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Journal articles on the topic 'Flocculation Water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Ma, Jun, and Guibai Li. "Laboratory and Full-Scale Plant Studies of Permanganate Oxidation as an Aid in Coagulation." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 11 (1993): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0263.

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Standard jar tests and full-scale plant studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of permanganate preoxidation as an aid to coagulation-flocculation of surface waters. The results of the Jar tests demonstrated that permanganate preoxidation obviously enhanced the coagulation-flocculation of the studied surface waters. Through full-scale plant studies, the positive effects of permanganate assistance in coagulation-flocculation of surface raters were confirmed by the turbidity reduction of about 4~11 FTU at permanganate dosages of 1~2 mg/L. It was observed that the size of flocs in th

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2

Kurbiel, J., A. Sapulak, and H. Schade. "The Use of a Turbulent Pipe-Flow for Rapid Flocculation of Precipitate in the Electroplating Wastewater Treatment." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 7 (1991): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0208.

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The paper presents the results of an experimental pilot study on advanced flocculation of metal hydroxides that are precipitated from electroplating wastewater during pH-adjustment. A pipe-flocculator with a turbulent flow, to ensure proper mixing conditions, was used instead of a classical flocculation tank. The results of the study indicated a high efficiency of the process. The flocculation proceeded within 50-100 seconds, which was much less than is required during classical flocculation. Application of a pipe-flocculator results also in reduction of both capital and operating costs of the

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3

Zhang, Rui, Yu Liu, MeiRong Sun, et al. "Offshore Polluted Water treatment by biocomposites flocculation." SDRP Journal of Earth Sciences & Environmental Studies 5, no. 1 (2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jeses.5.1.ra.10609.

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4

Zhu, Yanbin, Shan Li, Dengxin Li, Chunyan Liu, and Fang Ma. "Bioflocculation behaviours of microbial communities in water treatment." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 4 (2013): 694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.746.

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We studied the flocculation behaviours of microbial communities in 21 soil, wastewater and activated sludge samples to clarify the effects of culture medium types on flocculation ability and screening efficiency, and to analyze diverse functions and microbial compositions. The bioflocculants produced by 33% of the microbial communities had flocculating efficiencies higher than 90%. Six out of the eight microbial communities with efficiencies over 94% were screened from the culture medium using dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as the carbon source. BF-BCT, which was derived from the Chinese cabbage soil

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5

Zeng, Fancheng, Liang Xu, Caiyun Sun, Hong Liu, and Libo Chen. "A Novel Bioflocculant from Raoultella planticola Enhances Removal of Copper Ions from Water." Journal of Sensors 2020 (July 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2581205.

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Copper is one of the most toxic heavy metals. In this work, a sampling survey of copper ions in the water of Songhua River flowing through the chemical and living areas of Jilin City was studied. A new bioflocculant from Raoultella planticola was obtained. The investigation of Songhua River flowing through Jilin City shows that the copper concentration is between 0.07 ppb and 0.16 ppb. The bioflocculant supporting graphite oxide (GO) as a bioflocculant inducer used in this study has been utilized in treatment of copper ions in water. GO and bioflocculant infrared radiation (IR) spectrum and ze

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6

Kurbiel, Jerzy, Adam Sapulak, and Horst Schade. "Application of Pipe Flocculator and Cross-Flow Tilted Plate Settler for Effective Separation of Precipitate from Electroplating Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 6-7 (1989): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0256.

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During a research program, the flocculation and settling of suspended solids in electroplating wastewater were tested. The experimental unit comprised a pipe flocculator and a cross-flow tilted plate settler. The experiment showed high efficiency of the system at short flocculation and settling times: τf = 50 s and τc = 11 min., respectively.

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7

Wang, Dang Wei, Zu Wen Ji, Zhan Di Dong, and Hai Hua Hu. "Mechanism of Sediment Flocs Formation in the Three Gorges Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2988–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2988.

