction in patients with neck pain /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17565.pdf.

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Jarque, Bou Néstor José. "Kinematic and muscular characterisation of the hand during activities of daily living." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668128.

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This thesis presents contributions to the kinematic and muscular characterisation of the hand during the activities of daily living (ADL). Orientation and position data of the rotation axes of metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints are provided, obtained in vivo using a robust optimization method. Multivariate statistical methods are used for dimensional reduction of kinematics by identifying synergies (and providing their temporal evolution during ADL and grasps), and to identify a minimum set of representative forearm areas of superficial muscle activity (sEMG) during ADL. The role of the muscles to perform different grasps is deepened, and a synchronized database of sEMG and hand kinematics in ADL is presented. Finally, the database is used in a preliminary study of the relationship between kinematics and sEMG during reaching and manipulation phases. The results can be applied in prosthetic control and functional evaluation.
Esta tesis presenta contribuciones a la caracterización cinemática y muscular de la mano durante la realización de actividades de la vida diaria (AVD). Se proporcionan datos de orientación y posición de los ejes de rotación de articulaciones metacarpofalángicas e interfalángicas, obtenidos in vivo aplicando un método de optimización robusto. Se utilizan métodos de estadística multivariante para la reducción dimensional de la cinemática identificando sinergias (y proporcionando su evolución temporal durante AVD y agarres), y para identificar un conjunto mínimo de zonas representativas de la actividad muscular superficial (sEMG) durante AVD. Se profundiza en el rol de los músculos para realizar diferentes agarres, y se presenta una base de datos sincronizada de sEMG y cinemática en AVD, sobre la que se acomete un estudio preliminar de la relación entre cinemática y sEMG en las fases de alcance y manipulación, con resultados de aplicación en el control de prótesis y evaluación funcional.
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Skelly, Donna Lynne. "Sub-clinical Neck Symptoms, Disability, Posture, and Muscle Function in Computer Users, and the Effect of Education versus Education and Deep Cervical Flexor Exercise." Diss., NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/54.

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Purpose: 1, to determine effect of education and exercise on neck pain, disability, cervical posture and muscle function in office workers with sub-clinical neck symptoms; 2, to determine differences in forward head posture in preferred and standardized posture, and 3, to explore the influence of time on work posture in a sub-group of office workers. Subjects: Sixty-six office workers with sub-clinical neck symptoms who utilize computers at least 4 hours per day participated. A sub-group of 27 were videotaped to assess posture over a workday. Methods: Videotaping was performed 15 minutes of the first and last hour of the workday for analysis of the craniovertebral angle. Cervical posture using the CROM was measured on all subjects in standardized and preferred positioning of the trunk and lower extremities. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: education only (EOG), education and exercise (EEG), or control (CG). Pre and post-test measurements of pain (Visual Analog Scale), disability (NeckDisability Index), forward head posture (FHP), and deep cervical flexor muscle function (Craniocervical Flexion Test and Short Neck Flexor Endurance Test) were assessed for change within group as well as differences between groups over the 8 week period. Results: No difference was found for FHP over 8 hours in the subgroup. FHP was greater in preferred position compared to standardized by 7.59 mm (95% CI 6.27-8.92, p<.001). Median and mean scores improved for all 3 groups on pain and disability with greater improvement in intervention groups. FHP was unchanged/slightly worse in the CG and EOG, and improved in the EEG. Muscle function improved for the EEG. Statistical significance was not found for change scores between groups. Posttest scores were statistically significant for the NDI between EEG (20.45) and the CG (34.47), p=.042, and between the EEG and the EOG (34.59), p=.023 using Kruskall Wallis with adjusted significance for pairwise comparisons. Discussion/Conclusions: Posture over the workday did not change, differences were found based on preferred and standardized positions. Exercise and education intervention for those with sub-clinical neck symptoms show promise but did not demonstrate significance improvement over controls in this study.
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Books on the topic "Flexor muscles of the forearm"

1

Maximum speed of forearm flexion practice effects upon surface EMG signal characteristics. 1985.

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The relationship between finger flexion force production and selected hand, forearm and body physique measurements. 1987.

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Bosworth, Brian J. The effect of forearm position on electromyography of the elbow flexors during rowing. 1997.

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E, Barr Ronald, Abraham Lawrence D, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A musculoskeletal model of the elbow joint complex. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Naqui, Zaf, and David Warwick. Bone and joint injuries of the wrist and forearm. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0004.

