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vincent, renee. "Weathering the Storm: Black Maternal Mortality, Resistance, and Power in Richard Wright’s “Down by The Riverside,” Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, and Jesmyn Ward’s Salvage the Bones." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2708.
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Representations of natural disasters in Black Southern literature identify social location as the greatest indicator of risk vulnerability. Moreover, they can expose the precarious subjectivity of the Black female reproductive body, as addressed through characters Lulu in Richard Wright’s “Down by the Riverside,” Janie in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, and Jesmyn Ward’s Esch in Salvage the Bones. Together, these female characters share a legacy of social marginalization and Black female resistance that is (re)shaped through their experiences with ecological catastrophe. This thesis considers these three texts together as an ongoing testimony and as a means to bear witness to a socio-historical record of disaster oppression and Black female resistance.
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Šandová, Markéta. "Dopady záplav 1997 a 2002 a vichřic na české pojišťovnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11516.
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This thesis is focused on the floods that hit the Czech Republic in 1997 and 2002 and on the storms. It deals with the risk of floods and storms, flood control, insurance products, role of insurance companies in coverage of flood and storm risk. It considers the changes that have occured in the czech insurance market after the floods and storms.
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Aulbach, John Joseph. "Flood damage reduction techniques for wastewater treatment facilities." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91078.
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Wastewater treatment facilities, due to design practices and physical location, may be highly vulnerable to flooding. The implementation of flood proofing and flood damage reduction measures can reduce the economic losses and environmental impacts of a flood.
Effective training and guidance is currently unavailable from the Virginia regulatory agencies. The Commonwealth of Virginia Sewerage Regulations contain the fundamental principle of avoiding construction within the 100-year flood plain. However, information is not included to discuss flood damage reduction measures or flood protective design standards. The Division of Water Programs within the Virginia Department of Health currently has an internal memorandum to govern their response to flood damaged facilities. The memorandum is general in nature with a limited discussion of assistance to wastewater treatment facilities. Specific flood damage reduction training is currently unavailable within the Virginia Department of Health. This research is intended to provide the necessary material to a) update current regulations and b) establish the basis of a training manual for use during presentations, seminars, and daily activity of regulatory engineers.M.S.
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Adkins, Henry Clay. "The Great Appalachian Flood of 1977: Prisoners, Labor, and Community Perceptions in Wise, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104018.
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The Great Appalachian Flood of 1977 was a historic flood that killed over 100 people, damaged nearly 1,500 homes, and displaced almost 30,000 Appalachian residents. The flood lasted from April 2nd to April 5th, 1977 affecting southwestern Virginia, eastern Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and eastern Tennessee. This project focuses on the disaster relief efforts by the incarcerated population of Wise County Correctional Facility, commonly known as Unit 18, in Wise, Virginia. This project utilized locally produced primary sources known as the Mountain Community Television interviews. These interviews were archived online through the Appalshop Archives in Whitesburg, Kentucky. The Mountain Community Television interviews used for this project were recorded three to four weeks following the early April flood in Wise by media activists and volunteers. The reporters interviewed incarcerated men from Unit 18, the administrative staff and correctional officers at Unit 18, local business owners, and residential community members of Wise. This article examines how the community of Wise, Virginia reacted to the disaster relief efforts in the community. The disaster relief work performed by Unit 18 inmates in the aftermath of the 1977 flood exemplifies a growing reliance on prison laborers in central Appalachia specifically, and rural America more generally. The majority of residential community members in Wise expressed NIMBY (Not in My Backyard) attitudes toward the prison facility and incarcerated population at Unit 18. On the other hand, local business owners who directly benefited from disaster relief work and prison labor changed their opinions about Unit 18 inmates. This project details how the April flood influenced local business owners to move from "Not In My Backyard" to an expanding reliance on incarcerated labor. Most of the Wise community retained NIMBY perceptions about Unit 18 and the incarcerated population after the April flood relief efforts excluding local business owners, a small but important sect of the Wise population. The article concludes by examining Unit 18 inmates' reflections on their labor, wages, and the rehabilitation programs at the Wise County Correctional Facility in the late 1970s.Master of Arts
In 1977, a catastrophic flood impacted the central Appalachian region of the United States. This flood later became known as the "Great Appalachian Flood of 1977." The flood primarily affected small towns and rural communities in southwestern Virginia, eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, and southern West Virginia. Disaster relief efforts in the aftermath of the flood varied across the region causing regional activists to criticize the government's relief efforts. In Wise, Virginia imprisoned men from Wise Correctional Facility Unit 18 volunteered to help the local community in their time of need. This project pays direct attention to Wise, VA community members' changed or solidified opinions about the local prison population at Wise Correctional Unit 18. The writing examines how Unit 18 prisoners viewed their role in the Wise community, their labor and wages, and the different approaches to prisoner rehabilitation. This project uses primary sources from the Appalshop Archives labeled as the Mountain Community Television interviews. In the late 1970s, Mountain Community Television interviewers were a group of local activists and volunteers that circulated broadcasts in southwestern Virginia. The Mountain Community Television interviews were conducted in the following weeks after the Great Appalachian Flood in Wise,Virginia. The interviews describe how local business owners of Wise and Unit 18 correctional administrators worked closely to change the working relationship between the community and the inmates at Unit 18. The vast majority of community members of Wise did not change their opinions about the location of the prison or the population of Unit 18 despite prisoners volunteering to help the community in the aftermath of the flood. On the other hand, the imprisoned population at Unit 18 advocated for more inclusion in the community with an expansion of educational and rehabilitative programs at the correctional facility after. This research is important because it highlights how rural communities and small towns contribute to mass incarceration in the United States. The project can be used to explain how Wise, Virginia directly, and central Appalachia generally, became an important landscape for the U.S. prison regime before the end of the twentieth century.
