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Journal articles on the topic 'Flood mitigation'
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1
Takeuchi, Kuniyoshi, Ali Chavoshian, and Shinji Egashira. "Flood Management and Flood Disaster Mitigation Measures." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0533.
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The 5th International Conference on Flood Management (ICFM5) was held on September 27-29, 2011 in Tokyo under the umbrella title “Floods: from risk to opportunity” focused on flood management and disaster mitigation measures in its plenary, oral, and poster sessions. Out of over 250 presented papers, 120 manuscripts – far more than expected – were contributed for post-publication in the Journal of Flood Risk Management, the IAHS Red Book and the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR). Editorial staff members of the JDR, which was independent of ICFM5, attended the conference to survey research activities in related study fields and to announce JDR strategies to participants. The ICHARM scientific committee supervising ICFM5 post-publications is well acquainted with JDR, which is one of the reasons for agreeing on this special issue. The 13 manuscripts presented for consideration by JDR concern the following topics: – Flood forecasting – Basic tools for evaluating inundation flows – Flood management practices and policies – Flood plain management – Relations between human activities and floods These topics range from novel studies to public statements and have been reviewed as papers, reviews, and survey reports. This resulted in 9 papers recommended for the special issue – 4 topics for papers, 1 topic for review, and 4 topics for reports. We thank the authors for their contributions and revisions and the reviewers for their invaluable comments. We also thank the ICHARM committee members for introducing authors to special publications for JDR.
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Brilly, M., and M. Polic. "Public perception of flood risks, flood forecasting and mitigation." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 3 (April 18, 2005): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-345-2005.
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Abstract. A multidisciplinary and integrated approach to the flood mitigation decision making process should provide the best response of society in a flood hazard situation including preparation works and post hazard mitigation. In Slovenia, there is a great lack of data on social aspects and public response to flood mitigation measures and information management. In this paper, two studies of flood perception in the Slovenian town Celje are represented. During its history, Celje was often exposed to floods, the most recent serious floods being in 1990 and in 1998, with a hundred and fifty return period and more than ten year return period, respectively. Two surveys were conducted in 1997 and 2003, with 157 participants from different areas of the town in the first, and 208 in the second study, aiming at finding the general attitude toward the floods. The surveys revealed that floods present a serious threat in the eyes of the inhabitants, and that the perception of threat depends, to a certain degree, on the place of residence. The surveys also highlighted, among the other measures, solidarity and the importance of insurance against floods.
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Bubeck, P., W. J. W. Botzen, H. Kreibich, and J. C. J. H. Aerts. "Long-term development and effectiveness of private flood mitigation measures: an analysis for the German part of the river Rhine." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 11 (November 26, 2012): 3507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-3507-2012.
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Abstract. Flood mitigation measures implemented by private households have become an important component of contemporary integrated flood risk management in Germany and many other countries. Despite the growing responsibility of private households to contribute to flood damage reduction by means of private flood mitigation measures, knowledge on the long-term development of such measures, which indicates changes in vulnerability over time, and their effectiveness, is still scarce. To gain further insights into the long-term development, current implementation level and effectiveness of private flood mitigation measures, empirical data from 752 flood-prone households along the German part of the Rhine are presented. It is found that four types of flood mitigation measures developed gradually over time among flood-prone households, with severe floods being important triggers for an accelerated implementation. At present, still a large share of respondents has not implemented a single flood mitigation measure, despite the high exposure of the surveyed households to floods. The records of household's flood damage to contents and structure during two consecutive flood events with similar hazard characteristics in 1993 and 1995 show that an improved preparedness of the population led to substantially reduced damage during the latter event. Regarding the efficiency of contemporary integrated flood risk management, it is concluded that additional policies are required in order to further increase the level of preparedness of the flood-prone population. This especially concerns households in areas that are less frequently affected by flood events.
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S.Ferreira, Carla, Sandra Mourato, Milica Kasanin-Grubin, António J.D. Ferreira, Georgia Destouni, and Zahra Kalantari. "Effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions in Mitigating Flood Hazard in a Mediterranean Peri-Urban Catchment." Water 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102893.
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Urbanization alters natural hydrological processes and enhances runoff, which affects flood hazard. Interest in nature-based solutions (NBS) for sustainable mitigation and adaptation to urban floods is growing, but the magnitudes of NBS effects are still poorly investigated. This study explores the potential of NBS for flood hazard mitigation in a small peri-urban catchment in central Portugal, prone to flash floods driven by urbanization and short but intense rainfall events typical of the Mediterranean region. Flood extent and flood depth are assessed by manually coupling the hydrologic HEC-HMS and hydraulic HEC-RAS models. The coupled model was run for single rainfall events with recurrence periods of 10–, 20–, 50–, and 100–years, considering four simulation scenarios: current conditions (without NBS), and with an upslope NBS, a downslope NBS, and a combination of both. The model-simulation approach provides good estimates of flood magnitude (NSE = 0.91, RMSE = 0.08, MAE = 0.07, R2 = 0.93), and shows that diverting streamflow into abandoned fields has positive impacts in mitigating downslope flood hazard. The implementation of an upslope NBS can decrease the water depth at the catchment outlet by 0.02 m, whereas a downslope NBS can reduce it from 0.10 m to 0.23 m for increasing return periods. Combined upslope and downslope NBS have a marginal additional impact in reducing water depth, ranging from 0.11 m to 0.24 m for 10– and 100–year floods. Decreases in water depth provided by NBS are useful in flood mitigation and adaptation within the peri-urban catchment. A network of NBS, rather than small isolated strategies, needs to be created for efficient flood-risk management at a larger scale.
