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Journal articles on the topic 'Flood Control Structures'
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1
Kosinskii, A. P., Yu M. Sevenard, S. N. Kuraev, and A. A. Vavilov. "Flood control structures of Leningrad." Hydrotechnical Construction 22, no. 2 (1988): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01428972.
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VAN BEESTEN, C. "HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES IN FLOOD CONTROL SYSTEMS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 92, no. 1 (1992): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/icien.1992.18046.
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Drobot, Radu, Aurelian Florentin Draghia, Cristian Dinu, Nicolai Sîrbu, Viorel Chendeș, and Petrișor Mazilu. "Adaptive Operating Rules for Flood Control of a Multi-Purpose Reservoir." Hydrology 11, no. 9 (2024): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology11090147.
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Almost all multipurpose reservoirs in Romania were put into operation 30–50 years ago or even earlier. Meanwhile, a large volume of hydrologic data has been collected, and the initial design flood should be reconsidered. Consequently, the operating rules of flow control structures (bottom gates and weir gates) should be re-examined, mainly for medium and low-frequency floods. The design flood is not unique, being characterized by different shapes and time to peak, which has consequences for flood mitigation rules. Identifying the critical design flood is an important preliminary step, although it is usually neglected in flood management. Simulating the operation of the Stânca–Costești reservoir on the Prut River, it was found that the design flood corresponding to the maximum value of the compactness coefficient is the most difficult to mitigate considering the specific conditions of the dam and the reservoir: the prescribed conservation level in the reservoir, and the design flood volume of medium and rare floods that far exceeds the flood control volume. These conditions can jeopardize both dam safety and downstream flood protection. The main steps of the proposed approach are as follows: (1) developing the hydraulic model; (2) statistical processing of the registered floods and defining critical design floods for different AEPs (Annual Exceedance Probabilities); (3) deriving optimal operation rules based on a simulation-optimization model; (4) implementing real-time adaptive operation of the mechanical outlets; and (5) critically assessing the operating rules after the event. Based on the hydrological forecast, if necessary, new outlets are put into operation while keeping the ones already activated. Based on the hydrological forecast and properly operated, the safety of the Stânca–Costești dam is guaranteed even in the event of a 0.1% CC (Climate Change) flood. However, for floods greater than 1% magnitude, the carrying capacity of the downstream riverbed is exceeded. The main gaps addressed in this paper are the following: (1) the establishment of critical design floods, and (2) the adaptive operating rules of outlet devices aimed at optimizing flood control results, using short-term flood forecasts.
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Zhang, Keying, Zhansheng Ji, Xiaoliang Luo, Zhenyi Liu, and Hua Zhong. "Flood Simulation in the Complex River Basin Affected by Hydraulic Structures Using a Coupled Hydrological and Hydrodynamic Model." Water 16, no. 17 (2024): 2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16172383.
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Due to the complexity of terrain and climate in the mountain–plain transition zone, it is difficult to simulate and forecast the flow discharge of river basins accurately. The poor regularity of the river thus leads to uncertain flood control scheduling. Meanwhile, reservoirs and flood detention areas are constructed to store and divert water when severe floods threaten the safety of the basin. In order to improve the accuracy of flood forecasts and the effectiveness of flood control, a hydrological and 1D/2D hydrodynamic coupling model was developed to enable the joint computation of multiple objects, including mountainous streams, plains river networks, hydraulic control structures, and flood detention areas. For the hydrological component, the Xin’anjiang model with the Muskingum module is employed to simulate mountainous flow discharge. For the hydrodynamic component, the Saint–Venant equations and shallow water equations are applied to estimate flood processes in rivers and on land surfaces, respectively. The Dongtiaoxi River Basin in Zhejiang Province, China, serves as the case study, where river flow is influenced by both upstream mountainous floods and downstream backwater effects. Using the integrated model, flood routing and scheduling are simulated and visualized. Both the Xin’anjiang model and the 1D hydrodynamic model demonstrate over 80% acceptability in calibration and validation, confirming their robustness and reliability. Meanwhile, inundation in flood detention areas can be effectively estimated by coupling the 1D and 2D hydrodynamic models with a flood diversion scheduling model. The coupled model proves capable of simulating flood routing in complex river basins that include mountains, plains, and hydraulic control structures, accounting for the interactions between hydrological elements. These findings provide a new perspective on flood simulation in other similarly complex river basins.
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Skoulikaris, Charalampos, and Eleni Tzanou. "Fostering flood control policy measures at basin scale hydrosystems with the use of geo-spatial technologies." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering, no. 00 (2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace230630036s.
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The increased rate of floods occurrence during the last few decades, which is mainly attributed to climate change and mankind pressures on the hydrosystems, results on large scale horizontal flood control and protection policies. At European Union (EU) scale, the Directive on the Assessment and Management of Flood Risks of the year 2007 aims, after implementing sequential processes which amongst other include remote sensing and hydraulic modeling coupling, at proposing specific measures for mitigating the flood risks and the derived socioeconomic devastating impacts. The current research demonstrates the usefulness of geo-spatial technologies for assessing the operationality of the current anti-flood infrastructures together with the historic flood events and the necessity of maintaining the infrastructures. For doing so, all the flood control structures in the case study area were mapped in a geographic information system (GIS). Additionally, information regarding the floods? spatial and temporal placement were used to populate the GIS database, while the repeatability of the works regarding the maintenance and/or restoration and/or failure recovery of the flood control structures was attributed in monetary terms to evaluate the feasibility of the projects. The case study area is the Greek part of the Struma/Strymonas transboundary river basin, which is shared between Bulgaria and North Macedonia and Greece. The outputs of the research demonstrated the usefulness of the current flood protection projects, however, there were particular cases where the annual maintenance cost necessitates the promotion of new and more financial independent solutions.
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Variadi, Variadi, Iqbal Khairul, Mufti Fajarullah, and Adriman Ramzi. "Keureuto Dam Operation for Flood Control System." E3S Web of Conferences 476 (2024): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447601049.
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Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters. Dams are engineered structures built across rivers and streams to control water flow, primarily for purposes like water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control. In the modern era, technological advancements and an enhanced understanding of hydrology have transformed dam operations within flood warning systems. Early warning systems for floods are founded on the principle of forecasting and alerting communities and authorities about imminent flood events. Keureuto Dam has multi-purpose benefits including to reduce flooding. The planned system includes sensors that record hydrological data (ARR and AWLR), equipment that receives the data recorded as well as a transmitter network from the sensors to the data center. in the Keureuto watershed, three AWLRs are planned to be installed upstream of the dam, one at the dam, seven AWLRs downstream of the dam. data from upstream is sent using a radio network, while from upstream it uses a cellular network. with a data center located at the dam.
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Fedorov, Mikhail, Vladimir Badenko, Alexander Chusov, and Vladimir Maslikov. "GIS technologies for selecting location of dams in the flood control systems." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199107001.
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Many floodplains are excluded from development because the floods cause considerable damage to people’s lives and properties. Systems of hydraulic engineering structures for flood protection working with hydropower facilities are analysed to solve the problem of reducing the flood control volume of hydropower station. Methods of reducing the risk of flooding in the river basin by means of a distributed system of detention self-regulated dams are discussed. A geoinformation method used to justify the selection of parameters of such dams, primarily location of dam that minimize impact on the environment (ecological factor), is presented. In the present study, a system of multipurpose flood protection self-regulated dams is analysed as the measures for mitigation of flash floods in the Far Eastern region of Russia.
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VAN BEESTEN, C., M. J. KENN, R. B. THORN, and H. I. SCHWARTZ. "CORRESPONDENCE. HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES IN FLOOD CONTROL SYSTEMS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 92, no. 3 (1992): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/icien.1992.20279.
