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Deutsch, Mathias. "Untersuchungen zu Hochwasserschutzmassnahmen an der Unstrut (1500-1900)." Göttingen : Goltze, 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/175651941.html.
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West, Tracy L. "Flood mitigation and response comparing the Great Midwest Floods of 1993 and 2008." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4962.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Floods are the nation's greatest natural disaster. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, floods cause an average of $6 billion of property damage, claim 140 lives, and prompt more Presidential disaster declarations per year than any other hazard. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the lead for federal response to natural disasters. FEMA was the lead agency in 1993 when floods caused an estimated $1 8 billion in damage in the Midwest. The scope and damages of this historic disaster led FEMA to change its approach to floodplain management, flood protection, flood mitigation, disaster response, and recovery. FEMA and federal emergency response further evolved following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The latest changes resulted in a national response framework for all levels of government to prepare and respond to all natural and manmade hazards. In 2008, the Midwest experienced its second "500-year flood" in fifteen years. This thesis examines whether changes to national disaster response and investments in flood mitigation over the last fifteen years have improved preparation, protection, and response capabilities at the federal, state, and local levels.
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Woodhead, Simon Peter Barratt. "Bayesian calibration of flood inundation simulators using an observation of flood extent." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/51577ea9-580e-4497-9840-fd5ae3ca15e0.
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We develop a Bayesian framework for calibrating flood inundation simulators on an observation of flood extent, and making calibrated predictions of a future event. We illustrate the framework using the binary channel (BC) model for the likelihood of the observed flood extent given a simulation of flood extent. The BC model leads to poor results, and this motivates the search for a more appropriate likelihood model, which forms the basis for the rest of the thesis. We extend the Ising model to regression on a binary image and review methods for dealing with the intractable normalising constant. We propose novel applications of path sampling, extend path sampling to sampling over areas, and develop approximations to path sampling. We also develop the heterogeneous binary channel (HBC) model to test the effect of heterogeneity and spatial dependence. We extend the hidden conditional autoregressive (HCAR) model to regression on a binary image. We show that the limit of the HCAR model as the parameters approach the boundary is the (improper) hidden intrinsic autoregressive (HIAR) model. We prove that the HIAR model can be used for calibration but not calibrated prediction. We develop a number of methods for improving mixing of the MCMC algorithm. We explore two extensions of the HCAR model. First the heterogeneous HCAR (HHCAR) model, which represents heterogeneity, and second the continuous HCAR (CHCAR) model, which uses continuous simulation values. In conclusion, using our Bayesian framework we can replicate the results of less rigorous approaches, for example generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE), and make probabilistic predictions which are not possible in these less rigorous approaches. Future work would further develop the likelihood models.
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Savard, Katherine J. "Disaster Capitalism: Impact on the Great Flood of 1993." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1256.
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This thesis attempts to analyze the impact of disaster capitalism on the areas affected by the Great Flood of 1993. Using Naomi Klein’s book, the Shock Doctrine, I selected three variables that can be indicators of disaster capitalism. Unemployment rates, new private housing units authorized by permit, and employment in the mining, logging, and construction industry are used. I use a comparison of means test and a difference-in- differences estimate to find if the variables were changed as a result of the flood. Unemployment rates seemed to be affected by the crisis and strongly support Klein’s theories of disaster capitalism.
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Hubbard, Shane A. "Modeling geospatial events during flood disasters for response decision-making." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1973.
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A model that emphasizes possible alternative sequences of events that occur over time is presented in paper 1 (chapter 2) of this dissertation. Representing alternative or branching events captures additional semantics unrealized by linear or non-branching approaches. Two basic elements of branching, divergence and convergence are discussed. From these elements, many complex branching models can be built capturing a perspective of events that take place in the future or have occurred in the past. This produces likely sequences of events that a user may compare and analyze using spatial or temporal criteria. The branching events model is especially useful for spatiotemporal decision support systems, as decision-makers are able to identify alternative locations and times of events and, depending on the context, also identify regions of multiple possible events. Based on the formal model, a conceptual framework for a branching events model for flood disasters is presented. The framework has five parts, an event handler, a query engine, data assimilator, web interface, and event database. A branching events viewer application is presented illustrating a case study based on a flood response scenario.
