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Journal articles on the topic 'Flocculation Tests'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ma, Jun, and Guibai Li. "Laboratory and Full-Scale Plant Studies of Permanganate Oxidation as an Aid in Coagulation." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 11 (1993): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0263.

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Standard jar tests and full-scale plant studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of permanganate preoxidation as an aid to coagulation-flocculation of surface waters. The results of the Jar tests demonstrated that permanganate preoxidation obviously enhanced the coagulation-flocculation of the studied surface waters. Through full-scale plant studies, the positive effects of permanganate assistance in coagulation-flocculation of surface raters were confirmed by the turbidity reduction of about 4~11 FTU at permanganate dosages of 1~2 mg/L. It was observed that the size of flocs in th

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2

Luna, Christine Lamenha, Carlos Edison Lopes, and Giulio Massarani. "Recovery of Bacillus sphaericus spores by flocculation/sedimentation and flotation." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, spe (2005): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000400008.

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The aim of this work was use flocculation/sedimentation and flotation for recovery of spores of the Bacillus sphaericus. Microorganism was produced batchwise using culture medium based skimmed milk, corn steep liquor and mineral salts. The best results of flocculation were obtained using CaCl2.2H2O, FeCl3.6H2O, Al2(SO4)3 and tannin as flocculating agents, with optimal flocculation concentrations of 1,500, 3,000, 2,000 and 1,700ppm, respectively. Flocculent suspensions were characterized based on floc diameter and density. Settling tests were performed in batch at different concentrations of th

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3

Ying Teh, Huey, Uganeeswary Suparmaniam, Man Kee Lam, et al. "Harvesting of Chlorella Vulgaris Biomass by Using Different Bio-Flocculants: A Comparison Study." International Journal of Biomass and Renewables 8, no. 2 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/ijbrvol8iss2art5734.

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In the present study, several natural flocculants were extracted from natural resources to harvest Chlorella vulgaris. Jar tests were carried out to evaluate the flocculation efficiencies of the extracted flocculants in harvesting C. vulgaris cells. Chitosan and maize seeds were proven to be effective flocculants as they achieved more than 80 % efficiency after one(1) hour and four (4) hours of sedimentation time, respectively. Under the optimum flocculation conditions of pH 7, 2 mg/L dosage, 120 rpm of stirring speed for chitosan; and pH 3, 450 mg/L of dosage, 15 rpm of stirring speed for mai

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4

Xu, Yan, Kemin Gan, Siyi Liang, Haitao Liu, and Qunhui Wang. "Investigation and Optimization of Chitosan Performance in Flocculating Kaolin Suspensions Using a Real-Time Suspending Solid Concentration Measuring Method." Water 13, no. 4 (2021): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040513.

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The performance of chitosan in flocculating kaolin suspensions was investigated. A real-time suspended solid (SS) concentration measuring method was applied. The influence of pH was examined from 2.0 to 13.0. The optimal pH value for low-grade (100 mg/L), middle-grade (500 mg/L), and high-grade (1000 mg/L) kaolin suspension samples was 8.0. The optimal dosage of chitosan for the three grades of kaolin suspensions was 5.0 mg/L, regardless of the initial SS concentration. An orthogonal array test was performed to determine the optimal hydraulic conditions. Range analysis and variance analysis sh

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5

Monette, Frédéric, François G. Brière, Michel Létourneau, Marc Duchesne, and Robert Hausler. "Traitement des eaux usées par coagulation-floculation avec recirculation des boues chimiques : Évaluation et validation à grande échelle." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 4 (2000): 735–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-045.

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Two sequences of tests were carried out at the Centre d'épuration Rive-Sud wastewater treatment plant (Longueuil, Que.) to evaluate the performances of a coagulation-flocculation process with chemical sludge recycling. The tests consisted in following the evolution of the quality of the treated water when two flowsheets are supplied simultaneously in parallel with the same wastewater, one flowsheet incorporating the sludge recycling process. Results showed that the recycled sludge contributes significantly to water degradation compared with a classical coagulation-flocculation system. These re

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6

Fu, Chaochen, Zhengan Zhang, Yuying Li, et al. "Optimizing the Flocculation Effect of Cationic Polyacrylamide Prepared with UV-Initiated Polymerization by Response Surface Methodology." Water 15, no. 6 (2023): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061200.

