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Journal articles on the topic 'Floating microballoons'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 14 July 2025

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Srivastava, Ankita, Ruchi Shukla, Kusum Sharma, Hitesh Jain, and D. B. Meshram. "Microballoons: A Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-s (2019): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3274.

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Oral route is most preferable and widely used route for the administration of drug. Microballoons becomes novel technology in pharmaceutical field in the floating drug delivery for achieving the gastric retention. Microballoons are also called as hollowspheres which are porous smooth in nature and thus show good floating properties in gastric fluid. Microballoons release the drug in controlled manner at the targeted site. Microballoons are spherical empty vesicles without core and that can remain buoyant in gastric region for prolong period of time without irritation in gastrointestinal tract. Multiparticulate particles having a low density system that can efficiently prolong the gastric retention time of the drugs, thus enhanced bioavailability and thus improve the dosing frequency. These are less soluble at higher pH environment. As microballoons delivery systems provide longer retention in gastric pH and enhance the solubility of drugs that are less soluble in high pH environment. The formation of cavity inside the microballoons depend on the preparation, temperature and the surface smoothness determine the floatability and the release rate of microballoons. Keywords: Microballoons, Gastro retentive drug delivery system, Hollowspheres, Controlled release

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Manivannan, Subramanian, Akshay M, Bhuvaneswari S, and Nify F. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE MICROBALLOONS OF ACEBROPHYLLINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 5 (2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.12603.

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ABSTRACTObjective: Gastroretentive dosage forms are an approach for prolonged and predictable drug delivery in the upper gastrointestinal tract to controlthe gastric residence time. Microballoons are considered as one of the most promising buoyant drug delivery systems as they possess the advantagesof both multiple-unit systems and good floating properties. Acebrophylline is a xanthine derivative with potent bronchodilator, mucosecretolytic, andanti-inflammatory property. It is used to treat bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.Methods: Microballoons of acebrophylline were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) andethyl cellulose (EC) as polymer. The microballoons were evaluated with their micromeritic properties, particle size, tapped density, compressibilityindex, angle of repose, percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy, entrapment efficiency, drug-polymer compatibility, scanning electron microscopy (SEM),and drug release kinetics.Results: The mean particle size of the microballoons formulation MB1 to MB6 containing HPMC and EC was in the range between 226±16 and 577±10,respectively. The mean particle size of microballoons was found to increase with increasing polymer concentration. The micromeritic properties werefound be good, and SEM confirmed their hollow structure with smooth and dense which helped to prolong floating to increase residence time instomach. The in vitro drug release studies showed controlled release of acebrophylline microballoons in the simulated gastric fluid more than 12 hrs.Conclusions: The results showed that the prepared floating microballoons of acebrophylline prove to be potential multiple-unit delivery devicesadaptable for safe and effective sustained drug delivery.Keywords: Microballoons, Acebrophylline, Bronchial asthma, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Ethyl cellulose.

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R. Lankapalli, Sasidhar, Vidyadhara Suryadevara, Sowjanya L. Battula, and Ramu Anne. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CAPTOPRIL CONTROLLED RELEASE FLOATING MICROBALLOONS." Indian Drugs 59, no. 08 (2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.59.08.11130.

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The objective of the present study was to develop floating microballoons of captopril in order to achieve an extended gastric retention in the upper GIT which may enhance the absorption and improve bioavailability. The floating microballoons were formulated with calcium silicate as porous carrier, Eudragit L100 and ethyl cellulose 7 cps as coating polymers and captopril as model drug. The prepared microballoons were evaluated for particle size, angle of repose, Carr’s index, buoyancy studies, drug content and for in vitro drug release. Based upon the dissolution data obtained and various physical parameters evaluated, formulation containing drug to polymer ratio at 1:9 was optimised and further trials were carried out by changing the parameters like temperature, rpm and surfactant concentration to obtain more uniform and stable microballoons. In the optimized formulation, the drug release form was at a steady state manner when compared to the other formulations. The floating drug delivery system of captopril is a promising alternative way of achieving prolonged release with potential for achieving enhanced absorption and bioavailability.

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Gurpreet, Kaur* Ashita Pawaiya Damandeep Kaur Rajat Kumar Sharma. "Microballoons- Novel Approach in Floating Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 12 (2024): 2293–309. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14501085.

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Recent developments in floating delivery systems for pharmaceuticals (FDDS), which included the uniform dispersion of multiparticulate dose forms along the GIT, led to the development of gastro-retentive floating microspheres. This may result in less chance of local discomfort and more reliable drug absorption. As a dose form with remarkable buoyancy in the stomach, microballoons (MB), a multi-unit prolonged release with a sphere-shaped hollow wrapped in a strong polymer shell, have been developed. Because stomach acid has a lower relative density than this preparation for limited intestinal absorption, it is designed to float on top of it.The emulsion solvent diffusion method and enteric acrylic polymers are used to create and fill microballoons with drugs in their outer polymer casings. For medications with site-specific absorption, microballoons drug delivery systems have proven to be more significant in regulating release rate. As a viable strategy for stomach retention, the floating microballoons demonstrated gastroretentive controlled release distribution with effective ways to increase the bioavailability. By reducing the frequency of dosages, floating microspheres can increase patient compliance and improve the therapeutic efficacy of medications with short half-lives. Improved absorption of medications that only dissolves in the stomach; buoyancy lengthens the duration that food is retained in the stomach. Solvent diffusion is used to create floating microspheres. Optimized hollow microspheres will play a key role in innovative drug administration, especially in safe, efficient, and targeted in vivo distribution, which holds promise as a possible strategy for gastric retention.