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Houston, Donald, Tom Ball, Alan Werritty, and Andrew R. Black. "Social Influences on Flood Preparedness and Mitigation Measures Adopted by People Living with Flood Risk." Water 13, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 2972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13212972.
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This paper aims to analyse evidence, based on one of the largest and most representative samples of households previously flooded or living with flood risk to date, of social patterns in a range of flood resilience traits relating to preparedness prior to a flood (e.g., property adaptations, contents insurance, etc.) and mitigations enacted during and immediately following a flood (e.g., receiving a warning, evacuation into temporary accommodation, etc.). The data were collected from a 2006 survey of 1223 households from a variety of locations across Scotland between one and twelve years after major local floods. Our analysis identifies remarkably few social differences in flood preparedness and mitigation measures, although some aspects of demography, housing and length of residence in an area, as well as personal flood history, are important. In light of this finding, we argue that social differences in vulnerability and resilience to flooding arise from deep-seated socio-economic and socio-spatial inequalities that affect exposure to flood risk and ability to recover from flood impacts. The engrained, but well-meaning, assumption in flood risk management that impoverished households and communities are lacking or deficient in flood preparedness or mitigation knowledge and capabilities is somewhat pejorative and misses fundamental, yet sometimes invisible, social stratifications play out in subtle but powerful ways to affect households’ and communities’ ability to avoid and recover from floods. We argue that general poverty and inequality alleviation measures, such as tax and welfare policy and urban and community regeneration schemes, are likely to be as, if not more, important in alleviating social inequalities in the long-term impacts of floods than social targeting of flood risk management policy.
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Gupta, Himadri Sen, Omar M. Nofal, Andrés D. González, Charles D. Nicholson, and John W. van de Lindt. "Optimal Selection of Short- and Long-Term Mitigation Strategies for Buildings within Communities under Flooding Hazard." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 9812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169812.
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Every year, floods cause substantial economic losses worldwide with devastating impacts on buildings and physical infrastructures throughout communities. Techniques are available to mitigate flood damage and subsequent losses, but the ability to weigh such strategies with respect to their benefits from a community resilience perspective is limited in the literature. Investing in flood mitigation is critical for communities to protect the physical and socioeconomic systems that depend on them. While there are multiple mitigation options to implement at the building level, this paper focuses on determining the optimal flood mitigation strategy for buildings to minimize flood losses within a community. In this research, a mixed integer linear programming model is proposed for studying the effects and trade-offs associated with pre-event short-term and long-term mitigation strategies to minimize the expected economic losses associated with floods. The capabilities of the proposed model are illustrated for Lumberton, North Carolina (NC), a small, socially diverse inland community on the Lumber River. The mathematically optimal building-level flood mitigation plan is provided based on the available budget, which can significantly minimize the total expected direct economic loss of the community. The results reveal important correlations among investment quantity, building-level short- and long-term mitigation measures, flood depths of various locations, and buildings’ structure. Additionally, this study shows the trade-offs between short- and long-term mitigation measures based on available budget by providing decision support to building owners regarding mitigation measures for their buildings.
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Yushanthi, Yogachchandiran, and K. W. G. Rekha Nianthi K.W.G. Rekha Nianthi. "Human Response to Flood Disaster in Kandawalai in Kilinochchi District in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Disaster Management 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/ijdm.v4i2.20581.
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The flood is one of the extreme weather events in the world. In Sri Lanka, it is a major natural disaster and mainly occurs in the South-West and the North-East monsoon seasons. The human response strategies are explained in the concepts of disaster management cycle in PRE and POST stages. People do not satisfactorily respond during these stages in the study area. There have been no systematic studies conducted on how people are responding before, during, and after the flood in Kandawalai. The main objective of this study was to examine the human responses in PRE flood situations (mitigation and preparedness). This study selected three GN divisions. Questionnaires, surveys, and interviews were carried out to collect primary data and information. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. Some preparedness and mitigations were undertaken by the Disaster Management Centre (DMC) in Kilinochchi during the PRE flood stage. The community has been using very simple mitigations for minimizing floods. Only 43% of them participated in the awareness programs on how to evacuate the flood areas and how to react to the early warning system. 57% of respondents mentioned that the flood impact can be reduced through better structural mitigation strategies. 10% of the respondents recommended controlling the illegal activities of sewage disposal and soil mining in the Kanakarayan River. The PRE-flood activities should be considered by relevant stakeholders together with the community participation, but the government has the main responsible to mitigate the impacts of floods in this particular area.
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Susmindari, Susanti. "FLOOD DISASTER MITIGATION IN SONE DISTRICT, TANAH BUMBU REGENCY, SOUTH KALIMANTAN AS A SOURCE FOR LEARNING IPS CLASS VII." JURNAL SOCIUS 11, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/js.v11i2.8563.