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Kalkert, Robert E. "Improving the vibrational performance of wood floor systems." Diss., This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10032007-172140/.
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Geaves, Linda Helen. "Public priorities and public goods : the drivers and responses to transitions in flood risk management." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6a5de60c-1920-403e-aaf7-0c8b8655edef.
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This thesis examines the role of the public in Flood Risk Management (FRM) service provision at a time when the perceptions of the distribution of benefits provided by FRM interventions are in flux, and the role the public should play in FRM highly contested among stakeholders. Two schemes have marked the revised role of the public in FRM - Partnership Funding and Flood Re - both of which challenge existing judgments of the excludability and rivalry of benefits delivered by FRM interventions. The Partnership Funding scheme allocates capital for FRM projects proportionately to the public benefits they provide, allowing communities to top-up grants through local contributions. In comparison, by increasing accessibility to affordable insurance through cross-subsidies and pricing signals, Flood Re highlights a growing recognition that the distribution of gains as a result of widespread insurance uptake is greater than the benefits received by the policyholder alone. Following the identification of these schemes, we tested their social feasibility, examining both the scale and distribution of benefits. Due to the different stages of implementation of each scheme at the time of writing this thesis, two distinct methods were developed. The Partnership Funding Chapter used field data to examine how public-private funding of flood defences has changed service provision and the public acceptance of this transition. Whereas the Flood Re chapter used computer-based experiments to hypothesize how Flood Re may make the purchase of insurance a more or less attractive investment for different types of consumer. We found that Partnership Funding enabled more FRM projects to go ahead, raised public awareness of flood risk, and improved collaboration between stakeholders, but encouraged lower-cost projects, which, in the longer term, could transfer the expense of managing residual risk to the householder. In comparison, Flood Re provided peace of mind to householders struggling to afford rises in insurance premiums, but disproportionately benefited those who annually purchased insurance. Combining this proposed inequity in Flood Re with increasing residual risks, we identify a gap in service provision for the public who cannot afford household mitigation measures. We propose that loss mitigation and flood defence should become increasingly collaborative in line with the complexities of flooding within a community. We seek a move away from the information asymmetry which currently exists between insurance providers and policyholders, and yet simultaneously call for local authorities to recognise the capacity of the public to participate in FRM, and sustain resilience in the face of rising flood risk.
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Simmons, Sarah. "The development of schooling in Floyd County, Virginia 1831-1900." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53659.
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This dissertation addresses the cultural, economic, and geographic factors that politically affected the development of schooling in Floyd County, located in southwest Virginia, from its formation in 1831 to the beginning of the twentieth century. Floyd County was formed in 1831 during Virginia's quasi-system of education. This quasi-system was created due to the "peopling" of early Virginia. Colonial Virginia provided educational opportunities for the rich and poor. The General Assembly, which was dominated by the planter-aristocrats, opposed state education. These aristocrats saw no reason to tax themselves for educational opportunities they would not patronize. As settlers of Swiss, German, and Scotch-Irish descent migrated into the backcountry of Virginia, they brought with them a desire for universal education. The conflicts between the eastern and western portion of the state resulted in the Literary Fund Act of 1818 which provided funds to educate Virginia's poor. The wealthy continued to educate their own with the middle class left to their own devices. This quasi-system of education lasted until the Civil War. At the end of the war, conservatives, still in control of the General Assembly, were forced to accept state supported education due to the Underwood Constitutional mandate. Separate schools for blacks and whites were begun under the state plan in 1870. By July 1876, Floyd County had 52 schools in operation; but this expansion faced ruin when the General Assembly used funds to pay off the state's debt. The debt issue split Virginians into two political camps, Funders and Readjusters. It was not until the Readjuster victory in the early 1880's that Virginia's state system began to stabilize.