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Malik, Prashant, Upendra Nagaich, Raj Kaur Malik, and Neha Gulati. "Pentoxifylline Loaded Floating Microballoons: Design, Development and Characterization." Journal of Pharmaceutics 2013 (May 9, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/107291.

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The floating microballoons have been utilized to obtain prolonged and uniform release in the stomach. The objective of the present study involves design, development, and characterization of pentoxifylline loaded floating microballoons to prolong their gastric residence time. Pentoxifylline (trisubstituted xanthine derivative) loaded microballoons were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique using different concentrations of polymers like HPMC K4M and ethyl cellulose (EC) in ethyl alcohol and dichloromethane organic solvent system. Microballoons were characterized for their particle size, surface morphology, production yield, loading efficiency, buoyancy percentage, and in vitro drug release studies. From the characterization it was observed that increases in amount of polymers (HPMC K4M and EC) led to increased particle size, loading efficiency, and buoyancy percentage, and retarded drug release. The particle size, particle yield, loading efficiency, buoyancy percentage and in vitro drug release for optimized formulation (F3) were found to be 104.0±2.87 µm, 80.89±2.24%, 77.85±0.61%, 77.52±2.04%, and 82.21±1.29%, respectively. The data was fitted to different kinetic models to illustrate its anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion. The in vitro result showed that formulations comprised of varying concentrations of ethyl cellulose in higher proportion exhibited much retarded drug release as compared to formulations comprised of higher proportion of varying concentrations of HPMC K4M.

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Negia, Rakhi, Laxmi Goswamia, and Preeti Kothiyal. "Microballoons: A better approach for gastro retention." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 2, no. 02 (2014): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.2.2.17.

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The purpose of this review is to accumulate the recent study on floating drug delivery system with special emphasis on microballoons as drug delivery. Microballoons are emerging as the most promising drug delivery as it overcome many limitations of conventional drug delivery system. As microballoons delivery system provides longer retention in gastric pH, hence longer is the residence time and therefore enhance the solubility of drugs that are less soluble in high pH environment. The formation of cavity inside the microsphere depends upon the preparation temperature and the surface smoothness determines the floatability and the drug release rate of the microballoons. The review includes the classification, advantages, disadvantages, method of preparation and future aspects of microballoons. Basic anatomy and physiology of stomach is also studied.

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S., Supriya, and M. Swetha* Dr. "A REVIEW ON MICROBALLOONS." World Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 2, no. 4 (2023): 21–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10897607.

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Microballoons also known as hollow sphere drug delivery systems. These are typically spherical in size from 200 microns and do not have a core. They have a gastric retention drug delivery system (GRDDS), which can improve drug bioavailability and reduce stomach irritation. These floating microballoons have the convenience that they stay buoyant and circulate uniformly over the gastric ingredients to withhold the variations of gastric emptying and release the drug for extended period of time. It’s floating containing synthetic polymers that improves the processing of solid dosage forms such as tablets, capsules and powders. Due to the presence of hollow space inside the microballoons, these improve gastric drug therapy and gastric mucosal concentration which helps reduce drug residence time in the stomach. It is less soluble at higher pH. The formulation of these Microballoons depends on temperature, preparation and surface smoothness to increase the buoyancy of a good propellant as it uses a multiple unit system. It helps to treat peptic ulcers, chronic stomach problems and Rheumatoid arthritis.

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Penjuri, S. C. B., R. Nagaraju, S. Shaik, S. Damineni, and S. R. Poreddy. "GASTRORETENTIVE MICROBALLOONS OF RIBOFLAVIN: FORMULATION AND EVALUATION." INDIAN DRUGS 54, no. 04 (2017): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.04.10708.

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Gastroretentive dosage forms are useful to extend release of drugs having a narrow window of absorption in the upper intestine and for drugs degraded by higher pH or for drugs with local action in the proximal part of the GI tract. In the present study, an attempt was made to prepare microballoons of riboflavin by emulsion solvent diffusion method by using HPMC and ethylcellulose in order to extend the drug release in the upper GIT, which may result in enhanced absorption and thereby improved bioavailability. The size and surface morphology of riboflavin microballoons were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. FTIR and DSC studies revealed no drug excipient interaction. Average particle size of microballoons was found to be between 126.8±2.26 to 163.4±2.52 μm. Microballoons were found to be spherical in shape with smooth surface texture. Percentage yield of the microballoons was satisfactory. In vitro buoyancy of the optimized riboflavin microballoons was found to be 96.24±0.08%, indicating good floating in stomach. Cumulative amount of drug release from microballoons at the end of 12 hr was 99.78±2.78 % and followed Highuchi diffusion kinetics and super case II transport.

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Pandey, Chandra Prakash, and ,. Archana. "Development and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Mucoadhesive Microballoons of Esomeprazole to Treat Peptic Ulcer." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 4-S (2022): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4-s.5552.

