Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / FlexRay protocol / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: FlexRay protocol.

Journal articles on the topic 'FlexRay protocol'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'FlexRay protocol.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Liu, Chu, and Feng Luo. "FlexRay Protocol Controller Conformance Test Implementation." International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering 8, no. 3 (2016): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijcee.2016.8.3.250-258.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Zhou, Qi Shu, Jie Luo, and Yan Lin Ji. "Design of DC Motor Speed Control System Based on FlexRay Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1373.

Full text

Abstract:

Nowadays, communication protocols are used in safety-critical automotive applications. Among the communication protocols, FlexRay, with real-time and reliable characters, is expected to become the communication backbone for future automotive systems. Therefore, a DC motor speed control system based on FlexRay network is presented in this paper to verify these characters. The following works have been done in this paper: study the FlexRay protocol specification, design the structure, programming, analyze the test results to get transmission delay time. Using the test system, FlexRay network was verified that message can be transferred quickly and correctly.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Chen, Zhong Wei, Xiao Xia Li, Song Yang Du, and Liang Xiang. "Research on FlexRay Bus Software Testing Technology Based on Data Acquisition and Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 2807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.2807.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper mainly introduces FlexRay, a high speed, real-time and high reliability bus technology, and researches network topology structure and network communication protocol of FlexRay bus. Then this paper points out that the premise of analyzing FlexRay protocol is catching the bus data transmission, and designs a data acquisition and analysis system with FreeMASTER software and Tektronix TDS3012B digital phosphor oscilloscope. In order to verify the accuracy of the software FlexRay interface design, this paper also describes the analysis and verification procedure of the timing sequence of FlexRay bus. Lastly, this paper reminds of the application prospect of this system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bian, Yong Ming, Jia Jiang, Xin Ming Xu, Li Jing Zhu, Fang Wei Zhao, and Ben Jin. "Application Research of FlexRay Communication Protocol in Engineering Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1616.

Full text

Abstract:

The structure and control system of full electric driven loader after electrified modification are introduced firstly. The main technical parameters of the modified loader are described. The feasibility of the application and major programme of the FlexRay communication protocol in full electric driven loader are discussed. Finally, the corresponding designing and controlling schemes are given to the main controller and minor controller, the design plan for the control system of engineering vehicle is proposed, and the performance of the engineering vehicle using FlexRay is analyzed, which provide solid theory and experiment support for the FlexRay application in engineering vehicle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Pop, Traian, Paul Pop, Petru Eles, Zebo Peng, and Alexandru Andrei. "Timing analysis of the FlexRay communication protocol." Real-Time Systems 39, no. 1-3 (October 20, 2007): 205–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11241-007-9040-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Peng, Jian Kun, Hong Wen He, and Deng Pan. "Design on Electric Vehicle Battery Management System with FlexRay Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.784.

Full text

Abstract:

FlexRay bus is considered as a more promising bus in the future with the performance of real-time, scalable, and fault-tolerant. In this paper we will design an electric vehicle battery management system (BMS) based on FlexRay bus, including the hardware design, the SoC estimation method, FlexRay protocol design and software development. The test bench experiment results show the system design is reasonable and feasible.Keywords- FlexRay, BMS, Li-ion battery,SoC, Design

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ou, Zhou, and Xiao Peng Xie. "Research on In-Vehicle FlexRay Bus Network Nodes." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1325.

Full text

Abstract:

Network node designs of hardware system and software system based on in-vehicle FlexRay Bus were put forward. Structure and theory of node’s MCU, communication controller and Bus drive were analyzed. The simplest system of FlexRay Bus node was structured, and main files program, clock program, interruption program, and FlexRay Bus communication program were configured. The operation status of FlexRay Bus protocol was analyzed, and programs of receiving and transmitting data were designed. The experimental system based on MC9S12XF512 was established, and in development environment of CodeWarrior IDE, FlexRay Bus networks nodes communication was accomplished based on TDMA and FTDMA mechanism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Yang, Jae-Sung, Jee-Hun Park, Suk Lee, Kyung-Chang Lee, and GwangHo Choi. "Study on Automatic Generation of Platform Configuration Register in FlexRay Protocol." IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2012): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14372/iemek.2012.7.1.041.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Gordon, Steven, and San Choosang. "Verification of the FlexRay Transport Protocol for AUTOSAR In-Vehicle Communications." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2010 (December 27, 2010): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/238518.

Full text

Abstract:

The FlexRay Transport Protocol (FrTp) is designed to support reliable and efficient communication between various computers embedded in vehicles. It uses a standardised FlexRay communication bus and introduces a go-back-N style retransmission algorithm. A formal modelling language, Coloured Petri nets (CPN), has been applied to verify the protocol design. Separate CPN models of the FrTp service and protocol are developed and with state space analysis-used to prove for selected configurations that FrTp is deadlock-free and conforms to the service specification when transferring a single-protocol data unit from sender to receiver. In addition, closed-form solutions relating the state space size, retransmission limit, and number of segments are found, giving increased confidence that FrTp is error-free, even for configurations where the state explosion problem arises.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Schmidt, E. G., and K. Schmidt. "Message Scheduling for the FlexRay Protocol: The Dynamic Segment." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 58, no. 5 (2009): 2160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2008653.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Schmidt, K., and E. G. Schmidt. "Message Scheduling for the FlexRay Protocol: The Static Segment." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 58, no. 5 (2009): 2170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2008654.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Kang, Seung-Yeop, Ji-Hun Jung, and Sung-Ju Park. "A Vehicle SoC Fault Diagnosis Technique using FlexRay Protocol." Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information 21, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2016.21.1.039.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

He, Xin, Jia’nan Wu, Hongde Deng, Zean Zhen, and Chenyang Liu. "Design Scheme of Communication Node Based on FlexRay Bus." MATEC Web of Conferences 214 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821401001.