Political decisions continued to affect education in the late nineteenth century. District boards hired teachers and located schools for political and social reasons which were often tied to community loyalties. Superintendents licensed and examined teachers based on their own standards. The General Assembly denied teachers the right to meet during school terms. No public money could be used to finance their meetings. What education teachers did receive was financed by local efforts and Peabody funds. By the 1890's, over 4000 teachers in Virginia had not attended State Summer Normals. Floyd County had a higher percentage of teachers attending Normals due to its third superintendent bringing a Normal to Jacksonville in 1889.
By 1900, schooling in Floyd County had survived its first 30 years, but with only partial success. Political entanglements, dating back over two centuries, had affected public education at the state and local level with the results that by the beginning of the twentieth century, half of the school age population in Virginia had never attended school.Ed. D.
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Cooley, Alexis Kirsten. "Detecting Change in Rainstorm Properties from 1977-2016 and Associated Future Flood Risks in Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3889.
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In response to increased greenhouse gases and global temperatures, changes to the hydrologic cycle are projected to occur and new precipitation characteristics are expected to emerge. The study of these characteristics is facilitated by common indices to measure precipitation and temperature developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). These indices can be used to describe the likely consequences of climate change such as increased daily precipitation intensity (SDII) and heavier rainfall events (R95p). This study calculates a subset of these indices from observed and modelled precipitation data in Portland, Oregon. Five rainfall gages from a high resolution rain gage network and projections from three downscaled global climate models including CanESM2, CESM1, CNRM-CM5 are used to calculate precipitation indices. Mann-Kendall's tau is used to detect monotonic trends in indices. The observational record is compared with models for the historic period (1977-2005) and these past trends are compared with projected future trends (2006-2100). The influence of study unit on trend detection is analyzed by computing trends at the annual and monthly scale. Study unit is shown to be important for trend detection. When the annual study unit is used, projected future trends towards increased precipitation intensity and event volumes are not observed in the historic data. However, when analyzed with a monthly study unit, trends towards increased precipitation intensity and event volumes are observed in the historic data. These trends are shown to be important for Portland area flooding, as precipitation indices are shown to significantly correlate with 40 maximum peak flow events that occurred during the period of study.
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Onen, Alper. "Analyses Of Flood Events Using Regional Hydrometeorological Modeling System." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615476/index.pdf.
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Extreme rainfall events and consequent floods are being observed more frequently in the Western Black Sea region in Turkey as climate changes. In this study, application of a flood early warning system is intended by using and calibrating a combined model system. A regional-scale hydro-meteorological model system, consisting of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, NOAH land surface model and fully distributed NOAH-Hydro hydrologic models, is used for simulations of 25 heavy-rainfall and major flooding events
observed in the Western Black Sea region between years 2000 and 2011. The performance of WRF model system in simulating precipitation is tested with 3-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation scheme. WRF-derived precipitation with and without data assimilation and Multi Precipitation Estimates (MPE) are used in NOAH-Hydro model to simulate streamflow for flood events. Statistical precipitation analyses show that WRF model with 3DVAR improved precipitation up to 12% with respect to no-assimilation. MPE algorithm generally underestimates rainfall and it also showed lower performance than WRF model with and without data assimilation. Depending on reliability of precipitation inputs, NOAH-Hydro model produces reasonable flood hydrographs both in structure and volume. After model calibration is performed using assimilated precipitation inputs in Bartin Basin, NOAH-Hydro model reduced the average error in streamflow by 23.24% and 53.57% with
calibration for testing events. With calibrated parameters, NOAH-Hydro model forced by WRF non-assimilated precipitation input also reduced the error in streamflow but with lower rates (16.67% and 40.72%). With a proper model calibration and reliable precipitation inputs, hydrologic modeling system is capable of simulating flood events.
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Farris-Manning, Peter (Peter James) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Ice jam detection and flood monitoring using airborne synthetic aperture radar; Saint John River, New Brunswick, 1987." Ottawa, 1991.
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Hacene-Djaballah, Nouri. "Floating floor attenuation of impact structure-borne sound in timber construction." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4598.
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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 42. Thesis director: Girum Urgessa. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 12, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41). Also issued in print.
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Dunn, Catherine. "How Unusual is Tropical Storm Irene? A Case Study of Storm Deposition in Littleville Lake, Huntington, MA." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1400777365.
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Pearcy, Matthew Todd 1967. "A History of the Mississippi River Commission, 1879-1928: from Levees-Only to a Comprehensive Program of Flood Control for the Lower Mississippi Valley." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277642/.