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Grigor’ev, Yu A., and S. N. Kuraev. "Complex of St. Petersburg flood-control structures." Hydrotechnical Construction 31, no. 9 (1997): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02767230.
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Markovic, Milica, and Jelena Markovic-Brankovic. "The scale and effect of public investments in flood control infrastructure in Serbia from 2009 to 2021." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 19, no. 3 (2021): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace211007023m.
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Flood control structures play an important role in saving lives and property during floods, especially due to climate change issues. The construction, reconstruction, and rehabilitation of hydraulic structures are compliant with their maintenance and are performed periodically and preventively in order to achieve their required functional safety. However, over the years, investments in flood protection, i.e. the reduction of possible damage caused by the harmful effects of water, mostly implied investments in embankments. Investments in high dams are insufficient in terms of their importance, structure complexity, and failure risk.
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Ranate, Chelsea, SB Soeryamassoeka, and Danang Gunarto. "PRIORITIZATION OF MITIGATION AND FLOOD RISK REDUCTION EFFORTS IN KOTA SINGKAWANG." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 24, no. 1 (2024): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jts.v24i1.76660.
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Floods present significant challenges to urban areas globally, including Kota Singkawang in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, due to its susceptibility to seasonal monsoons. Mitigation efforts are crucial to protect lives, infrastructure, and sustainable development amidst urbanization and climate change. This research delves into flood risk reduction methods by integrating technical, economic, social, and environmental dimensions to aid policymakers and stakeholders in efficient resource allocation.This study aims to enhance flood resilience by identifying critical intervention areas through structured approaches, leveraging literature reviews, field surveys, and consultations with local authorities and communities. Prioritizing flood risk mitigation involves evaluating existing strategies and implementing structural measures like flood control buildings.The analysis findings indicate that the primary focus for mitigation efforts and flood risk reduction in Kota Singkawang should involve structural measures, specifically implementing flood control structures like polder systems and retention ponds to effectively address sea tides and heavy rainfall impacts. However, given the preliminary nature of this study, a more thorough investigation with comprehensive data is necessary to implement these structural technologies fully. This comprehensive analysis underscores the significance of comprehending flood risk complexities to formulate sustainable urban strategies in Kota Singkawang.
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Bednárová, Emília, Juraj Škvarka, and Danka Grambličková. "Assessment of the Filtration Stability of the Flood Control Levee on the Little Danube." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 4 (2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2024-0020.
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Abstract Some of the accompanying phenomena of climate change that have been documented include extreme hydrological events. These significantly influence the hydrological regime of river basins, leading to more frequent occurrences of hydrological extremes such as floods and periods of drought (Melo et al., 2012, Svoboda et al., 2000). Long-term drought periods highlight the urgency of constructing water structures to create large-capacity artificial reservoirs to ensure water supplies during periods of scarcity. Intense short-term rainfall events underscore the increased need for flood control measures. Flood control levees are a significant component of flood control measures (Kotaška and Říha, 2023). Many of them, such as the Danube flood control levees, whose construction dates back to the reign of Maria Theresa (Pekárová et al., 2013; Halmová and Pekárová, P 2020), have been in operation for centuries. Considering their age, the long-term impact of hydrodynamic loading, as well as changing conditions, including hydrological, morphological, geological factors, etc., these water structures require attention. They include the right-bank flood control levee of the Little Danube River. This paper focuses on an analysis of the risk factors for the filtration stability of the levees’s subsoil under extreme hydrodynamic loading and the methodological approach applied in optimizing planned measures.
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Slutzman, Jonathan E., and James A. Smith. "Effects of Flood Control Structures on Flood Response for Hurricane Floyd in the Brandywine Creek Watershed, Pennsylvania." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 11, no. 5 (2006): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2006)11:5(432).
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Perera, Kumudika K. E. "An Analysis of Stream Flow and Flood Frequency: A Case Study from Downstream of Kelani River Basin, Sri Lanka." Athens Journal of Sciences 11, no. 1 (2024): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajs.11-1-4.
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River floods in Sri Lanka are mainly associated with extreme rainfall events. The Kelani and Kalu rivers are recorded the highest flood frequencies and the accompanying flood damages among the river basins in wet zone (UNDP, 2011). Therefore, the specific objective of the study is to estimate the temporal probability of occurrence of flood events in downstream of Kelani river basin. Secondary data were used for the study. Daily discharges data were obtained from Hanwella gauging station for the period of 1990 to 2019 from the Department of Irrigation, Sri Lanka. Trend analysis, normal distribution and flood frequency analysis have been used. The results of the study revealed that there was a bi-modal pattern of discharges that occurred in June and October. The results also indicated that ten return periods were covered the total period of 30 years, and there was a 97 per cent probability of flood occurrence almost annually and 64 per cent probability of occurring once every two years. This study, therefore, was recommended to design flood control structures for mitigating flood risk; and to determine the economic value of flood control projects and the effect of encroachments on flood plain. Keywords: floods, frequency, downstream, return period, probability
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Blöschl, Günter. "Three hypotheses on changing river flood hazards." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 19 (2022): 5015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5015-2022.
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Abstract. There is serious concern that the hazard, or probability, of river floods is increasing over time. Starting from narratives that are sometimes discussed in public, the article addresses three hypotheses. The first suggests that land-use changes, such as deforestation, urbanisation and soil compaction by agriculture, increase flood hazards. This review finds that land-use effects on floods are particularly pronounced in small catchments since soil permeability plays an important role in infiltration at this scale. For regional floods, and the most extreme events, land use is usually not the most important control, since areas of soil saturation play a greater role in runoff generation, which are less dependent on soil permeability. The second hypothesis suggests that hydraulic interventions and structures, such as river training, levees and dams, increase flood hazards. This review finds that hydraulic structures have the greatest impact on events of medium magnitude, associated with return periods of tens to hundreds of years, and that their effects are usually local. Long-term interactions between humans and floods must be taken into account when predicting future flood hazards. The third hypothesis suggests that climate change increases flood hazard. This review finds that, in small catchments of a few hectares, flood hazards may increase due to convective storms. In large catchments, where regional floods occur, changes are not necessarily directly related to precipitation, nor are they directly related to rising air temperatures, but are determined by the seasonal interplay of soil moisture, snow and extreme precipitation via runoff generation. Increases and decreases in flood hazards have been observed worldwide. It is concluded that significant progress has been made in recent years in understanding the role of land use, hydraulic structures and climate in changing river flood hazards. It is crucial to consider all three factors of change in flood risk management and communicate them to the general public in a nuanced way.
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Vrána, K., T. Dostál, P. Koudelka, V. David, and K. Uuléřová. "The effect of the conditions of a landscape on its retention capacity." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 2 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10189-010-0005-5.
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The effect of the conditions of a landscape on its retention capacityQuestions related to the occurrence, frequency, intensity, duration, characteristics and causes of floods have been discussed more in recent years. Two basic approaches to flood control often conflict. The first is based on the assumption of the considerable effect of a landscape's retention capacity, which can in fact prevent surface runoff generation and flood formation and can significantly transform flood wave. The second approach asserts that the retention capacity of a landscape is nearly negligible and that the only reliable flood protection can be provided by extending the technical structures of flood control measures mainly and directly on water courses. Two different approaches were applied to assess the effect of landscape conditions and revitalization measures on surface runoff and flood formation within a catchment and floodplain. The conclusion shows that the effect of landscape revitalization is very important, but mainly for low return periods of flood events, while for extreme events, the effect on landscapes and floodplains becomes less important and even negligible.
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Velychko, S. V., and O. V. Dupliak. "Evaluation of the green flood mitigation measures in urban area in the frame of the sustainable city concept." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1415, no. 1 (2024): 012008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012008.
