Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flocculation chemicals

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Flocculation chemicals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Flocculation chemicals"

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Ugbenyen, Anthony M., John J. Simonis, and Albertus K. Basson. "Screening for Bioflocculant-Producing Bacteria from the Marine Environment of Sodwana Bay, South Africa." Annals of Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ast-2018-0010.

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AbstractFlocculants are chemicals that mediate flocculation process, by aggregating colloids from suspension to form floc. Chemical flocculants are hazardous to the environment, which inform the search for safer and eco-friendly alternatives from microorganisms. Bacterial strains were isolated from water and sediment samples collected from Sodwana Bay, South Africa, and physiological properties of the bacterial strains were observed. Flocculation test using kaolin clay suspension was done on all isolates and the ones that showed flocculating activity were identified molecularly using 16 rRNA gene sequence analysis. Forty marine bacteria isolates were gotten from sediments and water samples collected from Sodwana Bay. Most of the isolates exhibited a range of colony pigmentation (pink, creamy, yellow, and white). After purification of individual isolates, they were screened for their potential to produce bioflocculant. The result revealed that isolates marked SOD3, SOD10, SOD12, SOD26, SOD27, SOD28, SOD32, SOD33 and SOD34 produced bioflocculants as shown by the flocculating activities from their crude extract. All these isolates showed good flocculation of kaolin clay suspension above 60% (flocculating activity) except SOD12. These bioflocculant producing isolates were identified asPseudoalteromonas sp,Alcaligenes faecalis,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus stratosphericus. The results showed Sodwana Bay, South Africa as a reservoir of bacteria with potential to produce flocculants. However, further studies on the optimisation of culture conditions for bioflocculant production, extraction, characterisation and application of isolates is on the way to underscore the biotechnological importance of these microbes as producers of substitutes to harmful chemical flocculants commonly used in water and wastewater treatment.
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Young, S., and D. W. Smith. "Effect of pulp mill chemicals on flocculation in river water." Water Supply 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0045.

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Thousands of pulp mill chemicals have been released into the aquatic environment. Some of them may cause flocculation and deposition of an organic matrix and incoming suspended sediments downstream of pulp mills in rivers, and may have adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to identify the chemicals inducing coagulation and flocculation in river water. This assists in understanding the mechanism for its formation, and will improve the transport models by including the effect of flocculation. Presented is the effect of pulp mill effluent related cationic ions and organic polymers on flocculation in river water. The experimental results show that Na+, Ca2+, fibers, hydrolytic lignin, protein, sucrose, cellulose and starch can induce flocculation in river water.
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Juyal, Priyanka, Vickie Ho, Andrew Yen, and Stephan J. Allenson. "Reversibility of Asphaltene Flocculation with Chemicals." Energy & Fuels 26, no. 5 (January 19, 2012): 2631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef201389e.

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Murad, Fatin Nabilah. "OPTIMIZATION OF FLOCCULATION PROCESS BY MICROBIAL COAGULANT IN RIVER WATER." IIUM Engineering Journal 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.740.

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The existing process of coagulation and flocculation are using chemicals that known as cationic coagulant such as alum, ferric sulfate, calcium oxide, and organic polymers. Thus, this study concentrates on optimizing of flocculation process by microbial coagulant in river water. Turbidity and suspended solids are the main constraints of river water quality in Malaysia. Hence, a study is proposed to produce microbial coagulants isolated locally for river water treatment. The chosen microbe used as the bioflocculant producer is Aspergillus niger. The parameters to optimization in the flocculation process were pH, bioflocculant dosage and effluent concentration. The research was done in the jar test process and the process parameters for maximum turbidity removal was validated. The highest flocculating activity was obtained on day seven of cultivation in the supernatant. The optimum pH and bioflocculant dosage for an optimize sedimentation process were between 4-5 and 2-3 mL for 0.3 g/L of effluent concentration respectively. The model was validated by using a river water sample from Sg. Pusu and the result showed that the model was acceptable to evaluate the bioflocculation process.
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Xu, Kaiwei, Xiaotong Zou, Aidyn Mouradov, German Spangenberg, Wenjuan Chang, and Yanpeng Li. "Efficient Bioflocculation of Chlorella vulgaris with a Chitosan and Walnut Protein Extract." Biology 10, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10050352.

