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1
Boberg, Per. "The inflected genitive and the of-construction : A comparative corpus study of written East African, Indian, American and British English." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1372.
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<p>This quantitative corpus study discusses and compares the distribution of the inflected genitive (’s- or zero-genitive) with that of the of-construction in East African, Indian, American and British English using data collected from the ICE-EA, ICE-IND, Frown and FLOB corpora. This study also discusses the semantic categories of the inflected genitive in the varieties mentioned.</p><p>The first conclusion of the study is that the distribution of tokens according to semantic categories is similar in all varieties examined. Furthermore, it is concluded for the modifier classes that animateness-biased classes are more common with the inflected genitive, while inanimateness-biased classes are more common with the of-construction; this distribution is similar in all varieties.</p>
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De, mourgues Quentin. "A combinatorial approach to Rauzy-type dynamics." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD056/document.
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Non communiqué<br>Rauzy-type dynamics are group (or monoid) actions on a collection of combinatorial objects. The first and best known example concerns an action on permutations, associated to interval exchange transformations (IET) for the Poincaré map on compact orientable translation surfaces. The equivalence classes on the objects inducedby the group action are related to components of the moduli spaces of Abelian differentials with prescribed singularities, and, in two variants of the problem, have been classified by Kontsevich and Zorich, and by Boissy, through methods involving both combinatorics, algebraic geometry, topology and dynamical systems. In the first half of this thesis, we provide a purely combinatorial proof of both classification theorems. Our proof can be interpreted geometrically and the over archingidea is close to that of Kontsevich and Zorich, although the techniques arerather different. Not all Rauzy-type dynamics have a geometrical correspondence however, and some parts of this first proof do not seem to generalize well.In the second half of the thesis we develop a new method, that we call the labelling method. This second method is not completely disjoint from the first one, but it the new crucial ingredient of considering a sort of ‘monodromy’ for the dynamics, in away that we now sketch. Many statements in this thesis are proven by induction. It is conceivable to prove, by induction, a classification theorem for unlabelled objects. However, as the labelling method will show, it is easier to prove two statements in parallel within the same induction, the one on the unlabelled objects, and an apparently much harder one, on the monodromy of the labelled objects. Although the final result is stronger than the initial aim, by virtue of the stronger inductive hypothesis, the method may work more easily.This second approach extends to several other Rauzy-type dynamics. Our firststep is to apply the labelling method to derive a second proof of the classificationtheorem for the Rauzy dynamics. Then we apply it to the study of two other Rauzy-type dynamics (one of which is strictly related to the Rauzy dynamics on non-orientable surfaces), and finally we inventory a surprisingly high number of Rauzy-type dynamics for which the labelling
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Venkatesh, Mukung C. (Mukund Chakravarthy). "Optimization of the mini-flo flow cytometer dc by Mukund C. Venkatesh." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40009.
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Varon, Eliott. "Contrôle réactif d'écoulements décollés à l'aide de PIV temps réel." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET008/document.
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Les écoulements décollés sont omniprésents dans la nature comme dans les écoulements industriels (aérodynamique externe des véhicules, des bâtiments, écoulements autour d’aubes de turbines, aérodynamique interne dans des tuyaux...) où ils sont en général sources de nuisances (vibrations, bruit aéroacousitque, forces de traînée ou de portance). Les enjeux associés à la compréhension et à la maîtrise de tels écoulements, caractérisés par une bulle de recirculation, sont donc considérables.Un capteur "visuel" non invasif développé au laboratoire PMMH est d'abord amélioré afin d'accéder en temps réel aux champs de vitesses - et à leurs grandeurs dérivées - des écoulements rencontrés en soufflerie industrielle. Basé sur un algorithme de flot optique issu de la vision par ordinateur, cette approche expérimentale novatrice permet de faciliter les études paramétriques et peut être implémenté dans des boucles de contrôle réactif.Ensuite, les mesures obtenues pour un écoulement sur une plaque plane sont analysées dans le cadre de l'identification de système. Un modèle d’ordre réduit est alors construit par apprentissage, permettant de prédire la dynamique de la transition de la couche limite laminaire vers la turbulence.Enfin, le sillage pleinement turbulent derrière une géométrie modélisant une voiture simplifiée est caractérisé, de façon classique et en tant que système dynamique. Différentes modifications de l'écoulement à l'aide de micro-jets sont testées. Une loi de contrôle réactif consistant à suivre et forcer la recirculation est mise en œuvre avec succès<br>Separated flows are ubiquitous in nature and industrial systems, such as diffusers, airfoils, air conditioning plants, moving vehicles... As the separation can strongly influence the performances of such devices, investigating their dynamics and their control is of great interest.A visual sensor developed at PMMH laboratory is first improved to measure in real time the velocity fields and its derived values for flows available in wind tunnels. Based on an optical flow algorithm from the computer vision domain, this new experimental approach makes easier parametric studies and may be used in closed-loop controls.The dynamics of the flow over a flat plate are then investigated. A system identification method - the dynamic observer - is successfully implemented to build a reduced-order model of the transient flow, which captures and predicts well the instabilities generated.Finally, the fully turbulent wake of the square-back Ahmed body is described. Dynamical system tools are applied to characterize it. Using continuous and pulsed micro-jets, different forcing strategies are analyzed. An opposition closed-loop control is implemented, tracking and driving the recirculation
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Palomino, Ramírez Vani, and Estrada Luis Ricardo Mauricio. "Modelamiento hidrológico e hidráulico para un sistema de alerta temprana en la quebrada Cashahuacra, distrito de Santa Eulalia." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626417.
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El presente trabajo consiste en el modelamiento hidrológico e hidráulico de la quebrada Cashahuacra ubicada en el distrito de Santa Eulalia con el fin de proponer la estructura de un sistema de alerta temprana que integre estos modelos para evitar la pérdida, primordialmente, de vidas humanas.
Se presenta una síntesis de los principales eventos de flujo de detritos ocurridos en dicho lugar así como un marco teórico que aborda conceptos básicos relacionados al estudio de la hidrología e hidráulica.
Para el modelo hidrológico, se llevó a cabo la caracterización de la quebrada Cashahuacra y se obtuvo sus parámetros principales, así también, fue necesario la adquisición de los datos históricos de precipitación. De esta manera, el modelo hidrológico fue realizado con el software HEC-HMS versión 4.2 en colaboración con ArcGIS versión 10.2.1. y su extensión HEC-GeoHMS. Así, se pudo determinar los caudales máximos bajo los periodos de retorno de 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 y 500 años.
El modelo hidráulico fue desarrollado con el software FLO-2D versión PRO. Tuvo como parámetros de entrada al hidrograma calculado por el modelo hidrológico, a la topografía digital del terreno, y a parámetros reológicos como la viscosidad y el esfuerzo de cedencia. Luego, fueron obtenidas las velocidades y profundidades máximas de los periodos de retorno mencionados líneas arriba.
Finalmente, se ha integrado estas dos modelaciones en la estructura de un sistema de alerta temprana frente a huaycos y se ha sugerido la implementación de un radar meteorológico para la quebrada en estudio.<br>The present work consists of hydrological and hydraulic modeling of the Cashahuacra stream located in the Santa Eulalia district in order to propose the structure of an early warning system that integrates these models to avoid the loss, primarily of human lives.
A synthesis of the main debris flow events occurring in that place is presented as well as a theoretical framework that addresses basic concepts related to the study of hydrology and hydraulics.
For the hydrological model, the characterization of the Cashahuacra stream was carried out and its main parameters were obtained, as well as the acquisition of the historical precipitation data. In this way, the hydrological model was made with the HEC-HMS software version 4.2 in collaboration with ArcGIS version 10.2.1. and its HEC-GeoHMS extension. Thus, it was possible to determine the maximum flow rates under the return periods of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 years.
The hydraulic model was developed with the FLO-2D PRO version software. It had as input parameters to the hydrograph calculated by the hydrological model, to the digital topography of the land, and to rheological parameters such as viscosity and yield strength. Then, the maximum speeds and depths of the return periods mentioned above were obtained.
Finally, these two models have been integrated into the structure of an early warning system against hurricanes and the implementation of a meteorological radar for the stream under study has been suggested.<br>Tesis
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Tô, Tat Dat. "Flots de Monge-Ampère complexes sur les variétés hermitiennes compactes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30072/document.
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Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons aux flots de Monge-Ampère complexes, à leurs généralisations et à leurs applications géométriques sur les variétés hermitiennes compactes. Dans les deux premiers chapitres, nous prouvons qu'un flot de Monge-Ampère complexe sur une variété hermitienne compacte peut être exécuté à partir d'une condition initiale arbitraire avec un nombre Lelong nul en tous points. En utilisant cette propriété, nous con- firmons une conjecture de Tosatti-Weinkove: le flot de Chern-Ricci effectue une contraction chirurgicale canonique. Enfin, nous étudions une généralisation du flot de Chern-Ricci sur des variétés hermitiennes compactes, le flot de Chern-Ricci tordu. Cette partie a donné lieu à deux publications indépendantes. Dans le troisième chapitre, une notion de C -sous-solution parabolique est introduite pour les équations paraboliques, étendant la théorie des C -sous-solutions développée récem- ment par B. Guan et plus spécifiquement G. Székelyhidi pour les équations elliptiques. La théorie parabolique qui en résulte fournit une approche unifiée et pratique pour l'étude de nombreux flots géométriques. Il s'agit ici d'une collaboration avec Duong H. Phong (Université Columbia ) Dans le quatrième chapitre, une approche de viscosité est introduite pour le problème de Dirichlet associé aux équations complexes de type hessienne sur les domaines de Cn. Les arguments sont modélisés sur la théorie des solutions de viscosité pour les équations réelles de type hessienne développées par Trudinger. En conséquence, nous résolvons le problème de Dirichlet pour les équations de quotient de hessiennes et lagrangiennes spéciales. Nous établissons également des résultats de régularité de base pour les solutions. Il s'agit ici d'une collaboration avec Sl-awomir Dinew (Université Jagellonne) et Hoang-Son Do (Institut de Mathématiques de Hanoi)<br>In this thesis we study the complex Monge-Ampère flows, and their generalizations and geometric applications on compact Hermitian manifods. In the first two chapters, we prove that a general complex Monge-Ampère flow on a compact Hermitian manifold can be run from an arbitrary initial condition with zero Lelong number at all points. Using this property, we confirm a conjecture of Tosatti- Weinkove: the Chern-Ricci flow performs a canonical surgical contraction. Finally, we study a generalization of the Chern-Ricci flow on compact Hermitian manifolds, namely the twisted Chern-Ricci flow. This part gave rise to two independent publications. In the third chapter, a notion of parabolic C -subsolution is introduced for parabolic non-linear equations, extending the theory of C -subsolutions recently developed by B. Guan and more specifically G. Székelyhidi for elliptic equations. The resulting parabolic theory provides a convenient unified approach for the study of many geometric flows. This part is a joint work with Duong H. Phong (Columbia University) In the fourth chapter, a viscosity approach is introduced for the Dirichlet problem associated to complex Hessian type equations on domains in Cn. The arguments are modelled on the theory of viscosity solutions for real Hessian type equations developed by Trudinger. As consequence we solve the Dirichlet problem for the Hessian quotient and special Lagrangian equations. We also establish basic regularity results for the solutions. This part is a joint work with Sl-awomir Dinew (Jagiellonian University) and Hoang-Son Do (Hanoi Institute of Mathematics)
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Selomulya, Cordelia Chemical Engineering & Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "The Effect of Shear on Flocculation and Floc Size/Structure." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18226.
