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Journal articles on the topic 'Flocks formation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Green, M. Clay, and Paul L. Leberg. "Flock formation and the role of plumage colouration in Ardeidae." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 5 (2005): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-058.

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It has been hypothesized that white plumage facilitates flock formation in Ardeidae. We conducted four experiments using decoys to test factors involved in attracting wading birds to a specific pond. The first three experiments tested the effects of plumage colouration, flock size, and species-specific decoys on flock formation. The fourth experiment examined intraspecific differences in flock choice between the two colour morphs of the reddish egret, Egretta rufescens (Gmelin, 1789). Wading birds landed at flocks of decoys more often than single or no decoys (P < 0.001) but exhibited no ov

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2

Azoulay, Rina, and Shulamit Reches. "Flocks formation model for self-interested UAVs." Intelligent Service Robotics 14, no. 2 (2021): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11370-021-00354-x.

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Yin, Shoulin, Hang Li, and Jie Liu. "New Pigeon Flocks Behavior Used for Multiple Robots Autonomous Formation." Journal of Software Engineering 11, no. 2 (2017): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jse.2017.210.216.

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4

Moussaid, Mehdi, Simon Garnier, Guy Theraulaz, and Dirk Helbing. "Collective Information Processing and Pattern Formation in Swarms, Flocks, and Crowds." Topics in Cognitive Science 1, no. 3 (2009): 469–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01028.x.

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Anderson, Kelsey, Philip A. Moore, Jerry Martin, and Amanda J. Ashworth. "Evaluation of a Novel Poultry Litter Amendment on Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (2021): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050563.

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Gaseous emissions from poultry litter causes production problems for producers as well as the environment, by contributing to climate change and reducing air quality. Novel methods of reducing ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in poultry facilities are needed. As such, our research evaluated GHG emissions over a 42 d period. Three separate flocks of 1000 broilers were used for this study. The first flock was used only to produce litter needed for the experiment. The second and third flocks were allocated to 20 pens in a randomized block design with four replicated of five treatm

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Jiang, Maosheng, Jiansong Zhang, Jiang Zhu, Xijun Yu, and Luiz Bevilacqua. "Characteristic finite element analysis of pattern formation dynamical model in polymerizing actin flocks." Applied Mathematics Letters 98 (December 2019): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2019.05.044.

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7

Makrai, László, Csaba Nemes, Anna Simon, et al. "Association of Enterococcus cecorum with vertebral osteomyelitis and spondylolisthesis in broiler parent chicks." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59, no. 1 (2011): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.59.2011.1.2.

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Enterococcus cecorumis the most frequently occurring enterococcal species in the intestine of chickens of over 12 weeks of age, and there are few reports on its isolation from the skeleton of broiler parent chicks. In the present study, observations on vertebral osteomyelitis and spondylolisthesis (‘kinky back syndrome’) showing high incidence in 8 broiler parent flocks in different parts of Hungary are summarised. Clinical signs were seen only in roosters between 5 and 13 weeks of age. Diseased birds were alert and remained sitting on their hocks with their feet slightly raised off the ground

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Cestari, Cesar, Cristina da Silva Gonçalves, and Celine de Melo. "Disentangling abiotic and biotic mechanisms behind the formation of heterospecific Nearctic-Neotropical shorebird flocks." Evolutionary Ecology 34, no. 6 (2020): 1047–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-020-10079-5.

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Kotarev, V. I., E. V. Mikhailov, N. A. Khokhlova, et al. "Histomorphometric indicators of chicken-broilers spleen of the cobb-500 cross within the species-specific interferon." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700100.

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The article presents the data study on the effect of recombinant avian alpha-interferon used by poultry flocks on the histomorphological structure of the spleen of broilers of Cobb 500 cross. The study shows the spleen of the experimental group chickens in a state of physiological maturity, which indicates the formation of the spleen as an immune organ in the early postnatal period becoming an important indicator of determining the state of the organism during its formation and adaptation to the environment.

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Qiu, Huaxin, and Haibin Duan. "Multiple UAV distributed close formation control based on in-flight leadership hierarchies of pigeon flocks." Aerospace Science and Technology 70 (November 2017): 471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.08.030.