A spatiotemporal framework for building evacuation events is developed to forecast building content evacuation events and building vulnerabilities and is presented in paper 2 (chapter 3) of this dissertation. This work investigates the spatiotemporal properties required to trigger building evacuation events in the floodplain during a flood disaster. The spatial properties for building risks are based on topography, flood inundation, building location, building elevation, and road access to determine five categories of vulnerability, vulnerable basement, flooded basement, vulnerable first-floor, flooded first-floor, and road access. The amount of time needed to evacuate each building is determined by the number of vulnerable floors, the number of movers, the mover rate, and the weight of the contents to be moved. Based upon these properties, six possible evacuation profiles are created. Using this framework, a model designed to track the spatiotemporal patterns of building evacuation events is presented. The model is based upon flood forecast predictions that are linked with building properties to create a model that captures the spatiotemporal ordering of building vulnerabilities and building content evacuation events. Applicable to different communities at risk from flooding, the evacuation model is applied a historical flood for a university campus, demonstrating how the defined elements are used to derive a pattern of vulnerability and evacuation for a campus threatened by severe flooding.
Paper 3 (Chapter 4) of this dissertation presents a modeling approach for representing event-based response risk. Surveys were sent to emergency managers in six states to determine the priorities of decision makers during the response phase of flood disasters. Based on these surveys, nine response events were determined to be the most important during a flood response, flooded roads, bridges closed, residential evacuations, residential flooding, commercial flooding, agricultural damage, power outage, sheltering, sandbagging. Survey participants were asked to complete pairwise comparisons of these nine events. An analytic hierarchy process analysis was completed to weight the response events for each decision-maker. A k-means clustering analysis was then completed to form 4 distinct profiles, mixed rural and urban, rural, urban, and high population - low population density. The average weights from each profile were calculated. The weights for each profile were then assigned to geospatial layers that identify the locations of these events. These layers are combined to form a map representing the event-based response risk for an area. The maps are then compared against the response events that actually occurred during a flood disaster in June 2008 in two communities.
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Baird, Laura. "Flood forecasting in ungauged catchments." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/b07e966f-e5c8-440e-b29c-f8f6324074b7.
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Gallacher, Joseph James. "Community relocation in Illinois after the great flood of 1993." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417590.
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Rhodes, Gwendolyn Bernitha. "Floods, hurricanes and climate influences on the Potomac River Basin /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9192.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Geology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Cerda-Villafana, Gustavo. "Artificial intelligence techniques in flood forecasting." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/09d0faea-8622-4609-a33c-e4baefa304f5.
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The need for reliable, easy to set up and operate, hydrological forecasting systems is an appealing challenge to researchers working in the area of flood risk management. Currently, advancements in computing technology have provided water engineering with powerful tools in modelling hydrological processes, among them, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and genetic algorithms (GA). These have been applied in many case studies with different level of success. Despite the large amount of work published in this field so far, it is still a challenge to use ANN models reliably in a real-time operational situation. This thesis is set to explore new ways in improving the accuracy and reliability of ANN in hydrological modelling. The study is divided into four areas: signal preprocessing, integrated GA, schematic application of weather radar data, and multiple input in flow routing. In signal preprocessing, digital filters were adopted to process the raw rainfall data before they are fed into ANN models. This novel technique demonstrated that significant improvement in modelling could be achieved. A GA, besides finding the best parameters of the ANN architecture, defined the moving average values for previous rainfall and flow data used as one of the inputs to the model. A distributed scheme was implemented to construct the model exploiting radar rainfall data. The results from weather radar rainfall were not as good as the results from raingauge estimations which were used for comparison. Multiple input has been carried out modelling a river junction with excellent results and an extraction pump with results not so promising. Two conceptual models for flow routing modelling and a transfer function model for rainfall-runoff modelling have been used to compare the ANN model's performance, which was close to the estimations generated by the conceptual models and better than the transfer function model. The flood forecasting system implemented in East Anglia by the Environment Agency, and the NERC HYREX project have been the main data sources to test the model.
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Germano, Nancy M. "A View of the Valley: The 1913 Flood in West Indianapolis." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1844.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.<br>Title from screen (viewed on August 27, 2009). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Philip V. Scarpino. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-173).
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Dawson, Richard Jonathan. "Performance-based management of flood defence systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/25b216eb-2068-47f2-b689-f3e0091f85fb.
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Kozyniak, Kathleen. "Integrated mesoscale-hydrometeorological modelling for flood forecasting." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f54ba862-fc88-4ae1-9f6a-fe955dc5e581.