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Abstract The flood protection problem has always existed for the Ukrainian Carpathians. The floods that caused damage to urban areas occurred 10 times during the past 20 years in the basin of the Uzh River, ones were the cold period floods in most cases. The Uzh River passes through the central part of the Uzhhorod city, the river is crossed by five bridges, the embankment consists of “grey” flood protection structures: dams, concrete and stone walls. The central embankment was flooded by extreme floods only. At the same time auxiliary buildings and greenhouse in the Botanic Garden and the Bozdos Park area are flooded almost every two-three years. The purpose of the work is to update hydrological calculations, to calculate the flood water surface curve and assessment of the “green” flood mitigation measures in the central part of the city. Flood flow rate of 1% probability was calculated by processing continuous observations data for 72 years. Flood water levels of 1% probability were calculated using a 1D HEC-RAS model. Retention reservoirs, old river bed, mobile flood protection systems for local areas and buildings were considered as “green” flood control measures. Relocating embankments to make “room” for river within the existing buildings is not possible, but some stream widening has been preserved within the Botanic Garden by local flood protection of the single buildings and the central part of the garden. Calculation showed that the central part of the city is protected from flooding by the existing dykes, except for a few areas that would be protected by local mobile barriers. It is not possible to create an exclusively “green” flood control measures in the urban area, but the further development of flood risks management must be directed to the concept of a sustainable city development with minimization of the negative environment impact.
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Výleta, Roman, Peter Rončák, Anna Liová, et al. "The testing of a multivariate probabilistic framework for reservoir safety evaluation and flood risks assessment in Slovakia: A study on the Parná and Belá Rivers." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 71, no. 4 (2023): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2023-0027.
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Abstract Intense floods represent a challenge to risk management. While they are multivariate in their nature, they are often studied in practice from univariate perspectives. Classical frequency analyses, which establish a relation between the peak flow or volume and the frequency of exceedance, may lead to improper risk estimations and mitigations. Therefore, it is necessary to study floods as multivariate stochastic events having mutually correlated characteristics, such as peak flood flow, corresponding volume and duration. The joint distribution properties of these characteristics play an important role in the assessment of flood risk and reservoir safety evaluation. In addition, the study of flood hydrographs is useful because of the inherent dependencies among their practice-relevant characteristics present on-site and in the regional records. This study aims to provide risk analysts with a consistent multivariate probabilistic framework using a copula-based approach. The framework respects and describes the dependence structures among the flood peaks, volumes, and durations of observed and synthetic control flood hydrographs. The seasonality of flood generation is respected by separate analyses of floods in the summer and winter seasons. A control flood hydrograph is understood as a theoretical/synthetic discharge hydrograph, which is determined by the flood peak with the chosen probability of exceedance, the corresponding volume, and the time duration with the corresponding probability. The framework comprises five steps: 1. Separation of the observed hydrographs, 2. Analysis of the flood characteristics and their dependence, 3. Modelling the marginal distributions, 4. A copula-based approach for modelling joint distributions of the flood peaks, volumes and durations, 5. Construction of synthetic flood hydrographs. The flood risk assessment and reservoir safety evaluation are described by hydrograph analyses and the conditional joint probabilities of the exceedance of the flood volume and duration conditioned on flood peak. The proposed multivariate probabilistic framework was tested and demonstrated based on data from two contrasting catchments in Slovakia. Based on the findings, the study affirms that the trivariate copula-based approach is a practical option for assessing flood risks and for reservoir safety.
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Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich, Knut Alfredsen, Dirk Carstensen, et al. "Assessing and Mitigating Ice-Jam Flood Hazards and Risks: A European Perspective." Water 15, no. 1 (2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010076.
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The assessment and mapping of riverine flood hazards and risks is recognized by many countries as an important tool for characterizing floods and developing flood management plans. Often, however, these management plans give attention primarily to open-water floods, with ice-jam floods being mostly an afterthought once these plans have been drafted. In some Nordic regions, ice-jam floods can be more severe than open-water floods, with floodwater levels of ice-jam floods often exceeding levels of open-water floods for the same return periods. Hence, it is imperative that flooding due to river ice processes be considered in flood management plans. This also pertains to European member states who are required to submit renewed flood management plans every six years to the European governance authorities. On 19 and 20 October 2022, a workshop entitled “Assessing and mitigating ice-jam flood hazard and risk” was hosted in Poznań, Poland to explore the necessity of incorporating ice-jam flood hazard and risk assessments in the European Union’s Flood Directive. The presentations given at the workshop provided a good overview of flood risk assessments in Europe and how they may change due to the climate in the future. Perspectives from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, and Poland were presented. Mitigation measures, particularly the artificial breakage of river ice covers and ice-jam flood forecasting, were shared. Advances in ice processes were also presented at the workshop, including state-of-the-art developments in tracking ice-floe velocities using particle tracking velocimetry, characterizing hanging dam ice, designing new ice-control structures, detecting, and monitoring river ice covers using composite imagery from both radar and optical satellite sensors, and calculating ice-jam flood hazards using a stochastic modelling approach.
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Vaishar, Antonín, Pavlína Hlavinková, Karel Kirchner, and Jan Lacina. "Long-Term Impacts of the 1997 Floods in the Morava River Basin." Geografie 105, no. 2 (2000): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2000105020141.
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In 1997 disastrous floods, unparalleled since meteorological and climatic measurements have been carried out, took place in the catchment of the Morava river and other Moravian rivers. The long-term impacts of the above-mentioned flood event on the landscape and society have been examined in four selected model areas with different natural and economic characteristics. Within the natural system, the long-term impacts include changes in riverbeds, landslides and changes in the biota. Within the social system, the most significant adverse impacts include the long-term damage to the psychical health of those affected by the flood. The main causes of the flood damage are connected with the formation of the settlement pattern during the period of industrialisation and urbanisation. The main methods of flood protection include the relocation of structures outside inundated areas, technical control and the adaptation to flood risks.
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Scrase, J. Ivan, and William R. Sheate. "Re-framing Flood Control in England and Wales." Environmental Values 14, no. 1 (2005): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096327190501400107.
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Traditionally floods have been understood to be acts of God or nature, with localised impacts afflicting those who choose to live or to invest capital in lowland and coastal locations. This central idea of causation, located outside human agency, survives somewhat precariously today, but is reflected in the lack of any right to protection from flooding in England and Wales. However in 1930 new legislation institutionalised a social framing of the impact of floods as part of a wider national problem. This related the interests of lowland agriculture and land drainage to the national economic and military interest. Modernising and expanding agricultural production was a political priority from the 1930s to the 1980s. The cost of preventing flooding and draining land was transferred from the affected landowners to the nation as a whole. River and coastal engineering was central to the new policy, and by the early 1970s much of the riverine and coastal environment was radically altered by flood defence structures and associated land drainage. As a result of food over-production and conflicts with conservation interests in the early 1980s, the emphasis has shifted from drainage to flood defence, while risk reduction and environmentalist values have also been promoted. The institutional arrangements from 1930 largely survive, however, and a new coherent social framing has failed to emerge. It is argued that for a risk-oriented framing to succeed, new assumptions about causation and a new ethical outlook are now needed. Emphasis on flood ‘control’ rather than ‘defence’, and a shift in priorities from economic benefits towards human rights and intrinsic value in nature are proposed as key elements in such a re-framing.
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Dewi, Q., and H. Ramdhani. "River Morphological Change and Sedimentation Countermeasures Analysis in Miu River." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1343, no. 1 (2024): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1343/1/012039.
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Abstract One major floods problem in Miu River is huge amount of sediment which transported along the river channel. The decreasing of river capacity has been analysed and some channel courses changes also detected. These problems caused river morphological change and it is necessary to find comprehensive solution which not only decreasing the flood damage but also consider appropriate approach to natural environment. The complexity of these problems and possible solutions to overcome flood and sedimentation problem were investigated. Increasing of river capacity by channel excavation, protecting riverbank with revetment and construction of sediment control facilities were proposed as main solution. However, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of these efforts by analysed sediment control facilities location and dimension of the structures. Some alternatives were investigated in order to find most effective solution to solve flood and sedimentation problem in Miu River.