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11

Beck, N. F. G., A. R. Peters, and S. P. Williams. "The effect of GnRH agonist (buserelin) treatment on day 12 post mating on the reproductive performance of ewes." Animal Production 58, no. 2 (1994): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800042557.

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AbstractAn investigation was conducted to determine the effects of treatment with the GnRH agonist buserelin on day 12 post mating on the reproductive performance of ewes. There was a non-significant (P > 0·05) increase in nonreturn rate (control 0·76 v. buserelin 0·83) and litter size (control 1·51 v. buserelin 1·77) in three flocks. However, there was a significant (P < 0·05) increase in the number of twin lambs born (control 20 v. buserelin 40) and litter size (control 1·44 v. buserelin 1·68) in the yearling flock. There was no effect of buserelin on oestrous cycle length, although th

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Suzuki, Toshitaka N. "Long-Distance Calling by the Willow Tit, Poecile montanus, Facilitates Formation of Mixed-Species Foraging Flocks." Ethology 118, no. 1 (2011): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01982.x.

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13

GREIG-SMITH, P. W. "THE FORMATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MIXED-SPECIES INSECTIVOROUS BIRD FLOCKS IN WEST AFRICAN SAVANNA WOODLAND." Ibis 120, no. 3 (2008): 284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1978.tb06789.x.

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Ottosen, Lisbeth M., Eduardo Arevalo, Heinz Stichnothe, and Wolfgang Calmano. "Formation of ferric flocks to remove for the removal of Zn and Cu from dockyard wastewater." Environmental Chemistry Letters 3, no. 4 (2005): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-005-0025-y.

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15

PUNTILA, M.-L., K. MÄKI, and A. NYLANDER. "Genetic parameters for wool traits in Finnsheep lambs." Agricultural and Food Science 16, no. 2 (2008): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960607782219274.

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Genetic parameters were estimated for wool characteristics of white and coloured Finnsheep. The data consisted of 5 309 lambs from ordinary production flocks, the Finnsheep nucleus flock and a breeding flock. The variance component estimation was done applying REML analyses. Wool traits included fleece uniformity, density, staple formation, lustre, crimp frequency, fineness grade and staple length. There was a smaller dataset that contained also lamb live weight, greasy fleece weight and additional fleece characteristics including fibre diameter measured with the OFDA method. The variance comp

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Evans, Roger M., and Clive V. J. Welham. "Aggregative mechanisms and behavior in ring-billed gulls departing from a colony." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 12 (1985): 2767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-412.

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Departures of ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) from a breeding colony were significantly clumped in time and space. Mean departure directions did not correlate among successive days, but were highly correlated with wind direction. Most gulls circling about the colony did not depart. Gulls that did depart typically flew directly away from the colony and approximately half emitted distinctive "contact" calls. Significantly more gulls departed when others were soaring on nearby thermals than at other comparable times. Playback experiments showed that contact calls and calls from thermal flo

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Umthong, Supawadee, John R. Dunn та Hans H. Cheng. "Depletion of CD8αβ+ T Cells in Chickens Demonstrates Their Involvement in Protective Immunity towards Marek’s Disease with Respect to Tumor Incidence and Vaccinal Protection". Vaccines 8, № 4 (2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040557.

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Marek’s disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus. Since 1970, MD has been controlled through widespread vaccination of commercial flocks. However, repeated and unpredictable MD outbreaks continue to occur in vaccinated flocks, indicating the need for a better understanding of MDV pathogenesis to guide improved or alternative control measures. As MDV is an intracellular pathogen that infects and transforms CD4+ T cells, the host cell-mediated immune response is considered to be vital for controlling MDV

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18

GROOM, CHRISTINE J., KRISTIN WARREN, and PETER R. MAWSON. "Survival and reintegration of rehabilitated Carnaby’s Cockatoos Zanda latirostris into wild flocks." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 1 (2017): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000642.

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SummaryRelease into the wild is the preferred outcome for rehabilitated animals, but often little is known about what happens to individuals following their release. Increased knowledge of post-release survival and reintegration into the wild could improve release and rehabilitation strategies. To assess the survival and reintegration of rehabilitated Endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoos Zanda latirostris into wild flocks we studied the movements and behaviour of 23 birds fitted with satellite tracking devices. We assessed longer term survival by collating records of leg-banded birds over eight year

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Sciortino, Alfredo, and Andreas R. Bausch. "Pattern formation and polarity sorting of driven actin filaments on lipid membranes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 6 (2021): e2017047118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017047118.