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Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is a commonly used flocculant for water treatment. Factors that affect the flocculation effect and can be controlled manually include the type and dosage of CPAM, wastewater pH, stirring time and settling time, and their reasonable setting is critical to the flocculation effect of CPAM. In this paper, the optimal flocculation conditions of a novel CPAM were studied. First, single-factor tests were conducted to preliminarily explore the optimal range of factors that influence CPAM flocculation, and then response surface methodology (RSM) tests were performed to ac

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7

Kaya, Özlem, and Ahmet Özkan. "Feldspar flocculation performance using cationic and anionic flocculants in dual system: evaluation by turbidity, settling rate and flocculation efficiency." Journal of Scientific Reports-A, no. 060 (March 25, 2025): 99–106. https://doi.org/10.59313/jsr-a.1640994.

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This study investigated the flocculation performance of feldspar using combinations of cationic and anionic flocculants in a dual flocculation system. Flocculation tests were performed with five different flocculants (C.1597, A.336, A.338, A.1011 and A.5250) at various dosages (0.2 mg/L to 12.5 mg/L). Flocculation performance was evaluated based on turbidity, settling rate, and flocculation efficiency. Among the flocculant combinations tested, the C.1597-A.338 combination showed that the most effective performance of both turbidity reduction and flocculation efficiency. In the flocculation tes

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8

Monette, Frédéric, François G. Brière, Michel Létourneau, Marc Duchesne, and Robert Hausler. "Traitement des eaux usées par coagulation-floculation avec recirculation des boues chimiques : Performance générale et stabilité du procédé." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 4 (2000): 702–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-047.

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Six series of tests were carried out to have a better understanding of the stability and efficiency of a coagulation-flocculation process with chemical sludge recycling. The tests consisted in sequential sludge recycling in 100-L pilot reactors. Other tests were performed to examine the stability following wastewater loading variations. Results showed that stability was reached immediately during the first recycling sequences. Furthermore, to obtain improved results compared with those of a classical coagulation-flocculation process, the flocculant concentration must be increased according to

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9

Maćczak, Piotr, Halina Kaczmarek, Marta Ziegler-Borowska, Katarzyna Węgrzynowska-Drzymalska, and Aleksandra Burkowska-But. "The Use of Chitosan and Starch-Based Flocculants for Filter Backwash Water Treatment." Materials 15, no. 3 (2022): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031056.

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Inorganic aluminum or iron salts supported with synthetic polymers are commonly used to eradicate colloidal particles from water in coagulation and flocculation processes. Nevertheless, these agents have several disadvantages, such as large volumes of sludge produced or environmental toxicity. Recently biodegradable polymers have been suggested as eco-friendly flocculants for water treatment. This study aimed to investigate the possibilities of using starch and chitosan and their oxidized derivatives as flocculants for filter backwash water treatment. Dialdehyde starch (DST) and dialdehyde chi

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10

Kaiser, M. "Operational tests on combined flocculation in coal processing." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (1996): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)88377-9.

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11

Vanderborght, J. P., and R. Wollast. "Elimination of Micropollutants by NaAlo2 Flocculation During Primary Treatment of Mixed Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 1 (1986): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0007.

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The influence of NaAlO2 -flocculation of mixed wastewater was investigated by conducting laboratory tests and using a pilot-scale flocculation reactor. In comparison with the primary sedimentation, aluminate addition results in a lower residual concentration for Zn and Cd. For all metals under investigation (Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd, and Ni), the removal was found to be irreversible. Biological treatment was uninhibited by an addition of these metals when NaAlO2 -flocculation was provided.

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12

Xu, Ying, Yuebin Wu, Huan Liang, and Qiang Sun. "Flow Field Research of the Reciprocating Baffled Flocculation Tank." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2020002029.

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To research the reasons for the unsatisfactory hydraulic conditions of the reciprocating baffled flocculation tank, this paper investigates its flow field through PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) laboratory experiment tests and numerical simulation. Three numerical schemes, the standard model, RNG model and realizable model, are calibrated and validated with the experimental data gained in this study. They are adopted for comparative study of their validity and accuracy for modeling the effect of the hydraulic characteristics of the flow field on flocculation. The best validated model is then

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13

Haarhoff, Johannes, and Hannes Joubert. "Determination of aggregation and breakup constants during flocculation." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 4 (1997): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0080.