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In an effort to improve upon rainfall forecasts produced by simple storm advection methods (nowcasts) and to broach the gap between them and the forecasts of complex Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, in terms of the spatial detail and length of lead-time each provides, the research presented explores the possibility of combining elements of each into a physically-based algorithm for rainfall forecasting. It is an algorithm that uses as its foundation the rainfall prediction model of Mark French and Witold Krajewski, developed in 1994. Their model was designed to take advantage of the high resolution rainfall observations and tracking abilities provided by weather radar and to achieve a rainfall forecast by augmenting extrapolation techniques with a representation of storm dynamics in the form of "rising parcel" theory. The new algorithm/model retains those features but incorporates NWP data to assist with forecasting, using it as a means to enable an informed choice of algorithm pathways and, more specifically, to identify the ingredients of precipitation, namely ascending air of high moisture content. A case study application of the new rainfall forecasting model to storms in Northern England shows its performance, at a lead-time of one hour, compares favourably with respect to extrapolation and persistence techniques and also NWP forecasts, and that it is able to provide more assured forecasts than persistence and nowcasts at longer lead-times. The robustness of the model is tested and confirmed by way of another case study, this time using Mediterranean storms and with predictions made in the context of urban hydrology. The case studies help to identify aspects of the model that need improvement, with representation of orographic forcing being a key one. Both the model's encouraging performance and its pinpointed weaknesses provide impetus for further research in the area of integrated mesoscale-hydrometeorological modelling for flood forecasting.
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Marks, Kathryn Jean. "Enhanced flood hydraulic modelling using topographic remote sensing." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/e9866673-d6aa-49b5-964c-ed984940801c.
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Betz, Martha Wheaton. "Orbital floor regeneration using cyclic acetal hydrogels through enhanced osteogenic signaling of mesenchymal stem cells." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9302.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.<br>Thesis research directed by: Fischell Dept. of Bioengineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Kingston, Kevin Michael. "An evaluation of floor response spectra for acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components supported on regular frame structures." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1470.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Simmons, Sarah. "The development of schooling in Floyd County, Virginia 1831-1900." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53659.
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This dissertation addresses the cultural, economic, and geographic factors that politically affected the development of schooling in Floyd County, located in southwest Virginia, from its formation in 1831 to the beginning of the twentieth century. Floyd County was formed in 1831 during Virginia's quasi-system of education. This quasi-system was created due to the "peopling" of early Virginia. Colonial Virginia provided educational opportunities for the rich and poor. The General Assembly, which was dominated by the planter-aristocrats, opposed state education. These aristocrats saw no reason to tax themselves for educational opportunities they would not patronize. As settlers of Swiss, German, and Scotch-Irish descent migrated into the backcountry of Virginia, they brought with them a desire for universal education. The conflicts between the eastern and western portion of the state resulted in the Literary Fund Act of 1818 which provided funds to educate Virginia's poor. The wealthy continued to educate their own with the middle class left to their own devices. This quasi-system of education lasted until the Civil War. At the end of the war, conservatives, still in control of the General Assembly, were forced to accept state supported education due to the Underwood Constitutional mandate. Separate schools for blacks and whites were begun under the state plan in 1870. By July 1876, Floyd County had 52 schools in operation; but this expansion faced ruin when the General Assembly used funds to pay off the state's debt. The debt issue split Virginians into two political camps, Funders and Readjusters. It was not until the Readjuster victory in the early 1880's that Virginia's state system began to stabilize.
Political decisions continued to affect education in the late nineteenth century. District boards hired teachers and located schools for political and social reasons which were often tied to community loyalties. Superintendents licensed and examined teachers based on their own standards. The General Assembly denied teachers the right to meet during school terms. No public money could be used to finance their meetings. What education teachers did receive was financed by local efforts and Peabody funds. By the 1890's, over 4000 teachers in Virginia had not attended State Summer Normals. Floyd County had a higher percentage of teachers attending Normals due to its third superintendent bringing a Normal to Jacksonville in 1889.
By 1900, schooling in Floyd County had survived its first 30 years, but with only partial success. Political entanglements, dating back over two centuries, had affected public education at the state and local level with the results that by the beginning of the twentieth century, half of the school age population in Virginia had never attended school.<br>Ed. D.
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Knight, Genevieve. "Waters of Change: The Great Miami River Flood of 1913 and Its Policy Consequences." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1110976817.
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Hunter, Neil Martin. "Development and assessment of dynamic storage cell codes for flood inundation modelling." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c8858588-ee07-4810-aacc-4f1d74d7643a.