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The Gastro-retentive medication delivery method may increase patient compliance by lowering drug plasma level fluctuations1. The absorption maxima (max) of esomeprazole magnesium in 0.1 N HCl solution were found to be at 291 nm. Correlation coefficient values better than 0.99 suggest that the calibration curves provide strong linearity data. The results showed that the medication was soluble in 0.1 N HCl and had the maximum solubility in water. Magnesium esomeprazole was found to have a partition coefficient of (0.2442). The prepared mucoadhesive microballons percentage yield was calculated, with a range of 88.2 to 96.5 percent. The shape and surface morphology of produced mucoadhesive microballons photographed using a scanning electron microscope. The effectiveness of drug entrapment was in the region of 81.71 % - 93.51 % . The swelling rate and percent mucoadhesion of Esomeprazole Magnesium mucoadhesive microballons ranged from 75.63 percent to 88.64 percent. The in-vitro buoyancy % of mucoadhesive microballons used to determine the floating ability of all formulations. All of the developed formulations were floated for at least 7 to 12 hours. The best formulations incorporate naturally occurring polysaccharide polymeric blends as Drug: HPMC: Carbopol 934 (1:1:1) that release more than 98.13 percent of the drug in a regulated and sustained manner in the stomach environment for up to 24 hours. Keywords: Gastroretention, mucoadhesive microballoons, Esomeprazole, HPMC, Carbopol

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Hajare, Pranit P., and Punit R. Rachh. "FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL GASTRORETENTIVE MICROBALLOONS OF REPAGLINIDE." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 12, no. 04 Suppl 1 (2021): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.s1202112421.

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The present study involves preparation and evaluation of Microballoons of Repaglinide which is having poor solubility in water and low oral bioavailability. Repaglinide, an oral hypoglycemic agent, is rapidly absorbed and eliminated from the body after oral administration. The peak plasma level occurs within an hour of oral administration with elimination half life of 1 hr. The objective of the present work is to prepare floating microballoons of Repaglinide for delivering the drug in controlled manner which will help to reduce dosing frequency and maintain the plasma concentration of drug for longer time without fluctuations. This will be helpful in having better control over clinical maintenance of the type 2 diabetic condition. The Microballoons were prepared by solvent evaporation emulsification technique using Sodium Alginate as coating agent and Calcium Chloride as cross-linking agent. The formation of spherical and hollow Microballoons was confirmed by SEM studies ranging from 220 to 310 μm. The percentage of drug entrapment was found to be 70-80%. The Micromeritic properties indicated better flowability of the spheres. The Buoyancy test showed good floatability for more than 12 hrs. Formulation B5, C5 and D3 showed higher buoyant percentage after 12 hours and percentage yield. Microballoons of Repaglinide were designed to increase the Solubility, Bioavliability and to improve the patient compliance. The microballoons with the smaller particle size enhanced the in vitro drug release of the Repaglinide. Thus, microballoons approach may be a promising carrier for Repaglinide and other BCS class II drugs.

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Biswas, Souvik, Sindhuja Sengupta, Padmanath Pegu, et al. "Design and Characterization of Aceclofenac-Loaded Microballoons using Eudragit with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 15, no. 1 (2025): 130–41. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i1.6971.

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Background: Drug delivery systems based on microballoons are one of the promising approaches for gastric retention, especially useful for drugs with site-specific absorption in the stomach. The microballoons are hollow, spherical particles under 200 micrometers, designed to float in the gastric environment. The Aceclofenac formulation of an NSAID is helpful with a half-life of 4–4.3 hours; this delivery form gives a sustained release and maintains constant plasma levels with enhanced bioavailability and decrease in dosing frequency. Methodology: Microballoons of Aceclofenac were prepared using Eudragit RS 100 and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose as polymers from the emulsion–solvent diffusion method. In this, the polymers impart stability along with a profile of controlled release. Here, the microballoons was evaluated for physical parameter and the release profile regarding average particle size, floatation percentage, entrapment efficiency, true tapped density, and percentage yield, and FTIR will be carried out on complexes of drug and polymer. Results and Discussion: The prepared microballoons exhibit excellent floating properties and uniformity in size, which aided in long gastric retention. High entrapment efficiency with controlled and sustained release of the drug for an extended period was obtained. FTIR studies indicated that Aceclofenac remained stable in the polymer matrix with no considerable chemical interaction between the drug and the polymers. Conclusion: This research shows promise in microballoons-based delivery systems that could maintain the release for a longer duration from the delivery device with respect to Aceclofenac, which enhances bioavailability and reduces dosing frequencies. Keywords: Aceclofenac, Microballoons, NSAID, Sustain Release Medication, Eudragit RS100, HPMC

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Ghosh, Bijaya, Arka Chatterjee, Moumita Das Kirtania, and Sankha Chattopadhyay. "Development of Cinnarizine Microballoons by Sequential Optimization and In Vivo Imaging by Gamma Scintigraphy." Current Drug Therapy 15, no. 4 (2020): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574885514666191119105908.