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Collective motion of active matter is ubiquitously observed, ranging from propelled colloids to flocks of bird, and often features the formation of complex structures composed of agents moving coherently. However, it remains extremely challenging to predict emergent patterns from the binary interaction between agents, especially as only a limited number of interaction regimes have been experimentally observed so far. Here, we introduce an actin gliding assay coupled to a supported lipid bilayer, whose fluidity forces the interaction between self-propelled filaments to be dominated by steric re

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Polyavina, Olga V., and Anastasia V. Dukalskaya. "Intrapopulation and inter-population variability of color polymorphism of synanthropic blue rock pigeon." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 3 (2020): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202093118.

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The paper deals with intrapopulation and inter-population variability of color polymorphism of synanthropic blue rock pigeons (Columba livia Gm., 1789) living in industrial centers of the Middle Urals. The authors have identified seasonal and inter-annual differences of color morphotypes of synanthropic blue rock pigeons, which are primarily determined by the total number of birds in clusters (flocks). With an increase of birds concentration in a flock, which occurs in winter, the relative proportion of the blue and the aberrant morphotypes increases while the relative proportion of the black-

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21

Evangelista, Dennis J., Dylan D. Ray, Sathish K. Raja, and Tyson L. Hedrick. "Three-dimensional trajectories and network analyses of group behaviour within chimney swift flocks during approaches to the roost." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1849 (2017): 20162602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2602.

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Chimney swifts ( Chaetura pelagica ) are highly manoeuvrable birds notable for roosting overnight in chimneys, in groups of hundreds or thousands of birds, before and during their autumn migration. At dusk, birds gather in large numbers from surrounding areas near a roost site. The whole flock then employs an orderly, but dynamic, circling approach pattern before rapidly entering a small aperture en masse . We recorded the three-dimensional trajectories of ≈1 800 individual birds during a 30 min period encompassing flock formation, circling, and landing, and used these trajectories to test sev

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22

Reznikov, Ivan V., Tatyana A. Savitskaya, and Dmitry D. Grinshpan. "Structure formation in binary systems hydrolysis lignin – oil product and thermochemical transformations of composites on their basis." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Chemistry, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-257x-2020-1-3-18.

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Rheological properties of hydrophobized hydrolysis lignin dispersions in tank oil, diesel fuel, and industrial oil were under study. It was found that at the hydrolysis lignin content of more than 20 wt. %, a coagulation-thixotropic structure with a pseudoplastic flow pattern is formed. The parameters of structure formation calculated within the theory of elastic flocks made it possible to characterize dispersions in diesel fuel as least structured. In accordance with the theory of diffusion-limited aggregation, a computer model of the aggregate of hydrolytic lignin particles in diesel fuel wa

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23

Sundar, K. S. Gopi, Greg P. Clancy, and Nita Shah. "Factors affecting formation of flocks of unusual size and composition in Black-necked Storks (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus) in Australia and India." Emu - Austral Ornithology 106, no. 3 (2006): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu05014.

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24

Hila, Kostaq, and Jani Dine. "On Hyperideals in Left Almost Semihypergroups." ISRN Algebra 2011 (September 14, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/953124.

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This paper deals with a class of algebraic hyperstructures called left almost semihypergroups (LA-semihypergroups), which are a generalization of LA-semigroups and semihypergroups. We introduce the notion of LA-semihypergroup, the related notions of hyperideal, bi-hyperideal, and some properties of them are investigated. It is a useful nonassociative algebraic hyperstructure, midway between a hypergroupoid and a commutative hypersemigroup, with wide applications in the theory of flocks, and so forth. We define the topological space and study the topological structure of LA-semihypergroups usin

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Pollott, G. E., and D. R. Guy. "The effect of fixed effect model and prior estimates on sire ranking in a suffolk sire referencing scheme." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600021462.

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Terminal Sire breeds have a considerable impact on lamb production in Britain’s stratified cross-breeding sheep industry. MLC (1988) estimated that 69% of lambs used for meat production are sired by the Terminal Sire breeds. The predominant Terminal Sire breed is the Suffolk, comprising 46% of the ram population in Britain. The genetic improvement of meat production characters has, traditionally, been difficult in this breed due to the large number of small flocks making up the breed, the restriction on AI use and the lack of a cost/effective central testing facility. However, the formation of

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Klotsman, Marina, and Ayellet Tal. "Animation of Flocks Flying in Line Formations." Artificial Life 18, no. 1 (2011): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00050.