Full text

Abstract:

As a high-speed and reliable serial communication bus, the FlexRay bus has gradually become the mainstream of vehicle network systems. In order to verify the feasibility of the bus technology in aerospace applications, this paper designs a FlexRay communication node based on TI's high-performance microcontroller TMS570LS3137 for security systems. In the whole system, with the DSP of core, the FlexRay communication protocol is achieved by using the bus controller TJA1080 to carry out data transmission. This method is suitable for data transmission of pint and medium-sized UAV (unmanned air vehicles) flight control system with high integration and high transmission rate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

da Silva, João M. G., Carlos E. Pereira, and Thiago J. Michelin. "Performance Analysis of Distributed Control Systems Using the FlexRay Protocol." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 47, no. 3 (2014): 5252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.02822.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kim, Bonjun, and Kiejin Park. "Probabilistic delay model of dynamic message frame in flexray protocol." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 55, no. 1 (February 2009): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2009.4814417.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Liu, Meng-Zhuo, Yi-Hu Xu, Yu-Jing Wu, and Yi-Nan Xu. "Research of Authenticated Encryption Security Protocol for FlexRay In-vehicle Network." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 10, no. 5 (2018): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2018.v10.1221.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Milbredt, Paul, Efim Schick, and Michael Hübner. "Energy Efficiency Due to a Common Global Timebase—Synchronizing FlexRay to 802.1AS Networks as a Foundation." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 8, no. 3 (August 17, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea8030026.

Full text

Abstract:

Modern automotive control applications require a holistic time-sensitive development. Nowadays, this is achieved by technologies specifically designed for the automotive domain, like FlexRay, which offer a fault-tolerant time synchronization mechanism built into the protocol. Currently, the automotive industry adopts the Ethernet within the car, not only for embedding consumer electronics, but also as a fast and reliable backbone for control applications. Still, low-cost but highly reliable sensors connected over the traditional Controller Area Network (CAN) deliver data needed for autonomous driving. To fusion the data efficiently among all, a common timebase is required. The alternative would be oversampling, which uses more time and energy, e.g., at least double the perception rates of sensors. Ethernet and CAN do require the latter by default. Hence, a global synchronization mechanism eases tremendously the design of a low power automotive network and is the foundation of a transparent global clock. In this article, we present the first step: Synchronizing legacy FlexRay networks to the upcoming Ethernet backbone, which will contain a precise clock over the generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) defined in IEEE 802.1AS. FlexRay then could still drive its strengths with deterministic transmission behavior and possibly also serve as a redundant technology for fail-operational system design.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Li, Yun-Hua, Qi Zheng, and Liman Yang. "Multi Hydraulic Motors Synchronized Control Based on Field Bus with FlexRay Protocol." Advanced Science Letters 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2012.2586.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Lee, Trong-Yen, I.-An Lin, Jun-Jie Wang, and Ju-Tse Tsai. "A Reliability Scheduling Algorithm for the Static Segment of FlexRay on Vehicle Networks." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 3783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113783.

Full text

Abstract:

FlexRay is a next-generation in-vehicle communication protocol which works in real time with flexibility. The most common applications in FlexRay are high bandwidth. X-by-wire applications, such as brake by wire and throttle by wire. However, there is no mechanism which can prevent transient faults in the application layer of FlexRay. If a transient fault occurs during driving, this would be very dangerous; therefore, we propose a fast reliability scheduling algorithm (FRSA) to improve the communication reliability of FlexRay. The proposed method reduces the probability of transient faults in one clock cycle by using a retransmission mechanism to recover the transient errors, and further improves computational complexity using the lookup table method to ensure system reliability. In this paper, we analyze a related literature to establish the system reliability constraints needed to evaluate the necessary time and slot usage, and the proposed cost function is used to evaluate the performance and efficiency when the number of messages is increased. Experimental results show that the proposed FRSA reduces execution time by an average 70.76% and cost by an average 13.33% more than the other existing methods. This method can be useful to others, especially regarding research about periodic time-triggered communication systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Zhao, R., G. H. Qin, H. P. Chen, J. Qin, and J. Yan. "Security-Aware Scheduling for FlexRay-Based Real-Time Automotive Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (June 13, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4130756.

Full text

Abstract:

FlexRay is a hybrid communication protocol tailored to the requirements of safety-critical distributed real-time automotive systems, providing support for the transmission of time-critical periodic frames in a static segment and event-triggered frames in a dynamic segment. With the development of intelligence and networking of vehicles, such systems are becoming increasingly connected to external environments; thus, security has become a pressing issue in system design. However, FlexRay-based architecture does not have direct support for secure communication. When deploying the security mechanisms on these architectures, a primary challenge is to guarantee the schedulability of systems, given the tight resource constraints and strict timing constraints. In this paper, we apply an authentication mechanism based on the delayed exposure of one-way key chains to protect the authenticity of messages on FlexRay and make a slight modification to reduce the authentication delay. On that basis, we propose a mixed integer linear programming formulation for solving the scheduling problem of FlexRay-based real-time automotive systems subject to both authentication mechanism constraints and other traditional design constraints. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method in system design and indicate the necessity of collaborative design between security and other functionalities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Groza, Bogdan, and Pal-Stefan Murvay. "Identity-Based Key Exchange on In-Vehicle Networks: CAN-FD & FlexRay." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 4919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224919.