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The Argaman-Kaufman flocculation model holds great promise as a practical tool for the generalization of flocculation behaviour from relatively few, simple batch tests in the laboratory. There are, however, valid reasons that have prevented it from being widely accepted in design practice. This paper deals with a number of these obstacles: • There is the need of a standardized test method in terms of equipment, procedures and data analysis. The effects of settling time and the choice of the flocculation performance parameter are demonstrated. • The flocculation constants are critically depende

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14

Haas, Sandra R., Fábio R. Nascimento, Ivo André H. Schneider, and Christine Gaylarde. "Flocculation of fine fluorite particles with Corynebacterium xerosis." Revista de Microbiologia 30, no. 3 (1999): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37141999000300007.

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The treatment of fine particles dispersed in liquids is common in several industries and especially important in mineral processing. The efficiency of settling operations can be substantially increased by flocculation. The aim of this work was to study the flocculation of fine fluorite particles by the bacterium Corynebacterium xerosis. Flocculation tests, microelectrophoresis measurements and optical microscopy were used to evaluate flocculation. The results showed that C. xerosis cells adhere to the fluorite surfaces promoting the aggregation of the particles. High quality flocs can be obtai

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15

Balemans, Sophie, Siegfried E. Vlaeminck, Elena Torfs, et al. "The Impact of Local Hydrodynamics on High-Rate Activated Sludge Flocculation in Laboratory and Full-Scale Reactors." Processes 8, no. 2 (2020): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020131.

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High rate activated sludge (HRAS) processes have a high potential for carbon and energy recovery from sewage, yet they suffer frequently from poor settleability due to flocculation issues. The process of flocculation is generally optimized using jar tests. However, detailed jar hydrodynamics are often unknown, and average quantities are used, which can significantly differ from the local conditions. The presented work combined experimental and numerical data to investigate the impact of local hydrodynamics on HRAS flocculation for two different jar test configurations (i.e., radial vs. axial i

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16

Peng, Yunyan, and Dong Jin. "Screening Tests of Copper Mine Tailings Flocculation with Polyacrylamide." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 371 (December 13, 2019): 042004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/371/4/042004.

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17

Schmidt, Beata, Krzysztof Kowalczyk, and Beata Zielinska. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Flocculants Based on Potato Starch Copolymers with Hollow Carbon Spheres." Materials 14, no. 6 (2021): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061498.

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Novel carbon nanofiller-based starch-g-polyacrylamide hybrid flocculation materials (St-PAM-CS) were in situ prepared using potato starch (St), acrylamide (AM), and hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (CSs; diameters of 300–400 nm). Structures of different St-PAM-CS systems were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and particle size analysis. The flocculation tests were evaluated by removing high turbidity kaolin suspension—initial absorb

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18

García-Ávila, Fernando, Angel Méndez-Heredia, Alex Trelles-Agurto, et al. "Experimental Evaluation of Tubular Flocculator Implemented in the Field for Drinking Water Supply: Application in the Developing World." Water 15, no. 5 (2023): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15050833.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a large-scale Horizontal Tubular Flocculator (HTF) as an easy-to-implement technology for potable water provision compared to the efficiency of a traditional baffle flocculator. The HTF was built with a 4-inch diameter PVC pipe and coupled to a sedimentation and filtration process. Experimental tests were performed using lengths of 68.4 m and 97.6 m for the HTF. These lengths were combined with raw water flow rates of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 2 L/s and five turbidity ranges <10 NTU, 10–20 NTU, 21–50 NTU, 51–100 NTU, >100 NTU, giv

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19

Wu, Silin, Yuyang Zhu, Wei Zhu, Shi Shu, and Yan Cui. "A study on the differences in the flocculation of dredged slurries and the influencing mechanisms." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (2019): 1751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.428.

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Abstract In the water treatment process of natural water bodies, a large amount of dredged slurry with high water content is generated and required for treatment. The coagulation–flocculation method can improve the efficiency of separation, and a suitable scheme is of great significance. It is unclear whether there is a significant difference in flocculation and separation of dredged slurries from different sources and which constituents dominate this process. Facing these problems, the tests were conducted for dredged sediments from 10 different sources, including rivers, lake, and ocean. Und

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20

Calderón, Roberto Robles, Hugo David Chirinos Collantes, Laida Vilca Calderón, and Jaqueline Heidy Chirre Flores. "EVALUATION OF THE COAGULANT EFFICIENCY OF MORINGA SEED (MORINGA OLEÍFERA) FOR THE WATER TREATMENT OF THE CHURÍN RIVER, PACHANGARA DISTRICT, LIMA, PERU." PERIÓDICO TCHÊ QUÍMICA 21, no. 46 (2024): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v21.n46.2024_04_chirinos_pgs_19_25.pdf.