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Bioflocculation represents an attractive technology for harvesting microalgae with the potential additive effect of flocculants on the production of added-value chemicals. Chitosan, as a cationic polyelectrolyte, is widely used as a non-toxic, biodegradable bioflocculant for many algal species. The high cost of chitosan makes its large-scale application economically challenging, which triggered research on reducing its amount using co-flocculation with other components. In our study, chitosan alone at a concentration 10 mg/L showed up to an 89% flocculation efficiency for Chlorella vulgaris. Walnut protein extract (WPE) alone showed a modest level (up to 40%) of flocculation efficiency. The presence of WPE increased chitosan’s flocculation efficiency up to 98% at a reduced concentration of chitosan (6 mg/L). Assessment of co-flocculation efficiency at a broad region of pH showed the maximum harvesting efficiency at a neutral pH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, floc size analysis, and microscopy suggested that the dual flocculation with chitosan and walnut protein is a result of the chemical interaction between the components that form a web-like structure, enhancing the bridging and sweeping ability of chitosan. Co-flocculation of chitosan with walnut protein extract, a low-value leftover from walnut oil production, represents an efficient and relatively cheap system for microalgal harvesting.
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Latvala, A. "Advanced Chemical Treatment with Flocculation in Pipes." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0201.

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At the beginning of 1988 there were in Finland about ten small chemical wastewater treatment plants that were using flocculation in pipes instead of flocculation basins. This method consists of Me+++-chemical feeding, mixing, flocculation and sedimentation. Chemicals were fed into the suction openings of the wastewater pump, which is used for rapid mixing and also for pumping wastewater flow to the sedimentation basin. In the sedimentation sludge blanket sedimentation in deep vertical sedimentation basins was used. The sedimentation basin can also be used as sludge storage, if it is made sufficiently large. This method has been found especially suitable for small wastewater treatment plants, because it needs little labour and is cheap to build and to use and it is not affected negatively by fluctuations in the flow. The construction costs of this system in Finland have been about 50 % of those involved in traditional chemical package plants. The limitations of this method are its weakness in removing soluble organic load and its inability to oxygenate or remove nitrogen. However, a biological unit designed to cope with these limitations is under development.
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Ben Rebah, Faouzi, Wissem Mnif, and Saifeldin M. Siddeeg. "Microbial Flocculants as an Alternative to Synthetic Polymers for Wastewater Treatment: A Review." Symmetry 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10110556.

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Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and microalgae have been used to produce bioflocculants with various structures. These polymers are active substances that are biodegradable, environmentally harmless, and have flocculation characteristics. Most of the developed microbial bioflocculants displayed significant flocculating activity (FA > 70–90%) depending on the strain used and on the operating parameters. These biopolymers have been investigated and successfully used for wastewater depollution in the laboratory. In various cases, selected efficient microbial flocculants could reduce significantly suspended solids (SS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (Nt), dye, and heavy metals, with removal percentages exceeding 90% depending on the bioflocculating materials and on the wastewater characteristics. Moreover, bioflocculants showed acceptable results for sludge conditioning (accepted levels of dry solids, specific resistance to filtration, moisture, etc.) compared to chemicals. This paper explores various bioflocculants produced by numerous microbial strains. Their production procedures and flocculating performance will be included. Furthermore, their efficiency in the depollution of wastewater will be discussed.
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Neupane, Dilli R., Rumana Riffat, Sudhir N. Murthy, Marija R. Peric, and Thomas E. Wilson. "Influence of Source Characteristics, Chemicals, and Flocculation on Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment." Water Environment Research 80, no. 4 (April 2008): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143007x221355.

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Thuy, Le Thi Xuan, and Le Thi Suong. "Evaluating the possibility of color treatment of Tarcon Blue 2BLN dye by coagulating materials PGa21Ca, polyaluminium chloride, iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate and aluminium sulfate octadecahydrate." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 3 (August 16, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i3.937.