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Since 1962 storage cell codes have been developed to simulate flow on fluvial and coastal floodplains. These models treat the floodplain as a series of discrete storage cells, with the flow between cells calculated explicitly using some analytical flow formulae such as the Manning equation. Recently these codes have been reconfigured to use regular Cartesian grids to make full use of widely available high resolution data captured from remote sensing platforms and stored in a raster GIS format. Such raster-based storage cell codes have many of the advantages over full two-dimensional depth averaged schemes but without the computational cost, however their typical implementation results in a number of fundamental limitations. These include an inability to develop solutions that are independent of time step or grid size, and an unrealistic lack of sensitivity to floodplain friction. In this thesis, a new solution to these problems is proposed based on an optimal adaptive time step determined using a Courant-type condition for model stability. Comparison of this new adaptive time step scheme to analytical solutions of wave propagation/recession on flat and sloping planar surfaces and against field measurements acquired for four real flood scenarios demonstrates considerable improvement over a standard raster storage cell model. Moreover, the new scheme is shown to yield results that are independent of grid size or choice of initial time step and which show an intuitively correct sensitivity to floodplain friction over spatially-complex topography. It does, however, incur a prohibitive computation cost at model grid resolutions less than 50 m. This primary research is supplemented by an examination of the data and methods used to apply, and in particular calibrate, distributed flood inundation models in practice. Firstly, different objective functions for evaluating the overall similarity between binary predictions of flood extent and remotely sensed images of inundation patterns are examined. On the basis of the results presented, recommendations are provided regarding the use of various measures for hydrological problems. Secondly, the value of different observational data types typically available for calibrating/constraining model predictions is explored within an extended Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) framework. A quasi-Bayesian methodology for combining these individual evaluations that overcomes the limitations of calibration against any single measurement source/item is also presented.
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Liu, Jia. "Rainfall-runoff modelling and numerical weather prediction for real-time flood forecasting." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/87375e5e-4186-4707-b7c6-465617dc1ac1.
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This thesis focuses on integrating rainfall-runoff modelling with a mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model to make real-time flood forecasts at the catchment scale. Studies carried out are based on catchments in Southwest England with a main focus on the Brue catchment of an area of 135 km2 and covered by a dense network of 49 rain gauges and a C-band weather radar. The studies are composed of three main parts: Firstly, two data mining issues are investigated to enable a better calibrated rainfall-runoff model for flood forecasting. The Probability Distributed Model (PDM) is chosen which is widely used in the UK. One of the issues is the selection of appropriate data for model calibration regarding the data length and duration. It is found that the information quality of the calibration data is more important than the data length in determining the model performance after calibration. An index named the Information Cost Function (ICF) developed on the discrete wavelet decomposition is found to be efficient in identifying the most appropriate calibration data scenario. Another issue is for the impact of the temporal resolution of the model input data when using the rainfall-runoff model for real-time forecasting. Through case studies and spectral analyses, the optimal choice of the data time interval is found to have a positive relation with the forecast lead time, i.e., the longer is the lead time, the larger should the time interval be. This positive relation is also found to be more obvious in the catchment with a longer concentration time. A hypothetical curve is finally concluded to describe the general impact of data time interval in real-time forecasting. The development of the NWP model together with the weather radar allows rainfall forecasts to be made in high resolutions of time and space. In the second part of studies, numerical experiments for improving the NWP rainfall forecasts are carried out based on the newest generation mesoscale NWP model, the Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF) model. The sensitivity of the WRF performance is firstly investigated for different domain configurations and various storm types regarding the evenness of rainfall distribution in time and space. Meanwhile a two-dimensional verification scheme is developed to quantitatively evaluate the WRF performance in the temporal and spatial dimensions. Following that the WRF model is run in the cycling mode in tandem with the three-dimensional variational assimilation technique for continuous assimilation of the radar reflectivity and traditional surface/ upperair observations. The WRF model has shown its best performance in producing both rainfall simulations and improved rainfall forecasts through data assimilation for the storm events with two dimensional evenness of rainfall distribution; while for highly convective storms with rainfall concentrated in a small area and a short time period, the results are not ideal and much work remains to be done in the future. Finally, the rainfall-runoff model PDM and the rainfall forecasting results from WRF are integrated together with a real-time updating scheme, the Auto-Regressive and Moving Average (ARMA) model to constitute a flood forecasting system. The system is tested to be reliable in the small catchment such as Brue and the use of the NWP rainfall products has shown its advantages for long lead-time forecasting beyond the catchment concentration time. Keywords: rainfall-runoff modelling, numerical weather prediction, flood forecasting, real-time updating, spectral analysis, data assimilation, weather radar.
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Rader, Craig M. "The Waters of March: Environmental, Social, and Commercial Reactions to the Mahoning Valley Flood of 1913." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1402499017.
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Xuan, Yunqing. "Uncertainty propagation in complex coupled flood risk models using numerical weather prediction and weather radars." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c76c4eb0-9c9e-4ddc-866c-9bbdbfa4ec25.