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Background: In the research, Moringa Oleifera - MO seeds were used in coagulation-flocculation processes, identifying the main properties it presents such as coagulant activity. Aims: The purpose of the research was to evaluate the coagulant and flocculating effect of moringa seed flour in the treatment of turbid water (with turbidity between 700 NTU and 800 NTU). Methods: The experimental tests were carried out under the following conditions: shelled moringa seed flour in NaCl solution, 1 M, it was observed that it has no effect on the clarification of turbid water and modifies the pH to 4.47

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21

Matsui, Yoshihiko, Norihito Tambo, Tokio Ohto, and Yasushi Zaitsu. "Dual Wavelength Photometric Dispersion Analysis of Coagulation and Flocculation." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 11 (1993): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0274.

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A technique to evaluate the coagulat ion/flocculation process on fluctuating light intensity transmitted through a flowing suspension has been developed recently for online monitoring in a flocculation system. In this paper, the authors tried to expand this technique to perform direct evaluation of floc size, settling velocity, and residual color after aluminum coagulation from the fluctuating light absorption using dual wavelengths. A theoretical study was carried out to establish the data handling algorithms for the evaluation of the above mentioned values from the fluctuating light absorban

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22

Bretas, Pedro Lopes, Otávia Martins Silva Rodrigues, and José Aurélio Medeiros da Luz. "Selective flocculation and floc-flotation of iron bearing mineral slimes." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 5 (2022): e45011528289. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.28289.

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The mineral processing of friable iron ores usually generates ultrafine (smaller than 15 µm) particles, normally called slimes, which usually have a high iron grade and are usually disposed into tailings dam. The traditional mineral process techniques for iron ore do not work efficiently with ultrafines; however, selective flocculation is an alternative to concentrate that fraction. The physical-chemical treatment of iron ore slime was studied here, on a bench scale, based on the scientific foundations of selective flocculation and flotation. Samples of slimes from two Brazilian iron ore proce

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23

Baumer, Patrik, Peter Volkart, and Peter Krebs. "Dynamic loading tests for final settling tanks." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 3-4 (1996): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0440.

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Dynamic experiments conducted in a pilot scale settling tank at Zurich's wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are presented. The experiments were carried out with real activated sludge. They showed that vertical perforated walls transverse to the main flow direction are very beneficial particularly for wet-weather flow. The increase of the effluent suspended solids concentration is significantly dampened with dynamic hydraulic loading. Installing several perforated walls enables uniform velocity profiles to be attained, enhancing flocculation. The total sludge mass stored in the final settling ta

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Pivokonska, L., and M. Pivokonsky. "The influence of agitation on aggregates formed during treatment of water with a content of humic substances." Water Supply 6, no. 1 (2006): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.026.

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This study aims to evaluate the influence of agitation conditions on the efficiency of the aggregation process when treating surface water containing humic substances. Laboratory tests were conducted by the jar tests using a variable speed paddle gang stirrer. Optimization of agitation intensity was determined by a Couette flocculator. Suspension was prepared using aluminium chloride as a destabilising reagent. Aggregation efficiency was evaluated by the determination of the degree of aggregation and by the test of aggregation. For all surface waters treated, the optimum treatability was demon

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25

Xu, Kun, Yao Liu, Yang Wang, et al. "A novel poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/diatomite composite flocculant with outstanding flocculation performance." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 6 (2015): 889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.290.

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Series of anionic flocculants with outstanding flocculation performance, poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/diatomite composite flocculants (PAAD) were successfully prepared through aqueous solution copolymerization and applied to flocculate from oil-field fracturing waste-water. The structure of PAAD was characterized by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy , 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction tests, and its properties were systematically evaluated by viscometer, thermogravimetry analysis and flocculation measurements. Furthermore, the influences of various reaction parame

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26

Liu, Zhisheng, Jianhui Wang, Guang Li, et al. "Study on Flocculation Characteristics of Potato Starch Wastewater." Coatings 13, no. 10 (2023): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13101762.