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The effect of shear on the evolution of floc properties was investigated to analyse the flocculation mechanisms. Little fundamental attention has been given to the shear influence that often creates compact aggregates, while the floc characteristics might differ in other aggregating conditions. It is thus crucial to understand how flocs evolve to steady state, if their properties are to be 'tailored' to suit subsequent solids-liquid separation processes. In this work, flocculation of monodisperse latex particles of various sizes (60, 380, and 810 nm diameter) via electrolyte addition was carried out in a couette-flow and also in shear fields generated by an axial-flow impeller (Fluid foil A310) and a radial-flow impeller (Rushton R100) in standard mixing tanks. A small-angle light scattering technique was used to acquire information regarding the time variation of floc properties in a non-intrusive manner. The structure was quantified by a measure of fractal dimension, signifying the degree of floc compactness. Estimates of the average floc mass were also obtained from the aggregate scattering patterns. By monitoring the changes in floc structure and mass, corresponding to the size evolution; mechanisms of floc formation, fragmentation, and restructuring were identified. Aggregates of 60 and 380 nm particles were observed to grew larger initially, before decreasing to their equilibrium sizes at moderate shear rates (32 - 100 s-1) in a homogeneous shear environment. Floc restructuring at large length scales occurred extensively, and was responsible for the drop in size, particularly at the early stage of the process. Aggregates of 810 nm particles did not, however, display this behaviour. Flocs of larger primary particles were presumably susceptible to breakage rather than deformation, as they were weaker under comparable conditions. Denser aggregates were found when restructuring transpired, while comparatively tenuous flocs were observed when formation and breakage kinetics were the governing mechanisms. The disparity in floc behaviour at higher shear rates (246 s-1 - 330 s-1) was less apparent. The intense hydrodynamic stresses in those instances inevitably caused fragmentation, regardless of the intrinsic particle properties; hence the observed floc compaction was the product of break-up and re-aggregation. A population balance model, incorporating variation in floc structure, displayed comparable trends in size evolution; verifying that restructuring indeed took an important role under certain flocculation conditions. Similar phenomena were likewise observed with the flocculation in stirred tanks. The results reinforced findings in literature; that while circulation time controlled the process kinetics; the floc size was determined by the turbulent stresses. In addition, the maximum shear levels also influenced the floc structures, with denser aggregates produced in a shear field generated using the radial-flow impeller at equivalent energy dissipation per-unit mass. A correlation between non-dimensional floc factor that embodied the aggregate size and structure, and aggregation factor comprising the significant parameters from flocculation conditions, was proposed. The proposed relationship takes into account aspects such as the aggregate structure, interparticle forces, and particle concentration that are often overlooked in existing relationships, which usually only relate the maximum floc size to the applied energy dissipation rate. It thus provides an improved manner of presenting general flocculation data, as well as a means to predict floc properties produced under a specific aggregation condition. Future studies with increasingly complex systems that resemble real conditions are recommended in order to establish a practical understanding of the flocculation mechanisms, for the purpose of optimising the aggregate properties.
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Garnier, Stéphane. "Champs de vecteurs, flots et géodésiques sur les supervariétés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0040/document.
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Le résultat principal de cette thèse est de donner une définition de géodésique sur les supervariétés riemanniennes $(\ca,g)$ paires (et aussi impaires) et de la justifier par un théorème reliant les courbes géodésiques avec le flot géodésique sur $\text{T}^*\ca$. Pour ce faire, nous construisons la 2-forme symplectique canonique sur $\text{T}^*\ca$ et l'analogue $H$ de la fonctionnelle énergie dans le contexte des supervariétés. Nous prenons ainsi le flot du champ de vecteurs hamiltonien associé à $H$ que nous nommons "flot géodésique''. Alors, nous relions les supergéodésiques, que nous définissons à l'aide de la dérivée covariante comme des courbes à vitesse auto-parallèle, avec le flot géodésique via des conditions initiales adaptées aux supervariétés. Une autre définition de géodésique a été proposée en 2006 par O. Goertsches mais ces courbes ne sont pas en bijection avec les courbes intégrales du flot géodésique que nous construisons. Notre définition de géodésique semble donc présenter plus d'avantages. Par ailleurs, nous pouvons, à l'aide du flot, construire l'application exponentielle. Nous en profitons pour démontrer le résultat, bien connu au cas de cadre des variétés classiques (non-graduées), de linéarisation des isométries en utilisant l'exponentielle. Dans la dernière partie, nous redémontrons un résultat de J. Monterde et O.M. Sánchez-Valenzuela concernant l'intégration des champs de vecteur pairs, impairs et aussi non homogènes dans le but d'éviter d'utiliser un modèle de Batchelor. Ceci permet par exemple, de généraliser leurs résultats aux supervariétés holomorphes<br>We give a natural definition of geodesics on a Riemannian supermanifold $(\ca, g)$ and extend the usual geodesic flow on $T^*M$ associated to the underlying Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ to a geodesic "superflow" on $T^*\ca$. Integral curves of this flow turn out to be in natural bijection with geodesics on $\ca$. We also construct the corresponding exponential map and generalize the well-known faithful linearization of isometries to Riemannian supermanifolds. We give also a new proof of the Monderde et al. result about flows of non-homogeneous supervector fields. We give a treatment which allows extensions for instance to the holomorphic category. The original proof given by Monderde et al. is only applicable to split supermanifolds, since their proofs relied on Batchelor's Theorem. Finally, we reproves a characterization of vector fields whose flows are local $\sbb$-actions of an appropriate Lie supergroups structure
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Garcia, Luis Jimenez, Guzman Osnar Iruri, and Sissi Santos Hurtado. "Hazard map based on the simulation of sludge flow in a two-dimensional model, Case Quebrada Malanche-Punta Hermosa -Lima-Perú." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656417.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.<br>This research presents the numerical simulation to reproduce the transport and deposition processes of the sludge flow on March 15, 2017, strongly impacting the town of Pampapacta in Punta Hermosa-Peru.The debris flow initiation process in the basin was represented by hydrographs obtained from the estimated volumes of stormwater runoff and solid materials. The sludge flow was modeled in Flo2D to calculate hazard maps with the discharge event and others with different return periods.The numerical simulation results show acceptable results in relation to what happened. The model used to assess the hazard due to debris flow can predict and delineate, with acceptable precision, potentially hazardous areas for a landslide. The application of the proposed methodology to assess the hazard of disasters due to debris flows in basins and streams is useful to understand the extent of the impact of the mud flow during extreme weather events, as well as to develop emergency plans and formulate disaster policies.
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Bellis, Alexandre. "Étude topologique du flot horocyclique : le cas des surfaces géométriquement infinies." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S017/document.
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On étudie le comportement topologique du flot horocyclique sur des surfaces hyperboliques géométriquement infinies. Cette étude est intimement liée à celle du flot géodésique sur ces surfaces. Le premier chapitre commence par introduire les objets de géométrie hyperbolique que nous utiliserons. Il présente ensuite une classe de surfaces, les flûtes hyperboliques, qui couvrent une grande partie de la complexité des surfaces géométriquement infinies. Enfin, il aborde la notion de finesse asymptotique d'une demi-géodésique, qui donne la limite inférieure du rayon d'injectivité de la surface le long de la demi-géodésique. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré aux propriétés classiques du flot horocyclique sur lesquelles nous baserons nos preuves. Le troisième chapitre concerne l'étude de l'intersection entre l'adhérence de l'orbite horocyclique issue d'un vecteur u d'une surface hyperbolique et la demi orbite géodésique issue de ce même vecteur. Nous montrons que si la finesse asymptotique de la demi-orbite géodésique issue de u est finie et si u n'est pas périodique pour le flot horocyclique, cette intersection contient une infinité divergente de points. Par ailleurs, si la finesse asymptotique est nulle, alors cette intersection est égale à toute la demi-orbite géodésique positive. Nous montrons cependant que même si la finesse asymptotique n'est pas nulle, la demi-orbite géodésique peut tout de même être contenue dans cette intersection. Le quatrième chapitre étudie les liens entre une orbite horocyclique issue d'un vecteur u et la feuille fortement stable associée. Nous commençons par montrer que les adhérences de ces deux ensembles coïncident toujours. Cependant, cette propriété ne s'étend pas aux ensembles eux-mêmes et nous donnons ensuite une condition suffisante pour que qu'ils ne coïncident pas. Nous montrons qu'alors la feuille fortement stable est une union d'une quantité non dénombrable d'orbites horocycliques<br>We study the topological behavior of the horocycle flow on geometrically infinite hyperbolic surfaces. This study and that of the geodesic flow are deeply interwoven. The first chapter introduces the basic objects of hyperbolic geometry that we will use. Next, it presents a class of surfaces, the hyperbolic flutes, which carries most of the complexity of geometrically infinite surfaces. Then, it details the notion of asymptotic thinness for a half-geodesic, which determines the size of the most thin parts that this half-geodesic crosses. The second chapter focuses on the classical properties of the horocycle flow on which we will base our proofs. The third chapter presents the study of the intersection between the closure of a horocyclic orbit stemming from a vector u on a hyperbolic surface and the positive half-geodesic stemming from the same vector. We show that if the asymptotic thinness of the half-orbit stemming from u is finite and if u is not periodic for the horocycle flow, then this intersection contains an unbounded sequence of points. Moreover, if the asymptotic thinness is zero, then all the halfgeodesic orbit is included in the intersection. However, we also prove that the half-geodesic orbit can be included in the intersection and even if the asymptotic thinness is not zero. The fourth chapter studies the links between a horocyclic orbit starting from a vector u and the strong stable manifold associated to u. We first show that the closure of these two sets are always the same. However, we then give a sufficient condition for these two sets to be different and we prove that in this case, the strong stable manifold is a reunion of an uncountable number of horocyclic orbits
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Bosché, Aurélien. "Flots géodésiques expansifs sur les variétés compactes sans points conjugués." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM085/document.
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Cette thèse est composée de deux parties indépendantes.Dans la première partie nous étudions les propriétés dynamiques des flots géodésiques expansifs sur des variétés compactes sans points conjugués à l'aide du travail de R.O.~Ruggiero. Plus précisément nous montrons qu'un tel flot admet une unique mesure d'entropie maximale et nous construisons cette mesure. Cela généralise des résultats connus dans le cas des variétés compactes à courbure négative et de rang un. Nous montrons ensuite à l'aide de cette mesure que l'équivalent de Margulis (connu pour les variétés compactes à courbure strictement négative) concernant le nombre de lacets géodésiques est toujours valable dans ce cas.Dans la seconde partie nous étudions les isométries des cônes symétriques de dimension finie pour la métrique de Thompson et pour la métrique de Hilbert. Plus précisément nous montrons que le groupe d'isométries induit par les automorphismes linéaires de ce cône est un sous-groupe d'indice fini du groupe d'isométries pour chacune de ces deux métriques et donnons des représentant naturels pour le quotient de ces deux groupes. Cela généralise des résultats deL.~Molnár (qui a étudié ces isométries dans le cas des opérateurs symétriques positifs définis sur un espace de Hilbert complexe)<br>This thesis is divided in two independants parts.In the first part we investigate dynamical properties of expansive geodesic flows on compact manifolds without conjugate points using the work of R.O.~Ruggiero. More precisely we show that such a flow admits a unique measure of maximal entropy and constructthis measure. This extends results known in non-positively curved manifolds of rank one (and our construction is analogous). Wethen show, using this measure of maximal entropy, that the asymptotics of Margulis (known for compact negatively curvedmanifolds) on the number of geodesic loops still hold in this framework.In the second part we study isometries of finite dimensionalsymmetric cones for both the Thompson and the Hilbert metric. More precisely we show that the isometry group induced by the linear automorphisms preserving such a cone is a subgroup of finite indexin the full group of isometries for those two metrics and give a natural set of representatives of the quotient. This extends resultsof L.~Molnar (who studied such isometies for the symmetric irreducible cone of symmetric positive definite operators on acomplex Hilbert space)
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Chen, Chih-Wei. "Sur la régularité du flot de Ricci." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENM073/document.