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Background: The drug cinnarizine is used in the treatment of vertigo and migraine. The main drawback is its very low water solubility which causes unpredictable bioavailability. Solubility is better in acidic pH. Therefore, gastro-retentive formulation would be beneficial to improve the bioavailability of the drug. Objective: The objective of the study was to prepare floating microballoons of cinnarizine which would float in the gastric fluid and release the drug in a sustained manner. Methods: Microballoons were prepared by diffusion solvent evaporation technique using polymers (Eudragit® S100, Eudragit® RLPO, Eudragit RL®100), characterised by FTIR, XRD, DSC and optimized by sequential simplex design. For optimization, formulations were graded with respect to formulation efficiency (percentages of yield, sphericity and drug content) and performance index (buoyancy and dissolution efficiency), from which the overall response of the formulations was determined. Finally, the optimized formulation was radiolabelled with 99mTc-MIBI and fed to Wistar albino rats and was evaluated for gastric retention by gamma scintigraphic study. Results: FTIR studies indicated drug and polymers were compatible. DSC and XRD analysis confirmed that the drug was in amorphous state in the formulation. SEM studies confirmed the sphericity of the microballoons. Formulation N7 showed the best overall response (65.61) which was the nearest to the target. Gamma scintigraphic study confirmed that the formulation was retained in the stomach for more than 5 h. Conclusion: The results indicated that floating microballoons of cinnarizine would stay in the stomach for prolonged period and thereby improve the bioavailability of the drug.

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Chavan, Payal B., Prashant S. Malpure, Gokul S. Talele, and Abhishek R. Kadam. "The Latest Advancements: A Comprehensive Review of Microballoons for Enhanced Gastroretention." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 12, no. 3 (2024): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1425.

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Because of their potential to remain in the gastric region for extended periods of time, gastro-retentive drug delivery methods hold great promise in oral treatment. This improves medication solubility, resulting in increased bioavailability and decreased drug waste. To achieve gastro-retentive qualities, various ways have been proposed, with microballoons in the form of hollow microspheres being a commonly investigated possibility. These microballoons, which are hollow spherical particles with no central core and have a size of less than 200 micrometers, provide an excellent method of managing medication release with site-specific absorption. Floating microballoons release via gastro-retentive mechanisms, effectively increasing bioavailability and providing a viable remedy for stomach retention. Hollow microspheres with optimized properties have the potential to revolutionize new drug delivery, particularly for secure, targeted, and efficient in vivo delivery. They represent a promising approach to gastric retention, reducing variability in plasma drug concentrations. This review provides insights into recent advances in formulation methods, evaluation techniques, the use of polymers in microballoons, and their applications as gastro-retentive drug delivery systems with controlled release capabilities.

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Tomer, Kajal, and Dilip Kumar Gupta. "FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING MICROBALLOONS OF POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE DRUG DIACEREIN." International Research Journal Of Pharmacy 15, no. 5 (2021): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1205134.

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The drug can be released in a controlled manner using a gastro retentive dosage type. The main focus on the novel technological advances in the floating drug delivery method for gastric retention. The preparation of diacerein micro balloon is done by solvent diffusion method, using acrylic polymer like Eudragit S 100 and HPMC K4 M. The various evaluation of the prepared floating microsphere like its % yield, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size in-vitro dissolution, buoyancy, was studied. The floating microsphere was found to be spherical and range from 85 μm - 192 μm. Whereas the buoyancy in gastric mucosa between the range 30.5% -49.5%. The % yield and % entrapment efficiency were found under the range 61% - 82% and 45.1–84.1% respectively. The microsphere showed favorable in-vitro dissolution 76.8 to 94.45. The optimized formulation was found based on evaluation of floating micro-balloons, Formulation (M3E3) showed the best result as particle size 192 μm, DDE 84.1%, in vitro drug release 94.5%, and in vitro buoyancy 49.5%. all the formulations showed controlled release up to 24 hours.

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Yusuf, Felix Sunday. "FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF FLOATING MICROBALLOONS OF STAVUDINE." Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 1, no. 1 (2016): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ujpr.v1i1.r3.

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Vidyadhara, Suryadevara. "Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled Release Floating Microballoons of Stavudine." Scientia Pharmaceutica 83, no. 4 (2015): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1501-07.

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Uroko, Robert Ikechukwu. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF RITONAVIR HOLLOW MICROBALLOONS FOR FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY." Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2, no. 2 (2017): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ujpr.v2i2.r3.

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Yang, Zhenqiu, Baozhen Song, Qiaoxia Li, Honglei Fan, and Fan Ouyang. "Preparation of microspheres with microballoons inside for floating drug-delivery systems." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 94, no. 1 (2004): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20856.

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Dr., Shayeda*, Munija Pancheddula Dr., Mithila Malagam, and Ajay Kumar Chittipolu. "DEVELOPMENT, IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF RISEDRONATE SODIUM FLOATING MICROBALLOONS." World Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 4, no. 1 (2025): 415–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14787084.

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Yadav, Akash. "Formulation development and characterization of propranolol hydrochloride microballoons for gastroretentive floating drug delivery." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5, no. 15 (2011): 1801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp11.525.

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Marbaniang, Daphisha, Ratna Jyoti Das, Paulami Pal, et al. "Extended Release Floating Microballoons Containing Clerodendrum colebrookianum Extract: in vitro in vivo Evaluation." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 53, no. 3s (2019): s246—s254. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.53.3s.94.