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AbstrakFlood disasters that occur in Satui District almost occur every year, in 2019 there were six villages affected by flooding in Satui District, the purpose of this study was to find out the causes of floods that occurred in Satui District, and the efforts of the government and the community in minimizing the risk of loss in dealing with floods. flood disaster or better known as disaster mitigation. Mitigation activities include preparation before a disaster occurs, handling when a disaster occurs, evacuating residents affected by floods, and socializing disaster mitigation after a flood which can be socialized through social studies education that specifically discusses social issues. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include; interviews, observations and documentation of data analysis starting from reduction, presentation, and verification. The results of the study illustrate that the flood disaster that occurred in Satui District, Tanah Bumbu Regency is caused because it is a lowland if high rainfall will cause flooding, the government's efforts in implementing mitigation have not been maximized so it is necessary to disseminate information to the community by making flood disaster mitigation a learning resource for social studies class. VII junior high school level.
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Phinyoyang, Athiwat, and Suwit Ongsomwang. "Optimizing Land Use and Land Cover Allocation for Flood Mitigation Using Land Use Change and Hydrological Models with Goal Programming, Chaiyaphum, Thailand." Land 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121317.
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Floods represent one of the most severe natural disasters threatening the development of human society worldwide, including in Thailand. In recent decades, Chaiyaphum province has experienced a problem with flooding almost every year. In particular, the flood in 2010 caused property damage of 495 million Baht, more than 322,000 persons were affected, and approximately 1046.4 km2 of productive agricultural area was affected. Therefore, this study examined how to optimize land use and land cover allocation for flood mitigation using land use change and hydrological models with optimization methods. This research aimed to allocate land use and land cover (LULC) to minimize the surface for flood mitigation in Mueang Chaiyaphum district, Chaiyaphum province, Thailand. The research methodology consisted of six stages: data collection and preparation, LULC classification, LULC prediction, surface runoff estimation, the optimization of LULC allocation for flood mitigation and mapping, and economic and ecosystem service value evaluation and change. According to the results of the optimization and mapping of suitable LULC allocation to minimize surface runoff for flood mitigation in dry, normal, and wet years using goal programming and the CLUE-S model, the suitable LULC allocation for flood mitigation in 2049 under a normal year could provide the highest future economic value and gain. In the meantime, the suitable LULC allocation for flood mitigation in 2049 under a drought year could provide the highest ecosystem service value and gain. Nevertheless, considering future economic and ecosystem service values and changes with surface runoff reduction, the most suitable LULC allocation for flood mitigation is a normal year. Consequently, it can be concluded that the derived results of this study can be used as primary information for flood mitigation project implementation. Additionally, the presented conceptual framework and research workflows can be used as a guideline for government agencies to examine other flood-prone areas for flood mitigation in Thailand.
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Kassem, Yousseuf, Hüseyin Gökçekuş, and Nour Alijl. "Flash flood risk assessment modelling and methods: Kyrenia Region, Northern Cyprus." World Journal of Environmental Research 11, no. 1 (May 16, 2022): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v11i1.7190.
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Flash flooding risk impacts can be reduced through the implementation of mitigation strategies plan (MSP) for flood management. This study aims to develop a flash-floods risk mitigation plan, which appears to be beneficial for municipalities, provincial administrators, and authorities to reduce the impact of the flash flood in the Kyrenia region, Northern Cyprus. In this work, rainfall data were collected from the nearest stations for 22 years. The return periods of maximum daily rainfall are also determined by using six formulas. Furthermore, flood inundation and hazard maps were defined by utilizing SAGA, QGIS, ArcGIS, 2D HEC RAS, and HEC -HMS software then determining the degree of risk and identifying strategies based on quantitative risk analysis by developing a risk matrix. As a final result, catastrophic risk areas are distributed significantly downstream. In conclusion, the proposed flash flood mitigation plan includes strategies to reduce flood losses of human life and constructed structures across Kyrenia and proposed hazard and inundation risk maps to assess planners and decision-makers for the potential impact of floods to avoid. Keywords: DEM; Flash Flood; Hazard map; HEC-RA Mitigation plan; Risk matrix
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Bilal, Basrah. "A Study on Implementation of Low Impact Development as an Urban Stormwater Management Technique in Srinagar City: Current Trends, Issues and Challenges." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37842.
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Abstract: The Severity as well as the frequency of short-duration, but damaging, urban area floods have increased in recent years across the world. Alteration to the urban micro-climate due to global climate change impacts may also exacerbate the situation in the near future. The events of floods have increased in Srinagar city as well over the past decades. Sustainable urban stormwater management using low impact development (LID) techniques, along with conventional urban stormwater management systems, can be implemented to mitigate climate-change-induced flood impacts in Srinagar. In this study, the supposed effectiveness of LIDs in the mitigation of urban flood in Srinagar city is analysed keeping in view their limitations at the same time. A critical research on the success of these techniques in urban flood mitigation planning in Srinagar city is also recommended. On summarising different LID approaches in the world, the results revealed that LIDs can be an efficient method for mitigating urban flood impacts. Most of the LID devices developed so far, however, are found to be effective only for small flood peaks. The major challenges include identification of the best LID practices for the region of interest, efficiency improvements in technical areas, and site-specific optimization of LID parameters. Research and improvements in these areas will allow better mitigation of climate-change-induced urban floods in a cost-effective manner and will also assist in the achievement of sustainable development goals for Srinagar city and will help us to tackle the increasing problems of water logging and floods in the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. Keywords: Climate change, Urban floods, stormwater management, Low Impact Development, Srinagar city, Drainage in Srinagar, Pluvial flooding.