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Settling velocity of sediment increases if flocculating occurred, and this enlarges deposition in reservoirs. According to water environmental factors in the Three Gorges reservoir, potential energy and forces between particles are evaluated based on DLVO theory. The critical water dynamics conditions were obtained by comparing extremum in synthetic potential curve and kinetic energy caused by relative velocity between particles. It is found that sediment flocculating is apt to happen when water level is high according to flow dynamics in the Three Gorges reservoir. The flocs are relatively lo

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8

Bunker, Donald Q., James K. Edzwald, Jan Dahlquist, and Lars Gillberg. "Pretreatment considerations for dissolved air flotation: water type, coagulants and flocculation." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 3-4 (1995): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0517.

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Pretreatment considerations of coagulant selection, flocculation time and flocculation mixing intensity were studied for two different water supply types, aquatic humic and non-aquatic humic waters of low turbidity. Alum, ferric salts, and various polyaluminium chlorides (PACs) with different chemical properties were all effective in dissolved air flotation (DAF) when used under favorable conditions of dosage, pH, and flocculation time. A stoichiometry was found for the aluminium coagulants between coagulant dose and raw water DOC. Si and sulfate PACs were effective in treating cold waters wit

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9

Ji, B., X. Y. Zhang, Z. Li, H. Q. Xie, X. M. Xiao, and G. J. Fan. "Flocculation properties of a bioflocculant produced by Bacillus licheniformis." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 8 (2010): 1907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.478.

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Studies of the flocculation properties of bioflocculant combined with its structure characterization are helpful to develop more effective bioflocculant. This paper reports findings of our research on the flocculation properties of the bioflocculant ZS-7 in the kaolin suspension based on its structure characterization. With the addition of 2 mg/L ZS-7 and 9 mM CaCl2, the optimum temperature for flocculation performance of ZS-7 in the kaolin suspension is about 30°C, giving the highest flocculating activity 99.2%. Studies of the flocculation properties revealed that it was stable at 60–100°C an

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10

Murad, Fatin Nabilah. "OPTIMIZATION OF FLOCCULATION PROCESS BY MICROBIAL COAGULANT IN RIVER WATER." IIUM Engineering Journal 18, no. 2 (2017): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.740.

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The existing process of coagulation and flocculation are using chemicals that known as cationic coagulant such as alum, ferric sulfate, calcium oxide, and organic polymers.Â Thus, this study concentrates on optimizing of flocculation process by microbial coagulant in river water. Turbidity and suspended solids are the main constraints of river water quality in Malaysia. Hence, a study is proposed to produce microbial coagulants isolated locally for river water treatment. The chosen microbe used as the bioflocculant producer is Aspergillus niger. The parameters to optimization in the flocculati

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11

Preston, Kelsey, Daniele Lantagne, Nadine Kotlarz, and Kristen Jellison. "Turbidity and chlorine demand reduction using alum and moringa flocculation before household chlorination in developing countries." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 1 (2009): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.210.

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Over 1.1 billion people in the world lack access to improved drinking water. Diarrhoeal and other waterborne diseases cause an estimated 1.87 million deaths per year. The Safe Water System (SWS) is a household water treatment intervention that reduces diarrhoeal disease incidence among users in developing countries. Turbid waters pose a particular challenge to implementation of SWS programmes; although research shows that a 3.75 mg l−1 sodium hypochlorite dose effectively treats turbid waters, users sometimes object to the strong chlorine taste and prefer to drink water that is more aesthetica

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12

Clopet, Caroline. "Processing water: Flocculation for potable water." Filtration & Separation 45, no. 2 (2008): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(08)70424-5.

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13

Davlud, D. N., P. D. Vorobiev, D. V. Сherednichenko, et al. "Polyacrylamide flocculants in phase separation processes of mineral ore salt dispersions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 55, no. 3 (2019): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2019-55-3-369-376.