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Ramachandran, S., S. Shaheedha, G. Thirumurugan, and M. Dhanaraju. "Floating Controlled Drug Delivery System of Famotidine Loaded Hollow Microspheres (Microballoons) in the Stomach." Current Drug Delivery 7, no. 1 (2010): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720110790396436.

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Jain, Aviral, Ekta Gurnany, and Rahul Jain. "Preparation and characterization of gastro-retentive floating microballoons of acrycoat S-100 bearing carvedilol." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics 9, no. 2 (2015): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.154710.

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Varshosaz, J., M. Tabbakhian, and M. Zahrooni. "Development and characterization of floating microballoons for oral delivery of cinnarizine by a factorial design." Journal of Microencapsulation 24, no. 3 (2007): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652040601162723.

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Dube, T. S., N. S. Ranpise, and A. N. Ranade. "Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Microballoons Containing Baclofen for a Floating Oral Controlled Drug Delivery System." Current Drug Delivery 11, no. 6 (2014): 805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201811666140414113838.

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Sato, Yasunori, Yoshiaki Kawashima, Hirofumi Takeuchi, Hiromitsu Yamamoto, and Yasuhisa Fujibayashi. "Pharmacoscintigraphic evaluation of riboflavin-containing microballoons for a floating controlled drug delivery system in healthy humans." Journal of Controlled Release 98, no. 1 (2004): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.04.021.

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Jain, Akash, Vikas Pandey, Aditya Ganeshpurkar, Nazneen Dubey, and Divya Bansal. "Formulation and characterization of floating microballoons of Nizatidine for effective treatment of gastric ulcers in murine model." Drug Delivery 22, no. 3 (2014): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2014.891273.

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Awasthi, Rajendra, and Giriraj T. Kulkarni. "Development and characterization of amoxicillin loaded floating microballoons for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori induced gastric ulcer." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 3 (2013): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2013.07.023.

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Sato, Yasunori, Yoshiaki Kawashima, Hirofumi Takeuchi, and Hiromitsu Yamamoto. "In vivo evaluation of riboflavin-containing microballoons for floating controlled drug delivery system in healthy human volunteers." Journal of Controlled Release 93, no. 1 (2003): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00370-5.

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Sato, Yasunori, Yoshiaki Kawashima, Hirofumi Takeuchi, and Hiromitsu Yamamoto. "In vitro evaluation of floating and drug releasing behaviors of hollow microspheres (microballoons) prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion method." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 57, no. 2 (2004): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00185-1.

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Sato, Yasunori, Yoshiaki Kawashima, Hirofumi Takeuchi, and Hiromitsu Yamamoto. "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of riboflavin-containing microballoons for a floating controlled drug delivery system in healthy humans." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 275, no. 1-2 (2004): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.01.036.

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Krishna, Seelam Ramya, A. Ramu, and S. Vidyadhara. "Study of influence of formulation and process variables on entrapment efficiency and particle size of floating microballoons of clopidogrel bisulphate by doe." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 13, no. 9 (2020): 4373. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2020.00773.8.

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Kawashima, Y., T. Niwa, H. Takeuchi, T. Hino, and Y. Ito. "Preparation of multiple unit hollow microspheres (microballoons) with acrylic resin containing tranilast and their drug release characteristics (in vitro) and floating behavior (in vivo)." Journal of Controlled Release 16, no. 3 (1991): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(91)90004-w.

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Prakash, Manivasakam, Venkateswaramurthy Nallasamy, and Senthil Venkatachalam. "Fabrication of levofloxacin-loaded ph-sensitive eudragit polymeric floating microballoon biomaterial for gastroretentive drug delivery." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research 13, no. 1 (2025): 170–78. https://doi.org/10.69857/joapr.v13i1.829.

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Background: The design of improved biomaterials for medication administration is vital in overcoming problems associated with standard therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced stomach ulcers. This study aims to develop and characterize floating biomaterial of levofloxacin microballoon biomaterials based on a fluoroquinolone-benzoxazine system conjugated with methylated piperazine and carboxylic acid groups, strategically designed for prolonged gastric delivery. Methodology: Using the emulsion solvent diffusion method, thirteen preparations were developed by different polymer ratios (pH-sensitive Eudragit RS-100 and Ethyl Cellulose), stirring speeds, and temperatures. Results and Discussion: In the buoyancy study simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), the best formulation (F9) shows superior encapsulation efficiency (90.2%) and sustained drug release profile (91.2% over 8 hours) that increases its effectiveness against H. pylori. FTIR and SEM analyses conducted during characterization studies verified the drug stability and the spherical microballoon morphology, with a particle size of 81.2 µm. Levofloxacin-loaded microballoon biomaterials provide a unique gastro-retentive delivery system that improves patient compliance, reduces off-target effects, and maintains effective drug concentrations at the infection site, thereby strengthening the therapeutic efficacy of levofloxacin against H. pylori. Conclusion: This creative method offers a viable substitute for traditional therapies for stomach ulcers and is consistent with the overarching objectives of targeted delivery systems and structure-based drug development.

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De, Pintu Kumar, and Devlina Pal. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF INTRAGASTRIC FLOATING MICROBALLONS CONTAINING DICLOFENAC SODIUM." International Research Journal Of Pharmacy 10, no. 3 (2019): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.100397.