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In 1879 Congress created the Mississippi River Commission (MRC) to develop and coordinate federal flood control policy for the Lower Mississippi River. Through 1927, that Commission clung stubbornly to a "levees-only" policy that was based on the mistaken belief that levees alone could be effective in controlling the flood waters of the Mississippi River. When the levees failed--and they occasionally did--the MRC responded by raising and strengthening the system but refused to adopt a more comprehensive program, one which would include outlets and reservoirs. Finally, a disastrous flood in 1927 forced the abandonment of levees-only and the adoption of a comprehensive plan for the Lower Mississippi River. Predictably, the MRC faced heavy criticism following the failure of its highly-touted levee system in 1927. While certainly the Commission was culpable, there was plenty of fault to go around and a plethora of mitigating circumstances. Developing a plan for achieving adequate flood control along the lower Mississippi River constituted what was probably the most difficult and complex engineering problem ever undertaken by the U. S. Government. Additionally, there were innumerable political and financial constraints that worked to shape MRC policy. This study will endeavor to tell the story of the MRC from its earliest origins through the landmark 1928 Flood Control Act, and, in the process, give evidence to the reality that the Commission did not function independently. As an organization, it relied upon outside forces for its membership, for its jurisdiction, and for the appropriations necessary to carry out its policies. Significantly, these forces were politically driven and did not always, or even often, share the MRC's priorities for the Lower Mississippi River. Even so, the MRC accomplished a great deal in its efforts to protect the Valley from moderate floods, to improve the navigability of the Mississippi River, and to expand significantly the body of knowledge available on the "Father of Waters."
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Marzette, Philip J. "A study of heavy spillover precipitation with contributed to the Reno floods of 1997 and 2005." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453595.
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Adaniya, Christopher Seishin. "The formation of a secondary mid-level atmospheric river that contributed to the Reno floods of 1997 and 2005." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447619.
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Pagano, Thomas Christopher, and Thomas Christopher Pagano. "The role and usability of climate forecasts for flood control and water supply agencies in Arizona: a case study of the 1997-98 El Nino." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626891.
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The 1997-98 El Nino provided a unique opportunity for climate information and
forecasts to be utilized by water management agencies in the Southwestern U.S. While
Arizona has experienced high streamflow associated with previous El Nino events, never
before had an event of such magnitude been predicted with advance warning of several
months. Likewise, the availability of information, including Internet sources and
widespread media coverage, was higher than ever before. Insights about use of this
information in operational water management decision processes are developed through a
series of semi-structured in-depth interviews with key personnel from a broad array of
agencies responsible for emergency management and water supply, with jurisdictions
ranging from urban to rural and local to regional. The interviews investigate where
information was acquired, how it was interpreted and how it was incorporated into
specific decisions and actions. The interviews also investigate agency satisfaction with
the products available to them, their operational decisions, and intentions to utilize
forecast products in the future. Study fmdings lead to recommendations about how to
more effectively provide intended users of forecasts with information required to enact
mitigation measures and utilize opportunities that some climatic events present.
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Snider, Jeffrey. "The Songs of Sidney Homer, with Three Recitals of Selected Works by Verdi, Handel, Brahms, Poulenc, Ives, Loewe, Fauré, Floyd and Others." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277982/.
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Now all but forgotten, the songs of Sidney Homer (1864-1953) were at one time well-regarded and often performed. Married to the great American contralto Louise Homer, he was in a unique position to have his songs performed by the great artists of the time. Unlike the cloying "parlor songs" of many of his contemporaries, his works consistently demonstrate a respect for both the great poets as well as the European art-song tradition. One of the most cosmopolitan of the American composers of his day, his involvement with Louise's career brought him into contact with many of the great composers and performers of the day including Massenet, Puccini, Humperdinck, Mahler, Toscanini and Caruso. When viewed in their entirety, his songs reveal not only a tremendous variety, but also the maturation of his compositional style.
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Bonson, Anita M. J. "A tale of two Susans, the construction of gender identity on the British Columbia frontier." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25021.pdf.
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Costa, Marcello Alves. "Avaliação dos eventos extremos de maré para os anos de 2002, 2003 e 2004, seus impactos e as alterações temporais (1987 - 2007) dos cenários da paisagem do município de Itanhaém - SP - Brasil." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287670.