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Cette these se compose de quatre chapîtres et une annexe. Le premier chapître est consacre à des idées fondamentales de la theorie du flot de Ricci, qui montre comment nos travaux sont reliés a l'histoire entière. Dans le deuxième chapître, nous construisons une solution du flot de Ricci sur une variete a symétrie de rotation de telle sorte qu'il reste un collecteur complet a l'heure maximale. Nous dérivons également le non-effondrement pour certaines solutions anciennes à proximité de leur temps maximal. Chacun de ces deux resultats sont liés à la régularité des limites des solutions. Dans le troisième chapître, nous montrons qu'une estimation de type Shi d'ordre un est valable pour tenseur de Ricci sur des variétés qui satisfont l'inégalité Bianchi faibles. Le dernier chapître s'interesse aux gradient solitons de Ricci qui sont en expansion. Nous discutons du problème de classification et montrons que chaque cône tangent à l'infini d'un soliton expansion à "fast-than-quadratic-decay" courbure doit être $mathbb{R}^n$<br>This thesis consists of four chapters and an appendix. The first chapter is dedicated to the fundamental ideas of the theory of Ricci flow, which shows how our works are connected to the whole story. In the second chapter, we construct a solution of Ricci flow on a rotationally symmetric manifold such that it remains a complete manifold at the maximal time. We also derive a noncollapsing property for certain ancient solutions near their maximal times. Both of these two results are related to the regularity of limits of solutions. In the third chapter, we show that a first order Shi-type estimate holds for Ricci tensor on manifolds which satisfy the weak Bianchi inequality. The last chapter is concerned with expanding gradient Ricci solitons. There we discuss the classification problem and show that every tangent cone at infinity of an expanding soliton with fast-than-quadratic-decay curvature must be $mathbb{R}^n$
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Smeding, Gideon. "Verification of Weakly-Hard Requirements on Quasi-Synchronous Systems." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM073/document.
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L’approche synchrone aux systèmes réactifs, où le temps global est une séquence d’instants discrets, a été proposée afin de faciliter la conception des systèmes embarqués critiques. Des systèmes synchrones sont souvent réalisés sur des architectures asynchrones pour des raisons de performance ou de contraintes physiques de l’application. Une répartition d’un système synchrone sur une architecture asynchrone nécessite des protocoles de communication et de synchronisation pour préserver la sémantique synchrone. En pratique, les protocoles peut avoir un coût important qui peut entrer en conflit avec les contraintes de l’application comme, par exemple, la taille de mémoire disponible, le temps de réaction, ou le débit global.L’approche quasi-synchrone utilise des composants synchrones avec des horloges indépendantes. Les composants communiquent par échantillonnage de mémoire partagée ou par des tampons FIFO. On peut exécuter un tel système de façon synchrone, où toutes les horloges avancent simultanément, ou de façon asynchrone avec moins de contraintes sur les horloges, sans ajouter des protocoles .Plus les contraintes sont relâchées, plus de comportements se rajoutent en fonction de l’entrelacement des tics des horloges. Dans le cas de systèmes flots de données, un comportement est différent d’un autre si les valeurs ou le cadencement ont changé. Pour certaines classes de systèmes l’occurrence des déviations est acceptable, tant que la fréquence de ces événements reste bornée.Nous considérons des limites dures sur la fréquence des déviations avec ce que nous appelons les exigences faiblement dures, par exemple, le nombre maximal d’éléments divergents d’un flot par un nombre d’éléments consécutifs.Nous introduisons des limites de dérive sur les apparitions relatives des paires d’événements récurrents comme les tics d’une horloge, l’occurrence d’une différence,ou l’arrivée d’un message. Les limites de dérive expriment des contraintes entre les horloges, par exemple, une borne supérieure de deux tics d’une horloge entre trois tics consécutifs d’une autre horloge. Les limites permettent également de caractériser les exigences faiblement dures. Cette thèse présente des analyses pour la vérification et l’inférence des exigences faiblement dures pour des programmes de flots de données synchrones étendu avec de la communication asynchrone par l’échantillonnage de mémoire partagée où les horloges sont décrites par des limites de dérive. Nous proposons aussi une analyse de performance des systèmes répartis avec de la communication par tampons FIFO, en utilisant les limites de dérive comme abstraction<br>The synchronous approach to reactive systems, where time evolves by globally synchronized discrete steps, has proven successful for the design of safetycriticalembedded systems. Synchronous systems are often distributed overasynchronous architectures for reasons of performance or physical constraintsof the application. Such distributions typically require communication and synchronizationprotocols to preserve the synchronous semantics. In practice, protocolsoften have a significant overhead that may conflict with design constraintssuch as maximum available buffer space, minimum reaction time, and robustness.The quasi-synchronous approach considers independently clocked, synchronouscomponents that interact via communication-by-sampling or FIFO channels. Insuch systems we can move from total synchrony, where all clocks tick simultaneously,to global asynchrony by relaxing constraints on the clocks and withoutadditional protocols. Relaxing the constraints adds different behaviors dependingon the interleavings of clock ticks. In the case of data-flow systems, onebehavior is different from another when the values and timing of items in a flowof one behavior differ from the values and timing of items in the same flow ofthe other behavior. In many systems, such as distributed control systems, theoccasional difference is acceptable as long as the frequency of such differencesis bounded. We suppose hard bounds on the frequency of deviating items in aflow with, what we call, weakly-hard requirements, e.g., the maximum numberdeviations out of a given number of consecutive items.We define relative drift bounds on pairs of recurring events such as clockticks, the occurrence of a difference or the arrival of a message. Drift boundsexpress constraints on the stability of clocks, e.g., at least two ticks of one perthree consecutive ticks of the other. Drift bounds also describe weakly-hardrequirements. This thesis presents analyses to verify weakly-hard requirementsand infer weakly-hard properties of basic synchronous data-flow programs withasynchronous communication-by-sampling when executed with clocks describedby drift bounds. Moreover, we use drift bounds as an abstraction in a performanceanalysis of stream processing systems based on FIFO-channels
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Lemée, Thomas. "Shear-flow instabilities in closed flow." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112038.
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Cette étude se concentre sur la compréhension de la physique des instabilités dans différents écoulements de cisaillement, particulièrement la cavité entraînée et la cavité thermocapillaire, où l'écoulement d'un fluide incompressible est assuré soit par le mouvement d’une ou plusieurs parois, soit par des contraintes d’origine thermique.Un code spectral a été validé sur le cas très étudié de la cavité entrainée par une paroi mobile. Il est démontré dans ce cas que l'écoulement transit d'un régime stationnaire à un instationnaire au-delà d'une valeur critique du nombre de Reynolds. Ce travail est le premier à donner une interprétation physique de l'évolution non monotonique du nombre de Reynolds critique en fonction du facteur d'aspect. Lorsque le fluide est entraîné par deux parois mobiles, la cavité entraînée possède un plan de symétrie particulièrement sensible. Des solutions asymétriques peuvent être observés en plus de la solution symétrique au-dessus d'une certaine valeur du nombre de Reynolds. La transition oscillatoire entre la solution symétrique et les solutions asymétriques est expliquée physiquement par les forces en compétition. Dans le cas asymétrique, l'évolution de la topologie permet à l'écoulement de rester stationnaire avec l'augmentation du nombre de Reynolds. Lorsque l'équilibre est perdu une instabilité se manifeste par l'apparition d'un régime oscillatoire dans l'écoulement asymétrique.Dans une cavité thermocapillaire rectangulaire avec une surface libre, Smith et Davis prévoient deux types d'instabilités convectives thermiques: des rouleaux longitudinaux stationnaires et des ondes hydrothermales instationnaires. L'apparition de ses instabilités a été mis en évidence à plusieurs reprises expérimentalement et numériquement. Alors que les applications impliquent souvent plus d'une surface libre, il semble qu'il y ait peu de connaissances sur l'écoulement thermocapillaire entraînée avec deux surfaces libres. Un film liquide libre soumis à des contraintes thermocapillaires possède un plan de symétrie particulier comme dans le cas de la cavité entrainée par deux parois mobiles. Une étude de stabilité linéaire avec deux profils de vitesse pour le film liquide libre est présentée avec différents nombres de Prandtl. Au-delà d'un nombre de Marangoni critique, il est découvert que ces états de base sont sensibles à quatre types d'instabilités convectives thermiques qui peuvent conserver ou briser la symétrie du système. Les mécanismes qui permettent de prédire ces instabilités sont également découverts et interpréter en fonction de la valeur du nombre de Prandtl du fluide. La comparaison avec les travaux de Smith et Davis est faite. Une simulation numérique directe permet de valider les résultats obtenus avec l'étude de stabilité de linéaire<br>This study focuses on the understanding of the physics of different instabilities in driven cavities, specifically the lid-driven cavity and the thermocapillarity driven cavity where flow in an incompressible fluid is driven either due to one or many moving walls or due to surface stresses that appear from surface tension gradients caused by thermal gradients. A spectral code is benchmarked on the well-studied case of the lid-cavity driven by one moving wall. In this case, It is shown that the flow transit form a steady regime to unsteady regime beyond a critical value of the Reynolds number. This work is the first to give a physical interpretation of the non-monotonic evolution of the critical Reynolds number versus the size of the cavity. When the fluid is driven by two facing walls moving in the same direction, the cavity possesses a plane of symmetry particularly sensitive. Thus, asymmetrical solutions can be observed in addition to the symmetrical solution above a certain value of the Reynolds number. The oscillatory transition between the symmetric solution and asymmetric solutions is explained physically by the forces in competition. In the asymmetric case, the change of the topology allows the flow to remain steady with increasing the Reynolds number. When the equilibrium is lost, an instability manifests by the appearance of an oscillatory regime in the asymmetric flow. In a rectangular cavity thermocapillary with a free surface, Smith and Davis found two types of thermal convective instabilities: steady longitudinal rolls and unsteady hydrothermal waves. The appearance of its instability has been highlighted repeatedly experimentally and numerically. While applications often involve more than a free surface, it seems that there is little knowledge about the thermocapillary driven flow with two free surfaces. A free liquid film possesses a particular plane of symmetry as in the case of the two-sided lid-driven cavity. A linear stability analysis for the free liquid film with two velocity profiles is presented with various Prandtl numbers. Beyond a critical Marangoni number, it is observed that these basic states are sensitive to four types of thermal convective instabilities, which can keep or break the symmetry of the system. Mechanisms that predict these instabilities are discovered and interpreted according to the value of the Prandtl number of the fluid. Comparison with the work of Smith and Davis is made. A direct numerical simulation is done to validate the results obtained with the linear stability analysis
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KASLIWAL, AMIT. "FLOW SEPARATION CONTROL FOR CYLINDER FLOW AND CASCADE FLOW USING GENERATOR JETS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1141413192.