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Mmopelwa, Gagoitseope, Ditiro B. Moalafhi, Wame L. Hambira, Masego Dhliwayo, and Abraham Motau. "The Impact of Flooding on the Community: A Case of Gweta and Zoroga Villages, Botswana." African Journal of Climate Change and Resource Sustainability 2, no. 1 (2023): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ajccrs.2.1.1360.
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Floods continue to cause devastating impacts on society, the economy, and the environment. In Botswana, the semi-arid climate makes the country more vulnerable to the effects of hydro-meteorological hazards. The villages of Gweta and Zoroga, located in the Central Tutume district in northeast Botswana have been experiencing flood events almost yearly during the rainy season, with the 2016/2017 being the most severe. The aim of this study was to assess the socio-economic impacts of these floods in the two villages and to map areas susceptible to flooding. A semi-structured questionnaire and a key informant guide were used to collect data from the heads of households. Participatory Geographical Information System was used to map areas vulnerable to flooding. The causes of flooding were increased rainfall intensities, coupled with a lack of flood control structures along the Maun-Nata highway. The devastating 2016/2017 floods caused damage to houses and other property and losses amounting to BWP18 482.58 (1US$=13.24 BWP) worth of cattle, BWP11 282.84 worth of goats and BWP1 314.22 worth of chicken
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Bandurin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich, Viktor Alekseevich Volosukhin, Igor Aleksandrovich Prikhodko, and Anna Sergeevna Romanova. "Improving measures to improve the hydrological regime of the Kuban water basin on the example of the Pshish River." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 25, 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i11pp9-14.
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The article discusses ways to improve the hydrological regime of the Pshish River in the Kuban water basin. An effective way to reduce damage from floods and floods is to use simulation mathematical models of floods, taking into account joint work, so in the context of a progressive shortage of fresh water, especially in southern Russia, studies of the water resources of the Kuban River basin, especially medium and small rivers, are of particular relevance. Hydrologically, the Pshish River and the Krasnodar Reservoir remain poorly studied, so when the time of flood comes, the level of the water's edge increases significantly, since they will be active feeding boundaries for groundwater in the protected area, and at low low water periods they are drains. When the water levels in the reservoir are less than 29 m, and this is the time of the period of low water level in the river. Pshish in the area of the low-pressure earth dam, and the impact of the water level on the protected area is significantly reduced. The coastline of the Krasnodar reservoir recedes from the transverse low-pressure dam far to the northwest, exposing the previously flooded river bed. Taking into account the emerging database on the real technical condition of hydraulic structures of the flood control system of the Lower Kuban, obtained using non-destructive methods and satellite technologies. Simulation mathematical modeling makes it possible to optimize the operating mode of spillways of the flood control system of the Lower Kuban, namely for a low-pressure earthen dam for summer and winter floods, for the conditions for the occurrence of congestion and the occurrence of surge phenomena on the river. All this makes it possible to develop specific anti-flood measures before, during and after the passage of the flood. The effectiveness of engineering flood protection largely depends on the technical condition of the flood control system in the Lower Kuban. Simulation mathematical modeling allows you to determine those parts of the system that require priority investment.
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Borhan, Jamil, Yousef Nasir, and Mostafa Javid. "Optimizing Spillway Capacity by Considering the Possibility of Flood Forecasting." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 12, no. 01 (2024): 999–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v12i01.ec01.
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As one of the most important and expensive hydraulic structures, dams are typically built in a multi-planar form, with flood control being one of their primary goals. Consequently, a specific portion of the reservoir volume is designated for flood control in dam construction projects. For safety reasons, this section must always be kept empty to prevent spillway in the event of a flood. If it is feasible to reduce or remove this volume without compromising the dam's safety, it can result in a significant reduction in costs. With the advancement of automatic flood warning systems, predicting the hydrograph and the timing of flood occurrences in the basin has become possible. This information can be utilized for dams equipped with such systems. Thus, in basins prone to flooding, it is possible to receive advance notice (pre-warning time) about the timing and volume of the impending flood. Consequently, a portion of the reservoir can be emptied in anticipation, creating a dedicated volume for flood control without the need to allocate a separate section of the reservoir or reducing the initially planned volume. An alternative perspective is that by implementing this strategy, a portion of the reservoir's volume serves dual purposes acting as water storage during normal times and as flood control volume during floods. This dual functionality contributes to a decrease in project costs, enhancing the economic justification for numerous projects. In this study, we investigated the method to achieve this objective and developed software that utilizes the aforementioned strategy to design spillway and determine the most economical option.
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Hamid, Eghbalian, Rezaei Shandiz Ruhollah, Behpour Elham, and Gheibi Mohammad. "Integrated Flood Management and Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study of Lorestan Province in Iran." Journal of Integrated Engineering and Applied Sciences 3, no. 1 (2025): 130–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14708554.
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Iran is one of the top ten countries in the world for the frequency of natural disasters, with floods being a frequent and destructive occurrence. In Lorestan Province, the complex interrelationships among dams, floods, and tourism offer both benefits and difficulties. Dams can provide recreational opportunities and are essential for managing water resources, but they can also harm tourism infrastructure and disturb natural habitats. Resilience and flexibility in the face of adversity, however, can demonstrate the potential of regional organizations. The terrible flood that occurred in February 2019 in Lorestan Province is the main topic of this investigation. Two short-term, high-yield technical solutions rubber dams and gabion dams are suggested in light of the province's high vulnerability to floods and the absence of focused flood management strategies. These buildings are suited to the unique circumstances of the province and provide quick construction, the use of regional resources, dependability, environmental friendliness, and possible tourism attractions. In order to improve performance and aesthetic appeal, a thorough flood control plan for Lorestan Province should incorporate aesthetic concepts into planning, take into account floods with different return durations, carry out flood zoning, and create cascading structures. This strategy fosters natural harmony and tourism potential in addition to reducing the risk of flooding
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Lako, Alfred, and Olsi Barko. "Design and optimisation of automated hydraulic gate control systems for flood control." Naukovij žurnal «Tehnìka ta energetika» 15, no. 4 (2024): 58–68. https://doi.org/10.31548/machinery/4.2024.58.
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The study was conducted to analyse the design and optimisation of automated hydraulic gate control systems for effective flood control. It used data analysis from water level sensors, modelling of hydraulic systems, and control algorithms to automate the monitoring of hydraulic locks. As a result of the study, key aspects that confirm the importance of automation of hydraulic gate control for effective flood control were identified. It was established that the introduction of radiofrequency and ultrasonic sensors for water level monitoring provided a high level of data accuracy, which allowed responding in a timely manner to rising water levels. Adaptive control algorithms allowed optimising the operation of gates in dynamic conditions, considering changes in hydrodynamic characteristics. In addition, analysis of gate stability showed that the use of modern materials, such as high-strength steels and composites, substantially increased their durability and corrosion resistance. This was an important factor in ensuring the reliable operation of structures in extreme conditions. The examined models of the dynamic behaviour of gates identified critical zones that are subject to special attention during design since they can be destroyed under the influence of hydrodynamic forces. Overall, the results of the study highlighted the importance of integrating modern technologies into the design of hydraulic systems to improve their functionality and reliability in flood-risk situations. The influence of vibrations and resonant phenomena on the gate structures was analysed, which allowed identifying possible risks for their stability in flood conditions. As a result, recommendations for gate design included structural improvements that help reduce dynamic loads and improve their ability to withstand extreme hydrodynamic conditions
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Mandarino, Andrea, Francesco Faccini, Fabio Luino, Barbara Bono, and Laura Turconi. "Integrated Approach for the Study of Urban Expansion and River Floods Aimed at Hydrogeomorphic Risk Reduction." Remote Sensing 15, no. 17 (2023): 4158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15174158.