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The features of clay-saline (potassium and sodium chlorides) dispersions flocculation using polyacrylamide and its cationic and anionic copolymers are described, including the effect of flocculant concentration, solid concentration in dispersion, method of polymer dissolution in water or saline solution on the sedimentation rate and flocculation density. It is shown that polyacrylamide has the highest flocculating ability towards clay-saline dispersion, and cationic copolymers – the lowest effect. It is shown that in concentrated clay dispersions flocculation starts at lower flocculant dose ra

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14

Liu, Xin Liang, Chang Li Ouyang, Yun Xia Bai, Hai Nong Song, and Shuang Fei Wang. "Evaluate the Efficiency of Fenton Oxidation and the Coagulant Aids in Fenton-Flocculation Process." Advanced Materials Research 281 (July 2011): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.191.

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Fenton-flocculation process as one of effective the advanced oxidation treatments was widely used and studied. In this paper, the efficiency of Fenton oxidation was evaluated by the velocity ratio of CODcr decreased to Fenton reagent consumed. The coagulant aids, PAC and PAM, were canalized by CODcr removal rate, transmittance of the supernatant, the flocculation ratio and sludge settling ratio in Fenton-flocculation process. As the results shown, comparing with flocculation by Fenton reagent, transmittance of the supernatant and flocculating ratio can reach 50% and 80% respectively. The optim

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15

Ghawi, Ali. "Optimal design parameters for hydraulic vertical flocculation in the package surface water treatment plant." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 4 (2019): 438–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.4.42.

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After 2003, hundreds projects were completed to provide drinking water to rural areas in most governorates in Iraq. These projects consist of the package water treatment plant, which treats surface water from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. All the package water treatment plant contains a mechanical flocculators, which suffers from continuous faults and needs periodic maintenance and needs electric energy to operate, which leads to an increase in the cost of water production and lack of quality of water produced. In this project, the possibility of changing the type of flocculators from mecha

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16

Ugbenyen, Anthony M., John J. Simonis, and Albertus K. Basson. "Screening for Bioflocculant-Producing Bacteria from the Marine Environment of Sodwana Bay, South Africa." Annals of Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ast-2018-0010.

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AbstractFlocculants are chemicals that mediate flocculation process, by aggregating colloids from suspension to form floc. Chemical flocculants are hazardous to the environment, which inform the search for safer and eco-friendly alternatives from microorganisms. Bacterial strains were isolated from water and sediment samples collected from Sodwana Bay, South Africa, and physiological properties of the bacterial strains were observed. Flocculation test using kaolin clay suspension was done on all isolates and the ones that showed flocculating activity were identified molecularly using 16 rRNA g

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17

Sridhar, P., C. Namasivayam, and G. Prabhakaran. "Algae flocculation in reservoir water." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32, no. 3 (1988): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320312.

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18

Zhanpeng, Jiang, and Guan Yuntao. "Flocculation morphology: effect of particulate shape and coagulant species on flocculation." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 7 (2006): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.202.

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Flocculation morphology is a new concept that investigates the morphological characteristics of colloidal particles and coagulants in water during the flocculation process, and the influence that these characteristics have on flocculation process efficiency. This paper is a summary of advances in research on this topic over several years. Morphological characteristics of colloids in natural waters and different kinds of hydrolysed coagulants are investigated, and their effect on colloid stability, flocculation kinetics and efficiency is analysed. It is confirmed that the traditional theory has

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19

Li, Xiao Yan, Yang Chen, Sha Liu, and Zhi Min Zhou. "Flocculation Process for the Treatment of Ballast Water Application Research Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (October 2014): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.39.

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Flocculation process is a method of ballast water treatment process which can satisfy the security, effective, environmental protection, operation and economic request , on the treatment of ballast water has been studied widely at home and abroad .The paper summarizes the flocculation process application treatment about ballast water of ship, introduced the affecting flocculation process factors , and discussed the application prospect of flocculation technology in ballast water treatment application field .