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Liu, Chunlu, and Yan Li. "Measuring eco-roof mitigation on flash floods via GIS simulation." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 6, no. 4 (September 5, 2016): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-07-2015-0031.
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Purpose The rapid and ongoing expansion of urbanised impervious areas could lead to more frequent flood inundation in urban flood-prone regions. Nowadays, urban flood inundation induced by rainstorm is an expensive natural disaster in many countries. In order to reduce the flooding risk, eco-roof systems (or green roof systems) could be considered as an effective mechanism of mitigating flooding disasters through their rainwater retention capability. However, there is still a lack of examining the stormwater management tool. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects on flooding disaster from extensive green roofs. Design/methodology/approach Based on geographical information system (GIS) simulation, this research presents a frame of assessing eco-roof impacts on urban flash floods. The approach addresses both urban rainfall-runoff and underground hydrologic models for traditional impervious and green roofs. Deakin University’s Geelong Waurn Ponds campus is chosen as a study case. GIS technologies are then utilised to visualise and analyse the effects on flood inundation from surface properties of building roofs. Findings The results reveal that the eco-roof systems generate varying degrees of mitigation of urban flood inundation with different return period storms. Originality/value Although the eco-roof technology is considered as an effective stormwater management tool, it is not commonly adopted and examined in urban floods. This study will bring benefits to urban planners for raising awareness of hazard impacts and to construction technicians for considering disaster mitigation via roof technologies. The approach proposed here could be used for the disaster mitigation in future urban planning.
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Herawati, Nika, Setya Haksama, and Mohammad Zainal Fatah. "Floods Disaster Mitigation In Bojonegoro Regency." Media Gizi Kesmas 11, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v11i1.2022.144-151.
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Background: Many disasters occurred in Indonesia, especially in Bojonegoro Regency. Based on the results of the report from the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Bojonegoro Regency, the total incidence of flash floods since 2018-2020 has occurred 40 times. Bojonegoro Regency has an enormous flash flood potential if it was compared to other regencies in East Java. Based on this, the BPBD team prepared a contingency plan to implement flash floods disaster mitigation in Bojonegoro Regency.Objectives: Analyzing the handling of banjir bandang disaster risks carried out by the government of Bojonegoro Regency, among others, formulating policies and strategies in the context of handling flood victims.Methods: This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach in describing a contingency plan containing flash floods disaster mitigation at the Bojonegoro district government. This research was conducted using a purposive sampling technique. Thus, the researcher has determined the informants according to the criteria set, the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) team of Bojonegoro Regency.Results: Based on the results of the analysis contingency plan about flood disaster mitigation, it could be known that the risk management carried out by the Bojonegoro Regency government includes formulating policies and strategies in the context of handling flash floods victim.Conclusions: This study concludes a contingency plan which includes mitigation of flash floods risk management in Bojonegoro Regency is quite effective in handling risks to minimize the consequences.
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Arif, Maulana, and Rasmiati Rasmiati. "Flood mitigation education for the community of Dul Village, Central Bangka." Community Empowerment 7, no. 5 (May 25, 2022): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.6461.
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Floods are a regular phenomenon in Indonesia, particularly in the Bangka Belitung region. Natural elements such as soil conditions and excessive rainfall, as well as non-natural variables such as rubbish, concretization in infiltration zones, development in floodplain areas, and so on, all contribute to flood disasters. Dul Village, Pangkalanbaru District, Central Bangka Regency, was one of the flood-affected areas. To assist the community in overcoming issues, community service activities will be carried out with the long-term goal of establishing a flood response community, with the specific goal of providing flood disaster mitigation education to the community. A flood disaster socialization program and an early warning system for the community are among the methods employed to carry out this program. The outcomes of this program have increased public awareness of the potential and causes of flooding, particularly in Dul Village, as well as the function of the early warning system in mitigating flood-related losses.
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Pramono, Irfan, and Endang Savitri. "Flash flood in Arau watershed, West Sumatera: a mitigation study." MATEC Web of Conferences 229 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822903002.
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Flash flood often occurs in West Sumatera. In spite of heavy rain, flash floods are also caused by the landslide in the riverside that blocks the river as a natural dam. The natural dam can be broken at any time, depending on storage capacity. Flash flood occurs when the dam is broken. The aim of the research is to mitigate flash floods based on parameters influencing flood and landslide. The research was conducted in Arau watershed, West Sumatera. Parameters that have a direct proportion of floods are maximum daily rainfall, watershed shape, river gradient, drainage density, slope, and land cover. Parameters influencing landslides are antecedent soil moisture, slope, geologic type especially fault line, soil depth, and land cover. GIS is used to analyze the factors influencing flood and landslide spatially. The results show that more than 50% of the Arau watershed are slightly high and high vulnerability due to its natural condition. Furthermore, the locations of fault, especially in the riverside, should be noticed because this location could become a natural dam causing flash flood. In order to reduce flash flood impact, the natural dam should be opened as soon as possible.