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KRISHNA, SEELAM RAMYA, A. RAMU, and S. VIDYADHARA. "STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF FORMULATION AND PROCESS VARIABLES ON ENTRAPMENT EFFICIENCY AND PARTICLE SIZE OF FLOATING MICRO BALLOONS OF DIPYRIDAMOLE BY DOE." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, September 2, 2020, 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i10.35995.

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Objective: In the current research work, dipyridamole, a BCS class–II drug, was aimed to be formulated as floating controlled release microballoons using ethyl cellulose as polymer and span 80 as surfactant to improve the gastric retention of drug as the multi-particulate dosage forms have tremendous advantages over single unit dosage forms. Methods: Microballoons were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. Prepared microballoons were characterized for entrapment efficiency, particle size, floating behavior and drug release studies. The study of effect of various formulation and process parameters like surfactant concentration, solvent volume, the volume of internal phase, polymer concentration, rotation speed on the drug entrapment efficiency and particle size of the microballoons were carried by using Box–Benhken to optimize the formulated microballoons. Results: The smallest particle size of the microballoons was found to be 205.9 µm in the F32 formulation. The highest drug entrapment efficiency was found to be 93.4% in the F34 formulation. Buoyancy studies showed all the formulations have good floating characteristics that lasted for a minimum of 24 h. The maximum yield of microballoons was found in the F7 formulation with 91.8% yield. The final results were statistically treated using ANOVA and were found to be significant (p value<0.05). Conclusion: Thus, the obtained results and their statistical interpretations indicated floating microballoons of dipyridamole were formulated effectively.

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Yagvendra, Singh Rajkumar Dhangar Rishikesh Sharma. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF AMIODARONE MICROBALLOONS USING XANTHAN GUM AS RELEASE RETARDANT." November 7, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7299482.

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The current research was aimed to formulate, evaluate and optimize gastro retentive formulations (microballoons) of amiodarone using a combination of natural and synthetic polymers such as guar gum, Ethyl Cellulose, Xanthan Gum and HPMC. Floating microballoons containing Amiodarone with a central hollow cavity were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique using Amiodarone, HPMC, EC and Xanthan Gum. The prepared microballoons were evaluated for Percentage yield, Drug entrapment, Percentage buoyancies, floating lag time, Mean particle size, Zeta potential, In vitro drug release and Stability study. The results of the present study demonstrated that xanthan gum could be a successful hydrophilic polymer for the formulation of sustained release Floating microballoons. In vitro dissolution studies indicated a sustained release pattern throughout the 12 h study period, which was compatible with theoretical release profile. Hence xanthan gum based microballoons seem to have a desirable sustained pattern of drug release, in order to reduce the dosing frequency. Key words: Micro balloons, Ethyl Cellulose, Xanthan Gum and HPMC, Floating

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Joydeep, Dutta*1 G.Ganesh Kumar2 Vikas Dash3 Savendu Saha4. "Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Microballoons of Norfloxacin." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 01, no. 05 (2011). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2295126.

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The present study involves preparation and evaluation of floating microballoons with norfloxacin s model drug for prolongation of gastric residence time. The microballoons were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using a combination of polymer Eudragit RS 100 and Eudragit L 100. The shape and surface morphology of prepared microballoons were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. In vitro drug release studies were performed and drug release kinetics was evaluated using the linear regression method. Effects of stirring rate during preparation, polymer concentration, solvent composition and dissolution medium on the size of microballoons, and drug release were also observed. The prepared microballoons exhibited prolonged drug release (8 hours) and remained buoyant for >10 hours. The mean particle size increased and the drug release rate decreased at higher polymer concentration. No significant effect of the stirring rate during preparation on drug release was observed. In vitro studies demonstrated diffusion-controlled drug release from the microballoons.

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Swain, Suryakanta, Sasikanth Kothamasu, Muddana Eswara Bhanoji Rao, and Bikash Ranjan Jena. "QbD Driven Formulation Development, Optimization of Rosuvastatin Calcium Loaded Floating Microballoons: In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization." Drug Delivery Letters 13 (January 26, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303113666230126103055.

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Background: The prime intent of this study was to formulate, optimize and evaluate the floating microballoons of rosuvastatin calcium to extend the stomach or gastrointestinal residence time, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of the drug. Objective: Objective: Rosuvastatin calcium-loaded floating microballoons were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and systematic optimization of such formulations by response surface methodology using Box-Behnken Design, with the selected independent variables like concentration of HPMC K4M (X1), K15M (X2), and K100M (X3) and dependent variables as mean particle size in µm (R1), % entrapment efficiency (R2), and % drug released at 12h (R3). Methods: For each of the studied response variables, the trial formulations were subsequently evaluated for in vitro floating lag time, drug content, total floating time, and drug content, and the data analysis through optimization was carried out by placing the experimental data with an appropriate mathematical model. Results: In vivo pharmacokinetics study parameters for the optimized batch showed a 4 to 5 folds elevation of peak plasma concentration (Cmax), the area under the curve (AUC) data, and reduction of time to reach peak concentration (Tmax) value compared to marketed product (p<0.05). As per ICH guidelines, the stability study results show that floating microballoons remain stable for 6 months. Conclusion: Hence, the floating microballoons of rosuvastatin calcium are a valuable technique to improve the solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug, rosuvastatin calcium.