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We provide a biologically motivated technique for modeling and animating bird flocks in flight, which produces plausible and realistic-looking flock animations. While most previous approaches have focused on animating cluster formations, this article introduces a technique for animating flocks that fly in certain patterns, so-called line formations. We distinguish between the behavior of such flocks during initiation and their behavior during steady flight. Our simulation of the initiation stage is rule-based and incorporates an artificial bird model. Our simulation of the steady-flight stage

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LEHNER, ANGELIKA, KATHRIN RIEDEL, LEO EBERL, PIETER BREEUWER, BENJAMIN DIEP, and ROGER STEPHAN. "Biofilm Formation, Extracellular Polysaccharide Production, and Cell-to-Cell Signaling in Various Enterobacter sakazakii Strains: Aspects Promoting Environmental Persistence." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 11 (2005): 2287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.11.2287.

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Enterobacter sakazakii is considered an opportunistic pathogen and has been implicated in food-associated cases of meningitis or enteritis, especially in neonates and infants. The organism has been detected in various types of food and in food production units, but so far only powdered infant formula has been linked to outbreaks of disease. Survival and persistence in such environments requires the ability to adapt to high osmotic potentials and/or dry conditions. Fifty-six E. sakazakii strains were evaluated for several features important for persistence and survival: (i) biofilm formation an

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Gorbonos, Dan, James G. Puckett, Kasper van der Vaart, Michael Sinhuber, Nicholas T. Ouellette, and Nir S. Gov. "Pair formation in insect swarms driven by adaptive long-range interactions." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 171 (2020): 20200367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0367.

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In swarms of flying insects, the motions of individuals are largely uncoordinated with those of their neighbours, unlike the highly ordered motion of bird flocks. However, it has been observed that insects may transiently form pairs with synchronized relative motion while moving through the swarm. The origin of this phenomenon remains an open question. In particular, it is not known if pairing is a new behavioural process or whether it is a natural by-product of typical swarming behaviour. Here, using an ‘adaptive-gravity’ model that proposes that insects interact via long-range gravity-like a

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Graham, Franklin C. "“We Eat with Different Spoons these Days”: The Maintenance of Pastoralism as a Social Formation in the Sahara and Sahel." Human Geography 6, no. 3 (2013): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861300600305.

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Despite the fatalistic rhetoric articulated by Western media and some experts, pastoralists have not disappeared. Drought, disease, famines, civil conflicts, theft, and banditry have certainly undermined livelihoods and forced families of Arab, Tuareg, Toubou and Fulani to settle and seek out opportunities that are not compatible with pastoralism, particularly in urban areas. This situation is not necessarily permanent and varies case-by-case and more significantly generation-to-generation. Some ex-pastoralists abandoned hopes of restocking their flocks but plan for some of their children to b

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Preis, Ingred S., Juliana F. V. Braga, Rodrigo M. Couto, Bruno S. A. F. Brasil, Nelson R. S. Martins, and Roselene Ecco. "Outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis in large multi-age egg layer chicken flocks in Minas Gerais, Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, no. 5 (2013): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013000500007.

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A recent (November 2010) outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in a multi-age laying hen facility in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, is described. Previous ILT outbreak in laying hens was only notified in São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2002. In the outbreak described here, the affected population was approximately eight million hens, with flock sizes ranging from 100,000 to 2,900,000 chickens. The average mortality ranged from 1 to 6%, and morbidity was around 90% (most of the twenty seven farms of the area were positive for ILT virus). Three multi-age laying farms from one company were sele

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Erlangga, Erlangga, Cut Nuraini, and Salamah Salamah. "PENGARUH SUMBER KARBON YANG BERBEDA UNTUK PEMBENTUKAN FLOK DAN EFEKNYA PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN UDANG VANAME, Litopenaeus vannamei." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 16, no. 2 (2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.16.2.2021.107-115.