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Herein, a chitosan film (CS) was modified using 2,3-epoxy-propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTA) to flocculate granular pollutants in potato starch wastewater, aiming at the deficiencies of poor water solubility and weak electropositivity of the chitosan film. By examining the degree of substitution of chitosan film amino under different factors and different levels and response surface optimization tests, the optimum preparation conditions of chitosan film quaternary ammonium salt (HTCC) were obtained. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray dif

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27

Li, Yu, Leigang Li, Reham Yasser Farouk, and Yuanyuan Wang. "Optimization of Polyaluminum Chloride-Chitosan Flocculant for Treating Pig Biogas Slurry Using the Box–Behnken Response Surface Method." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (2019): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060996.

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Flocculation can remove large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, and the resulting nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich floc can be used to produce organic fertilizer. For biogas slurries containing high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, ordinary flocculants can no longer meet the flocculation requirements. In this study, to fully utilize the advantages of the two flocculants and achieve efficient removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus from a biogas slurry, chitosan (CTS) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used as a composite flocculation agent to flocculate pig biogas slurries.

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28

Shestopalov, Oleksii, Oleksandr Briankin, Nadegda Rykusova, Oksana Hetta, Valentina Raiko, and Musii Tseitlin. "OPTIMIZATION OF FLOCCULAR CLEANING AND DRAINAGE OF THIN DISPERSED SLUDGES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 3 (May 11, 2020): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001239.

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The efficiency of solid phase retention and dehydration of finely dispersed products of a coal processing plant and a metallurgical enterprise on the module for cleaning and dewatering sludge is investigated. A technique for selecting the operating parameters of equipment based on the determination of the strength criterion of flocs is proposed. A methodology for technological tests has been developed to control the flocculation process and optimize the flow of flocculant depending on the concentration of the solid phase. Industrial tests on the module for wastewater treatment and sludge dewat

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29

Oleksii, Shestopalov, Briankin Oleksandr, Rykusova Nadegda, Hetta Oksana, Raiko Valentina, and Tseitlin Musii. "OPTIMIZATION OF FLOCCULAR CLEANING AND DRAINAGE OF THIN DISPERSED SLUDGES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 75–86. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001239.

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The efficiency of solid phase retention and dehydration of finely dispersed products of a coal processing plant and a metallurgical enterprise on the module for cleaning and dewatering sludge is investigated. A technique for selecting the operating parameters of equipment based on the determination of the strength criterion of flocs is proposed. A methodology for technological tests has been developed to control the flocculation process and optimize the flow of flocculant depending on the concentration of the solid phase. Industrial tests on the module for wastewater treatment and sludge dewat

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30

Liu, J. C., and C. S. Lien. "Pretreatment of bakery wastewater by coagulation-flocculation and dissolved air flotation." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 8 (2001): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0482.

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The pretreatment of wastewater from a large-scale bakery was studied. In the coagulation-flocculation reaction, it was found that both alum and FeCl3 were effective in the jar tests. When at coagulant dosage of 90 to 100 mg/l, 55 % of COD and 95 to 100% of SS could be removed. The optimum pH was at 6.0. In addition, the removal of SS was affected by pH more significantly, while the removal of COD was not affected in the pH range of 6.0 to 8.0. In the DAF experiments, 48.6% of COD and 69.8% of SS were removed in 10 min at a pressure of 4 kg/cm2, recycle ratio of 0.3 l/min, and pH of 6.0. Upon t

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Cruz, Dafne, Marcio Pimentel, Ana Russo, and Wilson Cabral. "Charge Neutralization Mechanism Efficiency in Water with High Color Turbidity Ratio Using Aluminium Sulfate and Flocculation Index." Water 12, no. 2 (2020): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020572.

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Most of the water supplied in Brazil comes from water streams that may have higher values for apparent color than turbidity. Treatability trials were performed for color and turbidity removal to evaluate the advantages of coagulation during the charge neutralization mechanism when compared to sweep flocculation for water with those characteristics. There were three types of trials: conventional Jar Test with raw water, with and without filtration, and in a pilot Water Treatment Plant, direct downward filtration, with synthetic water. Auxiliary equipment such as Continuous Flocculation Monitori

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32

Sun, Weimin, Guangcheng Zhang, Ling Pan, Helin Li, and Aihua Shi. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Flocculation Properties of Branched Cationic Polyacrylamide." International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/397027.