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Derome, Maxime. "Vision stéréoscopique temps-réel pour la navigation autonome d'un robot en environnement dynamique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS156/document.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir un système de perception stéréoscopique embarqué, permettant une navigation robotique autonome en environnement dynamique (i.e. comportant des objets mobiles). Pour cela, nous nous sommes imposé plusieurs contraintes : 1) Puisque l'on souhaite pouvoir naviguer en terrain inconnu et en présence de tout type d'objets mobiles, nous avons adopté une approche purement géométrique. 2) Pour assurer une couverture maximale du champ visuel nous avons choisi d'employer des méthodes d'estimation denses qui traitent chaque pixel de l'image. 3) Puisque les algorithmes utilisés doivent pouvoir s'exécuter en embarqué sur un robot, nous avons attaché le plus grand soin à sélectionner ou concevoir des algorithmes particulièrement rapides, pour nuire au minimum à la réactivité du système. La démarche présentée dans ce manuscrit et les contributions qui sont faites sont les suivantes. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions plusieurs algorithmes d’appariement stéréo qui permettent d'estimer une carte de disparité dont on peut déduire, par triangulation, une carte de profondeur. Grâce à cette évaluation nous mettons en évidence un algorithme qui ne figure pas sur les benchmarks KITTI, mais qui offre un excellent compromis précision/temps de calcul. Nous proposons également une méthode pour filtrer les cartes de disparité. En codant ces algorithmes en CUDA pour profiter de l’accélération des calculs sur cartes graphiques (GPU), nous montrons qu’ils s’exécutent très rapidement (19ms sur les images KITTI, sur GPU GeForce GTX Titan).Dans un deuxième temps, nous souhaitons percevoir les objets mobiles et estimer leur mouvement. Pour cela nous calculons le déplacement du banc stéréo par odométrie visuelle pour pouvoir isoler dans le mouvement apparent 2D ou 3D (estimé par des algorithmes de flot optique ou de flot de scène) la part induite par le mouvement propre à chaque objet. Partant du constat que seul l'algorithme d'estimation du flot optique FOLKI permet un calcul en temps-réel, nous proposons plusieurs modifications de celui-ci qui améliorent légèrement ses performances au prix d'une augmentation de son temps de calcul. Concernant le flot de scène, aucun algorithme existant ne permet d'atteindre la vitesse d'exécution souhaitée, nous proposons donc une nouvelle approche découplant structure et mouvement pour estimer rapidement le flot de scène. Trois algorithmes sont proposés pour exploiter cette décomposition structure-mouvement et l’un d’eux, particulièrement efficace, permet d'estimer très rapidement le flot de scène avec une précision relativement bonne. A notre connaissance, il s'agit du seul algorithme publié de calcul du flot de scène capable de s'exécuter à cadence vidéo sur les données KITTI (10Hz).Dans un troisième temps, pour détecter les objets en mouvement et les segmenter dans l'image, nous présentons différents modèles statistiques et différents résidus sur lesquels fonder une détection par seuillage d'un critère chi2. Nous proposons une modélisation statistique rigoureuse qui tient compte de toutes les incertitudes d'estimation, notamment celles de l'odométrie visuelle, ce qui n'avait pas été fait à notre connaissance dans le contexte de la détection d'objets mobiles. Nous proposons aussi un nouveau résidu pour la détection, en utilisant la méthode par prédiction d’image qui permet de faciliter la propagation des incertitudes et l'obtention du critère chi2. Le gain apporté par le résidu et le modèle d'erreur proposés est démontré par une évaluation des algorithmes de détection sur des exemples tirés de la base KITTI. Enfin, pour valider expérimentalement notre système de perception en embarqué sur une plateforme robotique, nous implémentons nos codes sous ROS et certains codes en CUDA pour une accélération sur GPU. Nous décrivons le système de perception et de navigation utilisé pour la preuve de concept qui montre que notre système de perception, convient à une application embarquée<br>This thesis aims at designing an embedded stereoscopic perception system that enables autonomous robot navigation in dynamic environments (i.e. including mobile objects). To do so, we need to satisfy several constraints: 1) We want to be able to navigate in unknown environment and with any type of mobile objects, thus we adopt a geometric approach. 2) We want to ensure the best possible coverage of the field of view, so we employ dense methods that process every pixel in the image. 3) The algorithms must be compliant with an embedded platform, therefore we must carefully design the algorithms so they are fast enough to keep a certain level of reactivity. The approach presented in this thesis manuscript and the contributions are summarized below. First, we study several stereo matching algorithms that estimate a disparity map from which we can deduce a depth map, by triangulation. This comparative study highlights one algorithm that is not in the KITTI benchmarks, but that gives a great accuracy/processing time tradeoff. We also propose a filtering method to post-process the disparity maps. By coding these algorithm in CUDA to benefit from hardware acceleration on Graphics Processing Unit, we show that they can perform very fast (19ms on KITTI images, with a GPU GeForce GTX Titan).Second, we want to detect mobile objects and estimate their motion. To do so we compute the stereo rig motion using visual odometry, in order to isolate the part induced by moving objects in the 2D or 3D apparent motion (estimated by optical flow or scene flow algorithms). Considering that the only optical flow algorithm able to perform in real-time is FOLKI, we propose several modifications of it to slightly improve its performances at the cost of a slower processing time. Regarding the scene flow estimation, existing algorithms cannot reach the desired computation speed, so we propose a new approach by decoupling structure and motion for a fast scene flow estimation. Three algorithms are proposed to use this structure-motion decomposition, and one of them, particularly efficient, enables very fast scene flow computing with a relatively good accuracy. To our knowledge it is the only published scene flow algorithm able to perform at framerate on KITTI dataset (10 Hz).Third, to detect moving objects and segment them in the image, we show several statistical models and residual quantities on which we can base the detection by thresholding a chi2 criterion. We propose a rigorous statistical modeling that takes into account all the uncertainties occurring during the estimation, in particular during the visual odometry, which had not been done to our knowledge, in the context of moving object detection. We also propose a new residual quantity for the detection, using an image prediction approach to facilitate uncertainty propagation and the chi2 criterion modeling. The benefit brought by the proposed residual quantity and error model is demonstrated by evaluating detection algorithms on a samples of annotated KITTI data. Finally, we implement our algorithms on ROS to run the perception system on en embedded platform, and we code some algorithms in CUDA to accelerate the computing using GPU. We describe the perception and the navigation system that we use for the experimental validation. We show in our experiments that the proposed stereovision perception system is suitable for embedded robotic applications
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Martinez, Denis. "Détection de comportements à risque dans les applications en utilisant l'analyse statique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT266.
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Le monde des appareils mobiles permet aux utilisateurs d’installer des applications sur des terminaux personnels, mais pose des lacunes en termes de sécurité, car les utilisateurs n’ont ps les moyens de juger la dangerosité d’une application, et le risque de nuisibilité ne peut pas être limité après l’installation. Nous étudions l’analyse statique en tant qu’outil de détection de risques et de malware. Notre méthode se caractérise par un pilotage par règles, opérant sur des programmes partiels : l’un des objectifs est de proposer un langage spécifique au domaine pouvant exprimer un domaine abstrait et associer des comportements aux fonctions des librairies du système. L’expressivité est un atout important qui est obtenu au travers de l’abstraction. La technologie mobile évolue rapidement et de nouvelles manières de développer les appli- cations apparaissent fréquemment. Une analyse statique des applications doit absolument réagir rapidement à l’arrivée des nouvelles technologies, de sorte à ne pas se retrouver obsolète. Nous montrons de quelle manière il est possible de réaliser des analyses statiques que l’on peut réutiliser entre plusieurs plateformes de smartphones<br>The mobile device world allows users to install applications on theirpersonal devices, but typically falls short in terms of security, because theusers lack any ability to judge if an application will be dangerous, and thereis no way to limit the harmfulness of a program after it is installed.We explore static analysis as a tool for risk assessment and detection of malware behavior. Our method characterizes as a rule-driven, partial program approach: one of our goals is to provide a convenient, expressive domain-specific language to express an abstract domain and associate behavior to the library functions of the system.Expressivity is an important asset to have and it is obtained by the means of abstraction. The mobile technologies evolve fast and new ways to develop programs frequently appear.A real-world static analysis solution absolutely needs to react fast to the arrival of new technologies, in order not to fall into obsolescence. Weshow how it is possible to develop static analyses, and then to reuse them across mutiple smartphone platforms
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Budiský, Jakub. "Fast Generator of Network Flows." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255434.
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Tato diplomová práce se věnuje analýze existujících řešení pro generování síťového provozu určeného k testování síťových komponent. Zaměřuje se na generátory na úrovni IP síťových toků a pokrývá návrh a implementaci generátoru, zvaného FLOR, schopného vytvářet syntetický síťový provoz rychlostí až několik desítek gigabitů za sekundu. K plánování toků využívá náhodného procesu. Vytvořená aplikace je otestována a porovnána s existujícími nástroji. V závěru jsou navrženy další vylepšení a optimalizace.
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Wang, Yueping. "Flow-dependent corrosion in turbulent pipe flow." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23972.pdf.
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Flor, Matthias [Verfasser], Peter Akademischer Betreuer] Hammerstein, John H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Werren, and Edda [Akademischer Betreuer] [Klipp. "Unidirectional CI and the consequences of Wolbachia for gene flow and reinforcement / Matthias Flor. Gutachter: Peter Hammerstein ; John H. Werren ; Edda Klipp." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015046525/34.
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Kasliwal, Amit. "Flow separation control for cylinder flow and cascade flow using vortex generator jets." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1141413192.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.<br>Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 18, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Flow Separation; Low Pressure Turbine Cascade; LPT Cascade; Flow over Cylinder; Vortex Generator Jets; VGJ; Multiblock Grid. Includes bibliographical references.
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Amacha, Inas. "Flot de Yamabe avec courbure scalaire prescrite." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0109/document.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'une famille des flots géométriques associés au problème de la courbure scalaire prescrite sur une variété riemannienne compacte. Plus précisément, si on désigne par (M,g0) une variété riemannienne compacte de dimension n≥3, et si F∈C∞ (M) est une fonction donnée, le problème de la courbure scalaire prescrite consiste à trouver une métrique g conforme à g0 telle que F soit sa courbure scalaire. Ce problème est équivalent à la résolution de l'EDP suivante :-4 (n-1)/(n-2) ∆u+R0 u=Fu((n+2)/(n-2 )) , u>0 , (E), Où R0 est la courbure scalaire de la métrique initiale g0 et ∆ est le laplacien associé à g0. Il s'agit d'une équation elliptique non-linéaire dont la difficulté principale provient du terme u((n+2)/(n-2 )). Hormis le cas de la sphère standard Sn , tous les travaux consacrés à l'étude de l'équation (E) sont basés sur la méthode variationnelle. Dans cette thèse, on développe une autre approche basée sur l'étude d'une famille de flots géométriques qui permet, entre autres, de résoudre l'équation (E). La question dépend bien entendu de la métrique initiale g0 et en particulier du signe de sa courbure scalaire R0. Les flots introduits sont des flots de gradient associés à deux fonctionnelles distinctes dépendant du signe de R0. La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée au cas R0<0 et dans la deuxième partie on traite le cas R0>0. Dans les deux cas, on démontre l'existence globale du flot et on étudie son comportement asymptotique à l'infini<br>This thesis is devoted to the study of a family of geometric flows associated with the prescribed scalar curvature problem. More precisely, if we denote by (M,g0) a compact riemannian manifold with dimension n≥3, and if F∈C∞ (M) is a given function, the prescribed scalar curvature problem consists of finding a conformal metric g to g0 such that F is its scalar curvature. This problem is equivalent to the resolution of the following PDE : -4 (n-1)/(n-2) ∆u+R0 u=Fu((n+2)/(n-2 )) , u>0 , (E), Where R0 is the scalar curvature of the initial metric g0 and ∆ is the laplacian associated with g0.It is a nonlinear elliptic equation, whose the main difficulty comes from the term u((n+2)/(n-2 )). Apart from the case of the standard sphere Sn all the works that study the equation (E) are based on the variational method. In this thesis, we develop another approach based on the study of a family of geometric flows which allows to solve equation (E).The flows introduced are gradient flows associated with two distinct functional functions depending on the sign of R0.The first part of this thesis is devoted to the case R0<0 and in the second part we treat the case R0>0. In both cases, our aim is to proof the global existence of the flow and study its asymptotic behavior at infinity
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Bouyrie, Raphaël. "Influences, stabilité au bruit et déficit isopérimétrique pour des modèles continus et discrets." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30078/document.