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Orientador: Sueli Yoshinaga PereiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T19:52:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_MarcelloAlves_D.pdf: 5073281 bytes, checksum: 027ba899f00acc6bc233ace29fbdc052 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: As discussões sobre a paisagem, seus cenários através dos tempos, seu comportamento dinâmico e a integração das atividades humanas com o meio físico, no qual estão inseridas são de profundo interesse de diversas ciências buscando assim novas formas de compreender o momento presente. Inundações, enchentes, desmoronamentos, chuvas intensas e marés muito elevadas passaram, nos últimos anos a fazer parte de nosso cotidiano informacional. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de análise em escala municipal abordando os eventos denominados de marés extremas que podem ocasionar diversos problemas às infra-estruturais como inundações e erosões costeiras, transformando a paisagem. As análises propostas partiram da detecção de eventos de marés extremas para os anos de 2002, 2003, 2004 e a relação com os períodos lunares de quadratura e sizígia. Utilizando-se da técnica estatística de Regressão Linear Múltipla, avaliou-se em escala anual e para semana que antecede os eventos extremos, as relações existentes de Variação de Maré extrema com a Temperatura, a Velocidade do Vento, as Chuvas e a Umidade Relativa. Analisou-se também a transformação da paisagem de forma temporal com um intervalo de 20 anos (1987 - 2007), frente aos parâmetros - Uso da Terra, Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) e as Variações da Temperatura, onde os resultados obtidos nas análises apontaram para supressão de áreas naturais, o adensamento da malha urbana, assim como um aumento da temperatura entre os anos. Os estudos apontaram detectaram que as marés extremas estão relacionadas ao evento do El Nino, em que foram observados marés da ordem de 1,2 a 1,92 metros (exagerei). Os ventos, a umidade e a temperatura, apesar de baixa correlação, são componentes que indicam a presença de sistemas frontais que proporcionam variações extremas. As marés altas provocam inundação e erosão costeiras em áreas vulneráveis, que estão em processo de maior adensamento urbano e os resultados da simulação de maré extrema no município de Itanhaém - São Paulo - Brasil indicaram que as áreas mais afetadas são justamente as áreas que mais se adensaram ao longo do período monitorado
Abstract: Discussions on the landscape, their scenarios through the ages, its dynamic behavior and integration of human activities with the physical environment in which they operate are of deep interest in various sciences thus seeking new ways to understand the present moment. Floods, floods, landslides, heavy rains and high tides have passed much in recent years to be part of our daily informational. Therefore, this work presents a proposal for a municipal scale analysis covering the events called extreme tides that can cause many problems for infrastructure such as flooding and coastal erosion, transforming the landscape. The analyzes proposed departed detection of extreme tidal events for the years 2002, 2003, 2004 and compared with lunar periods of neap and spring tides. Using the statistical technique of multiple linear regressions was evaluated on an annual scale and week preceding extreme events, the relations of Variation of Tide with extreme temperature, the speed of the wind, the rain and Relative Humidity. It was also analyzed the transformation of the landscape temporally with an interval of 20 years (1987 - 2007), compared to parameters - Land Use, Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the variations of temperature, where the results in analyzes showed suppression of natural areas, densification of the urban as well as an increase in temperature among years. The studies showed that the detected extreme tides are related to the El Nino event, where tides were observed in the range from 1.2 to 1.92 meters (exaggerated). The winds, humidity and temperature, although low correlation, are components that indicate the presence of frontal systems that deliver extreme variations. The high tides cause flooding and coastal erosion in vulnerable areas, which are in the process of higher urban density and the simulation results of extreme tide in the city of Itanhaém - São Paulo - Brazil indicated that the most affected areas are precisely the areas that most denser over the period monitored
Doutorado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Doutor em Ciências
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Snyder, Kai. "Debris flows and flood disturbance in small, mountain watersheds /." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13147.
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Nixon, David Eugene. "Heifer performance and drought and grazing effects on flood meadow vegetation /." 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/15267.
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McMullen, Laura E. "Ecological responses to riverine floods and flow alteration." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22831.
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Floods are major disturbance events for riverine ecosystems, directly and indirectly impacting organisms and their habitat. In this study I investigated the role of riverine floods and flow alteration in regulating aquatic macroinvertebrate population and community structure. I examined this problem using a variety of methods: a meta-analytic review of primary studies from the literature, a mathematical model synthesizing population and flood ecology, a multi-year experimental flood program in an arid-land river, and a field investigation of flood recovery behaviors in a charismatic larval odonate. I found that floods significantly reduced invertebrate abundance in the short term, but had varied effects across particular study sites, microhabitats, and taxonomic groups. I determined that both resistant and resilient capabilities are important to persistence of invertebrate populations after disturbance events, and that these traits may act in a binary fashion. Recovery over time of invertebrate populations may be partially due to "hidden resistance" of spatially displaced individuals in side-channels, benthic substrate, and vegetation or wood. Some invertebrates adapted to flood-prone rivers may possess behavioral adaptations for returning to the main-channel of the river after flood events. This dissertation contributes to riverine disturbance ecology and provides information useful to prediction and management of ecosystem flows in rivers.Graduation date: 2012
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DePiero, Anthony H. "High cycle fatigue modeling and analysis for deck floor truss connection details." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33707.