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Suhas, Patil* Dr. A. W. Ambekar. "Formulation, Development and Characterization of Floating Microballoons." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, December 19, 2024, 2477–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14524625.

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The recent developments in floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) includes the uniform distribution of multiple unit dosage forms along the GIT that could result in more reproducible drug absorption and reduced risk of local irritation; this gave birth to oral controlled drug delivery and led to development of Gastro-retentive floating microspheres. Microballoons (MB), a multiple unit dosage forms possessing a spherical cavity enclosed within a hard polymer shell have been develops as a dosage form characterize by excellent buoyancy in the stomach. This gastrointestinal transit-controlled preparation is design to float on surface of gastric juice, which has a specific gravity less than 1. Microballoons, loaded with drug in their outer polymer shells, prepare by the emulsion solvent diffusion method using enteric acrylic polymers; dissolve in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol. Dichloromethane evaporation appears to be especially related to cavity formation in microspheres. Microballoons incorporating a drug dispersed or dissolved throughout particle matrix have the potential for controlled release of drugs and floats continuously over the surface of acidic dissolution media containing surfactant for > 12 h in vitro. As the microballoons floats over the gastric contents, the drug is released slowly at the desired rate, which results in increased gastro-retention time and reduces fluctuation in plasma drug concentration.

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Suhas, S. Patil, and Abdual W. Ambekar Dr. "FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING MICROBALLOON." June 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14631769.

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Oral controlled release dosage forms encounter various physiological challenges, such as the inability to maintain and position the controlled drug delivery system within the targeted areas of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) due to variations in gastric emptying. This results in an irregular pattern of absorption, inadequate release of medication, and a shorter duration of the dosage form's residence in the stomach. Consequently, there is inadequate absorption of the drug, particularly in the upper regions of the GIT where absorption is most effective. The creation of oral controlled release dose formulations with gastroprotective qualities has been prompted by these factors. Microballoons, or hollow microspheres, are recognized as a promising strategy for enhancing gastric retention. These microballoons are spherical, hollow particles that lack a core, size less than 200 micrometers allowing them to remain in the gastric region for extended periods. They greatly extend the time that substances remain in the stomach. They greatly extend the time that substances remain in the stomach. They significantly extend the time that substances remain in the stomach. medications, thereby improving bioavailability, enhancing patient compliance by decreasing dosing frequency, minimizing medication waste, and improving retention of drugs that dissolve only in the stomach. Additionally, they enhance the solubility of medications that are less soluble in higher pH environments. This review discusses the preparation methods, characterization, advantages, disadvantages, mechanisms of drug release from microballoons, applications, and a list of drugs formulated as microballoons.

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Shubham, Shubham, Neha Bansal, and Kamal Kamal. "Floating Micro-Balloons: An Innovative Approach." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, June 26, 2023, 3025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00499.

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The primary purpose of developing mechanism for delivering controlled-release medicines to the mouth is to hold on the medication as long as feasible in the body. The research and development of innovative medication systems of delivery has progressed scientifically and technologically in recent years. Tablets, capsules, pills, laminated films, floating microspheres, granules, and powders are examples of gastro-retentive dose forms. The homogeneous distribution of these dosage forms within the stomach, resulting in more consistent drug absorption and a lower risks of local discomfort, has made floating microballoons increasingly popular. So far, various approaches have been discovered for modification of these microballoons such as Floating system, System with high density, ion exchange resin, system with osmotic control, .expandable or swelling system and many more. These approaches play an important role as Compared to single-unit dose forms and such systems offer more advantages. Microballoons promote patient compliance by increasing medicine bioavailability, decreasing drug excretion, regulation of drug delivery. Micro-balloons are free-flowing spherical powders with a diameter of 1-1000 µm. Proteins or synthetic polymers are used to create it. The current pharmaceutical foundation of their design, advantages, limitations method of Formulation, classification, assessment procedure, factors affecting their formulation, and in vitro parameters are summarised in this review study.

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Pancheddula, Munija, Mounika Nemuri, and Shayeda Shayeda. "In vivo evaluation of optimised acetohydroxamic acid floating microballoons." Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal 11, Special Issue 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.54085/ap.trips.2022.11.1.16.

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Bai, B. Swetha, and S. Gunasekaran. "A Novel Approaches - Gastroretentive Microballoons Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 68, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v68i01.029.

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Due to its potential to stay in the gastric region for a longer period of time, the gastro-retentive is one of the most promising oral drug delivery systems. This increases the solubility of the drug, which improves bioavailability and reduces drug waste. To achieve the gastro-retentive property, numerous methods have been proposed. Microballoons are the most common form among them. Microballoons (hollow microspheres) have the ability to be a viable option for gastric retention. The microballoons drug delivery system is based on a non-effervescent system that comprises hollow spherical particles with no center and a size of less than 200 micrometres. The microballoons drug delivery system has been shown to be more effective in regulating the rate of release of drugs with site-specific absorption. The floating Microballoons demonstrated gastro-retentive mediated release delivery with effective methods for increasing bioavailability, and they could be a promising solution for gastric retention. Optimized hollow microspheres could play a key role in novel drug delivery, especially in secure, targeted, and efficient in vivo delivery. They may be a promising approach for gastric retention, which would minimize variability in plasma drug concentrations. The review presents an insight in to recent advance methods of formulation, evaluation, polymers used in microballoons, applications of microballoons as gastroretentive drug delivery system which provide controlled release properties.