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A water soluble branched cationic polyacrylamide (BCPAM) was synthesized using solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated using potassium diperiodatocuprate, K5[Cu(HIO6)2](Cu(III)), initiating the self-condensing vinyl copolymerization of acrylamide and acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) monomer. The resulting copolymer was characterized by the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Its flocculation properties were evaluated with standard jar tests of sewage. The effects of initiator concentration, mon

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33

Leiva, Williams H., Norman Toro, Pedro Robles, Gonzalo R. Quezada, Iván Salazar, and Ricardo Jeldres. "Clay Tailings Flocculated in Seawater and Industrial Water: Analysis of Aggregates, Sedimentation, and Supernatant Quality." Polymers 16, no. 10 (2024): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101441.

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High-molecular-weight anionic polyacrylamide was used to analyze the effect of kaolin on the structure of particle aggregates formed in freshwater and seawater. Batch flocculation experiments were performed to determine the size of the flocculated aggregates over time by using focused beam reflectance measurements. Sedimentation tests were performed to analyze the settling rate of the solid–liquid interface and the turbidity of the supernatant. Subsequently, a model that relates the hindered settling rate to the aggregate size was used to determine the mass fractal dimension (Df). Flocculation

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34

Shinkaruk, A. A., T. A. Makhova, V. E. Danilov, M. A. Frolova, A. M. Tyurin, and S. V. Sidorenkov. "Investigation of Coagulation-flocculation Clarification of Saponite-containing Suspension." Ecology and Industry of Russia 29, no. 6 (2025): 22–28. https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2025-6-22-28.

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The results of laboratory and preliminary production tests on selection of the type and concentrations of reagents of different chemical nature for sedimentation of saponite suspension formed as a by-product during the development of the M.V. Lomonosov diamond deposit (Arkhangelsk region). It is shown that different concentrations and combinations of coagulants and flocculants can increase the sedimentation rate of saponite suspension (pulp). Modeling of production tests on the action of reagents in dynamic conditions of sedimentation on a laboratory thickener with the volume of 0.3 m3 was car

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35

Zangooei, Hossein, Mohammad Delnavaz, and Gholamreza Asadollahfardi. "Prediction of coagulation and flocculation processes using ANN models and fuzzy regression." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 6 (2016): 1296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.315.

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Coagulation and flocculation are two main processes used to integrate colloidal particles into larger particles and are two main stages of primary water treatment. Coagulation and flocculation processes are only needed when colloidal particles are a significant part of the total suspended solid fraction. Our objective was to predict turbidity of water after the coagulation and flocculation process while other parameters such as types and concentrations of coagulants, pH, and influent turbidity of raw water were known. We used a multilayer perceptron (MLP), a radial basis function (RBF) of arti

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Kfir, R., B. W. Bateman, B. A. Pitout, and P. Coubrough. "Disinfection of Polluted Water by Chlorine-Flocculant Tablet." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 3 (1989): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0101.

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Two water treatment tablets were evaluated for their efficacy of removal of E. coli bacteria, coliphage V1 and polio 1 from water. The activity of both tablets is based on flocculation as well as disinfection with additional straining. The tablets differ from each other only in their disinfectant source, i.e. Chlor-floc A contains Halazone and Chlorfloc B contains dichloro-S-triazine-trione. Tests were carried out using simulated hard and coloured water at room temperature. Results indicated both tablets to be efficient but showed tablet B to be of superior quality. Tablet B was shown to elimi

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Szpak, Joseph P., Donald R. Woods, and Kyle Bouchard. "Critique of Jar Testing for the Design of Coagulation-Flocculation Systems." Water Quality Research Journal 31, no. 1 (1996): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1996.004.

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Abstract The effects of clay type and concentration, jar shape, paddle shape, rapid mix time and flocculation velocity gradient on batch, bench-scale jar tests of turbidity were studied using a fractional factorial design. The two-parameter kinetic model for flocculation of Agraman, Kaufman and Bratby was used. This model provided a good fit of the data when they were log-transformed. The variables that had a statistically significant effect on the kinetics constants for floc agglomeration and breakup were the interaction of clay concentration and flocculation velocity gradient, plus clay type

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Choumane, Fatima Zohra, Fatiha Zaoui, Fatma Kandouci, Bouhana Maachou, and Belkacem Benguella. "Valorization of potato peel residues to produce a bioflocculant to be used in the treatment of liquid effluents." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1204, no. 1 (2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1204/1/012002.