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The forearm is a complex quadrilateral structure linked by the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, ligaments, which include the interosseous membrane and triangular cartilage, and several obliquely orientated muscles. A displaced fracture or ligament rupture within this forearm is likely to involve other structures. Treatment requires anatomic recovery of stable function. The ulnar corner can sustain fractures or ligament ruptures which affect stable, pain-free, congruous forearm rotation. The distal radius may fracture after high- or low-energy trauma; anatomic reduction may not be essential in all; inaccuracy may lead to loss of rotation and ulnocarpal abutment but long-term arthritis is unusual. Children’s fractures are managed with consideration of remodeling potential. The scaphoid is vulnerable to non-union; plaster immobilization, early percutaneous fixation, and later bone-grafting all have roles. Salvage for osteoarthritic non-union may reduce pain but compromises function. Rupture of the carpal ligaments may cause substantial disruption and require complex reconstruction.
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The effect of toe and plantar flexor strength training on vertical jump performance of folk dancers. 1991.

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31-phosphorous, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of exercising human muscle. 1991.

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31-phosphorous, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of exercising human muscle. 1991.

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31-phosphorous, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of exercising human muscle. 1991.

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31-phosphorous, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of exercising human muscle. 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flexor muscles of the forearm"

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Fujioka, Masako, Ryotaro Kime, Shunsaku Koga, Takuya Osawa, Kousuke Shimomura, Takuya Osada, Norio Murase, and Toshihito Katsumura. "Comparison of Muscle O2 Dynamics at Different Sites of the Forearm Flexor Muscles During Incremental Handgrip Exercise." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 359–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1241-1_52.

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Schöffl, Volker R., Sebastian Klee, and Wolf Strecker. "Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of Forearm Flexor Muscles in Rock Climbers — Evaluation of Physiological Standard Pressures." In The Engineering of Sport 6, 269–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46051-2_48.

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Fabbro, Emanuele, Giulio Ferrero, and Alessandro Muda. "Flexor Muscles." In Ultrasound Anatomy of Lower Limb Muscles, 137–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14894-6_16.

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Raison, Maxime, Christine Detrembleur, Paul Fisette, and Jean-Claude Samin. "Assessment of Antagonistic Muscle Forces During Forearm Flexion/Extension." In Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, 215–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9971-6_11.

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Nakajima, Y., S. Yoshinari, and S. Tadano. "Surface Conduction Analysis of EMG Signal from Forearm Muscles." In IFMBE Proceedings, 1904–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92841-6_472.

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Andrews, Shawn, Ghassan Hamarneh, Azadeh Yazdanpanah, Bahareh HajGhanbari, and W. Darlene Reid. "Probabilistic Multi-shape Segmentation of Knee Extensor and Flexor Muscles." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 651–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23626-6_80.

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Lourenço, Miguel L., and Denis A. Coelho. "S-EMG of Forearm Muscles Activity in Conventional PC Mouse Use." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 439–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60366-7_41.

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Lung, Chi-Wen, Chien-Liang Chen, Yih-Kuen Jan, Li-Feng Chao, Wen-Feng Chen, and Ben-Yi Liau. "Activation Sequence Patterns of Forearm Muscles for Driving a Power Wheelchair." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 141–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60822-8_14.

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Wahab, A. F., C. K. Lam, and K. Sundaraj. "Analysis and Classification of Forearm Muscles Activities during Gripping using EMG Signals." In IFMBE Proceedings, 88–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3737-5_18.

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Eqbal, Azhar, Mohd Mukhtar Alam, Israr Ahmad, Abid Ali Khan, and Mohd Farooq. "Effect of Vibration Intervention on Forearm Muscles to Improve Grip Strength: A Systematic Review." In Design Science and Innovation, 401–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9054-2_45.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flexor muscles of the forearm"

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Murray, Wendy M., and Anca Velisar. "Passive Joint Coupling in the Forearm, Wrist, and Hand." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176691.

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Many muscles of the upper limb cross more than one joint. For example, each muscle that crosses the wrist also crosses at least one other joint. These muscles often have significant excursions at the other joints they cross [1]. The complex musculoskeletal anatomy of the upper limb results in passive mechanical couplings between joints; the passive moment produced about a given joint can be highly dependent on the positions of other joints [2]. This passive coupling can be clearly observed in the wrist and hand: when the elbow is flexed 90° and the forearm and hand are oriented so that gravity aids wrist flexion, the wrist rests in flexion and the fingers are extended. In contrast, supinating the forearm in this same elbow position (so that gravity aids wrist extension instead of wrist flexion) results in an extended wrist and flexed fingers.
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Endo, Yasuomi, Yukari Tanikawa, Shinpei Okawa, Kazuto Masamoto, Hidetaka Okada, Tomohiro Kizuka, Michio Miyakawa, Yoko Hoshi, and Yukio Yamada. "Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Tomography of Human Forearm Under Exercise." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44486.