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Pressymol, Benny K. Krishnakumar Smitha.K.Nair*. "MICROBALLOON: GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR THE ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI." May 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3783654.

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Abstract Helicobacter pylori is a spiral gram negative bacteria responsible for the development of chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue, lymphoma and gastric carcinoma. The primary route of infection is not known, but several routes have been proposed and they include gastric-oral, oral-oral, faecal-oral, zoonotic and water/food –borne. Contamination of food by human faecal material was the main risk factor for H.pylori infection. Acquired resistance developed against the commonly used antibiotics in the eradication of H.pylori as this has been suggested to be a major cause of the treatment failure. So a gastroretentive drug delivery system was developed in order to overcome the disadvantages of conventional dosage form. Microballoons are the gastro-retentive drug delivery system based on non-effervescent approach. These are the low density system that have sufficient buoyancy to float over the gastric contents and release the drug for prolonged period of time in a controlled manner. This article mainly reviewed about H.pylori, preparation of microballoons and applications of microballoons in floating drug delivery system.

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Kumar, Ritesh, Pawan Kumar Gautam, and Amrish Chandra. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAMOTIDINE MICRO BALLOONS WITH ENHANCED ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, May 7, 2018, 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i3.25306.

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate and optimize famotidine loaded micro balloons for enhancing bioavailability, increasing gastric residence time of drug and to achieve sustained release in the stomach.Methods: Microballoons were prepared using emulsion solvent diffusion method using HPMC K4M as the polymer. All the formulated microspheres were subjected to various evaluation parameters such as % drug entrapment, micromeritics properties, % buoyancy and in vitro drug release studies. The formulation was optimized using 32 full factorial design. Optimized formulation was subjective to in vivo floating (X-ray) and in vivo antiulcer studies.Results: The microballoons were smooth and spherical in shape and were porous in nature due to hollow cavity. Sustained/controlled release of drug was observed for more than 12â€‰h. based on the results of % drug entrapment, in vitro drug release and % buoyancy studies, formulation F6 was selected as optimized formulation. The release kinetics of optimized formulation followed Higuchi model and mechanism of release was non-Fickian diffusion. Examination of the X-ray radiographic images taken during the study indicated that the optimized formulation remained buoyant and uniformly distributed in the gastric contents for a long period. In ethanol-induced ulcer model, drug-loaded microballoons treated group showed significant ulcer protection index of 83.26% as compared to the marketed brand of famotidine 76. 09% and untreated control group.Conclusion: Famotidine-loaded floating micro balloons were successfully prepared and prove to be useful for the prolonged gastric residence of the drug, better bioavailability, patient compliance and anti-ulcer activity.

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Wavhule, Pradipkumar, and Padma V. Devarajan. "Development and Optimization of Microballoons Assisted Floating Tablets of Baclofen." AAPS PharmSciTech 22, no. 8 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-021-02139-y.

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KRISHNA, SEELAM RAMYA, A. RAMU, S. VIDYADHARA, and A. PRAMEELA RANI. "BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT BY FLOATING MICROBALLOONS OF DIPYRIDAMOLE AND CLOPIDOGREL: IN VIVO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, November 7, 2021, 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021v13i6.42316.

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Objective: In vivo pharmacokinetic studies of clopidogrel and dipyridamole floating microballoons to check their bioavailability enhancement. Methods: The bioanalytical method development was carried by using HPLC with column Poroshell 120 EC-C 18; 4.6x100 mm. The in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were performed in Wistar male rats and the obtained data from the pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using PK Solver software. Results: The developed bioanalytical method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 1-100 ng/ml for clopidogrel bisulfate and 0.02-4µg/ml for dipyridamole with correlation coefficient of 0.9993 and 0.9987 respectively. The study results showed that the method was simple, linear, accurate and precise. The in vivo studies indicated that the AUC was found to be increased by 33.3% and 154.5% for clopidogrel and dipyridamole micro balloons, respectively, when compared to their pure drugs. Conclusion: The bioanalytical methods development and their validation parameters indicated that the methods are accurate, precise and linear in the studied range of concentrations. In vivo test results infer to the effective, sustained release of both the drugs when formulated as micro balloons and increase in the absorption, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of the drugs. The pharmacokinetic studies also confirmed the increase in the mean residence time of the drugs when formulated as floating microballoons.

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V, Vasu Naik, and Nagavani M. "Formulation and evaluation of microsphere of glipizide." Journal of Innovations in Applied Pharmaceutical Science (JIAPS), November 29, 2022, 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.37022/jiaps.v7i3.362.

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The present study aims to carried out to prepare and evaluate the floating microsphere Glipizide using Eudragit RS 100 in a combination with Polyethylene Oxide in various proportions. The following experimental protocol was therefore designed to allow a systemic approach to the study and we concludes that Drug absorption in the GIT is a highly variable process, prolonging gastric retention of the dosage forms and extends the time of drug absorption. Floating hollow microspheres are prepared with enteric coated polymer (Eudragit RS 100) successfully by the solvent evaporation technique. Upon incorporation of the hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene oxide in the shell of microballoons, the amount of drug released from microspheres could be enhanced.

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