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Abstract The present study aims primarily to investigate the flocculation capacity of a novel potato peel-based bioflocculant in wastewater treatment. The analysis of wastewater revealed high COD and BOD5 contents that could respectively reach the values 529.08 mg O2/l and 317.03 mg O2/l. In addition, the effect of experimental parameters such as the pH, coagulant/flocculant dosage, and contact time, was studied using the coagulation-flocculation treatment technique. The experiments were carried out with a lab-scale jar-test apparatus where aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was used as a coagulant age

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Yue, Tao, Xiqing Wu, Xiao Chen, and Tianyu Liu. "A Study on the Flocculation and Sedimentation of Iron Tailings Slurry Based on the Regulating Behavior of Fe3+." Minerals 8, no. 10 (2018): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8100421.

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Based on the regulating behavior of Fe3+, flocculation and sedimentation tests of iron tailings slurry flocculated using 2 mg/L anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) were studied, including the tests of Fe3+ dosage, regulating time, and pH. Flocculation–sedimentation tests showed that: a recommended addition of 56 mg/L Fe3+ produced a surprisingly bad flocculation effect; sedimentation ability decreased with the increase of regulating time, however, the regulating ability during the first 1 min was low; Fe3+ displayed a high regulating effect at pH 6–7, and then decreased with the increase of slurry p

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Carnevale Miino, Marco, Vincenzo Torretta, Martina Repková, Petr Hlavínek, and Július Telek. "Treatment of a Real Brewery Wastewater with Coagulation and Flocculation: Impact on Organic Substance and Nutrient Concentrations." Applied Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 2999. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15062999.

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Brewery wastewater (BWW) often contains a high concentration of organic matter and nutrients, requiring pre-treatment before it can be effectively treated in conventional wastewater treatment plants. This study focuses on the use of coagulation–flocculation techniques to treat real industrial wastewater. Firstly, lab-scale tests have been carried out to determine the most effective coagulant and flocculant type and concentration. The levels of pollutants, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand in five days (BOD5), total nitrogen (Ntot), total phosphorus (Ptot), and or

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Ai, Heng Yu, Ming Ming Wang, Lu Han, Burigude, Bo Wei, and Yan Qiu Jia. "Features on Head Loss of Flocculation Tank Installed with Small Mesh Grid." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.424.

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Small mesh grid is mostly used as flocculation equipment in present water plant, and its head loss is closely related to flocculation effect. Flocculation tank installed with several grid groups in different mesh sizes were tested with a view to evaluating its head loss characteristics, including the frictional and local head losses. The tests were carried out at pilot scale, using a steel tank as flocculation basin. The grids are made of plastic material and the cross section size of the grid trips is 7 mm in width and 2 mm in height. The results indicate that relative roughness is most assoc

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Shin, Gwy-Am, and Mark D. Sobsey. "Removal of norovirus from water by coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes." Water Supply 15, no. 1 (2014): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.100.

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In this study, we determined the removal of a prototype human norovirus (Norwalk virus, NV) by bench-scale alum coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for norovirus assays. After determining optimum conditions for the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes in terms of turbidity reduction, jar tests were performed using the same waters seeded with test viruses. For comparison, two other important health-related viruses, poliovirus 1 (PV1) and coliphage MS2, were included in this study. The removal of NV

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Matovelle, Carlos, María Quinteros, and Diego Heras. "Machine Learning Techniques in Dosing Coagulants and Biopolymers for Treating Leachate Generated in Landfills." Water 15, no. 24 (2023): 4200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15244200.

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The leachate discharges generated in sanitary landfills contain many pollutants that are harmful to the environment; treatments are scarce and should be carried out better. The use of coagulation–flocculation processes has been one of the most widely used, but due to the complexity of the characterization of the leachate, the dosing strategy of coagulants and biopolymers needs to be clarified. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the doses of coagulants and biopolymers suitable for coagulation–flocculation processes in the treatment of leachates using computational models

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Faez Abdulmohsin Al-Kathili and Doaa hameed khalaf. "Spiral tube flocculation for drinking water treatment plants." GSC Advanced Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (2022): 059–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscaet.2022.4.1.0052.