Full text

Abstract:

Security has become critical for in-vehicle networks as they carry safety-critical data from various components, e.g., sensors or actuators, and current research proposals were quick to react with cryptographic protocols designed for in-vehicle buses, e.g., CAN (Controller Area Network). Obviously, the majority of existing proposals are built on cryptographic primitives that rely on a secret shared key. However, how to share such a secret key is less obvious due to numerous practical constraints. In this work, we explore in a comparative manner several approaches based on a group extension of the Diffie–Hellman key-exchange protocol and identity-based authenticated key agreements. We discuss approaches based on conventional signatures and identity-based signatures, garnering advantages from bilinear pairings that open road to several well-known cryptographic constructions: short signatures, the tripartite Diffie–Hellman key exchange and identity-based signatures or key exchanges. Pairing-based cryptographic primitives do not come computationally cheap, but they offer more flexibility that leads to constructive advantages. To further improve on performance, we also account for pairing-free identity-based key exchange protocols that do not require expensive pairing operations nor explicit signing of the key material. We present both computational results on automotive-grade controllers as well as bandwidth simulations with industry-standard tools, i.e., CANoe, on modern in-vehicle buses CAN-FD and FlexRay.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Jeong, YiNa, SuRak Son, EunHee Jeong, and ByungKwan Lee. "A Design of a Lightweight In-Vehicle Edge Gateway for the Self-Diagnosis of an Autonomous Vehicle." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 9, 2018): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091594.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper proposes a Lightweight In-Vehicle Edge Gateway (LI-VEG) for the self-diagnosis of an autonomous vehicle, which supports a rapid and accurate communication between in-vehicle sensors and a self-diagnosis module and between in-vehicle protocols. A paper on the self-diagnosis module has been published previously, thus this paper only covers the LI-VEG, not the self-diagnosis. The LI-VEG consists of an In-Vehicle Sending and Receiving Layer (InV-SRL), an InV-Management Layer (InV-ML) and an InV-Data Translator Layer (InV-DTL). First, the InV-SRL receives the messages from FlexRay, Control Area Network (CAN), Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST), and Ethernet and transfers the received messages to the InV-ML. Second, the InV-ML manages the message transmission and reception of FlexRay, CAN, MOST, and Ethernet and an Address Mapping Table. Third, the InV-DTL decomposes the message of FlexRay, CAN, MOST, and Ethernet and recomposes the decomposed messages to the frame suitable for a destination protocol. The performance analysis of the LI-VEG shows that the transmission delay time about message translation and transmission is reduced by an average of 10.83% and the transmission delay time caused by traffic overhead is improved by an average of 0.95%. Therefore, the LI-VEG has higher compatibility and is more cost effective because it applies a software gateway to the OBD, compared to a hardware gateway. In addition, it can reduce the transmission error and overhead caused by message decomposition because of a lightweight message header.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Abdellaoui, Zouhaira, and Salem Hasnaoui. "DDS middleware on top of FlexRay networks: Simulink blockset implementation of electrical vehicle using FlexRay protocol and its adaptation to DDS concept." Soft Computing 23, no. 22 (December 17, 2018): 11539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-018-03694-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Xu, Yi-Nan, Meng-Zhuo Liu, Shi-Nan Wang, Yu-Jing Wu, and Yi-Hu Xu. "Research of Security Protocol and Data Compression Method for In-vehicle FlexRay Network." International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering 9, no. 1 (2020): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijcce.2020.9.1.18-32.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Jeong, YiNa, SuRak Son, EunHee Jeong, and ByungKwan Lee. "An Integrated Self-Diagnosis System for an Autonomous Vehicle Based on an IoT Gateway and Deep Learning." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071164.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper proposes “An Integrated Self-diagnosis System (ISS) for an Autonomous Vehicle based on an Internet of Things (IoT) Gateway and Deep Learning” that collects information from the sensors of an autonomous vehicle, diagnoses itself, and the influence between its parts by using Deep Learning and informs the driver of the result. The ISS consists of three modules. The first In-Vehicle Gateway Module (In-VGM) collects the data from the in-vehicle sensors, consisting of media data like a black box, driving radar, and the control messages of the vehicle, and transfers each of the data collected through each Controller Area Network (CAN), FlexRay, and Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) protocols to the on-board diagnostics (OBD) or the actuators. The data collected from the in-vehicle sensors is transferred to the CAN or FlexRay protocol and the media data collected while driving is transferred to the MOST protocol. Various types of messages transferred are transformed into a destination protocol message type. The second Optimized Deep Learning Module (ODLM) creates the Training Dataset on the basis of the data collected from the in-vehicle sensors and reasons the risk of the vehicle parts and consumables and the risk of the other parts influenced by a defective part. It diagnoses the vehicle’s total condition risk. The third Data Processing Module (DPM) is based on Edge Computing and has an Edge Computing based Self-diagnosis Service (ECSS) to improve the self-diagnosis speed and reduce the system overhead, while a V2X based Accident Notification Service (VANS) informs the adjacent vehicles and infrastructures of the self-diagnosis result analyzed by the OBD. This paper improves upon the simultaneous message transmission efficiency through the In-VGM by 15.25% and diminishes the learning error rate of a Neural Network algorithm through the ODLM by about 5.5%. Therefore, in addition, by transferring the self-diagnosis information and by managing the time to replace the car parts of an autonomous driving vehicle safely, this reduces loss of life and overall cost.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Aliwa, Emad, Omer Rana, Charith Perera, and Peter Burnap. "Cyberattacks and Countermeasures for In-Vehicle Networks." ACM Computing Surveys 54, no. 1 (April 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3431233.