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20

Yan, Xiaoqian, and Xunjiang Zhang. "Interactive effects of clay and polyacrylamide properties on flocculation of pure and subsoil clays." Soil Research 52, no. 7 (2014): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14106.

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Turbidity reduction is essential for improving surface water quality. Eroded fine sediments not only increase surface water turbidity, they also carry pollutants such as heavy metals and pathogens. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mechanisms of adsorption and desorption of polyacrylamide (PAM) by pure kaolinite and montmorillonite, and to test the ability of PAM to flocculate the two pure clays as well as four subsoils having distinct clay mineralogy. PAMs with different charge type, density, and molecular weights were used, and a standard flocculation series test and an is

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21

Liu, Ya, Cuicui Lv, Jian Ding, et al. "Characterization of a hybrid polyacrylamide and its flocculation properties in cyanide tailing suspensions." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 9 (2017): 2482–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.422.

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Abstract An inorganic-organic hybrid flocculant Al(OH)3-polyacrylamide (Al-PAM) with narrow molecular weight distribution was synthesized using inverse microemulsion polymerization. The hybrid polymer Al-PAM was characterized by Infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that it had a ‘star-like’ structure in which Al(OH)3 colloidal particles acted as cores linking PAM chains. The properties of Al-PAM were investigated in flocculating 10 wt% cyanide tailing suspensions. It was found that as the amount o

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22

Young, S., and D. W. Smith. "Effect of pulp mill chemicals on flocculation in river water." Water Supply 1, no. 2 (2001): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0045.

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Thousands of pulp mill chemicals have been released into the aquatic environment. Some of them may cause flocculation and deposition of an organic matrix and incoming suspended sediments downstream of pulp mills in rivers, and may have adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to identify the chemicals inducing coagulation and flocculation in river water. This assists in understanding the mechanism for its formation, and will improve the transport models by including the effect of flocculation. Presented is the effect of pulp mill effluent related cationic ions and orga

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23

Ma, Lin Zhuan, Zhi Ying Wang, Jun Ming Guo, Qiong Fang Cui, Man Hong Liu, and Ying Jie Zhang. "Treating the Eutrophic Water by Ultrasonic – Flocculation Sedimentation." Advanced Materials Research 662 (February 2013): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.662.445.

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With the development of industrial production and the improvement people's living standards, all kinds of discharged wastewater cause serious pollution for nitrogen and phosphorus.In this study, the water of Dianchi lake was treated by Ultrasonic – flocculation. The results show ultrasound-flocculation sedimentation is better than only flocculation sedimentation in removing the total phosphorus, total nitrogen and reducing COD, BOD and turbidity respectively increased 16.19%, 12.71%, 9.1%, 20%, 18.3%.

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Monette, Frédéric, François G. Brière, Michel Létourneau, Marc Duchesne, and Robert Hausler. "Traitement des eaux usées par coagulation-floculation avec recirculation des boues chimiques : Évaluation et validation à grande échelle." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 4 (2000): 735–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-045.

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Two sequences of tests were carried out at the Centre d'épuration Rive-Sud wastewater treatment plant (Longueuil, Que.) to evaluate the performances of a coagulation-flocculation process with chemical sludge recycling. The tests consisted in following the evolution of the quality of the treated water when two flowsheets are supplied simultaneously in parallel with the same wastewater, one flowsheet incorporating the sludge recycling process. Results showed that the recycled sludge contributes significantly to water degradation compared with a classical coagulation-flocculation system. These re

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Shon, H. K., W. S. Guo, S. Vigneswaran, H. H. Ngo, and In S. Kim. "Effect of Flocculation in Membrane‐Flocculation Hybrid System in Water Reuse." Separation Science and Technology 39, no. 8 (2005): 1871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ss-120030773.

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Su, Zhao Yang, Xing Li, Yan Ling Yang, Zhi Wei Zhou, and Yan Wu. "Ballasted Flocculation of Micro-Sand/Magnetic Powder for Landscape Water Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.56.