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This article presented the results of color treament ability of Tarcon Blue 2BLN dye with some flocculation chemicals such as PGa21Ca, polyaluminium chloride (PAC), iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) and aluminium sulfate octadecahydrate (Al2(SO4)3.18H2O). Our results showed that conditions for treatment the color to reach column B, QCVN 13: 2015 / BTNMT (national technical regulation on textile and dying industry) by different flocculation chemicals were the same exposure time (10 minutes), sedimentation time (30 minutes), but different in parameters of concentration (% mass), stirring speed and pH. Specifically: PGa21Ca (0.02%), PAC (0.01%), aluminium sulfate octadecahydrate (0.003%) can handle color at the initial pH of the solution (pH = 6), with the stirring speed corresponding to each flocculation chemical at 120 rpm, 45 rpm and 45 rpm respectively. In contrast, with iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (0.02%), only the color treatment reaches column B, QCVN 13: 2015 / BTNMT when the pH of the wastewater raises to 10 and stirring speed is 120 rpm. Compared with PAC, aluminium sulfate octadecahydrate and iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate, PGa21Ca has the advantage of contributing to raise the pH value in the acid solution, which reduces the pH in the base environment, and not changing the pH when the concentration of PGa21Ca increases. Test results on actual wastewater samples taken from Hoa Khanh Danang Textile Joint Stock Company (DANATEX) showed that the ability of treating color of these chemicals on actual wastewater samples is lower than the ability on water samples blended with Tarcon Blue 2BLN dye.
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Huang, Bin, Jie Wang, Wei Zhang, Cheng Fu, Ying Wang, and Xiangbin Liu. "Screening and Optimization of Demulsifiers and Flocculants Based on ASP Flooding-Produced Water." Processes 7, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7040239.

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The water produced by alkaline–surfactant–polymer (ASP) flooding is difficult to treat due to the presence of residual chemicals. Therefore, research and development of efficient and low-cost methods for the treatment of ASP flooding produced water is necessary. Chemical destabilization is the most common and effective way to treat the produced water. This paper describes an optimization method for demulsification and flocculation. Some demulsifiers and flocculants commonly used in oilfields were screened, compounded, and optimized. Since the effect of treatment using only demulsifier or flocculant to treat the produced water is often not enough to meet the reinjection standard, an orthogonal experiment was carried out to study the demulsification–flocculation method to treat produced water. Five main influencing factors of the oil concentration were investigated. Based on the results of the range analysis and the relationship between the five factors and oil concentration, the order of significant factors was found to be demulsifier dosage > flocculant dosage > settling time > stirring time > stirring intensity, and the optimal demulsification–flocculation treatment conditions were successfully optimized.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flocculation chemicals"

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Beereddy, Dinesh Reddy. "Waste Water Treatment and Optimal Utilization for Irrigation and Biogas Production." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171842.

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This paper is about the studies carried out to analyze the feasibility of using an innovative treatment system in the primary treatment process for municipal waste water. Furthermore, experiments are conducted to analyze the optimal parameters for utilizing the treated waters for irrigation purposes and for biogas production from the recovered sludge. The work is carried on the incoming municipal wastewater from Hammarby locality with around 30,000 inhabitants. Chemicals used in this process are, a metal salt namely polymerized aluminum chloride (PAX XL36) and two flocculation chemicals namely, a high molecular weight polymer (HM) (SNF Nordfloc C-192) and a low molecular weight polymer (LM) (Purfix 120). The choice of these chemicals was based on the recommendations made by previous studies on flocculation chemicals. These chemicals aid in flock formation and the DAF unit which provides compressed air, aids in flock flotation. The study is focused on optimizing parameters which implies minimal usage of chemicals and aimed to attain maximum sludge production with best possible treated water quality. All the experiments have been carried out on a pilot scale unit, designed with required specifications and with the foresight to scale up into a large scale unit based on the results. These are obtained by performing a series of analysis specifically formulated for this study. In laboratory experiments were carried out to analyze COD (chemical oxygen demand), Ammonium, Nitrate, Total nitrogen and phosphorus using Dr. Lange cuvettes. As the prime focus is on reuse of the treated water for irrigation purpose and biogas production, all the parameters are modulated in accordance with the standard water quality prescriptions for the water to be used for irrigation. In accordance with the climatic conditions of the region, various parameters are modulated in such a way that in summers the outcome water quality is emphasized and maximization of sludge/organic matter is emphasized during winter season.
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Dicks, Reay Gary. "Microalgae flocculation and sedimentation by physico-chemical property exploitation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10366.