Full text

Abstract:

As connectivity between and within vehicles increases, so does concern about safety and security. Various automotive serial protocols are used inside vehicles such as Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN), and FlexRay. CAN Bus is the most used in-vehicle network protocol to support exchange of vehicle parameters between Electronic Control Units (ECUs). This protocol lacks security mechanisms by design and is therefore vulnerable to various attacks. Furthermore, connectivity of vehicles has made the CAN Bus vulnerable not only from within the vehicle but also from outside. With the rise of connected cars, more entry points and interfaces have been introduced on board vehicles, thereby also leading to a wider potential attack surface. Existing security mechanisms focus on the use of encryption, authentication, and vehicle Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), which operate under various constraints such as low bandwidth, small frame size (e.g., in the CAN protocol), limited availability of computational resources, and real-time sensitivity. We survey and classify current cryptographic and IDS approaches and compare these approaches based on criteria such as real-time constraints, types of hardware used, changes in CAN Bus behaviour, types of attack mitigation, and software/ hardware used to validate these approaches. We conclude with mitigation strategies limitations and research challenges for the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Serfa Juan, Ronnie O., and Hi Seok Kim. "Reconfiguration of an FPGA-Based Time-Triggered FlexRay Network Controller Using EEDC." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 06 (February 22, 2018): 1850096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618500962.

Full text

Abstract:

Today, the demand of communication network, particularly in the automotive communication network, is experiencing a rapid evolution in terms of computing power and efficiency. The required standard should be faster and more reliable electronic vehicle systems. FlexRay is a time-triggered protocol that can cater these necessary specifications, especially for automotive applications such as advanced driver assistance systems. Also, any FPGA-based devices provide high performance to sustain the needs of higher functionality. This proposed controller uses a modified version of error detection code. Also, it is implemented in Xilinx Spartan 6 FPGA and can provide better functionality against existing controllers. Experimental results show a better performance in terms of data rate and reduction of resource utilization. Moreover, this implementation can represent an advancement in the FPGA-based system for vehicular applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Xiong, Wenjun, Daniel W. C. Ho, and Shifan Wen. "A periodic iterative learning scheme for finite-iteration tracking of discrete networks based on FlexRay communication protocol." Information Sciences 548 (February 2021): 344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2020.10.017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Chen, Ying Xue, and Zhi Gang Liu. "Wireless Communication in Vehicle Intelligent Network System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.1019.

Full text

Abstract:

Modern cars are integrated with more and more electronic devices, controllers, sensors, actuators, bring more convenience, comfort and safety to the driver. Therefore, complex functions have much higher requirement on communication network, with higher speed, so accelerate new type of vehicle network application, such as FlexRay, Ethernet, and etc. Wireless connection could provide a convenient and flexible topology, transport protocol solution, also could resolve vehicle electronic limit. This paper proposes vehicle network system architecture based on communication, including three types of wireless application on the network, covering three major direction, intelligent terminal connection, wireless diagnostic, telematics and some solutions on the key points specific. Description in the paper is already built to specification, and integrated in the test samples of the related electric control system on the demo car.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Souto, Pedro F., Paulo Portugal, and Francisco Vasques. "Reliability Evaluation of Broadcast Protocols for FlexRay." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 65, no. 2 (February 2016): 525–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2402216.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Lee, Trong-Yen, I.-An Lin, and Ren-Hong Liao. "Design of a FlexRay/Ethernet Gateway and Security Mechanism for In-Vehicle Networks." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030641.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), the Ethernet has become one of the most important communication protocols for the future of automotive networks. This is because the existing communication protocols (such as FlexRay) do not provide sufficiently high bandwidth requirements. The main challenge for the automotive industry will be to transfer and extend standard IP and Ethernet into vehicles and still fulfill the automotive requirements. The automotive gateway not only links two or more protocols and exchanges the data using each, but also monitors and ensures functional safety. This paper proposes a FlexRay/Ethernet gateway by considering the development conditions of embedded systems and the security in the field of vehicle networking. The proposed method is implemented on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) system to evaluate running time and to analyze the overhead of the security mechanism. For one-to-one mapping logic, the execution times of FlexRay to the Ethernet path and Ethernet to FlexRay path are constant, at 4.67 μs and 6.71 μs, respectively. In particular, cybersecurity can be integrated as an extension of the gateway with low latency and power consumption.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Garoushi, Sufyan, Lippo Lassila, and Pekka K. Vallittu. "Impact of Fast High-Intensity versus Conventional Light-Curing Protocol on Selected Properties of Dental Composites." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061381.