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The role of flood forecasting is becoming increasingly important as the concept of risk-based approach is accepted in flood risk management. The risk-based approach not only requires efficient and abundant information for decision making in a risk framework. but needs the uncertainty appropriately accounted for and expressed. The rapid development in numerical weather prediction and weather radar technology make it feasible to provide precipitation predictions and observations for flood warning and forecasting that benefit from the extended lead-time. Although the uncertainty issues related to standalone models have been addressed. little attention has been focused on the complex behaviour of coupled modelling systems when the uncertainty-bearing information propagates through the model cascade. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the issue of uncertainty propagation in this complex coupled modelling environment. A prototype system that integrates the high reso- lution numerical weather prediction. weather radar. and distributed hydrological models. was developed to facilitate the study. The uncertainty propagation and interactions were then analysed covering the uncertainty associated with the data. model structures, chaotic dynamics and coupling processes. The ensemble method was concluded to be the choice for the coupled system to produce forecasts able to account for the uncertainty cascaded from the precipitation prediction to the hydrological and hydraulic models. Finally. recommendations are made in relation to the exploration of complex coupled systems for uncertainty propagation in flood risk management.
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Hwu, Wenje 1964, and Wenje 1964 Hwu. "Large-scale characteristics of the 1993 United States midwestern great flood and its simulation by the MM5 mesoscale model." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288874.
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The record-breaking flood of 1993 provides an excellent opportunity to address many issues to the interest of GCIP-Mississippi: the large-scale characteristics of the hydrometeorology, the predictability of ECMWF model, and the sensitivity of mesoscale simulation. The effects of meridional and zonal vapor transport on precipitation production have been examined in the observation as well as in the ECMWF/TOGA and ERA data. Components of atmospheric and terrestrial water balance were compared. Cloud water change/flux activity, convection feature, diurnal variation, and land-atmospheric interaction were investigated, and intercompared among the three data sets. The intercomparison has demonstrated partial improvement from TOGA to ERA. It also indicates possible internal inconsistencies in the ERA, the ability and inability of simulating large-scale or mean fields and fine-scale extremes. It reveals the impacts of the new soil hydrology and boundary layer schemes in ERA in warmer and winter times, and the possible influence on surface hydrology. A 9.5-day (28 June to 7 July 1993) simulation study by the Penn State/NCAR MM5 mesoscale model, with the help of enhanced IR images from GOES satellite data was carried out. The sensitivity of MCS simulations to different cumulus parameterization schemes and explicit moisture schemes was investigated. The model is considerably skillful in the environmental steering wind direction, but greatly limited in the orthogonal direction. The model could not reproduce the "last-hour" rain--an extraordinary MCC, indicating that the model lacks representation of the mechanisms responsible for modifying the environmental controls on the evolution of long-lived MCSs, particularly after the system reaches its maximum extent.
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Af, Klintberg Albin, and Jonny Åkehag. "Träbjälklag med tung fyllning : Bjälklag framtaget med inspiration av byggteknik från sekelskiftet 1800–1900." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213958.
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Denna rapport utreder möjligheterna att använda restprodukter som ljudisolering i lägenhetsskiljande mellanbjälklag av trä med spännvidd 6 m. Ett steg mot att uppfylla Sveriges byggindustris nollvision för koldioxidutsläpp är att bygga mer i trä och att återanvända/återvinna restprodukter. Det svenska entreprenadföretaget Skanska har vid sina krossanläggningar ett överskott av material i form av bergkross 0 - 0,2 mm och krossad restbetong. I denna rapport har en prototyp av ett träbjälklag tagits fram med influenser från byggtekniken från sekelskiftet 1800–1900 med avseende på nyttjandet av tung fyllningsmassa som ljudisolering i träbjälklag. Den framtagna bjälklagsprototypen uppfyller de krav som ställts i BBR efter dimensionering enligt Eurokoderna med hänsyn till brand, hållfasthet, svikt och nedböjning. Enligt en simulering i SEAWood, ett verktyg för akustiksimulering som är under utveckling vid RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, uppfylls även kraven på ljudisolering, detta stöds av de analyser som gjorts av mätresultat från liknande bjälklag. Fyllningsmaterialets höga vikt medför att prototypen är ett lågfrekvent bjälklag, detta kombinerat med att simuleringen endast är en indikation på ljudisoleringsegenskaper gör att det kommer krävas praktiska tester för att fastställa prototypens ljudisolerande och dynamiska egenskaper. Den framtagna bjälklagsprototypen är lämplig att prefabricera tack vare en konstruktion med få ingående delar. Att prefabricera bjälklaget har utöver de ekonomiska fördelar det medför stora fördelar ur ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv och är även fördelaktigt ur fuktsynpunkt. För att uppskatta bjälklagets miljöpåverkan gjordes en enklare jämförelse med ett prefabricerat betongbjälklag som visade att utsläppen av koldioxidekvivalenter fram till bruksfasen var mer än dubbelt så stor för betongbjälklaget än för prototypbjälklaget.