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The purpose of this research was to characterise the physical properties of microalgae, as a function of growth and suspension conditions, to enable exploitation of these characteristics for improved separation whilst allowing for water recycle.
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Aunins, John Grant. "Induced flocculation of animal cells in suspension culture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14330.

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Anderson, Sandie Lanclyn. "Flocculation of clay suspensions using synthetic polymers." Ohio : Ohio University, 1986. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183126556.

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Abdallah, Mohammad Raji AlGhazi. "Role of polymer entanglements in polyethylene oxide induced fines flocculation." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38140.

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On a papermaking machine, fines and colloids are retained in a paper sheet. The most important particle interactions are among particles having a high weight fraction and a short characteristic interaction time. Most of these interactions follow Langmuir kinetics, in which the flocculation efficiency is one of the important parameters. To enhance retention, many retention aids are available, one of which is neutral polyethylene oxide (PEO) used in combination of a phenolic cofactor (CF).
In this work, a new model was derived in which all possible interactions were considered and assumed to follow Langmuir kinetics. Since fines are the main component in the headbox of mechanical grade furnishes, fines homo- and heteroflocculation with a PEO/CF retention aid were investigated in a circulating flow loop, and found to follow Langmuir kinetics. The small amount of fines deposited on the fibers was attributed to the large detachment rate in turbulent shear. The apparent difference in the deposition time and the half time of flocculation was attributed to difference in efficiency. Fines homoflocculation showed that fines are flocculated (without a retention aid) to various extents depending on shear, and that aggregates of flocs will form when a retention aid is added.
The PEO/CF flocculation efficiency was found to be a function of various parameters, i.e., aging of PEO solution, stirring intensity and time of stirring during dissolution, concentration at storage, shearing and dilution prior to injection. Optimum conditions were found for most parameters, and a critical shear intensity was determined. This PEO behavior was attributed to the extent of entanglements of PEO coils, which can be characterized prior to its addition to the flocculation vessel by a newly developed method. In this method, the pressure drop of a PEO solution passing through a capillary constriction was measured and correlated with its flocculation efficiency. Using the derived correlation, the flocculation efficiency can be estimated, and the relevant parameters can be controlled. Moreover, the salt effect on a PEO/CF system in a pulp was investigated. Salt was found to react with a CF causing a decrease in the flocculation efficiency. The effect of this reaction can be eliminated if PEO is added directly after CF addition.
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Asselman, Tom. "Hetero-flocculation of wood fibres and fines induced by polymers and microparticles." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35563.

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The retention of process colloids in the paper web is essential for papermaking process efficiency and product quality. Fines (fibre fragments) and fillers strongly affect the optical, surface and mechanical properties of paper. A very efficient flocculation aid system to deposit fine material (colloids) on fibres (collectors) consists of a polymer used in conjunction with anionic microparticles. The objective of this thesis is to elucidate the mechanism of fines retention with poly(electrolyte)-montmorillonite flocculant systems. Two main subjects are addressed. Firstly, polymer transfer between colloidal particles and collectors was characterised and modelled, and the influence on the papermaking process was evaluated. Secondly, the role of anionic microparticles in a dual flocculation aid was investigated. The influence on the flocculation kinetics and the adsorption behaviour of dissolved and colloidal compounds were studied.
The hetero-flocculation of wood fibres and fines induced by polymer and microparticles was analysed in a stirred tank reactor. The deposition of fines on fibres in the presence of polymer is transient. This is attributed to polymer transfer between surfaces upon particle detachment, which leads to the formation of an electro-steric barrier. The resulting polymer layers have limited bridging abilities. A mathematical model describing the simultaneous particle deposition and polymer transfer was developed and validated. The kinetics is determined by three rate constants: a deposition rate constant (k1), a detachment rate constant (k2) and a polymer transfer coefficient (beta). The influence of shear, salt concentration and polymer chemistry on the kinetics was quantified.
Microparticles act as bridging agents between adsorbed polymer layers. They provide a stronger bond than single polymer layers. Bond strengthening occurs irrespective of the bridging ability of the adsorbed layers towards cellulosic surfaces. The mechanism is explained in terms of charge densities and polymer layer conformations. The de-layering of montmorillonite is crucial for its efficiency.
Finally, the efficiency of montmorillonites as white water scavengers was quantified using model wood colloids and polymers. Dissolved and colloidal substances adsorb on montmorillonites following a low-affinity Langmuir isotherm. Dissolved polymers form molecular monolayers, while colloids adsorb as particles. Montmorillonite was found an efficient scavenger for colloidal material.
Montmorillonite used in conjunction with a poly(electrolyte) has three effects in improving fines retention. It augments the bond strength as a bridging agent between adsorbed polymer layers, it allows the retention of colloids coated with inactive polymer layers and finally it scavenges the dissolved and colloidal substances, which would otherwise decrease the poly(electrolyte) efficiency.
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Rahmani, Ali A. "Studies on selective flocculation and spherical oil agglomeration for coal de-mineralisation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302923.