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Light in the near-infrared wavelength range can penetrate deeping into biological tissues because the absorption by both water and hemoglobin is much smaller than in the other wavelength ranges. Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobins have different light absorption characteristics. Therefore, by obtaining tomographic images of the absorption characteristics, it will be possible to know the hemodynamics inside deep tissues. Thus, the diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is expected as a new modality of biomedical imaging. In this study, we try to obtain DOT images of the forearms by conducting two types of exercise, and their differences caused by the muscle activity are discussed. By comparing the reconstructed DOT images with the magnetic resonance images of the forearm at the same position, the activated muscles can be identified in detail. As a result, the hemodynamics in the dominant muscles when performing flexion and extension of wrist are observed.
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Canfield, Stephen L., Anthony J. Ganino, Robert J. Salerno, and Charles F. Reinholtz. "Singularity and Dexterity Analysis of the Carpal Wrist." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/mech-1156.

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Abstract This paper further explores the potential advantages of a symmetric, parallel-actuated pointing device known as the “Carpal wrist.” Much like its natural counterpart, the Carpal wrist has eight primary links, corresponding to the eight carpal bones of the human wrist, a parallel actuation scheme, similar to the flexor and extensor carpi muscles along the forearm, and an open interior passage, which forms a protected tunnel for routing hoses and electrical cables. The Carpal wrist also has the significant advantages of possessing closed form forward and inverse kinematic solutions and a large, dexterous workspace that is free of interior singularities (either considered separately or as part of a manipulator arm). As a result of its symmetric, parallel architecture, the wrist has a large payload capacity and can easily be adapted to a variety of actuation schemes. One embodiment of the Carpal wrist is shown in Fig. 1.
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Borbely, Bence J., and Peter Szolgay. "Estimating the instantaneous wrist flexion angle from multi-channel surface EMG of forearm muscles." In 2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2013.6679643.

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Marklin, R., G. Simoneau, and D. Cahaya. "257. Electromyographic Activity of Forearm Flexors and Extensor Muscles from Typing on Negatively Sloped Computer Keyboards." In AIHce 2000. AIHA, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2763595.

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Wilcox, M., L. D. S. Canas, M. Modat, J. Phillips, R. Hargunani, and T. Quick. "MRI Volumetric Assessment of Reinnervated Elbow Flexor Muscles Following Nerve Transfer." In ESSR 2020 Virtual Meeting. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722518.

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Pibul, Supompit Na, and Pornchai Phukpattaranont. "Comparison of force estimation using surface EMG from forearm muscles." In 2019 12th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmeicon47515.2019.8990226.

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Abas, N., W. M. Bukhari, M. A. Abas, and M. O. Tokhi. "Electromyography Assessment of Forearm Muscles: Towards the Control of Exoskeleton Hand." In 2018 5th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codit.2018.8394906.

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MajidiRad, AmirHossein, Yimesker Yihun, Jaydip Desai, and Nils A. Hakansson. "Simulation of Exoskeleton Alignment and its Effect on the Knee Extensor and Flexor Muscles." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856640.

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Schaller, Marcus, Seyed Mostafa Rezayat Sorkhabadi, and Wenlong Zhang. "Robotic Shoe: An Ankle Assistive Device for Gait Plantar Flexion Assistance." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9058.

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Abstract Gait disorders can be attributed to a variety of factors including aging, injury, and neurological disorders. A common disorder involves the ankle push-off phase of an individual’s gait, which is vital to their ability to walk and propel themselves forward. During the ankle push-off stage, plantar flexor muscles are required to provide a large amount of torque to propel the heel off the ground, thus a condition that compromises the strength of these muscles can greatly affect one’s walking ability. In order to rectify these issues, Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFO) are used to provide support to a user’s ankle and assist with the force needed for heel off. This article introduces a robotic AFO which was developed with the intent of aiding during the heel-off stage. The proposed design utilizes the user’s body weight to extend constant force springs positioned parallel to the calf to replicate the muscular force generated in plantar flexion. The extended spring is held in place using a ratcheting mechanism which is released with a solenoid during heel up. Similar research has been conducted in which assistive AFO’s have been created, however little research has investigated the use of constant force springs in such devices. A healthy user tested the device on a treadmill and surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors were placed on the user’s plantar flexor muscles to monitor potential reductions in muscular activity resulting from the assistance provided by the AFO device. The data demonstrates the robotic shoe was able to assist during the heel-off stage and reduced activation in the plantar flexor muscles was evident from the EMG data collected.
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