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Les travaux menés dans cette thèse sont en lien avec les inégalités fonctionnelles et géométriques, dans le cadre continu et discret. En particulier, nous exploitons le principe de monotonie le long du flot de la chaleur, dont les conséquences ont été nombreuses en analyse, géométrie et probabilité depuis les travaux fondateurs de Bakry et Émery. Plus récemment, ce principe a été utilisé pour répondre à des questions d'informatiques théoriques via l'analyse des fonctions booléennes. Dans une première partie, nous présentons diverses inégalités à intégrales multiples et inégalités de type géométriques obtenues par monotonie le long du semi-groupe de la chaleur. Nous caractérisons, par la plupart d'entre elles, les cas d'égalités et mettons en évidence des phénomènes de rigidité dans le cas de variétés riemanniennes. En particulier nous étudions la rigidité pour le théorème de comparaison isopérimétrique de Bakry-Ledoux en utilisant leur preuve par flot de la chaleur. Cette preuve a été exploitée par Mossel et Neeman pour obtenir un résultat de stabilité robuste dans le cas gaussien. Nous reprenons cette preuve et nous la simplifions, en particulier en éliminant la plupart des arguments spécifiques au cas gaussien. Cela laisse espoir d'obtenir une version quantitative pour des mesures log-concaves plus générales ou sur les sphères euclidiennes de grandes dimensions. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'analyse des fonctions booléennes. Le résultat principal de cette partie est l'extension d'un critère dû à Benjamini, Kalai et Schramm liant sensibilité au bruit et influences d'une fonction booléenne. Ce critère a été récemment étendu sur l'espace gaussien à travers le concept d'influences géométriques. En particulier, nous donnons une nouvelle preuve quantitative de ce résultat, basée sur des arguments de semi-groupes. Le résultat ainsi obtenu s'étend à des modèles de graphes de Schreier plus généraux que le cube ainsi qu'à des modèles continus autre que l'espace gaussien. En particulier, la version quantitative sur les tranches du cube booléen a des conséquences en théorie de la percolation. Dans une dernier chapitre, nous mettons en lien ce critère quantitatif pour donner une généralisation à des graphes produits du théorème "Junta" de Friedgut<br>The general topic of this Ph.D thesis is functional and geometrical inequalities, in both continuous and discrete setting. In particular, we make use of the monotone property along the heat flow, which had led to important developments in analysis, geometry and probability since the pioneer work of Bakry and Émery. More recently, this principle has been used in the analysis of Boolean functions in view of application in theoretical computer science. In the first part, we present some multiple integrals inequalities and geometric type inequalities obtained by monotonicity along the heat flow. We characterize, for most of them, equality cases and we put forward rigidity phenomenon in the setting of Riemannian manifolds. In particular, we study rigidity for the Bakry-Ledoux isoperimetric comparison theorem using their semigroup proof. This proof has been exploited by Mossel and Neeman to derive robust dimension free bounds for the Gaussian isoperimetry. We simplify their proof an in particular remove most of Gaussian-specific parts. This gives hope to derive robust estimates to more general log-concave measures or on high dimensional Euclidean spheres. The second part is devoted to analysis of Boolean functions. The principal contribution in this field is the extension of a criterion of Benjamini, Kalai and Schramm linking noise sensitivity and influences of a Boolean function. Such a criterion has been extended recently in continuous setting via the concept of geometric influence. We give a new, semigroup, proof of a quantitative version of it previously established in the discrete cube and in the Gaussian space. This quantitative version generalizes both to various models of Schreier graphs and more general continuous spaces. In particular, the quantitative version over the slices of the Boolean cube has consequences in percolation theory. In the last chapter, we link this quantitative criterion with a generalization over graph products of the "Junta" theorem of Friedgut
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Engin, Erjona. "Dynamic Analysis Of Flow In Two Dimensional Flow." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609374/index.pdf.
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The Poiseuille Flow is the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a channel between two infinite parallel plates. The behaviour of flow is properly described by the well-known Navier-Stokes Equations. The fact that Navier-Stokes equations are partial differential equations makes their solution difficult. They can rarely be solved in closed form. On the other hand, numerical techniques can be applied successfully to the well-posed partial differential equations.
In the present study pseudo-spectral method is implemented to analyze the Poiseuille Flow. The pseudo-spectral method is a high-accuracy numerical modelling technique. It is an optimum choice for the Poiseuille flow analysis due to the flows simple geometry. The method makes use of Fourier Transform and by handling operations in the Fourier space reduces the difficulty in the solution. Fewer terms are required in a pseudo-spectral orthogonal expansion to achieve the same accuracy as a lower order method.
Karhunen-Loè<br>ve (KL) decomposition is widely used in computational fluid dynamics to achieve reduced storage requirements or construction of relatively low-dimensional models. In this study the KL basis is extracted from the flow field obtained from the direct numerical simulation of the Poiseuille flow.
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Fraunhofer, Wolfgang. "Asymmetrical flow field-flow-fractionation in pharmaceutical analytics." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-84503.
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Abdelwahab, Ahmed Farouk. "Through-flow model for fan/flow-resistance configurations." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Somoano, Rodríguez Miguel. "Performance and flow dynamics in cross-flow turbines." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/553240.
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Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta l'estudi que l'autor va realitzar per comprendre l'efecte de l'angle pitch de la pala sobre les interaccions pala-estela que tenen lloc dins el rotor i, per tant, sobre el rendiment d'una turbina de flux creuat amb tres pales rectes.
En primer lloc, hem estudiat experimentalment el rendiment d'aquest tipus de turbina en un túnel de vent de capa límit. Ho vam fer per a diferents pitches fixos de les pales, i amb diferents nombres de Reynolds basats en el diàmetre de la turbina que cobreixen la regió de transició en què el parell produït per les pales va superar el parell resistiu oposat. La forma i els valors de la corba de rendiment van canviar dràsticament amb només un increment de l'angle pitch fix. Com més gran sigui el nombre de Reynolds, menor és el tip speed ratio òptim i més cap al toe-out es mou l'angle pitch ideal.
Posteriorment, vam estudiar experimentalment la dinàmica de flux dins el rotor per diferents pitches de la pala en un tanc d'aigua amb carro, usant Digital Particle Image Velocimetry. Els assajos es van realitzar a un nombre de Reynolds basat en el diàmetre de la turbina constant, i per a un rang de tip speed ratios. L'atenció se centra en l'anàlisi de les interaccions pala-estela dins el rotor. Angles toe-in i excessius toe-out s'han associat a baixos rendiments d'aquest tipus de turbines. La investigació ens ha permès relacionar les interaccions pala-estela amb les diferències de rendiment en aquest tipus de turbines, en funció del tip speed ratio i de l'angle pitch de la pala.<br>Esta tesis doctoral presenta el estudio que el autor realizó para comprender el efecto del ángulo pitch de la pala sobre las interacciones pala-estela que tienen lugar dentro del rotor y, por lo tanto, sobre el rendimiento de una turbina de de flujo cruzado con tres palas rectas.
En primer lugar, hemos estudiado experimentalmente el rendimiento de este tipo de turbina en un túnel de viento de capa límite. Lo hicimos para diferentes pitches fijos de las palas, y con diferentes números de Reynolds basados en el diámetro de la turbina que cubren la región de transición en la que el par producido por las palas superó al par resistivo opuesto. La forma y los valores de la curva de rendimiento cambiaron drásticamente con sólo un incremento del ángulo pitch fijo. Cuanto mayor sea el número de Reynolds, menor es el tip speed ratio óptimo y más hacia el toe-out se mueve el ángulo pitch ideal.
Posteriormente, estudiamos experimentalmente la dinámica de flujo dentro del rotor para diferentes pitches de la pala en un tanque de agua con carro, usando Digital Particle Image Velocimetry. Los ensayos se realizaron a un número de Reynolds basado en el diámetro de la turbina constante, y para un rango de tip speed ratios. La atención se centra en el análisis de las interacciones pala-estela dentro del rotor. Ángulos toe-in y excesivos toe-out se han asociado a bajos rendimientos de este tipo de turbinas. La investigación nos ha permitido relacionar las interacciones pala-estela con las diferencias de rendimiento en este tipo de turbinas, en función del tip speed ratio operativo y del ángulo pitch de la pala.<br>This doctoral thesis presents the study that the author have carried out in order to understand the effect of the blade pitch angle on the blade-wake interactions that take place inside the rotor, and hence on the performance of a three straight bladed cross-flow turbine.
Firstly, we have experimentally studied the performance of this kind of turbine in a boundary layer wind tunnel. We did it for different fixed blade pitches, and at different turbine diameter Reynolds numbers covering the transitional region in which the torque produced by the blades overtook the opposed resistive torque. Shape and values of the performance curve changed drastically with just an increment of the fixed pitch angle. The higher the Reynolds number, the lower the optimal tip speed ratio and the more towards toe-out the ideal pitch angle is moved.
Afterwards, we study experimentally the flow dynamics inside the rotor for different blade pitches in a water towing tank, using planar Digital Particle Image Velocimetry. Tests were made at a constant turbine diameter Reynolds number, and for a range of tip speed ratios. The focus is given to the analysis of the blade-wake interactions inside the rotor. Toe-in and excessive toe-out angles have been associated to low performances of this type of turbines. The investigation has allowed us to relate the blade-wake interactions with the performance differences in this type of turbines, as a function of both the operational tip speed ratio and the blade pitch angle.
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Su, Chih-Chun. "Flow characteristics and performance of mixed-flow turbines." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416862.
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Manshoor, Bukhari bin. "Fractal flow conditioners for orifice plate flow meters." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574554.
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The orifice plate flow meter is the most common form of differential pressure flow meter used in industry. The standard discharge coefficient, which is defined by both British Standard and [SO 5167, is only valid if the flow approaching the meter is perfectly settled and fully developed. However, in practical applications the flow approaching the orifice meter is often disturbed by pipe-fittings and consequently the measurements become inaccurate. Basically, the design of the orifice plate meters that are independent of the upstream disturbances is a main goal for orifice plate metering. Either using a long straight pipe, or a flow conditioner upstream of an orifice plate, usually achieves this goal. In this project the effect of the fractal flow conditioner for both standard and non-standard flow conditions has been investigated in an experimental rig and simulation work. The results of using a combination of the fratal flow conditioner and orifice plate for non-standard flow conditions including swirling flow and asymmetric flow show that this package can preserve the accuracy of metering up to the level required in the Standards. The simulation results also show that the device can be used as a part of a flow metering package that will considerably reduce installation lengths. According to the main idea to introduce a predetermined turbulence flow caused by a flow conditioner for orifice plate flow metering, author was introduced another type of flow conditioner known as a metal foam flow conditioner. Open-cell metal foams with a porosity of 78.8% was formed and fashioned as a flow conditioner. Again the experimental results using the metal foam flow conditioner showed this metal foam flow conditioner demonstrated a good performance in terms of removing swirl and producing a repeatedly same flow profile within a short distance downstream of the flow conditioner. Furthermore, the low pressure drop across the metal foam is another advantage of this flow conditioner where the pressure loss coefficient for this flow conditioner is approximately 2.5.