Full text

Abstract:

To study the influence of fast high-intensity (3-s) and conventional (20-s) light curing protocols on certain physical properties including light-transmission and surface wear of two nano-hybrid composite resins (Tetric PowerFill and Essentia U) specifically designed for both curing protocols. According to ISO standards, the following properties were investigated: flexural properties, fracture toughness and water sorption/solubility. FTIR-spectrometry was used to calculate the double bond conversion (DC%). A wear test using a chewing simulator was performed with 15,000 chewing cycles. A tensilometer was used to measure the shrinkage stress. Light transmission through various thicknesses (1, 2, 3 and 4 mm) of composite resins was quantified. The Vickers indenter was utilized for evaluating surface microhardness (VH) at the top and the bottom sides. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to investigate the microstructure of each composite resin. The light curing protocol did not show a significant (p > 0.05) effect on the mechanical properties of tested composite resins and differences were material-dependent. Shrinkage stress, DC% and VH of both composite resins significantly increased with the conventional 20 s light curing protocol (p < 0.05). Light curing conventional composite resin with the fast high-intensity (3-s) curing protocol resulted in inferior results for some important material properties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Uctasli, Mine Betül, Hacer Deniz Arisu, Lippo VJ Lasilla, and Pekka K. Valittu. "Effect of Preheating on the Mechanical Properties of Resin Composites." European Journal of Dentistry 02, no. 04 (October 2008): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697390.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the flexural strength and modulus of two commercial resin composites, at room temperature and 40, 45 and 50�C prior to light polymerization with standard and step-cure protocols.Methods: One nanohybrid (Grandio, VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), and microhybrid compositeresin (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were used. The materials were inserted into rectangular moulds at room temperature or preheated to a temperature of 40, 45 or 50°C and cured with standard or step-cure protocols with high intensity halogen (Elipar Highlight, 3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). Ten specimens were prepared for each preheating and light curing protocol. A three-point bending test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests (P<.05) to examine the effect of curing protocol and preheating. Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the correlation between tested mechanical properties and preheating.Results: There were no statistically significant difference between tested mechanical properties of the materials, curing protocols and temperature of the materials. No significant correlation was found between preheating and tested mechanical properties.Conclusions: The mechanical properties of the tested materials did not changed by preheating so the tested materials could be preheated because of the other potential clinical advantages like more adaptation to the cavity walls. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:263-268)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Silva, Fernanda P., Ana L. R. Vilela, Matheus M. G. Almeida, André R. F. Oliveira, Luís H. A. Raposo, and Murilo S. Menezes. "Surface Topography, Gloss and Flexural Strength of Pressable Ceramic After Finishing-Polishing Protocols." Brazilian Dental Journal 30, no. 2 (March 2019): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902101.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of different finishing-polishing protocols on surface roughness, gloss, morphology and biaxial flexural strength of pressable fluorapatite glass ceramic. Thirty ceramic discs (12x1 mm) were produced and divided into five groups (n=6): CT: control (glaze); DA: fine grit diamond bur; DG: DA + new glaze layer; DP: DA + felt disk with fine grit diamond paste; DK: DA+ sequential polishing with silicon abrasive instruments, goat hair brush and cotton wheel. The specimens were analyzed for surface roughness (Ra) under profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Gloss was measured with spectrophotometry and micromorphology with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Flexural strength was assessed by biaxial flexural strength test. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (a=0.05). DK showed the lowest surface roughness values and DA presented the highest in the perfilometer analysis. No significant differences were observed in the AFM for the CT, DG and DK groups, which presented the lower surface roughness; DA and DP had the higher Ra values. The DA, DP and CT showed the lowest surface gloss values, and the reflectance was significantly different from those observed for DK and DG groups. SEM analysis revealed the smoothest surface for DK group, followed by DG and CT groups; DA and DP groups exhibited variable degrees of surface irregularities. No significant differences were observed among groups for the biaxial flexural strength. The polishing protocol used in DK group can be a good alternative for chairside finishing of adjusted pressable fluorapatite glass ceramic surfaces.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Xu, Yi Nan, Yong Eun Kim, Kyung Ju Cho, Jin Gyun Chung, and Xinming Huang. "Implementation of FlexRay CC and BG protocols with application to a robot system." International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2010): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcaet.2010.029600.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Khatri, Narayan, Rakesh Shrestha, and Seung Yeob Nam. "Security Issues with In-Vehicle Networks, and Enhanced Countermeasures Based on Blockchain." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080893.

Full text

Abstract:

Modern vehicles are no longer simply mechanical devices. Connectivity between the vehicular network and the outside world has widened the security holes that hackers can use to exploit a vehicular network. Controller Area Network (CAN), FlexRay, and automotive Ethernet are popular protocols for in-vehicle networks (IVNs) and will stay in the industry for many more years. However, these protocols were not designed with security in mind. They have several vulnerabilities, such as lack of message authentication, lack of message encryption, and an ID-based arbitration mechanism for contention resolution. Adversaries can use these vulnerabilities to launch sophisticated attacks that may lead to loss of life and damage to property. Thus, the security of the vehicles should be handled carefully. In this paper, we investigate the security vulnerabilities with in-vehicle network protocols such as CAN, automotive Ethernet, and FlexRay. A comprehensive survey on security attacks launched against in-vehicle networks is presented along with countermeasures adopted by various researchers. Various algorithms have been proposed in the past for intrusion detection in IVNs. However, those approaches have several limitations that need special attention from the research community. Blockchain is a good approach to solving the existing security issues in IVNs, and we suggest a way to improve IVN security based on a hybrid blockchain.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Soares, Abeli Tuane dos Santos, Lilian Pinto Teixeira, and Simone Lara. "Desempenho isocinético de atletas de futsal sub-13 após a prática do protocolo Fifa 11+." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 26, no. 1 (March 2019): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/18000226012019.