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Carignan, Alain. "The influence of cofactors on the flocculation properties of polyethylene oxide." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24053.

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Adding polyethylene oxide (PEO) at the wet end of a paper machine, can result in an increase in retention of the fine particles. The results obtained with PEO and the cofactors (SNS, MPR, and CAR), are discussed in terms of the association-induced polymer bridging mechanism.
Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) of polymer solutions revealed that each of the three cofactors are forming complexes with PEO. CAR radically increased the apparent diameter of the PEO chains, and MPR seems to decrease it. In latex suspensions, the SNS was found very efficient in the sequence latex-polymer-cofactor (LPC), increasing the PEO hydrodynamic layer thickness (HLT).
Flocculation experiments with the help of a Photometric Dispersion Analyser (PDA), with PEO only (no cofactor) suggested that the fines are composed of more than one component. SNS was found to make all the fines alike by adsorbing on them. Adding the PEO after SNS gave homoflocculation. As a result, the specific surface of fines, calculated by PEO adsorption was found to be 0.223 m$ sp2$/g.
The association-induced polymer bridging mechanism can happen in three different manners depending if the cofactor and the polymer are adsorbing onto fines. When neither of PEO nor cofactor adsorb onto the collector, the PEO/cofactor association-complexes bridge the particles (van de Ven and Alince (1996)). When the cofactor (e.g. SNS) and the polymer adsorb onto the fines, in the sequence fines-cofactor-polymer (FCP), with a chemical ratio cofactor/PEO of 3/1, adsorption of the PEO chains onto cofactor-coated fines is likely to occur at the beginning followed by the flocculation of the fines. In the sequences fines-polymer-cofactor (FPC), when the polymer adsorbs onto the fines and the cofactor adsorbs (e.g. SNS) or not (e.g. MPR), a reenforcement of the bondstrength was noticed. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Panteloglou, Apostolos. "Malt induced premature yeast flocculation : its origins, detection and impacts upon fermentation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13142/.