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FERREIRA, ANA LUISA AULER DA SILVA. "ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY IN FLOW MEASUREMENT OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16724@1.
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O presente trabalho avalia a influência da instalação em medidores de vazão
ultrassônicos, utilizando simulação numérica. Foram apresentadas características
dos medidores ultrassônicos e questões sobre a configuração da modelagem do
escoamento que podem influenciar nos resultados numéricos. Foram descritos os
procedimentos utilizados para traçar as linhas e para calcular a velocidade média
no medidor e o erro de medição. Foi mostrado o efeito de uma curva, duas curvas
no mesmo plano e duas curvas em planos perpendiculares, em medidores
ultrassônicos de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 8 canais, com diferentes arranjos. Também foi
analisado o efeito de um degrau no resultado do medidor ultrassônico por meio de
simulação de medidores 1 a 5 canais e por calibração de medidores de 3 canais.
Foram utilizados fatores, calculados pela razão entre a velocidade indicada pelo
medidor em um dado local e a velocidade que seria indicada pelo mesmo medidor
em escoamento completamente desenvolvido. Logo após uma curva, os fatores
para medidores de 1 canal variaram de 0,40 a 1,28; para medidores de 3 canais, de
0,5 a 1,42; e para medidores de 4 e 5 canais, as diferenças chegaram a ultrapassar
10%. A 20D após uma curva, medidores de 2 e 3 canais indicaram fatores de 0,9 a
1,08 e medidores de 4 e 5 canais, fatores de 0,99 a 1,04. Os parâmetros de
diagnóstico analisados não se mostraram eficazes e sua utilização não é
recomendada. Pela simulação, um degrau convergente de -4% gera diferenças na
ordem de 0,3% para medidores de 3 canais e, para degrau divergente de 4%, as
diferenças ultrapassam 0,5%. A diferença entre os resultados das calibrações com
e sem degrau ficou entre 0,18% a 0,3%. A simulação numérica é uma ferramenta
útil na análise dos medidores ultrassônicos e mostrou a sensibilidade desses
medidores a variações no perfil de velocidades.<br>The present work evaluates the influence of the installation in ultrasonic
flow meters, using numerical simulation. Ultrasonic meter characteristics and
issues about the flow modeling configuration that may influence the numerical
results were presented. Procedures used to draw the lines and to calculate the
meter mean velocity and the measurement error were described. The effect of one
curve, two curves at the same plane and two curves at perpendicular planes at 1, 2,
3, 4, 5 and 8-path meters with different arrangements were shown. Also, the effect
of one step at the results of ultrasonic meters was analyzed by the simulation of 1
to 5-paths meters and by the calibration of a 3 path meters. Factors calculated by
the ratio between the velocity indicated by the meter in a certain position and the
velocity that would be indicated by the meter in a fully developed flow. Just after one
curve, the factors for 1-path meters varied from 0.40 to 1.28; for 3-path meters,
from 0.5 to 1.42; and for 4 and 5-path meters, the differences were higher than
10%. At 20D downstream of one curve, 2 and 3-path meters indicated factors
equal to 0.9 and 1.08; and 4 and 5-path meters, factors equal to 0.99 to 1.04. The
diagnostic parameters analyzed were not efficient and their use is not
recommended. By the simulation, a convergent step of -4% generates differences
about 0.3% for 3-path meters and for a divergent step -f 4%, the differences are
higher than 0.5%. The differences between the calibration results with and
without steps were from 0.18% to 0.3%. The numerical simulation is a useful tool
in the ultrasonic meter analyses and showed the sensitivity of these meters to
velocity profile variations.
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Sobek, Daniel. "Microfabricated fused silica flow chambers for flow cytometry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10262.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-116).<br>by Daniel Sobek.<br>Ph.D.
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Ariyoshi, Gen. "Flow Characteristics of Lead-Bismuth Two-phase Flow." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242325.
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Fält, Åsa. "Flow Office." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43554.
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Espinoza, Díaz Melissa Griselle, Moncada Lissette Vanessa Malaga, Valdiviezo Luis Paul Marchand, and Vargas Wilfredo Misari. "Divina flor." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624938.
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El presente trabajo tiene como objeto dar a conocer nuestra idea y el desarrollo de nuestro proyecto enfocado al E-commerce, siguiendo las pautas de los modelos y enfocándonos desde el problema o necesidad que existe en el mercado de Lima Metropolitana, para luego proceder con la validación y por último buscar una solución viable para nuestra idea de negocio.Según CAPECE “Cámara Peruana de Comercio Electrónico”, las ventas por internet alcanzaron los US$ 2,800 millones en 2016, lo que implica un crecimiento del 198%. Dentro de este porcentaje, están los compradores que adquieren servicios o productos para decoración de sus hogares, tales como, muebles, cuadros, iluminación, flores, espejos, entre otros. Por ello Suscripción Divina Flor, representa una alternativa de solución, ajustándose a las nuevas necesidades de un público con un sistema de Suscripción para el Servicio Delivery de Flores. Luego de analizar la tendencia de las ventas de flores y las compras online, en el presente trabajo analizaremos la viabilidad de la idea de negocio de crear el servicio de entrega de flores, enfocado en el sector socioeconómico B, hombres y/o mujeres de 22 a 55 años; que gusten de los detalles y que interactúen en las redes sociales.<br>The present work aims to present our idea and the development of our project focused on E-commerce, following the guidelines of the models and focusing on the problem or need that exists in the Metropolitan Lima market, then proceed with the validation and finally look for a viable solution for our business idea. According to CAPECE "Peruvian Chamber of Electronic Commerce", Internet sales reached US $ 2,800 million in 2016, which implies a growth of 198%. Within this percentage are buyers who purchase services or products for decorating their homes, such as furniture, paintings, lighting, flowers and mirrors, among others. Therefore Divina Flor Subscription represents an alternative solution, adjusting to the new needs of an audience with a Subscription system for the Delivery Service of Flowers. After analyzing the trend of flower sales and online shopping, in this paper we will analyze the viability of the business idea of creating the flower delivery service, focused on the socioeconomic sector B, men and / or women of 22 to 55 years old; that they like the details and that they interact in the social networks.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Armstrong, Holly. "Natural Flow." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/694.
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Nature never ceases to amaze me with momentary observations of fluid energy: the purposeful curvature of a blue heron's neck; the pattern of water as it sweeps across a rock sculpted by that very motion; the changing light and shadows created as wind blows through tall grasses. The spark of beauty in these moments lies in the energy that causes this constant change. To capture this energy, either potential or kinetic, and embody it through textures and flow of mass, is my essential goal as an artist.
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Åsén, Per-Olov. "Stability of plane Couette flow and pipe Poiseuille flow." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Numerisk Analys och Datalogi, NADA, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4368.
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This thesis concerns the stability of plane Couette flow and pipe Poiseuille flow in three space dimensions. The mathematical model for both flows is the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations. Both analytical and numerical techniques are used. We present new results for the resolvent corresponding to both flows. For plane Couette flow, analytical bounds on the resolvent have previously been derived in parts of the unstable half-plane. In the remaining part, only bounds based on numerical computations in an infinite parameter domain are available. Due to the need for truncation of this infinite parameter domain, these results are mathematically insufficient. We obtain a new analytical bound on the resolvent at s=0 in all but a compact subset of the parameter domain. This is done by deriving approximate solutions of the Orr--Sommerfeld equation and bounding the errors made by the approximations. In the remaining compact set, we use standard numerical techniques to obtain a bound. Hence, this part of the proof is not rigorous in the mathematical sense. In the thesis, we present a way of making also the numerical part of the proof rigorous. By using analytical techniques, we reduce the remaining compact subset of the parameter domain to a finite set of parameter values. In this set, we need to compute bounds on the solution of a boundary value problem. By using a validated numerical method, such bounds can be obtained. In the thesis, we investigate a validated numerical method for enclosing the solutions of boundary value problems. For pipe Poiseuille flow, only numerical bounds on the resolvent have previously been derived. We present analytical bounds in parts of the unstable half-plane. Also, we derive a bound on the resolvent for certain perturbations. Especially, the bound is valid for the perturbation which numerical computations indicate to be the perturbation which exhibits largest transient growth. The bound is valid in the entire unstable half-plane. We also investigate the stability of pipe Poiseuille flow by direct numerical simulations. Especially, we consider a disturbance which experiments have shown is efficient in triggering turbulence. The disturbance is in the form of blowing and suction in two small holes. Our results show the formation of hairpin vortices shortly after the disturbance. Initially, the hairpins form a localized packet of hairpins as they are advected downstream. After approximately $10$ pipe diameters from the disturbance origin, the flow becomes severely disordered. Our results show good agreement with the experimental results. In order to perform direct numerical simulations of disturbances which are highly localized in space, parallel computers must be used. Also, direct numerical simulations require the use of numerical methods of high order of accuracy. Many such methods have a global data dependency, making parallelization difficult. In this thesis, we also present the process of parallelizing a code for direct numerical simulations of pipe Poiseuille flow for a distributed memory computer.<br>QC 20100825
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Mushyam, Aditya. "Effects of flow control on flow past bluff bodies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398031.
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The aim of this Ph.D. thesis, "Effects of flow control on flow past bluff bodies" is to study and analyzes the effects of Flow Control on various aspects and proverbs of flow past bluff bodies. Flow control techniques are presently researched and studied across the world to gauge their effectiveness in altering flow properties and patterns in different flow scenarios. The inspiration for the present work is derived from automobile industry, as analyzing the flow over backward step and inclined step shall help in understanding the characteristics of the rear vehicle wake. Since a considerable percentage of the energy needed to propel the vehicle is dissipated by the vorticity generated in the rear of the vehicle, hence it is of utmost importance to understand the properties of the wake. In the present study various possibilities were explored for application and examine effectiveness of active flow control techniques in bluff bodies to increase the aerodynamic efficiency. The primary aim of the study is to reduce the drag acting on bluff bodies by determining an effective active flow control technique and configuration.
Two different kinds of Active Flow Control techniques have been used in this thesis namely, "Zero Net Mass Flow Actuator" and "Fluidic Actuator". The characteristics of laminar and turbulent boundary layer were analyzed and the effectiveness of flow control in delaying the detachment of the boundary layer was analyzed. Numerical simulation programs were developed in C language for simulating various cases in the thesis and a 3D LES turbulence modeling finite volume code was developed using Smagorinsky-Lilly model in C language for the simulating the flow over backward step in turbulence regime. All the numerical simulation codas were validated with previous research works. The thesis is divided into five chapters analyzing flow over square cylinder, backward step and inclined step geometries in 2D and 3D in laminar and turbulent regimes<br>L'objectiu de aquesta tesi doctoral, "Effects offlow control on flow past bluff bodies", és estudiar i analitzar els efectes del control de flux sobre diferents aspectes del flux al voltant de cossos genèrics, Bluff bodies. Les tècniques de control de flux estan en la actualitat sota recerca a nivell mundial, doncs és necessari estudiar l'efectivitat del flux aportat sobre les propietats i els patrons vermiculars del corrent de flux principal. El present treball està inspirat en la indústria del automòbil, així l’anàlisi del flux sobre un esgraó o be una superfície inclinada, ha de permetre entendre les característiques de l'estela de flux a la part del darrera de un vehicle automòbil. Aquest estudi es especialment rellevant quan es considera que una quantitat important de l'energia necessària per desplaçar un vehicle es dissipa gràcies a les estructures vorticulars formades a la part de darrera del vehicle. En aquesta tesi s'han examinat diverses possibilitats de aplicació de les tècniques de control actiu de flux per millorar la efectivitat a l'hora de incrementar la eficiència aerodinàmica sobre cossos genèrics, Bluff bodies. La finalitat bàsica de aquest estudi, és reduir les forces de arrossegament sobre cossos genèrics, gràcies a la determinació de la tècnica de control de fluid més efectiva i la seva implementació pràctica. Dues tècniques diferents de control actiu de fluid han sigut avaluades en aquesta tesi, la definida per un actuador amb flux net nul, "Zero Not Mass Flow Actuator", i la definida per la utilització de un actuador amb un flux net positiu, o be actuador fluídic, "Fluidic Actuator". Les característiques de la capa límit laminar i turbulenta han sigut analitzades així com la efectivitat del control de flux respecte el desplaçament aigües avall del despreniment de la capa límit. Tots els programes utilitzats per toles les simulacions numèriques han sigut creats per el autor de la tesi en llenguatge C, per el que fa referència a les simulacions tridimensionals en règim turbulent, el model de turbulència LES implementat
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Bogner, Christina. "Analysis of flow patterns and flow mechanisms in soils." Thesis, Bayreuth Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997214058/34.