Full text

Abstract:

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho isocinético da musculatura flexora e extensora do joelho de jogadores de futsal sub-13 após a prática de 18 semanas do protocolo Fifa 11+. Participaram 14 jogadores de futsal do sexo masculino com idade média de 12,58±0,66 anos. A avaliação da força foi realizada através do dinamômetro isocinético (Biodex System Pro 4™), nas velocidades de 60°/s, 180°/s e 300°/s, pré e pós-intervenção. O protocolo Fifa 11+ foi aplicado antes do início de cada treino regular, duas vezes por semana, durante 18 semanas, com duração aproximada de 25 minutos. Na análise pré-intervenção foi encontrada uma diferença entre o membro dominante e o não dominante superior a 10% no pico de torque de flexores e extensores a 60°/s e 180°/s, respectivamente. Já na análise pós-intervenção não foram encontradas tais assimetrias. Houve um aumento da relação agonista/antagonista no lado dominante na velocidade de 60°/s, pós-intervenção, aproximando-se do valor ideal proposto pela literatura (de 60%). Houve, ainda, aumento do desempenho isocinético dos atletas após a intervenção. Neste sentido, conclui-se que a aplicação de 18 semanas do protocolo Fifa 11+ promoveu uma melhora do desempenho isocinético das musculaturas extensoras e flexoras de joelho, além de diminuir as assimetrias musculares entre os membros em jovens atletas de futsal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Mandal, Tirupan, James M. Tinjum, Ahmet Gokce, and Tuncer B. Edil. "Protocol for Testing Flexural Strength, Flexural Modulus, and Fatigue Failure of Cementitiously Stabilized Materials Using Third-Point Flexural Beam Tests." Geotechnical Testing Journal 39, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 20140281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj20140281.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Marovic, Danijela, Matej Par, Ana Crnadak, Andjelina Sekelja, Visnja Negovetic Mandic, Ozren Gamulin, Mario Rakić, and Zrinka Tarle. "Rapid 3 s Curing: What Happens in Deep Layers of New Bulk-Fill Composites?" Materials 14, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030515.

Full text

Abstract:

This study assessed the influence of rapid 3 s light curing on the new generation of bulk-fill resin composites under the simulated aging challenge and depths up to 4 mm. Four bulk-fill materials were tested: two materials designed for rapid curing (Tetric PowerFill—PFILL; Tetric PowerFlow—PFLW) and two regular materials (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative—FIL; SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable—SDR). Three-point bending (n = 10) was used to measure flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM). In the 3 s group, two 2 mm thick specimens were stacked to obtain 4 mm thickness, while 2 mm-thick specimens were used for ISO group. Specimens were aged for 1, 30, or 30 + 3 days in ethanol. The degree of conversion (DC) up to 4 mm was measured by Raman spectroscopy. There was no difference between curing protocols in FS after 1 day for all materials except PFLW. FM was higher for all materials for ISO curing protocol. Mechanical properties deteriorated by increasing depth (2–4 mm) and aging. ISO curing induced higher DC for PFLW and FIL, while 3 s curing was sufficient for PFILL and SDR. The 3 s curing negatively affected FM of all tested materials, whereas its influence on FS and DC was highly material-specific.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Pinto, Palena A., Guillaume Colas, Tobin Filleter, and Grace M. De Souza. "Surface and Mechanical Characterization of Dental Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals (3Y-TZP) After Different Aging Processes." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, no. 6 (October 26, 2016): 1179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616011843.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractYttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) is a ceramic material used in indirect dental restorations. However, phase transformation at body temperature may compromise the material’s mechanical properties, affecting the clinical performance of the restoration. The effect of mastication on 3Y-TZP aging has not been investigated. 3Y-TZP specimens (IPS E-max ZirCAD and Z5) were aged in three different modes (n=13): no aging (control), hydrothermal aging (HA), or chewing simulation (CS). Mechanical properties and surface topography were analyzed. Analysis of variance showed that neither aging protocol (p=0.692) nor material (p=0.283) or the interaction between them (p=0.216) had a significant effect on flexural strength, values ranged from 928.8 MPa (IPSHA) to 1,080.6 MPa (Z5HA). Nanoindentation analysis showed that material, aging protocol, and the interaction between them had a significant effect (p<0.001) on surface hardness and reduced Young’s modulus. The compositional analysis revealed similar yttrium content for all the experimental conditions (aging: p=0.997; material: p=0.248; interaction material×aging: p=0.720). Atomic force microscopy showed an effect of aging protocols on phase transformation, with samples submitted to CS exhibiting features compatible with maximized phase transformation, such as increased volume of the material microstructure at the surface leading to an increase in surface roughness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