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Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan spesies udang introduksi yang sudah banyak dibudidayakan di tambak di Indonesia. Permasalahan pada budidaya udang vaname di tambak dengan padat tebar tinggi dan penggunaan pakan protein tinggi adalah tingginya akumulasi residu/limbah budidaya. Salah satu cara memanfaatkan limbah budidaya yaitu sistem heterotrof dengan menggunakan teknologi bioflok dengan memanipulasi rasio perbandingan karbon nitrogen (C/N ratio) di dalam media budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pembentukan flok pada pemeliharaan udang vaname dengan pemberian sum

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Tel, Osman, Özkan Aslantaş, Oktay Keskin, Ebru Yilmaz, and Cemil Demir. "Investigation of the antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from gangrenous mastitis of ewes." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 60, no. 2 (2012): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2012.016.

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In this study,Staphylococcus aureusstrains (n = 110) isolated from seven ewe flocks in Sanliurfa, Turkey were screened for antibiotic resistance and biofilmforming ability as well as for genes associated with antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability. All isolates were found to be susceptible to oxacillin, gentamicin, clindamycin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, vancomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The percent proportions of strains resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin and erythromycin were 27.2% (n = 30), 25.4% (n = 28) and 6.3% (n = 7),

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Wang, Jialiang, Hai Zhao, Yuanguo Bi, et al. "An Improved Fast Flocking Algorithm with Obstacle Avoidance for Multiagent Dynamic Systems." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/659805.

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Flocking behavior is a common phenomenon in nature, such as flocks of birds and groups of fish. In order to make the agents effectively avoid obstacles and fast form flocking towards the direction of destination point, this paper proposes a fast multiagent obstacle avoidance (FMOA) algorithm. FMOA is illustrated based on the status of whether the flocking has formed. If flocking has not formed, agents should avoid the obstacles toward the direction of target. If otherwise, these agents have reached the state of lattice and then these agents only need to avoid the obstacles and ignore the direc

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Balnave, D. "Influence of saline drinking water on eggshell quality and formation." World's Poultry Science Journal 49, no. 2 (1993): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/wps19930009.

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Many studies have shown that saline drinking water supplied to mature laying hens at concentrations similar to those found in underground bore water has an adverse effect on eggshell quality and on the incidence of eggshell defects. This response can be observed in the absence of any adverse effects on production parameters such as food intake, egg production and egg weight. Strain differences appear to exist, and even within a strain there is considerable variation in the responses of individual hens to saline drinking water. The sensitivity of the hen also increases with age with a greater o

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Pate, Mateja, Jasna Mičunovič, Majda Golob, Lene Karine Vestby, and Matjaž Ocepek. "Salmonella Infantis in Broiler Flocks in Slovenia: The Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Strains with High Genetic Homogeneity and Low Biofilm-Forming Ability." BioMed Research International 2019 (February 7, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4981463.

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For almost a decade, the number of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Infantis-positive broiler flocks has been steadily increasing in Slovenia, doubling the number of positive holdings in only a few years. Since multidrug resistant S. Infantis isolates are highly prevalent in the broiler meat industry and may represent a public health concern through the food chain, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility, genetic diversity, and biofilm-forming ability of S. Infantis from Slovenian broiler flocks. A total of 87 S. Infantis strains isolated from broiler faeces in

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Denk, Jonas, and Erwin Frey. "Pattern-induced local symmetry breaking in active-matter systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (2020): 31623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010302117.

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The emergence of macroscopic order and patterns is a central paradigm in systems of (self-)propelled agents and a key component in the structuring of many biological systems. The relationships between the ordering process and the underlying microscopic interactions have been extensively explored both experimentally and theoretically. While emerging patterns often show one specific symmetry (e.g., nematic lane patterns or polarized traveling flocks), depending on the symmetry of the alignment interactions patterns with different symmetries can apparently coexist. Indeed, recent experiments with

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Fu, Ying, Xin Yu Zhang, Nan Shil, and Ji Chao Zhang. "Floc’s Formation and Settlement of Organic Poly-Silicic-Ferric Coagulant." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1596.

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A new coagulant, organic poly-silicic-ferric (OPSF) was prepared by adding dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) in poly-silicic-ferric (PSF) coagulant. The process of floc’s formation and settlement during the coagulation process was investigated, in comparison with that of PSF. The results show that OPSF gave higher speed of floc formation and precipitate than PSF, and large flocs of OPSF were formed faster than PSF. The floc density of OPSF was greater than that of PSF, thus leading to much less amount of OPSF flocs in the supernatant than that of PSF after basically full settlement.