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Karar Ahmad, Md. "Flood Mitigation in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2018): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.1.1378.
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Floods are the common natural disasters in most of the developing countries, and India isno exception.Due to the geographic and climatic conditions the country remains under threat. Floods have been recurrent phenomenon in many parts of India, causing loss of lives and public property and bringing untold misery to the people. The floods that occurred in India in 2013 were highly catastrophic based on the number of victims. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, IFRC (2013) continues to steer the evacuation efforts as well as in rescuing the stranded victims. Methods of structural control of floodwater can be grouped into four types; namely, storage, diversion, enhancing channel capacity, and constriction of the water within the channel. The following flood mitigation measures could be adopted to mitigate the adverse impacts of severe floods and to prevent normal floods. Flood walls are constructed out of materials such as concrete or steel in order to control the flow of flood waters and prevent the flooding of specific areas. The construction of floodwalls and embankments has been the traditional means of protecting low lying communities and infrastructure against flooding. Flood hazard maps contain information about the probability or magnitude of an event whereas flood risk maps contain additional information about the consequences. Flood insurance is one of the effective ways in order to cope with the aftermaths of flood events. The Indian government acknowledges the problems the country faces because of the various natural disasters that occur. Consequently, various agencies have been instituted to evaluate the country’s exposure to disasters and to develop ways of mitigating or managing the impacts of the disasters.
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Rao, Meghanjali, Akash Patil, Mrunmai Gaikwad, Ashwin Bagul, and Prof Manoj U. Deosarkar. "A Review on Flood Mitigation Measures Amphibious Housing." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42704.
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Abstract: Floods leads to loss of lives as well as infrastructure which affects the economy of the area for a longer duration, hence to cater the current scenario, an attempt to design a viable structure is the need of future. The aim of this paper is to study new concept of the amphibious house in lowland area as a flood mitigation measure. This report will explore and documents the various ways of protecting and creating a sustainable living environment for seaside and riverside residents. The solution will also include waterproof material and protection of vital utilities, design of buoyant foundation, vertical guidance pole attached to the foundation, which provides resistance from lateral force caused by wind and water. Amphibious Architecture adapts to dry and wet conditions without causing any damage during or after flood. The development of an amphibious community is a long time strategy that will minimize the potential risk of flooding along riverside. The proposal for this dissertation will provide sustainable structure for the people of India to create amphibious structures protected from floods. Keywords: Floods, Flood Mitigation measure, Amphibious House
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Song, Xiao Yu, Shou Jin Wang, Yong Hui Wang, and Ming Zhao. "Design of Villages and Towns Flood Disaster Simulation and Emergency Decision Support System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.808.
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China is a country prone to natural disasters, especially the flood disaster. In order to improve the villages and towns flood emergency management, through a series of methods such as information management and simulation, the establishment of emergency decision support using information technology to reduce losses caused by floods, the visualization technology is used in the virtual reconstruction model of floods, intuitive way to simulate the dynamic spread of the process of the flood disaster, in a safe and economical method to obtain the number of indicators of disaster-related decision. It provides a new method and ideas, and then it gives a reliable basis for the flood prevention and emergency management. The visualization analysis and decision is achieved for the villages and towns flood control, and it provides great support for the villages and towns flood mitigation and prevention. The result shows that the system is useful and meaningful in the town flood mitigation.
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Zhou, Qianqian, Guoyong Leng, and Maoyi Huang. "Impacts of future climate change on urban flood volumes in Hohhot in northern China: benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-305-2018.
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Abstract. As China becomes increasingly urbanised, flooding has become a regular occurrence in its major cities. Assessing the effects of future climate change on urban flood volumes is crucial to informing better management of such disasters given the severity of the devastating impacts of flooding (e.g. the 2016 flooding events across China). Although recent studies have investigated the impacts of future climate change on urban flooding, the effects of both climate change mitigation and adaptation have rarely been accounted for together in a consistent framework. In this study, we assess the benefits of mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and locally adapting to climate change by modifying drainage systems to reduce urban flooding under various climate change scenarios through a case study conducted in northern China. The urban drainage model – Storm Water Management Model – was used to simulate urban flood volumes using current and two adapted drainage systems (i.e. pipe enlargement and low-impact development, LID), driven by bias-corrected meteorological forcing from five general circulation models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archive. Results indicate that urban flood volume is projected to increase by 52 % over 2020–2040 compared to the volume in 1971–2000 under the business-as-usual scenario (i.e. Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5). The magnitudes of urban flood volumes are found to increase nonlinearly with changes in precipitation intensity. On average, the projected flood volume under RCP 2.6 is 13 % less than that under RCP 8.5, demonstrating the benefits of global-scale climate change mitigation efforts in reducing local urban flood volumes. Comparison of reduced flood volumes between climate change mitigation and local adaptation (by improving drainage systems) scenarios suggests that local adaptation is more effective than climate change mitigation in reducing future flood volumes. This has broad implications for the research community relative to drainage system design and modelling in a changing environment. This study highlights the importance of accounting for local adaptation when coping with future urban floods.