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In current paper, ballasted flocculation as a simulated Actiflo and Sirofloc process with coagulant, micro-sand (MS)/magnetic powder (MP) and PAM was optimized using single-factor and orthogonal experimental method for eutrophic landscape water treatment. A flocculation index instrument was also used to indicate the flocs property. It was determined that the optimum removal rate of turbidity, UV254, CODMnand total phosphorus, with 96.11%, 34.63%, 57.88% and 55.32%, respectively were achieved under MP ballasted flocculation with PAM added 2 minutes after initial mixing. Additionally, MS/MP ball

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Bonneville, C., and D. W. Smith. "Effects of pre-ozonation and selected advanced water treatment processes on Mount Seymour impoundment water." Water Supply 1, no. 2 (2001): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0024.

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In May 1999, a project using a dissolved air flotation (DAF)/ozone/filtration pilot plant was started to study the effects of pre-ozonation on the flocculation of particles and removal of organic matter in an advanced treatment process. Results indicate that small doses of ozone pre-ozonation slightly improve the flocculation of particles and their subsequent removal in the DAF unit when used in conjunction with alum or PACl. However, it was found that high ozone doses impeded flocculation. More significant is ozone's benefit for the removal of UV-absorbing organic matter. The study also found

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28

Arendze, S., and M. Sibiya. "Filter backwash water treatment options." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 4, no. 2 (2013): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.131.

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Filtration acts as the final step in the removal of suspended matter and protozoa. The accumulated residue is removed during the backwash process and any subsequent recycling of filter backwash water could potentially re-introduce these contaminants into the main treatment process. By separating the filter backwash water from the main treatment process, factors that could interfere with the integrity of the primary treatment barriers, will be eliminated. Treatment and recovery of the filter backwash water would be beneficial in terms of water reuse, by replacing a proportion of the freshwater

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29

Lerch, A., G. Hagmeyer, R. Gimbel, and J. Fehn. "A comparison of laboratory and pilot plant experiments on the combination of flocculation/ultrafiltration for direct potable water treatment of river water." Water Supply 3, no. 5-6 (2003): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0187.

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A direct treatment of river waters with ultrafiltration is not yet realised in larger scales due to considerable fouling and scaling effects caused by water contaminants on the membranes surface under those circumstances. Therefore, the deposits on the membrane cannot be eliminated extensively by conventional backwashing. An extensive detachment of the formed layers while backwashing is desired to achieve cost advantages when using the process combination flocculation/ultrafiltration for the direct treatment of surface waters. Hence, pilot and laboratory plant experiments were carried out whil

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Xu, Yan, Kemin Gan, Siyi Liang, Haitao Liu, and Qunhui Wang. "Investigation and Optimization of Chitosan Performance in Flocculating Kaolin Suspensions Using a Real-Time Suspending Solid Concentration Measuring Method." Water 13, no. 4 (2021): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040513.

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The performance of chitosan in flocculating kaolin suspensions was investigated. A real-time suspended solid (SS) concentration measuring method was applied. The influence of pH was examined from 2.0 to 13.0. The optimal pH value for low-grade (100 mg/L), middle-grade (500 mg/L), and high-grade (1000 mg/L) kaolin suspension samples was 8.0. The optimal dosage of chitosan for the three grades of kaolin suspensions was 5.0 mg/L, regardless of the initial SS concentration. An orthogonal array test was performed to determine the optimal hydraulic conditions. Range analysis and variance analysis sh

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Scriven, R. J., S. K. Ouki, A. S. Doggart, and M. J. Bauer. "The impact of physico-chemical water treatment on a novel flotation/filtration process." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (1999): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0658.