<br>This report investigates the possibilities of using residual products as sound insulation in apartment separating timber floors with a span of 6 m. One step towards meeting the Swedish construction industry's zero vision for carbon dioxide emissions is to build more using timber and to reuse/recycle residual products. The Swedish building contractor Skanska has at its quarries a surplus of material in the form of crushed rock of the 0 - 0.2 mm fraction and crushed residual concrete. In this report, a prototype of a timber floor has been produced with influences of construction technology from the turn of the 19 th century regarding the use of heavy filling as sound insulation in timber floors. The developed floor prototype complies with the requirements set in BBR after dimensioning according the Eurocodes regarding fire safety, strength, sagging and deflection. According to a simulation in SEAWood, a tool for acoustic simulation which is under development at RISE Research Institutes of Sweden the requirements for sound insulation are also met, which is supported by analyzes made by comparing with data on similar timber floors. The high mass of the filling material implies that the prototype is a low frequency floor, this in conjunction with the simulation only being an indication of sound insulation properties, it will require practical tests to determine the prototypes sound insulating and dynamic properties. The developed floor prototype is suitable for prefabrication thanks to a design with few components. Prefabrication of the floor has in addition to the economic benefits it brings great benefits from a working environment perspective and is also beneficial from a moisture point of view. To estimate the environmental impact of the timber flooring, a simple comparison was made with a prefabricated concrete floor which showed that carbon dioxide emissions up to the using phase were more than twice that of the concrete floor than for the prototype floor.
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Stark, John W. "The effect of lateral bracing on the dynamic response of wood floor systems." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01242009-063313/.
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Searle, D. J. "A laboratory and field investigation into the discharge characteristics of an experimental flood alleviation scheme on the River Roding in Essex." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/969015c5-a202-450f-861f-f1f6d736d590.
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An investigation was carried out to determine the stage-discharge characteristics of a meandering compound channel with vegetated floodplains. The fundamental interaction mechanism between a main channel and its floodplain was also investigated. Field and model studies provided the data for this thesis. A stretch of the River Roding in Essex was monitored for the field study and a scale model of a short reach of the river was reproduced in the laboratory. A Froudian model was constructed with vertical and horizontal scales of 16: 1 and 50: 1 respectively. Field date over a two year period were used to match the model to the river. The response of the river to proposed changes was then predicted by varying roughness and shaped parameters within the model. To do this, stage discharge curves were determined for the model and scaled up to prototype conditions. Detailed velocity traverses were carried out across selected sections of the model to determine discharge proportions between floodplain and main channel for different depths of floodplain flow. A computerised data collection facility was developed to assist the model study. Vegetation density and distribution on the floodbanks of compound rivers, such as the River Roding investigated here, can have a significant effect on total discharge capacity. Over 40% increase in maximum discharge capacity was realised in the abovementioned scheme between heavily vegetated and cleared floodplains. Sever meanders of the floodplain boundaries produced large form roughness, resulting in flow separation on sonie bends and a reduction in the effective width of the floodplain. Removal of these, requiring relatively small excavation of the floodbanks, could significantly improve the carrying capacity of the river. The discharge in the main channel was reduced at overbank conditions due to the shear interaction between floodplain flow and main channel flow. Manning roughness coefficients were calculated for particular vegetative conditions of the river. A proposal was made to incorporate a correction factor into calculations of discharge in compound rivers with meandering main channels. The correction factor would be applied to the discharge calculated for an equivalent compound channel without meander. It depended on the degree of meander, or sinuosity, of the main channel, roughness ratio between main channel and floodplain, and depth of flow.
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Coopey, Richard. "Structures of control : the changing role of shop floor supervision in the U.S. automobile industry, 1900-1950." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1988. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3966/.