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Premature yeast flocculation (PYF) is a sporadic problem encountered during industrial brewing fermentations. Current hypothesis states that factors, thought to arise from fungal infection of the barley in the field and/or the malt in the maltings cause yeast to flocculate prematurely and/or heavily before the depletion of the sugars in the wort. This results in poorly attenuated worts, with higher residual extract and lower ABV, flavor abnormalities (i.e. diacetyl, SO2), lower carbonation levels, disruption of process cycle times and potential issues with the re-use of the yeast in subsequent fermentations. Consequently, PYF generates significant financial and logistical problems both to the brewer and the maltster. In the current study a small-scale fermentation assay was developed and optimized to predict the PYF potential of malts, as well as to investigate the importance of yeast strain in the incidence and severity of the phenomenon. Furthermore, the impacts of the PYF factor(s) (i.e. arabinoxylans, antimicrobial peptides) on yeast fermentation performance and metabolite uptake were also studied, whilst the Biolog detection system was investigated as a potential rapid tool which to detect PYF. The results obtained suggested that our in-house assay can be successfully used to predict the PYF potential of malts 69 or 40 h post-pitching depending upon the yeast strain used. Whilst ale yeasts were not found susceptible to PYF, lager yeasts exhibited different degrees of susceptibility even to the same PYF factor(s). More specifically, the more flocculent lager yeast SMA was found to be more susceptible than the medium flocculent lager yeast W34/70. However, interestingly, the fermentation performance of a PYF+ wort could be significantly improved by using a non-flocculent and relatively insensitive to PYF lager yeast. It was also shown that worts with lower amount of glucose and maltose could be responsible for poor fermentation profiles and/or heavy PYF as well as elevated residual sugars and lower fermentability. The observation that linoleic acid (6 mg.l-1) exacerbated PYF (P = 0.047) and made its detection more rapid was found to be contrary to the “titration hypothesis” (Axcell et al., 2000) which hypothesized that the addition of fatty acids might “titrate” out antimicrobial peptides so that they can no longer bind to the yeast cells. High gravity fermentations with worts inducing PYF did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on yeast physiological characteristics or fermentation performance suggesting that the PYF+ sample used in this study was inducing PYF though the ‘bridging’ polysaccharide mechanism rather than through the antimicrobial peptides. The Biolog system can be used for the metabolic characterization of different flocculence lager yeasts incubated in different fermentation media, whilst wort composition had a significant effect in redox reduction reactions.
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Hansel, Philip A. "Efficient Flocculation of Microalgae for Biomass Production Using Cationic Starch." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1313779752.

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Books on the topic "Flocculation chemicals"

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Klimpel, Richard. Introduction to chemicals used in particle systems. Gainesville, FL: NSF Engineering Research Center for Particle Science & Technology, University of Florida, 1997.

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International Gothenburg Symposium (4th 1990 Madrid, Spain). Chemical water and wastewater treatment: Proceedings of the 4th Gothenburg Symposium 1990, October 1-3, 1990, Madrid, Spain. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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R, Klute, and Hahn H. H, eds. Chemical water and wastewater treatment II: Proceedings of the 5th Gothenburg Symposium 1992, September 28-30, 1992, Nice, France. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Hahn, Hermann H. Chemical Water Wastewater Treatment. Springer-Verlag, 1997.

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Chatterjee, Aniruddha. Physico-chemical aspects of flocculation in cellulose fibre networks and effects on paper formation. 1995.

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Hahn, Hermann H. Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment: Proceedings of the 4th Gothenburg Symposium, October 1-3, 1990, Madrid. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Hahn, Hermann H., and Rudolf Klute. Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment: Proceedings of the 4th Gothenburg Symposium 1990 October 1-3, 1990 Madrid, Spain. Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flocculation chemicals"

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Helgesson, Ivan. "Flocculation in Static Mixer." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 85–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_6.

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Mühle, Klaus, and Klaus Domasch. "Floc Strength in Bridging Flocculation." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 105–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_8.

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Thomas, D. N., S. J. Judd, and N. Fawcett. "Flocculation Modelling of Primary Sewage Effluent." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment V, 83–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72279-0_8.

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Chilarescu, I. C., C. Berevoianu, M. Sandu, and G. Racoviteanu. "Automatic Determination of Coagulation-Flocculation Reagents Dose." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment V, 71–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72279-0_7.

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Kraft, Angelika, and Carl Franz Seyfried. "Ammonia and Phosphate Elimination by Biologically Intensified Flocculation Filtration Process." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 471–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_31.

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Dahlquist, Jan, J. K. Edzwald, J. E. Tobiason, T. Hedberg, T. Amato, and M. Valade. "High Rate Flocculation, Flotation and Filtration in Potable Water Treatment." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment IV, 201–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61196-4_17.

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Tambo, Norihito. "Optimization of Flocculation in Connection with Various Solid-Liquid Separation Processes." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 17–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_2.

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Korpijärvi, J., E. Laine, and H. Ahlstedt. "Using CFD in the Study of Mixing in Coagulation and Flocculation." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment VI, 89–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59791-6_9.

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de Dianous, F., E. Pujol, and J. C. Druoton. "Industrial Application of Weighted Flocculation: Development of the Actiflo® Clarification Process." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 127–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_10.