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Recent research explored the application of mechanical flocculation ahead of a novel flotation/filtration process (Counter Current Dissolved Air Flotation/Filtration - COCO DAFFTM) and compared it to the process performance seen when hydraulic flocculation was used. The energy input to the system, expressed in terms of the mean velocity gradient, G (s−1), and retention time, t, were used as a guideline for comparison between the two types of flocculation. Generally, better COCO DAFFTM performance resulted from using mechanical flocculation as against that using hydraulic flocculation. High G v

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Luukkonen, Tero, Emma Tuulia Tolonen, and Jaakko Rämö. "Chemical perspectives on water treatment." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 1, no. 1 (2013): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.v1i1.1127.

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This article was produced based on a workshop on Coagulation and flocculation in water treatment, held at National Days of Chemical Education 13 to 14 April 2012. The workshop dealt with the central unit operation of surface water treatment, coagulation/flocculation. There are interesting chemical phenomena related to coagulation and flocculation, and it is possible to demonstrate them with relatively simple equipment. Demonstration, suitable for classroom environment, is presented in the section discussing surface water treatment. Water treatment is for the most part based on chemical p

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Ngo, H. H., S. Vigneswaran, and V. Jegatheesan. "Mathematical modelling of downflow floating medium filter (DFF) with in-line flocculation arrangement." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 3-4 (1996): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0451.

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A laboratory-scale set-up consisting of rapid mixing device and floating medium filter was used to study the use of a downflow floating medium filter (DFF) with an in-line flocculation arrangement as a static flocculator and a prefilter. The semi-empirical mathematical model formulated incorporates flocculation within the filter, particle/floc attachment onto the filter and the detachment of flocs from the medium. The mathematical model for filtration takes into account the expansion of the filter bed. The removal efficiency of DFF and headloss development were successfully simulated for diffe

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34

Vasilenko, T. A., and A. D. Mishina. "Designing a Technology of Industrial Sewage Waters Purification from the Spent Polishing Powder Based on Ceric Oxide." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.719.

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The primary activity of an enterprise, where the wastewater samples have been taken, is applying lacquer coatings to glass and the mirrors production. For washing glass before the application of coatings a suspension of powder based on ceric oxide is prepared, which is used as a polishing solution. The physical and chemical properties of industrial sewage waters, generated after glass polishing, and of the initial and spent polishing powder based on ceric oxide have been researched. The optimal doses of flocculating agents for purifying wastewaters in order to reduce turbidity, suspended solid

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Johnson, Mary Anne. "Water processing: Improving flocculation with impellers." Filtration & Separation 46, no. 2 (2009): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(09)70033-3.

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Hameed, M. S., T. J. Muhammed, and A. A. Sapre. "Improved technique for river water flocculation." Filtration & Separation 32, no. 1 (1995): 63–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(97)84021-9.

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Yahi, H., S. Elmaleh, and J. Coma. "Algal flocculation-sedimentation by pH increase in a continuous reactor." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 8 (1994): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0421.

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The effectiveness of microalgae flocculation by pH increase was investigated using the jar test procedure. The results indicated that pH values between 11.8 and 12 induced extensive flocculation without need of adding magnesium. pH was increased by sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. In both cases, the total solids abatement was more than 95% producing sludge of excellent settleability and good mechanical resistance quantified by a destructive test. The next step was the operation of a continuous flocculator which might optionally be packed with granular sand or inert resin. It was shown th

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Ogunlaja, A., B. J. Ibidunni, K. Oyende, and O. O. Ogunlaja. "Optimization of bioflocculant production by bacteria isolated from oil-polluted soil and fermented maize effluent." Ife Journal of Science 22, no. 2 (2020): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i2.18.

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This study involved isolation of bioflocculant producing bacteria from soil and waste water. The isolates were tested for flocculation activities and those deemed fit were identified and the optimal environmental conditions for bioflocculant production were also determined. Samples were collected from oil-contaminated soil in Redeemer's University and fermented maize waste water. Microbial isolation was done using standardmicrobiological methods and identification was done using morphology, biochemical and molecular method with universal primer for 16SrRNA gene. Environmental conditions (pH, T

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Chen, Jen-Jeng, and Hsuan-Hsien Yeh. "Comparison of the effects of ozone and permanganate preoxidation on algae flocculation." Water Supply 6, no. 3 (2006): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.796.