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Al-Hinai, Hanan, and Rifaat Abdalla. "Mapping Coastal Flood Susceptible Areas Using Shannon’s Entropy Model: The Case of Muscat Governorate, Oman." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040252.
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Floods are among the most common natural hazards around the world. Mapping and evaluating potential flood hazards are essential for flood risk management and mitigation strategies, particularly in coastal areas. Several factors play significant roles in flooding and recognizing the role of these flood-related factors may enhance flood disaster prediction and mitigation strategies. This study focuses on using Shannon’s entropy model to predict the role of seven factors in causing floods in the Governorate of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, and mapping coastal flood-prone areas. The seven selected factors (including ground elevation, slope degree, hydrologic soil group (HSG), land use, distance from the coast, distance from the wadi, and distance from the road) were initially prepared and categorized into classes based on their contribution to flood occurrence. In the next step, the entropy model was used to determine the weight and contribution of each factor in overall susceptibility. Finally, results from the previous two steps were combined using ArcGIS software to produce the final coastal flood susceptibility index map that was categorized into five susceptibility zones. The result indicated that land use and HSG are the most causative factors of flooding in the area, and about 133.5 km2 of the extracted area is threatened by coastal floods. The outcomes of this study can provide decision-makers with essential information for identifying flood risks and enhancing adaptation and mitigation strategies. For future work, it is recommended to evaluate the reliability of the obtained result by comparing it with a real flooding event, such as flooding during cyclones Gonu and Phet.
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Hidayah, Entin, Indarto, Wei-Koon Lee, Gusfan Halik, and Biswajeet Pradhan. "Assessing Coastal Flood Susceptibility in East Java, Indonesia: Comparison of Statistical Bivariate and Machine Learning Techniques." Water 14, no. 23 (November 27, 2022): 3869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233869.
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Floods in coastal areas occur yearly in Indonesia, resulting in socio-economic losses. The availability of flood susceptibility maps is essential for flood mitigation. This study aimed to explore four different types of models, namely, frequency ratio (FR), weight of evidence (WofE), random forest (RF), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP), for coastal flood susceptibility assessment in Pasuruan and Probolinggo in the East Java region. Factors were selected based on multi-collinearity and the information gain ratio to build flood susceptibility maps in small watersheds. The comprehensive exploration result showed that seven of the eleven factors, namely, elevation, geology, soil type, land use, rainfall, RD, and TWI, influenced the coastal flood susceptibility. The MLP outperformed the other three models, with an accuracy of 0.977. Assessing flood susceptibility with those four methods can guide flood mitigation management.
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Tariq, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman, Nitin Muttil, Zohreh Rajabi, Maha Hussein, Muhammad Izhar Shah, Muhammad Laiq Ur Rahman Shahid, Shahana Janjua, Rashid Farooq, and Anne W. M. Ng. "Development of a Hydrodynamic-Based Flood-Risk Management Tool for Assessing Redistribution of Expected Annual Damages in a Floodplain." Water 13, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 3562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243562.
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Despite spending ample resources and procedural development in flood management, flood losses are still increasing worldwide. The losses caused by floods and costs incurred on management are two components of expected annual damages (EAD) due to floods. This study introduces a generalized approach for risk-based design where a range of probable floods are considered before and after a flood mitigation measure is implemented. The proposed approach is customized from the ISO Guide 31000 along with additional advantages of flood risk visualization. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based design of a flood-protection dike is performed to exhibit the risk redistribution. The Chenab River is selected for the existing dike system. Detailed hazard behaviour and societal vulnerability are modelled and visualized for a range of all probable floods before and after the implementation of flood-protection dikes. EAD maps demonstrate the redistribution of induced and residual risks. It can be concluded that GIS-based EAD maps not only facilitate cost-effective solutions but also provide an accurate estimate of residual risks after the mitigation measures are applied. EAD maps also indicate the high-risk areas to facilitate designing secondary measures.
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Kolaković, Slobodan, Julius Fabian, Sándor Kovács, Ljubomir Budinski, and Matija Stipić. "Exploitation of Documented Historical Floods for Achieving Better Flood Defense." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2317252.
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Establishing Base Flood Elevation for a stream network corresponding to a big catchment is feasible by interdisciplinary approach, involving stochastic hydrology, river hydraulics, and computer aided simulations. A numerical model calibrated by historical floods has been exploited in this study. The short presentation of the catchment of the Tisza River in this paper is followed by the overview of historical floods which hit the region in the documented period of 130 years. Several well documented historical floods provided opportunity for the calibration of the chosen numerical model. Once established, the model could be used for investigation of different extreme flood scenarios and to establish the Base Flood Elevation. The calibration has shown that the coefficient of friction in case of the Tisza River is dependent both on the actual water level and on the preceding flood events. The effect of flood plain maintenance as well as the activation of six potential detention ponds on flood mitigation has been examined. Furthermore, the expected maximum water levels have also been determined for the case if the ever observed biggest 1888 flood hit the region again. The investigated cases of flood superposition highlighted the impact of tributary Maros on flood mitigation along the Tisza River.