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Rebhun, Menahem. "Floc Formation and Breakup in Continuous Flow Flocculation and in Contact Filtration." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 117–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flocculation chemicals"

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Kerkez, Đurđa, Milena Bečelić-Tomin, Gordana Pucar Milidrag, Vesna Gvoić, Aleksandra Kulić Mandić, Anita Leovac Maćerak, and Dragana Tomašević Pilipović. "Treatment of wastewater containing printing dyes: summary and perspectives." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p31.

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Synthetic dyes are widely used in textile, printing, leather tanning, cosmetic, drug and food processing industries. The printing and dyeing industry is considered as one of the most polluting industrial sectors. The printing process is very versatile and includes printing on paper as well as printing on textile, plastic and other materials. After the printing process is completed, various chemicals such as ethers, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, benzene, and esters are used in the cleaning procedure. Resulting wastewater often contains a variety of solvents, surfactants, dyes, and other chemicals, thus greatly increasing the difficulty of wastewater treatment. Improper discharge of printing and dyeing wastewater into water bodies will have several effect, beginning with aesthetical issues followed by destruction of the aqueous ecosystem due to light attenuation, oxygen consumption and toxicity effects. Therefore, it is very important to find out and optimize printing and dying wastewater treatment techniques. Processes for dye removal from wastewater can be physical, chemical, biological and more recently hybrid treatments. Physical processes such as adsorption, based on mass transfer mechanism, are commonly used method mainly due to ease of operation and high efficiency. Chemical processes including coagulation and flocculation, advanced oxidation processes and electrochemical treatment are usually more expensive due t chemicals use, equipment requirements and electrical energy consumption. However, these techniques are destructive and may lead to total mineralization of dye molecules and accompanying pollutants. Biological treatment is a low-cost and environmentally friendly process that produces less sludge. This method has significant advantages but dye molecules are less prone to this kind of treatment as they are made to be stable and reluctant. So, the adjustment and optimization of biological treatment, for dye removal, is an ongoing field of research. In recent studies hybrid processes are gaining more attention, combining different techniques. Integrating treatments, as a cost-saving and time-saving process, can represent optimal solution for printing wastewater treatment.
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Kaishentayev, Damir, and Berna Hascakir. "Pretreatment of Produced Waters Containing High Total Dissolved Solids." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206371-ms.

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Abstract There are mainly two types of solids in the oil field waters; Suspended Solids (SS) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). While it is easy to remove SS from water, removal of TDS requires the application of advance filtration techniques such as reverse osmosis or ultra-filtration. Because these techniques cannot handle high volumes of the oilfield waters with high TDS content, produced waters originated from hydraulic fracturing activities cannot be treated by using these advance technologies. Thus, in this study we concentrated on the pretreatment of these waters. We investigated the feasibility of the Coagulation, Flocculation, and Sedimentation (CFS) process as pretreatment method to reduce mainly SS in Produced Water (PW) samples. We collected samples from 14 different wells in the Permian Basin. First, we characterized the water samples in terms of pH, SS, TDS, Zeta potential (ZP), Turbidity, Organic matter presence and different Ion concentration. We tested varying doses of several organic and inorganic chemicals, and on treated water samples we measured pH, TDS, SS, Turbidity, ZP and Ions. Then, we compared obtained results with the initial PW characterizations to determine the best performing chemicals and their optimal dosage (OD) to remove contaminants effectively. The cation and anion analyses on the initial water samples showed that TDS is mainly caused by the dissolved sodium and chlorine ions. ZP results indicated that SS are mainly negatively charged particles with absolute values around 20 mV on average. Among the tested coagulants, the best SS reduction was achieved through the addition of ferric sulfate, which helped to reduce the SS around 86%. To further lessen SS, we tested several organic flocculants in which the reduction was improved slightly more. We concluded while high TDS in the Permian basin does not implement a substantial risk for the reduction of fracture conductivity, SS is posing a high risk. Our study showed, depending on components of the initial PW, reuse of the pretreated water for fracturing may minimize fracture conductivity damage.
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Rong, Huang Chen, and Tang Jia Li. "Flocculation Effect Detection of Chemical Wastewater Based on Image Processing." In 2018 11th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscid.2018.00092.