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This study examined how ozone and permanganate preoxidation affect flocculation of Chodatella sp. cultures. Ozone caused cells release of extracellular organic matter (EOM) into the bulk water and altered the cell wall structure, detrimentally affecting algae flocculation. However, permanganate stressed cells, causing them to secrete EOM on cell surfaces, which can improve the absorbability of MnO2 during algae flocculation. In the presence of calcium, algae flocculation after permanganate preoxidation was appreciably increased due to Ca2 + functioning as a bridging agent between MnO2 and EOM.

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Elmaleh, S., J. Coma, and J. Borsato. "Algal Flocculation in a Magnesium Exchanger Fluidized Bed." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 7-8 (1992): 1689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0612.

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The effectiveness of the microalgae flocculation by a fluidized bed of magnesium exchanger resin particles was investigated. The results indicated that the total suspended solids abatement could reach 90% at pH 11.5 while the superficial upflow velocity was 30 m/h which corresponds to a residence time through the flocculator less than 1 minute. The abatement remains steady even after exhaustion of the ion exchange capacity while the bed is continuously expanding which makes the resin regeneration easy and lowers the magnesium requirement. The extracted sludge is easily thickened. The destabili

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Niu, Fu Sheng, Shu Xian Liu, Jin Xia Zhang, and Yi Miao Nie. "Study on Dispersion Behaviors of Oolitic Hematite Ultrafine Particles in Water." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 3169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.3169.

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The fine oolitic hematite ore (＜20μm) is easily covered by the ore slime, therefore, it is processed very difficultly with traditional crafts, for example, gravity treatment, magnetic separation, and flotation. The tiny iron ore is unable to recycle effectively, bring about a large of useful minerals running off. It is indicated that the selective flocculation is effective separation craft in many research works. The good dispersion of fine particles is the selective flocculation essential condition, the excessive dispersion will destroy the selective flocculation, at the same time it can be i

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You, Kun, Di Wang, Jun Liu, and Ya Shu Yuan. "Effect of EPS on Flocculation and Settlement of Activated Sludge in MBR." Advanced Materials Research 1023 (August 2014): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1023.262.

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The purpose is to determine the main influencing factors of flocculation and settlement of activated Sludge in MBR. By establishment of regression equation the main influence factor of flocculation and Settlement is ensured. The result shows that EPS has significant effect. The more the content of EPS, the poorer sludge characters. The polysaccharide makes important function during the process. It is hydrophilic substances. As polysaccharide is more, flocculation body will hold more water. At the same time, the separation of flocculation body and water is more difficult.

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Lin, Jie, Ying Min Wu, and Yan Hua Lu. "Study on Reactive Dye Wastewater Treatment with Quaternary Chitosan." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.525.

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Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is synthesized by means of heterogeneous reaction, and then applied to treat reactive dye waste water. Effects of flocculation factors on treatment waste water are discussed. The results show that, the quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan concentration and settling time have great effects on the flocculation effect, and the stirring manner has little effect on flocculation.

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Yang, B. M., C. M. Kao, W. P. Sung, C. P. Yang, and T. Y. Chen. "Removing of Nano-Particles from Semiconductor Wastewater Using a Hybrid Treatment System." Advanced Materials Research 528 (June 2012): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.71.

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Packaging process is one of the main manufacturing steps in the wafer fabrication industries. However, nano-particles would be produced during the packaging process. The produced nano-particle-contained wastewater has characteristics of dark color and high turbidity. Because the nano-particles would usually result in the clogging of the membrane filtration system when it is used for water treatment and reclamation, the application of a pre-treatment system is required to extend the membrane life. The objective of this study was to develop a pre-treatment system for packaging wastewater treatme

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Huang, Yawen, Yong Pang, Guoxiang Wang, et al. "Using PAC-modified clays to control black-bloom-induced black suspended matter in Lake Taihu: deposition and resuspension of black matter/clay flocs." Water Supply 16, no. 1 (2015): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.126.