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The Oregon Department of Transportation is responsible for many steel deck truss bridges containing connection details that are fatigue prone. A typical bridge, the Winchester Bridge in Roseburg, Oregon, was analyzed to assess the loading conditions, stress levels, and fatigue life of the connection details. The analysis included linear-elastic beam analysis, 2D and 3D finite element modeling, and fatigue modeling. A field identification methodology was developed to expand the analysis to other steel deck truss bridges. Five retrofit strategies were investigated to determine their effectiveness in reducing the stress ranges developed in the connection details.Graduation date: 1998
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Chen, Chengci 1964. "Soil water availability and chemical transport in a pear (Pyrus communis) orchard swelling clay soil under micro and flood irigation." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33916.
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Mor��t, Stephanie L. "An assessment of a Stream Reach Inventory and Channel Stability Evaluation : predicting and detecting flood-induced change in channel stability." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33845.
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Pre-flood (1995), and post-flood (1996) channel stability surveys were conducted on 22 reaches along Oak Creek, Benton County, Oregon in an effort to note if the flood of February 1996 altered the channel and if the channel stability survey that was being used accurately predicted the channels resistance to change resulting from a flood. The channel stability survey that was used was the method described in the 'Channel Stability Evaluation and Stream Reach Inventory' designed by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, in Colorado (Pfankuch, 1978).
This was a non-parametric study, based on an opportunity to reoccupy survey locations from a previous study. A model was proposed to describe the 1995 ratings as predictions for change should a flood event occur. This predicted change was compared to the actual change that occurred as a result of the 1996 flood in order to test the surveys
ability to accurately predict change. Changes in the survey totals, the 15 channel stability
indicator items that compose the survey, and the sediment distribution were evaluated within and between years at the reach, station and stream scale.
An increase in the percentage of fine gravel occurred at all scales when post-flood and pre-flood sediment distribution was compared. Except for an increase in fine gravel, the stream remained similar to its pre-flood state.
In 1995, the stream's channel stability was rated as 'fair', indicating that a moderate amount of change should take place if a flood occurred. The 1995 predictions for change did not match the actual change observed after the February 1996 flood at the three scales when defined by the survey totals. When independently evaluating the fifteen individual channel stability indicator items, a considerable amount of change was detected at the reach level. Although change occurred in the indicator items at each reach, the stream average for each of the independent indicator items was similar between the two years. This may indicate that, although change occurred at the reach level, the stream maintained its physical diversity after the flood.
The survey method was unable to accurately predict changes to Oak Creek incurred by the February 1996 flood when viewed at the entire stream level, yet it may be more applicable at the reach level when viewing specific changes to channel stability indicator items. In general, the Stream Reach Inventory and Channel Stability Evaluation is designed for observational efficiency but does not have sufficient scientific basis or measurement precision to accurately predict the extent or type of channel change.Graduation date: 1998
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Rykken, Jessica J. "Relationships between forest-floor invertebrate distribution, movement, and microclimate under alternative riparian management practices." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28987.
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Blount, David Kenneth. "Effects of strip versus continuous grazing management on diet parameters and performance of yearling steers grazing native flood meadow vegetation in eastern Oregon." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38127.
Full textAbstract:
A trial was conducted May 1 to September 4, 1989 at the Eastern
Oregon Agricultural Research Center (EOARC) Burns, OR to examine the
effects of strip or continuous grazing management on the diet and
performance of steers grazing native flood meadows. The objective was
to determine if strip grazing would be a more efficient means of
grazing management than continuous grazing.
The experiment was designed to test diet quality, botanical
composition of the diet, daily dry matter (DM) intake and performance
of yearling steers. Eighty yearling steers weighing 253±17 kg were
selected from cattle at the Squaw Butte Experiment Station. The
experimental design was a randomized complete block, with blocking
based on past forage production. Treatments were continuous or strip
grazing. A representative meadow of approximately 22.4 ha was divided
into four equal pastures. Continuous grazing steers had access to 5.6
ha pastures for the duration of the study. Animals on strip grazing
were confined to an area that was estimated to provide 5-7 days of
forage using New Zealand portable electric fencing. Strip sizes were
predetermined based on standing forage crop. Steers were not allowed
to graze more than 7 days in any one strip. Diet quality was estimated
from bi-weekly esophageal samples. Extrusa was collected from 4
esophageal fistulated steers per treatment on two consecutive days.