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Xu, Zhi, Yu Long Cao, and Qing Zhi Fei. "Study on the Methods of Treating Polysilicon Wastewater by Chemical Flocculation." In 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (iCBEB). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbeb.2012.382.

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Polat, H., M. Polat, and Ü. İpekoğlu. "Effect of some physical and chemical variables on flocculation and sediment behaviour." In The 8th International Mineral Processing Symposium. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203747117-34.

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Huang, Tian-yin, Si-Qing Xia, Li Ning, and Huang Yong. "Comparison of Chemical-Biological Flocculation Process Model Based on Artificial Neural Network." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (ICBBE '08). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.202.

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Liu, Hong-bo, Si-qing Xia, Fangming Jin, Qi Zhou, and Bing Wu. "Synergistic Pollutants Removal of the Pre-denitrification Chemical and Biological Flocculation Process." In 2nd International Symposium on Aqua Science, Water Resource and Low Carbon Energy. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3529344.

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Zhang, Xue, Yue Wen, and Asheng Cao. "Influence of Al3+ Addition on the Flocculation and Sedimentation of Thermophilic Activated Sludge." In International Conference on Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aeece-15.2015.161.

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Schindler, Rob, Sean Comber, and Andrew Manning. "METAL POLLUTANT PATHWAYS IN COHESIVE COASTAL CATCHMENTS: INFLUENCE OF FLOCCULATION ON PARTITIONING AND FLUX." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/09.

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Potentially toxic metals (PTMs) dispersed within catchments from land-based sources pose serious, long-term threats to aquatic ecology and human health. Their chemical state or form affects the potential for transportation and bioavailability and ultimate environmental fate. PTMs are transported either as (1) particulates adsorbed onto sediments, or 2) solutes in groundwater and open channel flow. Cohesive sediment occupies a major part of the world’s coastlines. PTMs are readily sorbed onto clay/silt and consequently particulate-borne PTMs dominate in estuaries and coastal waters. Sediments also represent a considerable ‘sink’ of contaminants which can be periodically remobilized. The role of suspended particulates in the uptake, release, and transport of heavy metals is thus a crucial link in understanding PTM dispersion in these environments. Cohesive sediment is subject to flocculation which dictates the behaviour of suspended sediment. PTM partitioning, flocculation and particulate-borne PTM dynamics are spatially and temporally variable in response to a complex array of inter-related physical and chemical factors exhibited within tidal catchments. However, knowledge of the dispersion and accumulation of both particulate and soluble forms of PTMs within cohesive coastal catchments is limited by little understanding of the association of PTMs with flocculated sediments and their subsequent deposition. This study investigates the influence of changing hydrodynamics and salinities to reveal the partitioning coefficients (Kp) and PTM settling flux (PTMSF) for different spatial and temporal locations within an idealized mesotidal catchment. The data show that the ratio of soluble and particulate-borne PTMs are dependent on salinity and flocculation, and that PTMSF is dependent upon partitioning and flocculation dynamics. Kp is largely dictated by salinity, but floc size and suspended particulate matter concentration (SPMC) are also influential, particular for PTMs with low chloride complexation and in freshwater. PTMSF is a function of Kp, floc size and settling velocity and varies by up to 3 orders of magnitude in response to changing environmental conditions. Findings will improve our ability to predict and monitor contaminant transport for PTMs generated by industries such as agriculture, mining, fisheries, aquaculture & marine engineers. They can be incorporated in existing decision making tools, and help improve numerical modelling parameteristion, to maintain environmental quality standards and limit the impacts of bioavailability of metals in aquatic environment.
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Li, Yijiu, Xinping Zeng, Yafei Liu, Shaosong Yan, Zhonghua Hu, and Yaming Ni. "STUDY ON THE TREATMENT OF COPPER-ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER BY CHEMICAL TRAPPING AND FLOCCULATION." In Proceedings of the Third Asia-Pacific Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791924_0059.

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Reports on the topic "Flocculation chemicals"

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De Carlo, E. H. Chemical behaviour of geothermal silica after precipitation from geothermal fluids with inorganic flocculating agents at the Hawaii Geothermal Project Well-A (HGP-A). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6784371.

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