WILLIAMS, H. C., H. FORSDYKE, G. BOODOO, R. J. HAY, and P. G. J. BURNEY. "A protocol for recording the sign of flexural dermatitis in children." British Journal of Dermatology 133, no. 6 (December 1995): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb06930.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Polli, Gabriela Scatimburgo, Gabriel Rodrigues Hatanaka, Filipe de Oliveira Abi-Rached, Lígia Antunes Pereira Pinelli, Márcio de Sousa Góes, Paulo Francisco Cesar, and José Maurício dos Santos Nunes Reis. "Effect of Grinding and Resintering on the Fatigue Limit and Surface Characterization of a Y-TZP Ceramic." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 4 (August 2016): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600801.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of grinding protocols and resintering on flexural fatigue limit and surface characterization of LavaTM Y-TZP. Bar-shaped specimens (20×4.0×1.2 mm, n=40; 20×4.0×1.5 mm, n=80) were obtained. Half of the thinner specimens (1.2 mm) constituted the as-sintered group (AS), while the thicker ones (1.5 mm) were ground with diamond burs under irrigation (WG) or not (G). The other half of thinner and half of ground specimens were resintered (1000 ºC, 30 min), forming the groups ASR, WGR and GR. Fatigue limit (500,000 cycles, 10 Hz) was evaluated by staircase method in a 4-point flexural fixture. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Surface topography (n=3) and fracture area (n=3) were evaluated by SEM. X-ray diffraction data (n=1) was analyzed by Rietveld refinement. ANOVA revealed significant differences (p<0.001) for the grinding protocol, resintering and their interaction. Grinding increased the fatigue limit of non-resintered groups. There was no significant difference among the resintered groups. Resintering significantly increased the fatigue limit of the AS group only. Both protocols created evident grooves on zirconia surface. The failures initiated at the tensile side of all specimens. The percentages (wt%) of monoclinic phase were AS (8.6), ASR (1.2), G (1.8), GR (0.0), WG (8.2), WGR (0.0) before, and AS (7.4), ASR (6.5), G (3.2), GR (0.2), WG (4.6), WGR (1.1) after cyclic loading. Grinding increased the fatigue limit of non-resintered Y-TZP and formed evident grooves on its surface. Resintering provided significant increase in the fatigue limit of as-sintered specimens. In general, grinding and resintering decreased or zeroed the monoclinic phase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Henrique de Freitas, Fabio. "EFEITO DE DIFERENTES VOLUMES DE ALONGAMENTO ESTÁTICO NO VOLUME DE TREINO DO MEMBRO CONTRALATERAL." BIOMOTRIZ 14, no. 3 (November 16, 2020): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33053/biomotriz.v14i3.193.

Full text

Abstract:

Introdução: A educação cruzada é um fenômeno baseado no princípio de que o treinamento de um único membro é capaz de promover ganho de força do membro contralateral. Objetivo: Investigar a influência de diferentes volumes de alongamento estático de músculos isquiotibiais do membro dominante no desempenho de repetições e volume total de treino do membro contralateral não alongado. Métodos: Doze mulheres treinadas (68.33 + 6.00 anos de idade) realizaram os seguintes protocolos experimentais: Protocolo Tradicional (TR) – sem alongamento prévio e execução da cadeira flexora unilateral; Protocolo alongamento estático com volume reduzido (T60) e posterior execução da cadeira flexora unilateral; Protocolo alongamento estático com volume ampliado (T120) e posterior execução da cadeira flexora unilateral. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os protocolos testados. Observamos apenas diferenças significativas intra-séries, somente, nos protocolos T120 e TR. Conclusão: O alongamento estático passivo no membro contralateral não interferiu, nem de forma positiva nem negativa, no volume total de treino.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Cilingir, Aylin, Alev Ozsoy, Meltem Mert Eren, Ozge Behram, Benin Dikmen, and Mutlu Ozcan. "Mechanical properties of bulk-fill versus nanohybrid composites: effect of layer thickness and application protocols." Brazilian Dental Science 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i2.1719.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of high-viscosity, low-viscosity bulk-fill, and conventional nano-hybrid resin composite materials alone and when covered with nano-hybrid resin composite at different incremental thicknesses on the bulk-fill composites. Materials and Methods: Specimens (N=60) were fabricated from the following materials or their combinations (n=10 per group): a) conventional nano-hybrid composite Z550 (FK), b) high-viscosity bulk-fill composite (Tetric N Ceram-TBF), c) low-viscosity bulk-fill composite SDR (SDR), d) Sonicfill (SF), e) SDR (2 mm)+FK (2 mm), f) SDR (4 mm)+FK (4 mm). After 24 h water storage, compressive strength was measured in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). Additional specimens (N=40) (25x2x2 mm3) were made from FK, TBF, SDR and SF in order to determine the flexural strength and the flexural modulus, (n=10) and subjected to three-point bending test (0.5 mm/min). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane’s T2 post-hoc tests (p<0.05). Results: The mean compressive strength (MPa) of the nano-hybrid composite (FK) was significantly higher (223.8±41.3) than those of the other groups (123±27 - 170±24) (p<0.001). SDR (4 mm)+FK (2 mm) showed significantly higher compressive strength than when covered with 4 mm (143±30) or when used alone (146±11) (p<0.05). The mean flexural strength (159±31) and the flexural modulus of FK (34±7) was significantly higher than that of the high- or low-viscosity bulk-fill composites (p<0.001). The mean flexural strength of SF (132±20) was significantly higher compared to TBF (95±25) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bulk-fill resin composites demonstrated poorer mechanical properties compared to nano-hybrid composite but similar to that of SF. Increasing the thickness of low-viscosity bulk-fill composite (SDR) from 2 to 4 mm underneath the nano-hybrid composite (FK) can improve the mechanical properties of the bulk-fill composites. KeywordsBulk-fill composites; Compressive strength; Flexural modulus; Flexural strength; Mechanical properties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Gomes, Franklin De Deus, Wanessa Vieira, Leonardo Mendes de Souza, Gabriel Andrade Paz, and Vicente Pinheiro Lima. "Desempenho de repetições máximas após facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva aplicada nos músculos agonistas e antagonistas." ConScientiae Saúde 13, no. 2 (July 14, 2014): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v13n2.4816.