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Kim, Youngho. "Online traffic flow model applying dynamic flow density relations." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964751909.
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Wongl, Li Shing. "Flow and heat transfer in buoyancy induced rotating flow." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250118.
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Basnet, Keshav. "Flow around porous barriers: fundamental flow physics and applications." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1824.
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Investigating flow and turbulence structure around a barrier mounted on the ground or placed in its vicinity is a fundamental problem in wind engineering because of many practical applications related to protection against adverse effects induced by major wind storms (e.g., hurricanes) and snow events (e.g., snow fences used to reduce adverse effects of snow drifting on the roads). In this work the focus is on the case when the obstacle/barrier is porous and the shape of the obstacle is close to a high-aspect-ratio rectangular cylinder situated in the vicinity of the ground. The study employs a range of numerical and experimental techniques to achieve this goal that include 3D LES and 2D RANS numerical simulations, and RTK survey and 3D photogrammetry techniques to measure ground elevations and snow deposits in the field.
In the first part of the study, high-resolution large eddy simulations are used to understand the fundamental flow physics of flow past 2D solid and porous vertical plates with a special focus on describing the unsteady wind loads on the obstacle, vortical structure of the turbulent wake, spectral content of the wake, the separated shear layers and of the characteristics of the large-scale vortex shedding behind the plate, if present. Results show that LES can accurately predict mean flow and turbulence statistics around solid/porous cylinders. Then, a detailed parametric study of flow past vertical solid and porous plates situated in the vicinity of a horizontal bed is performed for the purpose of understanding changes in the mean flow structure, turbulence statistics and dynamics of large scale coherent structures as a function of the main nondimensional geometrical parameters (bottom gap for solid and porous plates, and porosity and average hole size of porous plates) and flow variables (e.g., bed roughness) that affect the wake flow. In particular, the LES flow fields allowed clarifying how the interactions between the bottom and the top separated shear layers change with increasing bottom gap and what is the effect of the bleeding flow on the interactions between the separated shear layers that determine the coherence of the large-scale eddies at large distances from the wake.
In the second part of the thesis, a novel methodology based on field monitoring of the snow deposits and RANS numerical simulations is proposed to improve the design of snow fences and in particular the design of lightweight plastic snow fences that are commonly used to protect roads in the US Midwest against the snow drifting. The goal of the design optimization procedure is to propose a snow fence design that can retain a considerable amount of snow within a shorter downwind distance compared to fences of standard design. A major contribution of the present thesis was the development of a novel non-intrusive image-based technique that can be used to quantitatively estimate the temporal evolution of the volume of snow trapped by a fence over long periods of time. This technique is based on 3-D close range photogrammetry. Results showed that this technique can produce estimations of the snow deposits of comparable accuracy to that given by commonly used methods. This is the first application of this type of techniques to measurements of the snow deposits.
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Kerekes, Rudolf. "Electrolyte flow rate control for Hydrogen Bromine Flow Batteries." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263240.
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The need for energy storage solutions became more significant with the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in the electricity grid. In the last decades, the flow batteries have gained increasing attention. They have several advantages compared to the conventional battery technologies. Among these, the Hydrogen Bromine Flow Batteries offer a low cost energy storage solution by using globally abundant materials, since Hydrogen and Bromine can be found in large quantities in the oceans. This study was conducted to find out the relation between electrolyte flow rate and electrochemical cell performance and to give a suggestion for dynamic flow rate control to maximize the battery system performance. First, a theoretical model was built to describe the behaviour of the system in various conditions. However, the lack of information of the parameters led the research towards experimental analysis. A small scale system with cell power range of 10 to 14 W and pump power range of 2.6 to 6.8 W was built for the experiments to analyse the cell power at different flow rate values (122 ml/min, 185 ml/min and 230 ml/min). Also, the aim was to observe the gains of using dynamic flow rate (122 ml/min and 230 ml/min used at specific periods of the cycles). The results show that for small scale systems there is no net positive energy gain due to the small power of the battery compared to the power of the pump. However, there were improvements found in battery capacity with 28 % increase, and in Coulombic efficiency with 2.47 % increase, if the largerflow rate was used. Furthermore, a 55% pumping energy saving was reached if the dynamic flow rate was used instead of constant maximum flow rate. In addition, a large scale system was designed, which would be able to integrate a PID control concept for dynamic flow rate control in kW scale batteries. Further work will be required for building and testing the proposed large scale system, which tend to model a commercial size Hydrogen Bromine Flow Battery.<br>Behovet av energilagringslösningar blev mer betydande med den ökande penetrationen av förnybara energikällor i elnätet. Under de senaste decennierna har flödesbatterierna fått ökad uppmärksamhet. De harflera fördelar jämfört med konventionella batteriteknologier. Då väte och brom finns i stora mängder i haven, erbjuder vätebromflödesbatterier en billig lösning för energilagring genom att använda globalt rikligt förekommande material. Denna studie genomfördes för att ta reda på sambandet mellan elektrolytflödeshastighet och elektrokemisk cellprestanda och för att ge ett förslag för dynamisk flödeshastighetskontroll för att maximera batterisystemets prestanda. Först byggdes en teoretisk modell för att beskriva systemets beteende under olika förhållanden. Emellertid ledde bristen på information om parametrarna forskningen mot experimentell analys. Ett småskaligt system med celleffektintervall från 10till 14 W och pumpeffektintervall på 2.6 till 6.8 W byggdes för experimenten för att analysera celleffekten vid olika flödeshastighetsvärden (122 ml / min, 185 ml / min och 230 ml / min). Syftet var också att observera vinsterna med att använda dynamisk flödeshastighet (122 ml / min och 230 ml / min använd vidspecifika perioder av cyklerna). Resultaten visar att för småskaliga system finns det ingen nettopositiv energivinst på grund av batteriets lilla effekt jämfört med pumpens effekt. Det fanns emellertid förbättringari batterikapacitet med en ökning på 28% och i Coulombic effektivitet med en ökning på 2.47% om den större flödeshastigheten användes. Det uppnåddes även en energibesparing på 55% om den dynamiska flödeshastigheten användes istället för konstant maximal flödeshastighet. Dessutom utformades ett storskaligt system som skulle kunna integrera ett PID-kontrollkoncept för dynamisk flödeshastighetskontroll i kW-skalbatterier. Ytterligare arbete kommer att krävas för att bygga och testa det föreslagna storskaliga systemet, som tenderar att modellera ett kommersiellt vätebromflödesbatteri.
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Sundström, Elias. "Centrifugal compressor flow instabilities at low mass flow rate." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184869.
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Turbochargers play an important role in increasing the energetic efficiency andreducing emissions of modern power-train systems based on downsized recipro-cating internal combustion engines (ICE). The centrifugal compressor in tur-bochargers is limited at off-design operating conditions by the inception of flowinstabilities causing rotating stall and surge. They occur at reduced enginespeeds (low mass flow rates), i.e. typical operating conditions for a betterengine fuel economy, harming ICEs efficiency. Moreover, unwanted unsteadypressure loads within the compressor are induced; thereby lowering the com-pressors operating life-time. Amplified noise and vibration are also generated,resulting in a notable discomfort. The thesis aims for a physics-based understanding of flow instabilities andthe surge inception phenomena using numerical methods. Such knowledge maypermit developing viable surge control technologies that will allow turbocharg-ers to operate safer and more silent over a broader operating range. Therefore,broadband turbulent enabled compressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES) cal-culations have been performed and several flow-driven instabilities have beencaptured under unstable conditions. LES produces large amounts of 3D datawhich has been post-processed using Fourier spectra and Dynamic Mode De-composition (DMD). These techniques are able to quantify modes in the flowfield by extracting large coherent flow structures and characterize their relativecontribution to the total fluctuation energy at associated. Among the mainfindings, a dominant mode was found which describes the filling and emptyingprocess during surge. A narrowband feature at half of the rotating order wasidentified to correspond to co-rotating vortices upstream of the impeller faceas well as elevated velocity magnitude regions propagating tangentially in thediffuser and the volute. Dominant mode shapes were also found at the rotatingorder frequency and its harmonics, which manifest as a spinning mode shapelocalized at the diffuser inlet. From the compressible LES flow solution one can extract the acoustic infor-mation and the noise affiliated with the compressor. This enable through datacorrelation quantifying the flow-acoustics coupling phenomena in the compres-sor. Detailed comparison of flow (pressure, velocity) and aeroacoustics (soundpressure levels) predictions in terms of time-averaged, fluctuating quantities,and spectra is carried out against experimental measurements.<br><p>QC 20160406</p>
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Wong, Wai-Lid. "Flow development and mixing in three phase slug flow." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7780.
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Pook, Julian. "Kähler and almost-Kähler geometric flows." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209324.
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Les objects d'étude principaux de la thèse "Flots géométriques kähleriens et presque-kähleriens" sont des généralisations du flot de Calabi et du flot hermitienne de Yang--Mills. <p> Le flot de Calabi $partial_t omega = -i delbar del S(omega) =- i delbar del Lambda_omega <p> ho(omega) $ tente de déformer une forme initiale kählerienne vers une forme kählerienne $omega_c$ de courbure scalaire constante caractérisée par $S(omega_c) = Lambda_{omega_c} <p> ho(omega_c) = underline{S}$ dans la même classe de cohomologie. La généralisation étudiée est le flot de Calabi twisté qui remplace la forme de Kähler--Ricci $ho$ par $ho + alpha(t)$, où le emph{twist} $alpha(t)$ est une famille de $2$-formes qui converge vers $alpha_infty$. Le but de ce flot est de trouver des métriques kähleriennes $omega_{tc}$ de courbure scalaire twistées constantes caractérisées par $Lambda_{omega_{tc}} (ho(omega_{tc}) +alpha_infty) = underline{S} + underline{alpha}_infty$. L'existence et la convergence de ce flot sont établies sur des surfaces de Riemann à condition que le twist soit défini négatif et reste dans une classe de cohomologie fixe. <p>Si $E$ est un fibré véctoriel holomorphe sur une varieté kählerienne $(X,omega)$, une métrique de Hermite--Einstein $h_{he}$ est caractérisée par la condition $Lambda_omega i F_{he} = lambda id_E$. Le flot hermitien de Yang--Mills donné par $h^{-1}partial_t h =- [Lambda_omega iF_{h} - lambda id_E]$ tente de déformer une métrique hermitienne initiale vers une métrique Hermite--Einstein. La version classique du flot fixe la forme kählerienne $omega$. Le cas où $omega$ varie dans sa classe de cohomologie et converge vers $omega_infty$ est considéré dans la thèse. Il est démontré que le flot existe pour tout $t$ sur des surfaces de Riemann et converge vers une métrique Hermite--Einstein (par rapport à $omega_infty$) si le fibré $E$ est stable. <p> Les généralisations du flot de Calabi et du flot hermitien de Yang--Mills ne sont pas arbitraires, mais apparaissent naturellement comme une approximation du flot de Calabi sur des fibrés adiabatiques. Si $Z,X$ sont des variétés complexes compactes, $pi colon Z \<br>Doctorat en Sciences<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Welderufael, W. A., and Y. E. Woyessa. "Stream flow analysis and comparison of methods for base flow separation : case study of the Modder River basin in central South Africa." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 8, Issue 2: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/375.