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Urbanization in flood-prone areas is a critical issue worldwide. The historical floods, the urban expansion in terms of building footprint, the extent and construction period of inundated buildings with reference to two representative floods (5–6 November 1994 and 24–25 November 2016), and the ground effects and dynamics of these events were investigated in the cities of Garessio, Ceva, and Clavesana, along the Tanaro River (NW Italy). An integrated approach based on historical data analysis, photograph interpretation, field surveys, and GIS investigations was adopted, and novel metrics for quantitative analysis of urbanization and flood exposure at the individual-building scale were introduced. The considered cities were hit by damaging floods several times over the last centuries and experienced an increase in built-up surface after the mid-19th century, especially between the 1930s and 1994. The 1994 and 2016 high-magnitude floods highlighted that urban expansion largely occurred in flood-prone areas, and anthropogenic structures conditioned flood propagation. One of the rare Italian cases of the relocation of elements exposed to floods is documented. This research aims to emphasize the relevance of information on past floods and urbanization processes for land planning and land management and the need for land use planning for flood control to forbid new urban expansion in potentially floodable areas. The outcomes represent an essential knowledge base to define effective and sustainable management measures to mitigate hydrogeomorphic risk.
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Fitriani, D., M. Farid, H. Mahfudz, and Y. Suryadi. "Flood control simulation for disaster management in Wai Batu Merah River Basin." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 989, no. 1 (2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/989/1/012016.
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Abstract Ambon City, located in Maluku Island, experiences flood disaster every year. It has been considered that the flood in this city occurs more often compared to the other city in the same island. One of the river that is related to the flood occurrence in Ambon City is Wai Batu Merah River. This study aims to find appropriate structural measurement by using modelling simulation to control flood disaster in Wai Batu Merah River Basin. The modelling used HEC-RAS 5.0.7 software for coupled 1D and 2D hydraulic simulation. Flood discharge was calibrated by applying flood event in 2013. The SCS method was selected to generate flood hydrograph by using synthetic method. The records of water depth in the flood event were compared to the hydraulic model results and it showed good agreement. Based on the model, flood control scenarios i.e. normalization and dike were exercised for 25 year return period as required by government regulation. The combination of both scenarios can manage flood in Wai Batu Merah River Basin effectively. However it might need high cost to construct the structures. Therefore, it is necessary to have priority between the scenarios.
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Nurabriansyah, Rahman, Muhammad Syahril Badri Kusuma, and Arie Setiadi Moerwanto. "Analysis of Compound Flooding in the Cakung Drain Area, DKI Jakarta Province." E3S Web of Conferences 500 (2024): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450002016.
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Cakung Drain is an artificial river located downstream of the Cakung and Buaran Rivers, established as part of Jakarta's flood control infrastructure. Administratively, the upper section of Cakung Drain is located in East Jakarta, while the lower section is in North Jakarta. The current capacity of Cakung Drain is insufficient to handle the flow during flood conditions, leading to persistent flooding in the area. Flood conditions downstream of Cakung Drain are exacerbated by the potential for Compound Flood, resulting from the simultaneous occurrence of two extreme conditions. Various initiatives to manage floods have been implemented in the Cakung Drain area. This study aims to evaluate the flood risk in the Cakung Drain area before and after the implementation of flood management structures, considering the impact of discharge and tidal conditions downstream influenced by waves and storm surges. Flood modelling is executed using HECRAS software employing both 1D and 2D approaches. The study's findings reveal that the flooded area under existing conditions spans 7.065 km2. Under design conditions, flooding persists with an area of 4.15 km², attributed to flood overflow in downstream areas where embankments have not been constructed.
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Dazzi, Susanna, Riccardo Verbeni, Paolo Mignosa, and Renato Vacondio. "Simulation of Flood-Control Reservoirs: Comparing Fully 2D and 0D–1D Models." Hydrology 11, no. 11 (2024): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology11110180.
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Flood-control reservoirs are often used as a structural measure to mitigate fluvial floods, and numerical models are a fundamental tool for assessing their effectiveness. This work aims to analyze the suitability of fully 2D shallow-water models to simulate these systems by adopting internal boundary conditions to describe hydraulic structures (i.e., dams) and by using a parallelized code to reduce the computational burden. The 2D results are also compared with the more established approach of coupling a 1D model for the river and a 0D model for the reservoir. Two test cases, including an in-stream reservoir and an off-stream basin, both located in Italy, are considered. Results show that the fully 2D model can effectively handle the simulation of a complex flood-control system. Moreover, compared with the 0D–1D model, it captures the velocity field and the filling/emptying process of the reservoir more realistically, especially for off-stream reservoirs. Conversely, when the basin is characterized by very limited flood dynamics, the two approaches provide similar results (maximum levels in the reservoir differ by less than 10 cm, and peak discharges by about 5%). Thanks to parallelization and the inclusion of internal boundary conditions, fully 2D models can be applied not only for local hydrodynamic analyses but also for river-scale studies, including flood-control reservoirs, with reasonable computational effort (i.e., ratios of physical to computational times on the order of 30–100).
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Kim, Eungseok, and Seunghyun Lee. "Proposed Technique for Estimating Rainwater Storage Tank Locations Using Vulnerability Analysis of Critical Flooding Nodes." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 24, no. 5 (2024): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2024.24.5.293.
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Even if a pumping station, which is a representative structural flood defense facility, operates optimally, flooding occurs at certain nodes in the drainage area. In other words, even if rainwater pumping stations and rainwater storage tank, which are structural flood defense measures, operate at maximum, it is necessary to review areas where overflow occurs. Therefore, in areas where it is impossible to protect against inland flooding using structural flood defense measures alone, new flood defense measures are required. In this study, based on previous research on rainwater pumping station operation techniques to reduce critical flooding, the Daelim 3 region was divided into 45 basic areas and vulnerability analysis techniques were applied to select the location of rainwater storage tank for effective flood defense. A possible technique is presented in this paper. As a result of the study, sub-region 1 had the highest impact index value, so installing a rainwater storage tank was calculated to be more effective in preventing floods than installing a rainwater storage tank in other sub-regions. The priority-estimation technique for flood defense facilities presented in this study can be effective in establishing plans for flood control structures other than rainwater storage tank.
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Manfreda, Salvatore, Domenico Miglino, and Cinzia Albertini. "Impact of detention dams on the probability distribution of floods." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 7 (2021): 4231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4231-2021.
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Abstract. Detention dams are one of the most effective practices for flood mitigation. Therefore, the impact of these structures on the basin hydrological response is critical for flood management and the design of flood control structures. With the aim of providing a mathematical framework to interpret the effect of flow control systems on river basin dynamics, the functional relationship between inflows and outflows is investigated and derived in a closed form. This allowed the definition of a theoretically derived probability distribution of the peak outflows from in-line detention basins. The model has been derived assuming a rectangular hydrograph shape with a fixed duration and a random flood peak. In the present study, the undisturbed flood peaks are assumed to be Gumbel distributed, but the proposed mathematical formulation can be extended to any other flood-peak probability distribution. A sensitivity analysis of parameters highlighted the influence of detention basin capacity and rainfall event duration on flood mitigation on the probability distribution of the peak outflows. The mathematical framework has been tested using for comparison a Monte Carlo simulation where most of the simplified assumptions used to describe the dam behaviours are removed. This allowed demonstrating that the proposed formulation is reliable for small river basins characterized by an impulsive response. The new approach for the quantification of flood peaks in river basins characterized by the presence of artificial detention basins can be used to improve existing flood mitigation practices and support the design of flood control systems and flood risk analyses.
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Essam Saeid, Khalifa Eldursi, and Taoufik Al Trabelci. "Learning Lessons from Derna Dam Failures." Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences 25, no. 2 (2025): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v25i2.3845.