Collections were timed to coincide with the mid point of the strip
being currently grazed. Samples were pooled by collection dates and
analyzed for CP and IVOMD. Dietary OM intake was estimated from biweekly,
24 hr total fecal collections starting the day following
esophageal collections. Total DM fecal output from 6 fecal collection
steers per treatment was corrected with the %IVOMD to predict actual DM
intake. Diet botanical composition was estimated by microhistological
examination of fecal sub-samples. Animal weight gains were recorded
bi-weekly. Experimental animals grazed together at all times during
the trial. Initial stocking densities were 2.0 AU/ha in each treatment
pasture. Steers were counted as .56 AU with 20 steers grazing 5.6 ha
pastures. The average strip size over the trial was .46 ha; and
depending upon standing crop of forage, ranged from .23-1.15 ha.
Record moisture from snowmelt and rainfall resulted in greater than
expected standing crop of forage. This growth resulted in under
stocking of both treatment pastures. A 1.08 ha block was removed as
hay from the higher forage producing strip treatment block to adjust
for over abundant forage. This resulted in a total mean strip grazed
area of 4.37 ha or 22% less than continuous grazing. Actual grazing
density means over the summer were 2.6 AU/ha for continuous and 3.15
AU/ha for the strip treatment. Available forage was determined from
clipped plots on a DM basis and expressed as herbage allowance at a
given point in time. Herbage allowance for steers in continuous grazed
pastures ranged from 405-1153 kg/AU when measured at bi-weekly
intervals and 68-186 kg/AU for strip grazed steers when estimated at
the beginning of each strip. Grazing pressure was higher for strip
grazed steers (.10 AU/kg) compared to continuous (.02 AU/kg). Diet
quality declined significantly over the summer (P<.01). Analysis for
CP in steer diets provided values of 13.9 vs 10.9% for continuous and
strip treatments, respectively. However, this difference was not
significant (P=.14). Digestibility analysis suggested that forage in
continuous diets tended (P=.07) to have higher IVOMD than strip diets
(64.6 vs 60.7%), respectively. Daily herbage intake was similar
(P=.42) for both treatments when expressed as a percentage of body
weight. Diet botanical composition was positively affected by the type
of management system. The amount of the major grass species, meadow
foxtail (Alopecurus pratensjs), was increased (P=.05) 39% in the diet
of strip grazing steers. Differences were noted in the amounts of
other, less frequently occurring grass species. The total amount of
grass tended (P=.06) to be higher in strip diets (49% vs 35% for
continuous). Rushes (Juncus spp.) and sedges (Carex spp.) contributed
a similar percentage to the diets of both treatments. Forbs comprised
less than .5% of the overall diet of both strip and continuous steers.
Individual animal performance tended (P=.09) to be higher under
continuous grazing management. The ADG was 1.16 and .77 kg for steers
in continuous and strip grazing, respectively. However, total animal
production per hectare grazed area (26.14 vs 22.13 kg/hd) was not
considered different (P=.17).Graduation date: 1991
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Larson, David J. "The effects of thinning on forest-floor small mammals in the Coast Range of Oregon /." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10944.
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Butts, Sally R. "Associations of forest floor vertebrates with coarse woody debris in managed forests, western Oregon Cascades /." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10455.
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Casebeer, Nathan E. "Sediment storage in a headwater valley of the Oregon Coast Range : erosion rates and styles and valley-floor capacitance /." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9014.
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Suzuki, Nobuya. "Effects of thinning forest-floor vertebrates and analysis of habitat associations along ecological gradients in Oregon coastal Douglas-fir forests /." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11066.
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Traut, Bibit Halliday. "Effects of variation in ecosystem carryover on biodiversity and community structure of forest floor bryophytes and understory vascular plants : a retrospective approach." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36396.
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Ľuptovský, Matěj. "Problematika mimořádných událostí se zaměřením na povodně v období od 1997 do 2007." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312450.
Full textAbstract:
Title of a document: Problems of extraordinary events with concentration to floods in period of time from 1997 to 2007. Aim of a document: Characterize kinds of extraordinary events and assign to them some cases from CR with concentraining on floods. The legislature before and after acceptance of crisis laws. The economic incidence and loses of lives in effect of floods. Method: An analysis of obtained information oriented to a question of extraordinary events with concentraining on floods. Interview with the specialist of joint rescue service. Results: Complexed summary of extraordinary events, their characterizations and cases reffered to CR with concentraining on floods. Floody analysis of CR between 1997 - 2007 from aspekt of rise, progress and their results. Key words: Joint rescue service, an extraordinary event, crisis situation, floody, crisis kontrol.
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Morrill, Susanna. "White roses on the floor of heaven : nature and flower imagery in Latter-day Saint women's literature, 1880-1920 /." 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3060245.