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Published Article<br>A stream flow at an outlet of a catchment can be entirely a base flow or direct flow or a combination of both. The base flow component of a stream is mainly contributed from the ground water storage which often is an open aquifer whereas the direct flow component is mainly the result of a direct response of a rainfall event. The Upper Modder river basin catchment is considered to be the origin of the Modder River which supplies water to Rustfontein Dam, situated at the outlet of the C52A with an area of 928 km2. Nine years of daily stream flow showed a continuous none zero discharge throughout the year. During the rainy season the discharge of the stream increases significantly. Thus, it is necessary to separate the direct and base flow of the stream in order to understand the important component that is more likely to be affected by different land use changes in a catchment.
The Modder river daily mean flow at the inlet of Rustfontein dam (in Central South Africa) was analysed using four base flow separation methods, the Nathan & McMahon (N&M), the Chapman, Smakhtin & Watkins (S&W) method and the frequency duration analysis. All the methods gave higher percentage of the low flow component, except for the S&W method which underestimated it. The N&M filtering equation gave base flow components greater than 66% in 1999 and increased to 84% in 2007 while the Chapman equation revealed 65% and 74% in 1999 and 2007, respectively. Similarly, the frequency duration analysis gave 62% in 1999 and increased to 79% in 2007. The frequency duration analysis gave up to 13% lower percentage than the N&M (1990) filtering equation. The nine year base flow averages are 69%, 69% and 75% for frequency duration analysis, Chapman (1999) and N&M (1990) filtering equations, respectively. The result revealed that the Modder River is largely supplied by the ground water discharge. The result seemed to concur with the fact that for a semi-arid catchment such as the Modder river basin, with an average annual runoff coefficient of approximately 6%, the contribution of annual rainfall to direct runoff is very minimal.
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Rais, Martin. "Fast and accurate image registration. Applications to on-board satellite imaging." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN077/document.
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Cette thèse commence par une étude approfondie des méthodes d’estimation de décalage sous-pixeliques rapides. Une comparaison complète est effectuée prenant en compte problèmes d’estimation de décalage existant dans des applications réelles, à savoir, avec différentes conditions de SNR, différentes grandeurs de déplacement, la non préservation de la contrainte de luminosité constante, l’aliasing et, surtout, la limitation des ressources de calcul. Sur la base de cette étude, en collaboration avec le CNES (l’agence spatiale française), deux problèmes qui sont cruciaux pour l’optique numérique des satellites d’observation de la terre sont analysés. Nous étudions d’abord le problème de correction de front d’onde dans le contexte de l’optique actif. Nous proposons un algorithme pour mesurer les aberrations de front d’onde sur un senseur de type Shack-Hartmann (SHWFS en anglais) en observant la terre. Nous proposons ici une revue de l’état de l’art des méthodes pour le SHWFS utilisé sur des scènes étendues (comme la terre) et concevons une nouvelle méthode pour améliorer l’estimation de front d’onde, en utilisant une approche basée sur l’équation du flot optique. Nous proposons également deux méthodes de validation afin d’assurer une estimation correcte du front d’onde sur les scènes étendues. Tandis que la première est basée sur une adaptation numérique des bornes inférieures (théoriques) pour le recalage d’images, la seconde méthode défausse rapidement les paysages en se basant sur la distribution des gradients. La deuxième application de satellite abordée est la conception numérique d’une nouvelle génération de senseur du type Time Delay Integration (TDI). Dans ce nouveau concept, la stabilisation active en temps réel du TDI est réalisée pour étendre considérablement le temps d’intégration, et donc augmenter le RSB des images. Les lignes du TDI ne peuvent pas être fusionnées directement par addition parce que leur position est modifiée par des microvibrations. Celles-ci doivent être compensées en temps réel avec une précision sous-pixellique. Nous étudions les limites fondamentales théoriques de ce problème et proposons une solution qui s’en approche. Nous présentons un système utilisant la convolution temporelle conjointement à une estimation en ligne du bruit de capteur, à une estimation de décalage basée sur les gradients et à une méthode multiimage non conventionnelle pour mesurer les déplacements globaux. Les résultats obtenus sont concluants sur les fronts de la précision et de la complexité. Pour des modèles de transformation plus complexes, une nouvelle méthode effectuant l’estimation précise et robuste des modèles de mise en correspondance des points d’intérêt entre images est proposée. La difficulté provenant de la présence de fausses correspondances et de mesures bruitées conduit à un échec des méthodes de régression traditionnelles. En vision par ordinateur, RANSAC est certainement la méthode la plus utilisée pour surmonter ces difficultés. RANSAC est capable de discriminer les fausses correspondances en générant de façon aléatoire des hypothèses et en vérifiant leur consensus. Cependant, sa réponse est basée sur la seule itération qui a obtenu le consensus le plus large, et elle ignore toutes les autres hypothèses. Nous montrons ici que la précision peut être améliorée en agrégeant toutes les hypothèses envisagées. Nous proposons également une stratégie simple qui permet de moyenner rapidement des transformations 2D, ce qui réduit le coût supplémentaire de calcul à quantité négligeable. Nous donnons des applications réelles pour estimer les transformations projectives et les transformations homographie + distorsion. En incluant une adaptation simple de LO-RANSAC dans notre cadre, l’approche proposée bat toutes les méthodes de l’état de l’art. Une analyse complète de l’approche proposée est réalisée, et elle démontre un net progrès en précision, stabilité et polyvalence<br>This thesis starts with an in-depth study of fast and accurate sub-pixel shift estimationmethods. A full comparison is performed based on the common shift estimation problems occurring in real-life applications, namely, varying SNR conditions, differentdisplacement magnitudes, non-preservation of the brightness constancy constraint, aliasing, and most importantly, limited computational resources. Based on this study, in collaboration with CNES (the French space agency), two problems that are crucial for the digital optics of earth-observation satellites are analyzed.We first study the wavefront correction problem in an active optics context. We propose a fast and accurate algorithm to measure the wavefront aberrations on a Shack-HartmannWavefront Sensor (SHWFS) device observing the earth. We give here a review of state-of-the-art methods for SHWFS used on extended scenes (such as the earth) and devise a new method for improving wavefront estimation, based on a carefully refined approach based on the optical flow equation. This method takes advantage of the small shifts observed in a closed-loop wavefront correction system, yielding improved accuracy using fewer computational resources. We also propose two validation methods to ensure a correct wavefront estimation on extended scenes. While the first one is based on a numerical adaptation of the (theoretical) lower bounds of image registration, the second method rapidly discards landscapes based on the gradient distribution, inferred from the Eigenvalues of the structure tensor.The second satellite-based application that we address is the numerical design of a new generation of Time Delay Integration (TDI) sensor. In this new concept, active real-time stabilization of the TDI is performed to extend considerably the integration time, and therefore to boost the images SNR. The stripes of the TDI cannot be fused directly by addition because their position is altered by microvibrations. These must be compensated in real time using limited onboard computational resources with high subpixel accuracy. We study the fundamental performance limits for this problem and propose a real-time solution that nonetheless gets close to the theoretical limits. We introduce a scheme using temporal convolution together with online noise estimation, gradient-based shift estimation and a non-conventional multiframe method for measuring global displacements. The obtained results are conclusive on the fronts of accuracy and complexity and have strongly influenced the final decisions on the future configurations of Earth observation satellites at CNES.For more complex transformation models, a new image registration method performing accurate robust model estimation through point matches between images is proposed here. The difficulty coming from the presence of outliers causes the failure of traditional regression methods. In computer vision, RANSAC is definitely the most renowned method that overcomes such difficulties. It discriminates outliers by randomly generating minimalist sampled hypotheses and verifying their consensus over the input data. However, its response is based on the single iteration that achieved the largest inlier support, while discarding all other generated hypotheses. We show here that the resulting accuracy can be improved by aggregating all hypotheses. We also propose a simple strategy that allows to rapidly average 2D transformations, leading to an almost negligible extra computational cost. We give practical applications to the estimation of projective transforms and homography+distortion transforms. By including a straightforward adaptation of the locally optimized RANSAC in our framework, the proposed approach improves over every other available state-of-the-art method. A complete analysis of the proposed approach is performed, demonstrating its improved accuracy, stability and versatility
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Bergström, Roger. "Fibre flow mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fiber- och polymerteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240.
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The flow behaviour, and primarily the floc-floc interaction, of pulp paper suspensions have been studied visually. Analogy models based on these observations have been developed as well as the identification of important parameters of floc break-up in low shear rate flow fields. Floc compressions and the locations of voids (areas of lower fibre concentration) where found to influence the floc splitting mechanism. Based on this investigation an equipment for measuring the load carrying ability of fibre flocs and networks was designed, and the effect of measurement geometry, network structure and fibre suspension concentration was investigated. The load carrying ability with concentration increases rapidly when going from 1% to 2% in initial suspension concentration. A model handling the fibre floc behaviour during extension and compression has been developed, and some basic flocculated flow mechanisms are discussed on an analogy basis. A modified Voigt element is use, describing mainly the compressional behaviour and plastic behaviour of loose fibre network structures. Further the pos- sibility of stress chain formation is discussed on a fibre level as well as on a floc level. The effect of fibre flow (shear field) occurring in the forming zone of a roll former has been studied in detail. Basic forming mechanisms on floc scale has been investi- gated, and the effect of running parameters like dewatering pressure and jet-to-wire speed difference as well as the fibre type and concentration of the pulp suspension has been evaluated. It is evident that floc elongation increases with shear rate (jet-to-wire speed difference) and lower dewatering rate. The latter is because the fibre floc is subjected to the shear field longer due to slower immobilisation. Shorter fibre tends to create weaker networks, which promotes a higher elongation of the flocs.<br>QC 20100901
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Kosakowski, Cindy. "Betydelsen av flow i bildskapande och pedagogers betydelse för flow : En uppsats inom bildpedagogik om flow och kreativitet och vilka förutsättningar som gynnar flow." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för kultur-, religions- och utbildningsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14630.
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Goz, Caglayan. "Instream Flow Methodologies: Hydrological Environmental Flow Assessment In Pazarsuyu River." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615004/index.pdf.
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In Turkey with increasing energy demand by industrialization and urbanization, hydropower seemed to be the most environmental friendly and sustainable solution for
the problem. However, hydropower has also environmental effects especially when hydropower projects are numerous on a single river, and they use almost entire water in
the river. Environmental flow as a new term became popular in media with increased density of small hydropower projects in Turkey. It is the required flow in the part of diversion for Run-off River type of hydropower plant in order to protect health of the river<br>in other words, to balance components of the river, including physico-chemical quality standards, surface and groundwater, geomorphological dynamics, social,
economic, cultural and landscape values. In this study, an analysis utilizing hydrological (desktop) environmental flow assessment methods is prepared for Turkey, focusing on
the Pazarsuyu Basin as a case study, and the results are compared with the applications done by the Governmental Institutions. Moreover, insufficient applications with regard
to environmental flow assessment are given and reasons for public concerns are pointed out due to small hydropower development in Turkey.