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The dams in Libya have been built primarily for flood control, as seen with the Wadi Darna, Wadi Mejenin, and Wadi Qattarah Dams, as well as for supplying water to agricultural regions, including the Wadi Mejenin, Wadi Kaam, and Wadi Qattarah Dams. However, the effectiveness of these structures in managing floods and providing agricultural water has been inadequate. A recent example of this is the devastating dam failures at Wadi Derna, when the dams did not protect the city but instead the flood was made worse. Nevertheless, the destructive "Storm Daniel" event that struck northeastern Libya recently exceeded even the rainfall's dam design capability. Additionally, the dams' long-term flows and rainfall should be re-evaluated, and the size of the spillway and gates should be confirmed to determine whether the structures could sustain more severe floods like Daniel. The failure of the Derna and Abu Mansour dams offers significant insights for enhancing dam safety in Libya, particularly concerning the nine large dams. It is essential to assess all Libyan dams regarding their design, safety measures, and structural integrity to avert similar catastrophic incidents both in Libya and worldwide. It is essential to establish early warning systems to mitigate the impact of natural disasters. Creating flood hazard and risk maps in areas susceptible to flooding, particularly in seasonal wadis, which will serve as a foundation for developing future flood risk management strategies.
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Oyebode, O. J., and F. Paul. "Flood Mitigation and Pollution Abatement in Kaduna Metropolis Through Engineering Assessment and Analytical Hierarchy Process Design." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 22, no. 2 (2023): 789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i02.021.
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Pollution abatement and flood control activities require effective water resource planning, engineering assessment, sophisticated technology, and appropriate hydraulic structure designs. This paper x-rays flood mitigation and pollution abatement strategies that can be adopted in the Kaduna metropolis in Nigeria. Analytical hierarchy process of design, questionnaires, engineering assessment approach, and standard method for estimation of the runoff discharge was adopted for this research. Estimating water balance components and QSWAT Hydrological Model can be used with the QGIS interface for a greener environment. Suitable hydraulic systems were designed for long-term flood control in the River Kaduna catchment area through an analytic hierarchy Process. Statistical analysis, manning equations, and rational methods were utilized for adequate assessment and planning. The hydraulic discharge capacity of culverts, open channels, and other hydraulic structures was carefully checked. Flooding greatly impacts infrastructural development, and inadequate drainage systems contribute to it. Mitigation strategies, adequate water resource planning, and management will greatly benefit from addressing flood-related issues in the study area. This research provides information on the flood vulnerability of infrastructures and mitigation strategies that can be adopted in the study area. Viable policies and management strategies can be utilized to avert losses traceable to floods in developing and developed countries.
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Karle, Kenneth F., William W. Emmett, and Nancy Moore. "Analysis of 11 Bioengineered Stream Bank Erosion Control Structures in Alaska." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1941, no. 1 (2005): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105194100115.
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This paper reports the results of a study of the use of bioengineered erosion control structures on Alaskan streams and rivers. Field investigations of hydraulic and vegetation conditions at 11 study sites around the state of Alaska were conducted to determine the performance of these structures. Root wads, live staking, brush layering, and coir logs were the primary bioengineering methods used for erosion control at the study sites. A one-dimensional numerical computer model was applied at each site to estimate the magnitude of average bed and bank shear stresses (tractive force) apparent to the erosion control structures at the 50- and 100-year design flood levels. Discharge records and field flood indicators were checked to correlate structure condition to flow history. Damage at existing structures was attributed to flowing ice, undermining of toe protection, buoyancy effects, and failure of construction fabrics. Root wad structures in good condition were located in areas with high boat wake occurrence but low channel tractive forces. The findings of the study suggest that the types of bioengineered erosion control structures studied have not been proven to offer reliable bank erosion protection during flooding conditions on channels with high tractive forces.
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Richardson, John, and Pamela Waterman. "Stemming the Flood." Mechanical Engineering 133, no. 07 (2011): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2011-jul-1.
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This article discusses measures being taken by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to protect New Orleans from future flood events. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is redesigning and upgrading the 350-mile network of linked levees, floodwalls, gates, and pumps in the New Orleans area. The Corps of Engineers’ plan for New Orleans flood control involves upgrading some existing structures such as levees and floodwalls and adding some new risk-reduction features, two of which are movable gates. The proposed Bayou Bienvenue Gate will sit near the junction of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway and the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet to keep floodwater away from the southern end of the Industrial Canal. The Seabrook Gate will span the northern end of the Industrial Canal where it meets Lake Pontchartrain. By preventing storm surges from entering the Industrial Canal, these gates will protect a densely populated residential and commercial area. However, the presence of the new gates will change day-to-day current patterns in ways that could impact existing structures and use.
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Oluwadare, Joshua OYEBODE. "Strategy for Tackling Flood and Water Scarcity for Adequate Water Supply and Public Health in Nigeria." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 5, no. 8 (2018): 656–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10716885.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Remedial and Management strategies of flood control include the construction of structures for irrigation and the use of excess run-off water for inter-basin transfer as an alternative to absorb excess water from the soil. Losses due to floods reduce the asset base of households, communities and societies through the destruction of standing crops, dwellings, infrastructure, machinery and buildings, in addition to tragic loss of life. The aim of this research is to obtain strategy for tackling flood and water security for adequate water supply and public health in Nigeria. The net benefits from flood plains was highlighted in order to reduce flood risks and minimize loss of human life due to flooding in a sustainable manner. Ground water flooding occurs as a result of water rising up from the underlying rocks or from water flowing from abnormal springs. This tends to occur after much longer period of sustained high rainfall. Recommendations given in this paper can serve as a strategy for tackling flood issues.
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Kürkçüoğlu, A. Cihat, Kasım Yenigün, and Mustafa S. Yazgan. "The Justinian system: one of the oldest flood control facilities in the world." Water Supply 13, no. 3 (2013): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.015.
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In ancient times, the city of Urfa suffered serious flood disasters due to the Karakoyun river which surrounded the city on the north and west sides. In order to prevent the recurrence of such disasters, in 525, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian had built a huge wall of stone (Justinian wall) to the northwest of the city that conducted the river to the north and east walls of the city. He also constructed an artificial channel and three bridges which are known as the Justinian system. This system has been used by the many civilizations that have occupied the city, since the 6th century. Each civilization added some new water structures to the system and carried out some renovations to it. The system, being still in use, defended the city against moderate size floods and survived for 1,500 years. In this paper, the Justinian system is evaluated from the hydraulic point of view together with its ongoing functionality. It is interesting that although the cultural structures of the civilizations settled in the city do not have the same characteristics, the water structures have similar features in terms of hydraulic and architectural perspectives.
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Marasabessy, Syamsudin, Silwanus Matheus Talakua, Adelina Siregar, and Rafael Marthinus Osok. "ANALISIS DEBIT RENCANA UNTUK PERENCANAAN BANGUNAN PENGENDALI BANJIR DI DAS WAI RUATA KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH." MAKILA 18, no. 2 (2024): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/makila.v18i2.14006.
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The high rainfall, rapid urbanization, and the presence of impermeable surfaces have drastically increased surface runoff, overwhelming river systems with high water volumes. Changes in land use and rapid population growth further escalate flood risks. Analyzing planned discharge rates and flood control building planning becomes urgent to mitigate losses and risks caused by floods in the Wai Ruata watershed. Calculations indicate that for the Q100 Log Normal (2475.17 m3/s, the channel height is 2.50302 m, closely approximating public information (2.5 m), with a difference of 0.00302 m or 0.302 cm. This suggests that the calculated maximum flood water level based on planned discharge analysis using the rational method for Log Normal probability of 2.503 m is reasonably accurate. It can serve as a reference for flood control building design heights, potentially lasting around 100 years in the Wai Ruata watershed. Planned flood discharges in the Wai Ruata watershed are as follows: for a 2-year return period, 505.80 m3/s (Gumbel), 449.27 m3/s (Log Normal), 462.56 m3/s (Log-Pearson Type III); for a 50-year return period, 1868.80 m3/s (Gumbel), 2016.26 m3/s (Log-Normal), and 1837.18 m3/s (Log-Pearson); and for a 100-year return period, 2137.98 m3/s (Gumbel), 2475.17 m3/s (Log-Normal), 2166.93 m3/s (Log-Pearson). Gumbel planned flood discharge data can be used for a 25-year lifespan of water structures, whereas for a 100-year lifespan, Log-Normal planned flood discharge is more suitable.