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Porter, Cody K., and Craig W. Benkman. "Character displacement of a learned behaviour and its implications for ecological speciation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1908 (2019): 20190761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0761.

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Cultural evolution may accelerate population divergence and speciation, though most support for this hypothesis is restricted to scenarios of allopatric speciation driven by random cultural drift. By contrast, the role of cultural evolution in non-allopatric speciation (i.e. speciation with gene flow) has received much less attention. One clade in which cultural evolution may have figured prominently in speciation with gene flow includes the conifer-seed-eating finches in the red crossbill ( Loxia curvirostra ) complex. Here we focus on Cassia crossbills ( Loxia sinesciuris ; an ecotype recent

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Veerman, J. J. P., G. Lafferriere, J. S. Caughman, and A. Williams. "Flocks and Formations." Journal of Statistical Physics 121, no. 5-6 (2005): 901–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-005-6999-9.

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Oommen, Meera Anna, and Kartik Shanker. "Shrewd alliances: mixed foraging associations between treeshrews, greater racket-tailed drongos and sparrowhawks on Great Nicobar Island, India." Biology Letters 6, no. 3 (2009): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0945.

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Mixed-species foraging associations may form to enhance feeding success or to avoid predators. We report the costs and consequences of an unusual foraging association between an endemic foliage gleaning tupaid (Nicobar treeshrew Tupaia nicobarica ) and two species of birds; one an insectivorous commensal (greater racket-tailed drongo Dicrurus paradiseus ) and the other a diurnal raptor and potential predator ( Accipiter sp.). In an alliance driven, and perhaps engineered, by drongos, these species formed cohesive groups with predictable relationships. Treeshrew breeding pairs were found more f

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Revelles, Jordi. "The Role of Palynology in Archaeoecological Research: Reconstructing Human-Environment Interactions during Neolithic in the Western Mediterranean." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 4073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094073.

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This paper provides an overview of the potential of palynology within palaeoenvironmental research to reconstruct past landscapes and assess the relationship between vegetation and the first farming communities. The analysis of pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs in natural records evidenced how the adoption of farming and new sedentary settlement patterns resulted in major landscape transformation on extra-local or regional scales in the Western Mediterranean, affecting sclerophyllous and riparian forests in North Corsica, Mediterranean maquis in South Corsica, and oak forests in NE Iberia. In

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Glávits, G. Sályi, and R. Glávits. "INFECTIOUS STUNTING SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH DISTURBANCES OF MINERAL METABOLISM AND BONE DEVELOPMENT IN BROILER CHICKENS." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47, no. 3 (1999): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.47.1999.3.10.

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On a broiler farm with a rearing capacity of about 200,000 chickens, a disease characterised by growth retardation, variability in chick size, 'leg weakness', diarrhoea and increased mortality at 3 weeks of age occurred repeatedly, in several successive broiler flocks. Gross and histopathological findings were dominated by widening of the hypertrophic and ossification layers of the physes of long bones as well as by thickening, unevenness and defective calcification of the cartilage trabeculae. In the parathyroid gland, vacuolar degeneration of the cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells, conn

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Hossain, Md Manik, Md Shahadat Hossain, Md Tareq Mussa, SM Harunur Rashid, and Md Nazrul Islam. "Pathological conditions of avian coccidiosis in the small scale commercial broiler farms in Dinajpur district." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 3, no. 3 (2016): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v3i3.30734.

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The study was designed to investigate the pathological conditions of avian coccidiosis in the small scale commercial broiler farms at different region in Dinajpur district during July, 2012 to December, 2012. A thorough clinical and necropsy examination was done and the characteristics clinical signs and gross lesions were recorded. Different organs mainly caecum and other parts of intestine were collected, preserved and processed for histopathological examination. Intestinal content was also examined for detection of oocyst. Total 234 diseased and dead birds (from 50 farms) were examined out

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Thøfner, Ida C. N., Jan Dahl, and Jens Peter Christensen. "Keel bone fractures in Danish laying hens: Prevalence and risk factors." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256105.