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Lo, Weicheng, Chih-Tsung Huang, Meng-Hsuan Wu, Dong-Jiing Doong, Leng-Hsuan Tseng, Chun-Hung Chen, and Yen-Ju Chen. "Evaluation of Flood Mitigation Effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions Potential Cases with an Assessment Model for Flood Mitigation." Water 13, no. 23 (December 5, 2021): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233451.
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In recent years, climate change has been widely discussed around the world. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) in 2021, which stated that with the intensification of global warming, heavy rainfalls are becoming more severe and frequent. Economic development in recent years has also caused the proportion of impervious areas in urban regions to increase with the advancement of urbanization. When the two aforementioned factors are coupled together, the result is faster surface runoff speeds and reduced infiltration rates, which in turn result in worse flooding. Thus, water disaster mitigation is becoming a topic of great importance to developed and developing countries. This study examined five Nature-based Solutions (NbS) cases (A, B C, D, E) for the Nangang river in Taiwan. Case A is to design levees with a 100-year return period flood design standard. Under steady flow conditions, floods can be smoothly discharged downstream without any significant inundation in most situations. Case B and C used gabions with a 10-year return period flood design standard and discontinuous levees with a 25-year return period flood design standard, respectively. Though neither case is as effective in flood mitigation, both cases B and C can still reduce inundation from the flooding disaster relatively well. Case D is to dredge local areas of the main channel, but the steady flow simulation showed little flood mitigation effect. Case E is the implementation of “Room for the River”, and employs main channel dredging and floodplain land grading to increase flood conveyance capacity. Case E provides good flood mitigation.
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Pratiwi, Dian, Arniza Fitri, Arlina Phelia, Nabila Annisa Amara Adma, and Kastamto. "Analysis of urban flood using synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) and flood mitigation strategies along way Halim River: a case study on Seroja street, Tanjung Senang District." E3S Web of Conferences 331 (2021): 07015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133107015.
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In the urban area, flooding becomes the most common disaster that has not been resolved until today. The utilization of river border area into housing and lack of absorption area becomes the trigger factor of urban flooding, as what is happening around Way Halim River on Seroja street. In this area, floods often happen during the rainy season, with the latest events recorded on January 21st, 2021. Analysis of flood intensities and discharges can be parameters for the decision-making of flood mitigation strategies. This study aims to analyze the flood discharges along Way Halim River, Seroja street by comparing the flood discharges resulting from three analysis methods of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) including Gama I SUH, Nakayasu SUH, and Snyder SUH. Finally, suitable flood mitigation strategies were also proposed in this study based on the flood discharges and rain intensities. The results showed that Nakayasu SUH had the highest peak flood discharge than Snyder SUH and Gama I SUH. Based on the results of the investigation of land suitability; and analysis of rainfall intensities and flood discharges, the proposed flood mitigation in Seroja street is by installing biopore infiltration holes along Seroja street for storing water and reducing the risk of flooding in the area.
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Bokhove, Onno, Mark A. Kelmanson, Thomas Kent, Guillaume Piton, and Jean-Marc Tacnet. "A Cost-Effectiveness Protocol for Flood-Mitigation Plans Based on Leeds’ Boxing Day 2015 Floods." Water 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030652.
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Inspired by the Boxing Day 2015 flood of the River Aire in Leeds, UK, and subsequent attempts to mitigate adverse consequences of flooding, the goals considered are: (i) to revisit the concept of flood-excess volume (FEV) as a complementary diagnostic for classifying flood events; (ii) to establish a new roadmap/protocol for assessing flood-mitigation schemes using FEV; and, (iii) to provide a clear, graphical cost-effectiveness analysis of flood mitigation, exemplified for a hypothetical scheme partially based on actual plans. We revisit the FEV concept and present it as a three-panel graph using thresholds and errors. By re-expressing FEV as a 2 m -deep square lake of equivalent capacity, one can visualise its dimensions in comparison with the river valley considered. Cost-effectiveness of flood-mitigation measures is expressed within the FEV square-lake; different scenarios of our hypothetical flood-mitigation scheme are then presented and assessed graphically, with each scenario involving a combination, near and further upstream of Leeds, of higher (than existing) flood-defence walls, enhanced flood-plain storage sites, giving-room-to-the-river bed-widening and natural flood management. Our cost-effectiveness analysis is intended as a protocol to compare and choose between flood-mitigation scenarios in a quantifiable and visual manner, thereby offering better prospects of being understood by a wide audience, including citizens and city-council planners. Using techniques of data analysis combined with general river hydraulics, common-sense and upper-bound estimation, we offer an accessible check of flood-mitigation plans.
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Merz, B., F. Elmer, and A. H. Thieken. "Significance of "high probability/low damage" versus "low probability/high damage" flood events." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2009): 1033–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1033-2009.