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Qazi, Tehmina Fiaz, Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi, Maryam Aziz, and Abdul Basit. "Explicating the Causes of Frequent Floods in Pakistan: A Structural Modeling and Analysis." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 13, no. 2 (2024): 1309–20. https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00549.
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Aim of study is explicating the causes of frequent floods in Pakistan. Overall design of the study comprises of relevant literature review, primary data collection and structural modelling & analysis of the phenomena. The method of modelling is ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) and method of analysis is MICMAC (cross impact matrix multiplication applied to classification). The population under study comprises the folk stakeholders of the phenomenon. The sampling design is purposive (i.e. a focus group consisting of a panel of experts) and the sample size is eleven experts (a medium-sized panel). Results of modeling show that causes namely: changes in land use, poor waste management, slums along rivers, erosion and sedimentation, improper flood control systems, river physiography, high rainfall, inadequate river capacity, water structures, land subsidence, damage to flood control structures, poor drainage system fall at Level I (the top level), therefore, are least critical. The causes namely: effects of high tides, lack of discipline among people, glacial melt fall at Level II (middle level) therefore are moderate critical. The cause namely: deforestation falls at Level III (the bottom level) therefore is the most critical. The scale-centric MICMAC analysis shows that all the causes are categorized in the linkage quadrant and the independent, dependent, and autonomous quadrants are empty. The data-centric MICMAC analysis shows that the effects of high tides, glacial melt, and deforestation fall in the independent quadrant. The erosion sedimentation and river physiography fall in the dependent quadrant. The changes in land use, poor waste management, improper flood control systems, slums along rivers, high rainfall, land subsidence, inadequate river capacity, water structures, lack of discipline among people, damage to flood control structures, and poor drainage system categorized in the linkage fall in the linkage quadrant, whereas, the autonomous quadrant is empty. The results of MICMAC analysis implicitly corroborate the results of modeling. It is an original valuable study because it is based on first-hand real experimental data collected by authors who have hands on job of data collection for decades. It also uses unique and different methodologies to collect data, perform modeling and analysis. This methodology is simple, unique, and understandable by a wide range of stakeholders. Its results are also logical and realistic that correspond to ground realities.
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Velychko, Svitlana, Olena Dupliak, and Tetiana Kurbanova. "SLOPE STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE UPSTREAM SLOPE OF THE DRY MOUNTAIN FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIR DURING THE FLOOD." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 37 (December 12, 2021): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2021.37.4-12.
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The flood control is one of the priority goal for successful economic activity on the areas that are periodically suffer from floods. Such areas are the mountainous regions of the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains. Floods on the mountain rivers are repeated several times each year, and are characterized by the sudden water level rise with almost the same rapid decrease of the water level. Active flood protection measures include dry mountain flood control reservoirs, the principle of which is to transform part of the flood runoff and to accumulate water for the short time in the the artificial reservoir, with followed rapid emptying to the minimum level. The complex hydraulic regime is formed in the body of the dam which forms the flood control reservoir during the flood, that is different from the operation of the water permanent reservoir. The design of the flood control structures is car-ried out in accordance with Ukrainian building codes for the construction of the water reservoirs with constant water level, and require testing the stability of the downstream slope for the maximum water levels under steady state seepage conditions and assessment the upstream slope stability during the water level decreasing from the maximum level calculated in the steady state condition, these calculations do not correspond to the real seepage processes in the body of the dam of the dry flood control reservoir. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to determine the necessary boundary conditions of the flood control reservoir operation and upstream slope stability assessment by the limit equilibrium method. In the article the operation of the dry mountain flood control reservoir was analysed and found that the dam was characterized by two states: dry reservoir with water minimum water level and variable position of the seepage curve in the core and the upstream prism during the flood. The main factors influencing the upstream slope stability are the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the laying of the slope, the period of time when the high-water level is maintained and the intensity of water level dropping. The upstream slope stability was evaluated by the Morgenstern & Price and Ordinary methods on the Slope/w software package. After the first 25 hours of the flood (period of high-water levels and the next water level dropping) the Safety Factor evaluated by limit equilibrium methods began to decrease, and reached the minimum value during the greatest seepage curve gradients at the time between 45 and 50 hours. Slope stability calculations by the limit equilibrium method were compared with the results of calculations performed by the SRM method, the values of the Safety Factor and the way of their change during the flood evaluated by Ordinary and SRM methods almost coincide, which indicates the reliability of the results obtained by different methods of slope stability analysis
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Fister, Vincent, Benoît Losson, Sébastien Lebaut, Emmanuel Gille, and Luc Manceau. "Crues et structures souterraines de drainage des plateaux jurassiques du Nord-Est de la France." Karstologia : revue de karstologie et de spéléologie physique 61, no. 1 (2013): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.3406/karst.2013.2737.
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Floods and underground structures of drainage of the jurassic plateaus of the Northeast of France. The hydrodynamic functioning of an outlet during floods is governed by the external precipitation forcing and internal control imposed by the drainage structure. Observe and analyze the floods returns to "zoom in" on the drainage characteristics of the monitored systems and, consequently, to refine the understanding of water circulations. It is in this perspective that we decided to follow up hydroclimatic and geochemical variables during various floods the level of four outlets in order to identify and quantify the components of the flow in the low limestones plateaus of the Northeast of France. Through characteristics times, types of water and volumes that illustrate the propagation of the flood wave during hydrological crisis, this is the organization of the rainfall-runoff relationship in the underground drainage structures that is seen at a fine scale. Following the analyses, two types of hydrodynamic behavior are identified : -in the case where the outlet is supplied in part by rapid infiltration morphologies. Infiltration is concentred and benefits to the drainage structuring in unsaturated zone and satured zone. The karst porosity is proved by sudden hydrogeochemical variations during major rainfall ; -in the case where the outlet is exclusively supplied by diffuse infiltration. The structures of drainage are not very functional, and flood processes are very slow in response to horizontal and vertical transits which occur in narrow discontinuities systems.
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Zhang, Yan Wei. "Assessment of Change in Flood Disasters over Xinjiang, China." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1285.
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Analyses of climate disasters were conducted using data on the flood-damaged areas of cropland, the annual number of flood disasters and the direct economic losses in Xinjiang. There is an increasing trend in flood disasters in Xinjiang during the second half of the 20th century, especially since the mid-1980s. In addition, siltation of reservoirs and loss of flood control structures are partly responsible for the increase of flood-damaged area. These results suggest that the increasing trend in flood disasters in Xinjiang since the middle 1980s could be attributed, at least in part, to an increasing trend in annual precipitation.
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Yangiev, Asror, Dilmurat Adjimuratov, Sherzod Panjiev, Shokhrukh Azizov, and Sarafroz Primova. "Research of floods in the mountains and foothill areas of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 590 (2024): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459002009.