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Keel bone fractures (KBF) in commercial poultry production systems are a major welfare problem with possible economic consequences for the poultry industry. Recent investigations suggest that the overall situation may be worsening. Depending on the housing system, fracture prevalences exceeding 80% have been reported from different countries. No specific causes have yet been identified and this has consequently hampered risk factor identification. The objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of KBF in Danish layer hens and to identify risk factors in relation to KBF in

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CARRILLO, J. A., Y. HUANG, and S. MARTIN. "Explicit flock solutions for Quasi-Morse potentials." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 25, no. 5 (2014): 553–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792514000126.

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We consider interacting particle systems and their mean-field limits, which are frequently used to model collective aggregation and are known to demonstrate a rich variety of pattern formations. The interaction is based on a pairwise potential combining short-range repulsion and long-range attraction. We study particular solutions, which are referred to as flocks in the second-order models, for the specific choice of the Quasi-Morse interaction potential. Our main result is a rigorous analysis of continuous, compactly supported flock profiles for the biologically relevant parameter regime. Exi

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Lin, Qintie, Huanlong Peng, Qinlu Lin, and Guangcai Yin. "Formation, breakage and re-formation of flocs formed by cationic starch." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 6 (2013): 1352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.377.

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The efficiency of flocculation can be significantly improved through floc breakage and re-formation under appropriate conditions. To obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved and to relate floc properties to separation efficiency, the effects of mixing conditions on the formation, breakage and re-formation of flocs formed by kaolin and cationic starch were investigated through conventional jar test procedure and continuous optical monitoring. It has been found that the breakage of flocs was fully reversible and the polymer flocculant could resist strong shear; even having been s

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Nathan, Andre, and Valmir C. Barbosa. "V-like Formations in Flocks of Artificial Birds." Artificial Life 14, no. 2 (2008): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.2008.14.2.179.

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We consider flocks of artificial birds and study the emergence of V-like formations during flight. We introduce a small set of fully distributed positioning rules to guide the birds' movements and demonstrate, by means of simulations, that they tend to lead to stabilization into several of the well-known V-like formations that have been observed in nature. We also provide quantitative indicators that we believe are closely related to achieving V-like formations, and study their behavior over a large set of independent simulations.

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Rozumnaya, Lyubov Anatolyevna, Galina Iozepovna Pronina, Alexander Borisovich Petrushin, and Elena Ivanovna Shishanova. "Theoretical and practical aspects of domestication of common catfish (Silurus glanis, L.)." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2101-04.

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The article discusses some aspects of the domestication of common catfish (Silurus glanis) in the conditions of cyprinid fish farms. Under the pressure of selection and directed cultivation in pond conditions of carp fish farms, changes in ethological, morphological, and physiological indicators are observed. The variability of the majority of morphological indicators and development indices (8–14%) indicates a high degree of consolidation of the resulting breeding offspring and indicates the completion of the first stage of domestication in the conditions of fish-breeding carp farms. Physiolo

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Yukselen, M. A., J. Gregory, and E. Soyer. "Formation and breakage of flocs using dual polymers." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 7 (2006): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.226.

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The effect of shear on the formation and break-up of flocs generated using cationic, anionic and non-ionic polymers, and dual combinations of these, has been investigated using conventional jar test procedure and by continuous optical monitoring. The breakage of flocs was followed at a high stirring speed, corresponding to average shear rate (G) of approximately 520 s−1. Most of the breakage occurred within a few seconds of increasing the shear rate. After each breakage, the stirring rate was reduced to the original value of 50 rpm (G≈23 s−1) to allow the flocs to regrow. For cationic–anionic

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Rehbinder, C., M. Nordkvist, J. W. Moreno, and Islam-ud-din Siddiqui. "A suspected virus infection of the oral mucosa in Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L)." Rangifer 5, no. 2 (1985): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.5.2.544.

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<p>During the winter 1980 reindeer herds in the Tornedalen area, along the Finnish border, were hit by grazing difficulties. Thus minor parts of the reindeer her*ds in this area were given supplementary feed in pens. Some of the supplementary fed animals were taken ill and some deaths occurred. According to the owners sick animals showed loss of appetite and signs of fever. A total of 8 carcasses were necropsied at The National Veterinary Institute. In 5 of these cases oral lesions were observed. The histological investigation of the oral mucosa revealed intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

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