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The thesis is based on a longitudinal study of the automobile industry in the U.S.A. from its inception around the turn of the century, to the 1950s. Charting the changes in methods of production, organisational structure, demography and skill configurations among the workforce, and institutional and political formations at the workplace, the study focuses upon the meaning of these developments in terms of the control of work and the personnel directly involved in that control - the changing role of foremen in 20th century industry. Using a range of sources including contemporary governmental and industrial surveys, company and trade union records and oral histories, a picture is built up of the way in which methods of production, and the control of that production, are mediated through a series of social, demographic, spatial and ideological factors, in all of which the foreman is a central character. In examining the role of shop floor supervision in shaping workers experience and actual structures of control at the workplace, and showing how the experience of foremen, individually and as a group, in turn are affected by changing patterns of work, the thesis constructs a historical modification to accounts of the labour process which stress a progressive, teleological exodus of control from the shop floor. The study points out for example, that the role of shop-floor supervisor during the inter-war period, largely supposed to have been proscribed and marginalised by technological and bureaucratic developments, remained in fact the focal point of control over hiring, firing, wage levels, production levels and methods of work, in short almost all aspects of the industrial workers' experience of factory life. Having established the boundaries of power and control surrounding the foreman in pre-war mass production, and discussed the meaning of these boundaries in terms of class, ideology and divisions among the workforce, the thesis then examines the origins and effects of unionisation on the role of supervision. Following an account of the restructuring of power and control which comes with the establishment of production workers unions in the industry, the advent of the unionisation of foremen themselves is examined. The Foremen's Association of America (FAA), which saw its genesis and principal area of recruitment in the automobile industry, represented the most serious attempt to organise supervisory workers in the USA this century, and marks a pivotal point in the spread of unionisation, managerial response and state intervention in industrial relations. Building on earlier sections outlining the position of foremen in terms of power and ideology, the thesis proposes a complex, multi-level dynamic behind the formation, growth and decline of the FAA as a corrective to previous accounts which stress the primacy of legislative and institutional explanatory frameworks. Finally the thesis charts the post-war response of management in the industry to the threat of foremen's unionisation, locating ensuing attempts to restructure the role, status and prestige of foremen in terms of the historical impact and progress of competing managerial theory, in particular that of the human relations school.
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Snider, Jeffrey. "The Songs of Sidney Homer, with Three Recitals of Selected Works by Verdi, Handel, Brahms, Poulenc, Ives, Loewe, Fauré, Floyd and Others." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277982/.
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Now all but forgotten, the songs of Sidney Homer (1864-1953) were at one time well-regarded and often performed. Married to the great American contralto Louise Homer, he was in a unique position to have his songs performed by the great artists of the time. Unlike the cloying "parlor songs" of many of his contemporaries, his works consistently demonstrate a respect for both the great poets as well as the European art-song tradition. One of the most cosmopolitan of the American composers of his day, his involvement with Louise's career brought him into contact with many of the great composers and performers of the day including Massenet, Puccini, Humperdinck, Mahler, Toscanini and Caruso. When viewed in their entirety, his songs reveal not only a tremendous variety, but also the maturation of his compositional style.
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Danford, Andrew. "Japanese management techniques and British workers : a study of labour control and conflict on the shop-floor, with special reference to South Wales." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/bd6f89d0-dfc3-428b-aaea-cce83f144c35.
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Bonson, Anita M. J. "A tale of two Susans, the construction of gender identity on the British Columbia frontier." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25021.pdf.
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Jelínková, Karolína. "Analýza povodně na Sázavě v únoru 1909." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397073.
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This Diploma Thesis deal with complex assessment of spring flood in 1909. In the theoretical part there are described types of floods. It focuses on rain-on-snow events together with melting of the snow and ice phenomena on streams. It also describe hydraulic models and especially in detail AquaLog model and its individual parts. The flood in 2006 which is compared to the event in 1909 is also described in more detail. In the historical archive there were found informations about flood in 1909 and because of them we know its area range. Next the flooding waves in Czech Republic were analized. The AquaLog model was used for basin of the river Sazava. Flooding waves were simulated for 9 stations in the whole basin using this model.
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Xiao, Yu. "Local labor market adjustment and economic impacts after a major disaster : evidence from the 1993 Midwest flood /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337966.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4537. Adviser: Edward Feser. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-205) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Gonçalves, Maria da Glória Salgado. "As cheias na bacia hidrográfica do rio Vez durante os Séculos XX e XXI e a sustentabilidade." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/7981.