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The article examines the rising frequency of extreme weather events linked to global climate change, particularly noting an increase in flash floods and peak flow rates over the last decade. To conduct the analysis, mathematical and statistical techniques were employed, followed by field data collection and comparative calculations of the measurements obtained. The findings reveal a clear correlation between the rise in flooding incidents and global climate change. In Uzbekistan, the mudflow-active watersheds cover an area of 53,770 km², representing 12% of the nation’s total land area. There are 709 mudflow-active waterways, and 858 national and other economic structures are situated within flood-prone zones. Additionally, the impacts of climate change and natural disasters extend across borders and are influenced by the management of natural resources. Flood-related damages tend to be substantial, but they can be significantly mitigated through well-organized flood control measures based on scientific principles, such as assessing flood hazards in developed mountainous areas and implementing effective preventive and warning measures, including the establishment of flood hazard warning services. Thus, to effectively prevent disasters, it is essential to establish cross-border monitoring and early warning systems.
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Sujana, Fredy Riandy, Ana Nurganah Chaidar, and Waluyo Hatmoko. "Study on the Impact of Land Use Changes Caused by IKN Development on Sanggai River Flood Discharge." E3S Web of Conferences 500 (2024): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450002019.
Full textAbstract:
In 2019, President Joko Widodo implemented a political policy to relocate the capital of the Republic of Indonesia from DKI Jakarta to Penajam Paser Utara Regency and Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Construction has commenced and will be executed in several stages until 2045. The primary development stage will concentrate on the Central Government Core Area (KIPP). The relocation of the National Capital poses several potential problems, one being the risk of inundation and flooding. The government aims to minimize this risk by creating green areas covering up to 70% of the total area of IKN. Additionally, the government is constructing flood control infrastructure, including retention ponds, check dams, bottom controllers, and other structures. One of the rivers that flows through KIPP is the Sanggai River, covering a catchment area of 19.3 km2 with a river length of 9.8 km. This research will discuss the impact of IKN development on the Sanggai River Catchment Area, focusing on proposed changes in land use and alterations in flood discharge within this river. Furthermore, the study will investigate the influence of constructing flood control buildings (retention ponds and bottom controllers) using modeling on HEC-RAS. The objective of this research is to assess the effectiveness of flood control structures and estimate the potential for flood inundation.
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Shen, Jianming, Moyuan Yang, Juan Zhang, Nan Chen, and Binghua Li. "A New Custom Deep Learning Model Coupled with a Flood Index for Multi-Step-Ahead Flood Forecasting." Hydrology 12, no. 5 (2025): 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology12050104.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate and prompt flood forecasting is essential for effective decision making in flood control to help minimize or prevent flood damage. We propose a new custom deep learning model, IF-CNN-GRU, for multi-step-ahead flood forecasting that incorporates the flood index (IF) to improve the prediction accuracy. The model integrates convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and gated recurrent neural networks (GRUs) to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of hydrological data, while using a custom recursive neural network that adjusts the neural unit output at each moment based on the flood index. The IF-CNN-GRU model was applied to forecast floods with a lead time of 1–5 d at the Baihe hydrological station in the middle reaches of the Han River, China, accompanied by an in-depth investigation of model uncertainty. The results showed that incorporating the flood index IF improved the forecast precision by up to 20%. The analysis of uncertainty revealed that the contributions of modeling factors, such as the datasets, model structures, and their interactions, varied across the forecast periods. The interaction factors contributed 17–36% of the uncertainty, while the contribution of the datasets increased with the forecast period (32–53%) and that of the model structure decreased (32–28%). The experiment also demonstrated that data samples play a critical role in improving the flood forecasting accuracy, offering actionable insights to reduce the predictive uncertainty and providing a scientific basis for flood early warning systems and water resource management.
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Oliver, Julien, Ole Larsen, Mads Rasmussen, Erickson Lanuza, and Avinash Chakravarthy. "Understanding Flood Risks for Better Planning and Resilience: Novel Stochastic Models and Methods for South-East Asia." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 2 (2015): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0308.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout history, human beings have been attracted to waterfront living. Today, most residents live in cities, most of which, in turn, are built on flood plains and in coastal areas – areas often threatened by floods. Physical changes to the environment have changed the response of catchments and rivers to heavy rainfall. Despite attempts to control the size of floods, economic growth – especially as experienced in Asia – has led to an explosion in exposure to floods. The most integrated, cost-effective method for disaster reduction and prevention requires that risk be assessed purposefully and adequately. Disaster risk is captured in two major components: occurrence probability and event intensity and reach, and its consequences. Understanding the risks associated with floods in Asia has been hindered by the complexity of flood dynamics in large river basins and in existing or unreliable datasets. With calculation power increasingly available, the development of flexible modeling systems and the appearance of new datasets, so-called probabilistic flood models can now be developed for large areas to quantify risks. A flexible modeling framework has been developed at DHI to better characterize flood plains and complex hydraulic systems in datapoor and highly exposed areas in Asia. The model relies on automated processes merging freely available datasets such as HydroSHEDS, WorldPop, crowd-sourced data available in OpenStreet Map and Landsat 7 and 8 satellite imagery. The combination of spatial data sources provides opportunities to optimize the hydrodynamic model domain and to improve the lowresolution digital elevation model. Such methods enhance flood hazard information conventionally derived from deterministic models by taking a full probabilistic approach considering source loading conditions, e.g., weather events and sea level rise, and the performance of existing and planned mitigation measures and failures of control structures such as dykes. With risks better quantified, new opportunities arise for cost-effective mitigation and resilience measures and for the development of novel risk transfer schemes through the use of insurance and capital markets.
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Ratkovich, Lev Danilovich. "Simulation of the maximum flow hydrograph as a part of the problem of flood transformation through a hydraulic system." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 5 (2023): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2023-5-66-72.
Full textAbstract:
Modeling ofthe maximum flow hydrographs during spring flood is interpretedas part of a more general task as extreme floods transit throw spillway structures accounting the cutting of maxima in flood control reservoirs. A general statement of the problem related to solving the problem of floods and related economic and environmental damages requiring carrying out complex compensatory and protective water management and hydraulic engineering measures is formulated. The solution of the general problem is not considered, but the authors’ link to the relevant publications is given. The presence of important infrastructure facilities, industrial enterprises and agricultural land can significantly reduce the class of structures. The method of modeling a maximum hydrograph using the Pearson type I differential distribution function for the cases of single-peak and two-peak hydrographs is proposed. Taking into account previous studies of research, the coefficients of completeness of hydrograph form and asymmetry are accepted as criteria for the correspondence of full-scale and simulated hydrographs. A theoretical justification is given and formulas are derived for the functions of maximum flow and flood volumes depending on time. The modeling algorithm is implemented in an Excel environment using built-in statistical beta distribution functions and an optimization procedure “solver”. Excel program is presented for a set of average parameter values, outlines of hydrographs are constructed depending on the shape coefficient, as well as nomograms of the relationship of the asymmetry coefficient with the shape coefficient depending on the ratio of the maximum flow rate and the volume of the flood. Methodology for a two-peak hydrograph is also considered, which is illustrated by the example of the Sursky hydroelectric complex on the Sura River.
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Schielen, Ralph, Bert Voortman, and Tjeerd Driessen. "Balancing river restoration measures around a river bifurcation: A case study from the Netherlands." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 06019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184006019.
Full textAbstract:
The Rhine River in the Netherlands still has some characteristics of a delta, although the river is extremely engineered and confined between dikes. An important characteristic are the bifurcation points where the river bifurcates into different branches. The discharge partitioning at the bifurcates is predefined, as this is an important element for the protection of the downstream branches. Adjustable control structures in the vicinity of the bifurcation point facilitate this setting. In order to mitigate higher discharges due to climate change, measures in the floodplains to reduce flood levels are projected. In the planning process, it is important to maintain the discharge partitioning and to guarantee a setting of the control structure such that some control space is left. This can be done by balancing measures. A measure which lowers the flood levels on one branch, should be balanced by another measure on the other branch in order to maintain the correct settings. This requires a careful planning process and careful considerations between flood level lowering and settings of the control structures.