Full text

Abstract:

Introdução: Evidências prévias sugerem que o alongamento muscular pode interferir negativamente no desempenho de repetições máximas. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho de repetições máximas no exercício mesa flexora pós-facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP) nos músculos agonistas e antagonistas. Métodos: Vinte mulheres (21±2,32 anos) treinadas participaram do estudo. Primeiramente, foi realizado o teste e reteste de dez repetições máximas (RM) na mesa flexora. Em seguida, foram aplicados três protocolos: a) protocolo tradicional (PT) – sem alongamento prévio; b) FNPA – FNP aplicada nos antagonistas (extensores do joelho); c) FNPAT – FNP aplicada nos músculos agonistas (flexores do joelho). Em cada protocolo, foi realizada uma série na mesa flexora até a falha concêntrica (cargas de 10RM). Resultados: O número de repetições obtidos no FNPAT (14,35 ± 1,23) foi significativamente maior comparado ao FNPA (11,55 ± 1,39) e PT (9,8 ± 1,2). Conclusão: A FNP aplicada nos extensores do joelho (antagonistas) promoveu aumento significativo no desempenho de repetições máximas na mesa flexora (agonistas).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Chou, Chung-Che, Min-Chen Kuo, and Chung-Sheng Lee. "Cyclic flexural test and loading protocol for steel wind turbine tower columns." Thin-Walled Structures 166 (September 2021): 108093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108093.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

ArRejaie, AwsS A. "Flexural strength of dental porcelains with thermocycling and different firing protocols." Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2, no. 3 (2014): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1658-631x.142554.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Pereira, P. C., G. C. Nizzola, and R. N. Tango. "Effect of sandblasting protocols on flexural strength of Y-TZP ceramic." Dental Materials 28 (January 2012): e31-e32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.078.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Paulin, Cleiton Damião. "Protocolo anestésico para correção de deformidade flexural em potro: relato de caso." Revista de Educação Continuada em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia do CRMV-SP 15, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36440/recmvz.v15i2.37355.

Full text

Abstract:

Uma potra quarto de milha de 14 dias de idade e pesando 68kg foi encaminhada para o Hospital Veterinário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos para correção de deformidade flexural bilateral (carpo valgo) pela técnica de epifisiodese por parafuso em membros torácicos. No exame pré-anestésico, os parâmetros avaliados foram: frequência cardíaca (FC) – 120bpm; frequência respiratória (f) – 80mpm; desidratação – 0%; temperatura retal – 37,5°C; e palpação de pulso – forte e regular. A medicação pré-anestésica, foi realizada com detomidina (5μg/kg), via intramuscular. Após 15 minutos foi introduzido cateter 14G pela veia jugular, a paciente foi induzida à anestesia com propofol 1% (4mg/kg), IV, seguida de intubação endotraqueal e mantida sob anestesia inalatória com isoflurano. A seguir, foi realizado o bloqueio dos nervos ulnar, mediano e cutâneo medial do antebraço bilateral aplicando-se 5mL de lidocaína 2% (com vasoconstritor) em cada ponto. A fluidoterapia foi instituída com Ringer lactato na taxa de 3mL/kg/h. No período transanestésico, os valores referentes às variáveis estudadas (mínimo e máximo) foram: FC – 55 e 85bpm; ƒ – 10 e 20mpm; temperatura retal – 36,5 e 37,6°C; pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) – 40 e 65mmHg; pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) – 20 e 30mmHg; pressão arterial média (PAM) – 25 e 45mmHg; glicemia – 130 e 145mg/dL; saturação de oxihemoglobina (SpO2) – 92 e 99; CO2 respirado final (ETCO2) – 47 e 71; e V% – 0,7 e 1,3. O período anestésico foi de 90 minutos, nesse intervalo houve hipotensão (PAM<60mmHg), não respondendo à infusão contínua de dobutamina (0,2μg/kg/min) IV. O período de recuperação anestésica foi de 60 minutos, assistido manualmente, e não houve nenhuma intercorrência durante esse período. Conclui-se que o bloqueio dos nervos ulnar, mediano e cutâneo medial do antebraço foi eficiente para realização da técnica cirúrgica instituída, dado que a vaporização do anestésico inalatório se manteve abaixo dos valores referentes a 1 concentração alveolar mínima para a espécie.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Pereira, P. C., G. Nizzola, L. H. Silva, A. Arata, and R. N. Tango. "Influence of sandblasting protocols on flexural strength of a Y-TZP ceramic." Dental Materials 27 (January 2011): e69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.08.563.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!