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Este estudo investiga os registos históricos das cheias na bacia hidrográfica do rio Vez (BHRVez) entre 1900 a 2015. As principais fontes de informação utilizadas foram: os dados dos Censos, do Instituto Nacional de Estatística; os valores diários do caudal médido na estação hidrométrica de Pontilhão de Celeiros e de precipitação da estação udográfica de Casal Soeiro, para o período compreendido entre 1959 e 1990, ambas localizadas na BHRVez; a imprensa periódica regional, especificamente da região de Arcos de Valdevez; cartografia militar do Centro de Informações Geoespaciais do Exército foi usada para georreferenciar "pontos de cheia". O concelho de Arcos de Valdevez ocupa 247,16 km2 de um total de 262,03 km2 da BHRVez, que inclui também os municípios de Paredes de Coura, Ponte de Lima, Ponte da Barca, Monção e Melgaço. Este estudo levou em conta o histórico de cheias no BHRVez. Os registos foram construídos com informações da imprensa periódica regional e validados com os dados de fluxo (Q) e precipitação (P) (método percentual P 90 e P 95). O valor do Q mínimo calculado segundo o método P 90 do mês de maior fluxo (fevereiro), Q = 43,5 m3/s, foi considerado ligeiramente superior ao P 95 de toda a série de valores (40 m3/s). O valor da precipitação, P ≥ 38,6 𝑚𝑚 (maior que P 90), foi considerada como o menor valor para eventos de cheia. Estes valores foram validados contra a imprensa periódica. Foram aplicados 67 questionários correspondentes a 3 % da população de áreas urbanas de oito paróquias. A probabilidade de cheia / ano para a BHRVez foi determinada pela distribuição de Poisson. A mesma distribuição foi aplicada a um dis locais críticos, a Valeta. Desenvolvera-se três modelos para obter indicadores hidrológicos de cheia determinados por regressão linear e validados pelo teste Qui-quadrado: o modelo de alerta de cheia baseado nos dados do limiar de fluxo (Q ≥ 43,5m3/s); o modelo de suscetibilidade física simplificada a cheias, baseado na ordem hierárquica de Strahler (1951) e na ordem de magnitude Shreve (1966); e o modelo de sustentabilidade hidrológica. Verificou-se que as Freguesias/União de Freguesias mais próximas do canal principal do rio Vez foram mais afetadas de acordo com a suscetibilidade às cheias e menos sustentáveis. As Freguesias/União de Freguesias montanhosas mostraram-se mais sustentáveis. Os indicadores de alerta de cheia, suscetibilidade e sustentabilidade, bem como a base de dados de eventos de cheia (eBd), são considerados ferramentas cruciais para a tomada de decisões.<br>The frequency and magnitude of river basin floods are critical to the study of hydrological threats; consequently, it is fundamental for sustainable land use. It is common practice for researchers to use rainfall, runoff, and flood event references gathered from journals to reconstruct local history in a watercourse and river basin. This study investigates the historical records of floods in the River Vez basin (BHRVez) between 1900 and 2015. The main sources of information were: data from the Census of the National Statistics Institute; the daily values of the flow measured at the Celeiros Pontilhão hydrometric station, and the precipitation of the Casal Soeiro rain station for the period from 1959 to 1990, both located at BHRVez; the regional periodic press, specifically the journals from the region of Arcos de Valdevez; cartography from the Army Geospatial Information Center for geo-referencing "flood points". The municipality of Arcos de Valdevez occupies 247,16 km2 of a total of 262,03 km2 of BHRVez (the remaining area belongs to municipalities of Paredes de Coura, Ponte de Lima, Ponte da Barca, Monção and Melgago). This study took in account the flood history in the BHRVez. The records were built with information from the regional periodical press and they were validated against the flow (Q) and precipitation (P) data (percentile method P 90 and P 95). The value of the minimum Q calculated according to the P 90 method of the month of greatest flow (February), Q = 43,5 m3/s, was considered to be slightly higher than the P 95 of the whole series of values (40 m3 /s). Precipitation 𝑃 ≥ 38,6 𝑚𝑚 (higher than P 90) was considered as the lowest precipitation value for flooding events. These values were validated against the periodic press. It was applied 67 questionnaires corresponding to 3 % of the population of urban areas of eight parishes. The probability of floods/year for the BHRVez was determined by the Poisson distribution. The same distribution was applied for the urban area of Valeta, the most basin flooded area. Three models were developed to obtain hydrological flooding indicators determined by linear regression and valued by the Chi-square: the flood alert model based on the flow threshold data (Q ≥ 43,5 m3/s); the model of simplified flood physical susceptibility based on the hierarchical order of Strahler (1951) and the order of magnitude Shreve (1966); the model for determining the danger to floods; and the model of hydrological sustainability. It was found that parishes closer to the main channel of the Vez River were more affected according to the simplified susceptibility to floods and less sustainable. The mountain parishes showed the highest value. Flood alert, susceptibility, hazard and sustainability indicators, as well as the flood event database (eBd) are seen as crucial tools for decision-making.