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Flocculation using modified clays is a technique widely applied in the management of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) modified clay is an efficient flocculating agent in HAB control; however its effectiveness in black bloom management is still largely unknown. In the present study, PAC-modified clay was used to flocculate a black bloom under simulated flows. The deposition and resuspension of the black matter/clay flocs and the impact of the spreading of quartz sand to the flocs were quantitatively studied. The results showed that a dosage of 1.8 g/L PAC-modified clay (

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Zhang, Zhenchao. "The flocculation mechanism and treatment of oily wastewater by flocculation." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 10 (2017): 2630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.414.

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Abstract In the present study, the performance of compound flocculants composed of different concentrations of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), the influencing mechanism of the flocculation process and the effects of temperature, settling time, and speed and time of stirring were investigated. The results show that the poor water quality with high concentrations of oil, suspended solids (SS) and polymer greatly increases the oily wastewater emulsion stability and the difficulty of the flocculation treatment process. The compound flocculant in oily wastewater trea

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Dao, Trung Minh, Huong Thi Thu Bui, Dinh Kim Ngo, and Ngan Vo Chau Nguyen. "Assessing the effectiveness flocculation water fishery by some flocculation auxiliaries extracts from plants." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 4 (2016): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i4.646.

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This study applied one chemical coagulant, PAC, and three biological coagulant aids include Moringa seed gum, Cassia seed gums and polymer. The results indicated that the best dose of PAC be used as coagulants was 480 mg/L. Using polymer as aids with PAC could remove 66.70 % of COD, 66.86 % of SS, 39.01 % of color from studied wastewater. Using Moringa seed gums as aids with PAC could remove 69.34 % of COD and, 69.61 % of SS, 36.25 % of color from studied wastewater. Similarly, using Cassia seed gums as aids with PAC could remove 70.54 % of COD, 68.34 % of SS and 35.94 % of color from fish blo

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Li, Shao Xiu, Shu Jie Hu, Dong Mei Li, Wei Wei Duan, Wen Qin Xia, and Zhi Jia Zheng. "The Characteristics of Chitosan Applied in Drinking Water Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.638.

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Chitosan is a kind of natural, non-toxic and harmless substance. After its amino-group protonizing, it can form a cationic polymer which has excellent coagulation/flocculation properties. The application of chitosan in potable water treatment for the removal of particulates and dissolved organics has been studied extensively in the last decade. In order to further understand the specific property of chitosan applied in drinking water treatment, this paper introduces the effect of molecule weight and deacetylation of chitosan on coagulation/flocculation and coagulation/flocculation mechanism in

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Shin, Gwy-Am, and Mark D. Sobsey. "Removal of norovirus from water by coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes." Water Supply 15, no. 1 (2014): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.100.

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In this study, we determined the removal of a prototype human norovirus (Norwalk virus, NV) by bench-scale alum coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for norovirus assays. After determining optimum conditions for the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes in terms of turbidity reduction, jar tests were performed using the same waters seeded with test viruses. For comparison, two other important health-related viruses, poliovirus 1 (PV1) and coliphage MS2, were included in this study. The removal of NV

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Krishna, Swathy. "A review on bioflocculation using microalgae for nutrient removal from waste water." Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research 10, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/safer-v10n1-art2516.

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In recent decades, the eutrophication of surface water has become a major environmental concern. Increased concentration of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous lead to eutrophication condition which highlights the demand for effective and economical methods of removing nitrogen and phosphorous from waste water. Bio flocculation using microalgae is an excellent candidate for satisfying the dual purpose of nutrient removal and waste water treatment. It has so many advantages over conventional methods such as toxic free, no chemical is needed, low cost etc. In this review the bio flocculat

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