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Almost all water treatment plants for either surface raw water or water from reservoirs needs to have some kind of a system to eliminate time required for particles to settle down in the settling tanks (This occurs by increase turbidity particle size). A coagulant to be added and a flocculation’s system to inshore a good and homogenous distribution of chemicals to form up the correct size of particles to settled within the settling tanks. In water treatment plants many types of clary- flocculates are used either the mechanicals paddle or hydraulic jumps of steam water or using the spiral tubes

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Rusten, B., B. Eikebrokk, and G. Thorvaldsen. "Coagulation as Pretreatment of Food Industry Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 9 (1990): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0060.

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Jar-tests, pilot-plant and full-scale experiments on chemical pretreatment of food industry wastewater have been performed. The objectives were to find maximum removal efficiencies, suitable coagulation and flocculation agents, and the optimum process design. The results showed that the wastewater composition greatly influences the maximum removal efficiencies and also the conditions for optimum coagulation and flocculation. Optimum pH depends on the chemical agent and the actual dosage used. With proper pH-adjustment, addition of either 0.10-0.15 mg FeCl3-6H2O/mg COD, or about 0.20 mg Al2(SO4

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Sun, Wei Min, Guang Cheng Zhang, He Lin Li, et al. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Flocculation Properties of Branched Polyacrylamide." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 2311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.2311.

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A water soluble branched polyacrylamide has been synthesized through solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated by potassium diperiodatocuprate, K5[Cu(HIO6)2](Cu(III)), in alkaline medium and capable of initiating the self condensation vinyl polymerization of acrylamide monomer. The polymer obtained was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Its flocculation properties were evaluated with clay suspensions using standard jar tests. The concentration of monomers, concentration of initiators, reaction te

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Chen, Yanfei, Yuanlin Chen, and Lei Zhang. "Effect of the Molecular Weight of Carboxymethyl Cellulose on the Flotation of Chlorite." Materials 16, no. 9 (2023): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093356.

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The present study aimed to investigate the influence mechanism of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the flotation of fine chlorite. To this end, a series of flotation tests, sedimentation tests, and microscope analyses were conducted. Flotation tests revealed an inverse relationship between particle size and the recovery of chlorite, indicating that finer particles exhibited higher recovery rates. Moreover, it was observed that the recovery of fine chlorite was significantly associated with the water recovery (proportion of water entering the floated product to the weight of water in the initia

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Li, Gang, Dengpan Qiao, and Jincheng Xie. "Optimization of Flocculation and Sedimentation Parameters of Total Tailing Filling Material Based on Response Surface Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (March 28, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4804721.

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Using sulfide ore and oxide ore tailings of a tin mine in Yunnan as raw materials, 17 groups of flocculation settling tests were designed by Box-Behnken in Design-Expert software, and the settling velocity and underflow concentration of mixed tailings with sulfur/oxygen ratio of 5 : 5 were studied. The effects of volume concentration, flocculant unit consumption, and flocculant concentration on settling velocity and underflow concentration were explored, and the optimal parameters of settling velocity and underflow concentration were obtained. Results. The best mixing parameters of mixed taili

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Etiégni, L., M. Wakoli, and K. Ofosu-Asiedu. "Design of an efficient tannin extract effluent treatment system." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (1999): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0674.

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A study was undertaken on the combined wastewater effluent from a Tannin extract plant (90%) and a Mushroom Production Unit (10%). The effluent had BOD5 of 2350 mg/l, COD of 4600 mg/l, and high levels of total suspended solid (0.43-4.20 mg/l), phosphorus (2078 mg/l), free ammonia (2982 mg/l) and colour index of 50 to 150°H. These values are effluent Standards of Eldoret Town in Kenya. To address these problems, three potential treatment processes were considered: VITOX system using pure oxygen, lagoon evaporation system, and Step-alum coagulation/flocculation process using wood ash leachate fo

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Sorlini, Sabrina, Michela Biasibetti, Francesca Gialdini, and Maria Cristina Collivignarelli. "How can drinking water treatments influence chlorine dioxide consumption and by-product formation in final disinfection?" Water Supply 16, no. 2 (2015): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.142.

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In this study water samples of different origins (subalpine lake, artificial lake and river) were treated by pre-oxidation, coagulation/flocculation, adsorption on granular activated carbon and disinfection. Different laboratory-scale tests were carried out to evaluate the treatment impact on ClO2 consumption in disinfection and on the formation of disinfection by-products (trihalomethanes, adsorbable organic halogen, chlorite and chlorate). The results showed that coagulation/flocculation and activated carbon adsorption have the most significant impact on reducing disinfectant consumption. Pr

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