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Ľuptovský, Matěj. "Analýza povodní v České republice v období od 1997 do 2007." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-300211.
Full textAbstract:
Title of a document: Floody analysis of Czech republic between 1997 - 2007. Aim of a document: Characterize kinds of extraordinary events and assign to them some cases from CR with concentraining on floods. The legislature before and after acceptance of crisis laws. The economic incidence and loses of lives in effect of floods. Method: An analysis of obtained information oriented to a question of extraordinary events with concentraining on floods. Interview with the specialist of joint rescue service. Results: Complexed summary of extraordinary events, their characterizations and cases reffered to CR with concentraining on floods. Floody analysis of CR between 1997 - 2007 from aspekt of rise, progress and their results. Key words: Joint rescue service, an extraordinary event, crisis situation, rescue and liquidation works, flood, crisis kontrol, economic steps, crisis laws.
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Danner, Allison G. "Will we need to change the rules : assessing the implications of climate change for dam operations in Oregon's McKenzie River Basin." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38119.
Full textAbstract:
Dams and reservoirs are important components of water resource management systems, but their operational sensitivity to streamflow variability may make them vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is likely to affect the magnitude and timing of streamflow, motivating the assessment of potential impacts on dams and reservoirs. Here I examine a case study of Cougar Dam, a multipurpose dam in Oregon, USA, to assess potential impacts of future climate change on operational performance. In the first portion of this study, I examine the historical operation of Cougar Dam, to understand (1), whether operational objectives have been achievable in the past despite operational variability, and (2) how climatic variation is expressed in operational trajectories. By analyzing historical streamflow and operations data using a set of metrics, I characterize variability in past operations and how that variability relates to streamflow. I also employ a reservoir model to distinguish operational differences due to streamflow variability from variability due to other factors that affect operations. I find that operational objectives have been achievable, despite variability in operations and departures from the ideal operational trajectory. Throughout the historical period, flood control operations have almost always kept reservoir outflows below the desired maximum outflow. Although filling occurs 9 days late on average, the reservoir has filled in all but 6 out of 37 years. Although drawdown occurs 47 days early on average, early drawdown does not generally impact recreation and allows minimum outflows to be met every day during all but the driest year. I also find that total seasonal inflow is correlated with measures of operational performance, and that other factors besides climate play an important role in determining operational trajectories. I conclude that operations of Cougar Reservoir are vulnerable to climate change, but that operational flexibility may mitigate some of the potential impacts.
In the second portion of this study I assume that current operating rules will be kept in place and I aim to understand what types of operational impacts may be expected, when they may be expected to occur, and whether the operational impacts may necessitate changing operational rules. I employ both a traditional climate impacts assessment approach to assess changes over time as well as a scenario-neutral approach to generalize relationships between streamflow and operations of Cougar Dam. I find that projected increases in winter streamflow could result in up to twice the number of downstream high flows than in the past and that projected decreases in summer streamflow could result in earlier reservoir drawdown by up to 20 days on average. Additionally, filling of the reservoir may occur up to 16% more often or 11% less often than in the past, depending on spring flow magnitude and timing. I also find that there are strong general relationships between total inflow volume and flood control performance, and that there are total inflow thresholds for whether or not the reservoir will fill or will be full enough for recreation in late summer. I conclude that future modification of operating policies may be warranted, but that there will likely be tradeoffs between operating objectives in the future even if operating rules are modified.Graduation date: 2013
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Lockett, Daniel Edwin IV. "A Bayesian approach to habitat suitability prediction." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28788.
Full textAbstract:
For the west coast of North America, from northern California to southern
Washington, a habitat suitability prediction framework was developed to
support wave energy device siting. Concern that wave energy devices may
impact the seafloor and benthos has renewed research interest in the
distribution of marine benthic invertebrates and factors influencing their
distribution. A Bayesian belief network approach was employed for learning
species-habitat associations for Rhabdus rectius, a tusk-shaped marine
infaunal Mollusk. Environmental variables describing surficial geology and
water depth were found to be most influential to the distribution of R. rectius.
Water property variables, such as temperature and salinity, were less
influential as distribution predictors. Species-habitat associations were used to
predict habitat suitability probabilities for R. rectius, which were then mapped
over an area of interest along the south-central Oregon coast. Habitat
suitability prediction models tested well against data withheld for crossvalidation
supporting our conclusion that Bayesian learning extracts useful
information available in very small, incomplete data sets and identifies which
variables drive habitat suitability for R. rectius. Additionally, Bayesian belief
networks are easily updated with new information, quantitative or qualitative,
which provides a flexible mechanism for multiple scenario analyses. The
prediction framework presented here is a practical tool informing marine
spatial planning assessment through visualization of habitat suitability.Graduation date: 2012