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Abstract. The need for an efficient use of limited resources fosters the application of risk-oriented design in flood mitigation. Flood defence measures reduce future damage. Traditionally, this benefit is quantified via the expected annual damage. We analyse the contribution of "high probability/low damage" floods versus the contribution of "low probability/high damage" events to the expected annual damage. For three case studies, i.e. actual flood situations in flood-prone communities in Germany, it is shown that the expected annual damage is dominated by "high probability/low damage" events. Extreme events play a minor role, even though they cause high damage. Using typical values for flood frequency behaviour, flood plain morphology, distribution of assets and vulnerability, it is shown that this also holds for the general case of river floods in Germany. This result is compared to the significance of extreme events in the public perception. "Low probability/high damage" events are more important in the societal view than it is expressed by the expected annual damage. We conclude that the expected annual damage should be used with care since it is not in agreement with societal priorities. Further, risk aversion functions that penalise events with disastrous consequences are introduced in the appraisal of risk mitigation options. It is shown that risk aversion may have substantial implications for decision-making. Different flood mitigation decisions are probable, when risk aversion is taken into account.
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Brammer, H. "Floods in Bangladesh: II. Flood Mitigation and Environmental Aspects." Geographical Journal 156, no. 2 (July 1990): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/635323.
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Pudar, Ranko, Jasna Plavšić, and Andrijana Todorović. "Evaluation of Green and Grey Flood Mitigation Measures in Rural Watersheds." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (October 2, 2020): 6913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196913.
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Floods cause considerable damages worldwide and mitigation of their adverse effects through effective protection measures is needed. Along with the commonly applied “grey” infrastructure, “green” measures that can offer additional benefits, such as ecosystem services, are increasingly being considered lately. While the recent research tendencies are focused on the effectiveness and the value of green measures in urban areas, this paper presents a comprehensive financial evaluation of green and grey flood mitigation scenarios for a smaller rural watershed. A micro-scale damage model that builds on the hydrodynamic modeling of hazard, detailed asset identification, and damage assessment is presented and applied for evaluation of benefits from various flood mitigation measures in the Tamnava watershed in Serbia. Four scenarios are considered: (1) existing flood protection system; (2) green scenario involving new detention basins; (3) grey infrastructure enhancement by rising of the existing levees and diverting flood discharges; and (4) green-grey scenario that combines scenarios (2) and (3). The benefits (loss reduction) are the greatest with the green scenario and marginally higher with the combined green-grey scenario. The results suggest that for small rural watersheds, a holistic, integrative approach that includes both types of infrastructure can provide the most effective flood risk mitigation.
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Zhong, Ming, Lu Xiao, Qian Zhang, and Tao Jiang. "Risk Perception, Risk Communication, and Mitigation Actions of Flash Floods: Results from a Survey in Three Types of Communities." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 12389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212389.
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In order to improve the decision-making of risk management and enhance community resilience to flash floods, the perception of risks, communication of warnings, and mitigation actions concerning flash floods were investigated in this study. The survey involves 280 participants from three types of communities in flash flood-prone areas. Results show that: (i) About 55.4% of community participants misperceived or underestimated the risk of flash floods, especially in the suburban communities, and people had misconceptions about the safety of crossing fast-flowing water, even though most of them had experienced flash flood hazards. (ii) In total, 67.9% of participants indicated that they had at some point received a flash flood warning. The perception of accuracy was related to trust in flash flood warnings, but they were different constructs for some individuals. Moreover, residents in the rural community and suburban community reported a closer social communication with neighbors, which would greatly influence inhabitants’ attitudes and behaviors towards the flash flood warnings and mitigation actions. (iii) Most of the participants indicated they would take some protective action when they received a warning. Risk perceptions and risk communications influence the mitigation actions in the community. Significant variables in the rural community and non-rural community were explored, and some important suggestions are highlighted. These findings suggest that risk perception and risk communication in neighborhoods help people to decide what action to take in the given scenarios, contribute to enhancing the community resilience, and contribute to coping with future flash floods in a more specific and effective way.
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Heidari, A. "Structural master plan of flood mitigation measures." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2009): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-61-2009.
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Abstract. Flood protection is one of the practical methods in damage reduction. Although it not possible to be completely protected from flood disaster but major part of damages can be reduced by mitigation plans. In this paper, the optimum flood mitigation master plan is determined by economic evaluation in trading off between the construction costs and expected value of damage reduction as the benefits. Size of the certain mitigation alternative is also be obtained by risk analysis by accepting possibility of flood overtopping. Different flood mitigation alternatives are investigated from various aspects in the Dez and Karun river floodplain areas as a case study in south west of IRAN. The results show that detention dam and flood diversion are the best alternatives of flood mitigation methods as well as enforcing the flood control purpose of upstream multipurpose reservoirs. Dyke and levees are not mostly justifiable because of negative impact on down stream by enhancing routed flood peak discharge magnitude and flood damages as well.
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Fraser, James C., Matrin W. Doyle, and Hannah Young. "Creating effective flood mitigation policies." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 87, no. 27 (2006): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006eo270002.
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Laska, Shirley Bradway. "Involving Homeowners in Flood Mitigation." Journal of the American Planning Association 52, no. 4 (December 31, 1986): 452–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944368608977119.
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WICKRAMANAYAKE, EBEL. "Flood Mitigation Problems in Vietnam." Disasters 18, no. 1 (March 1994): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00287.x.
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Sims, Charles, and Sarah E. Null. "Climate Forecasts and Flood Mitigation." Southern Economic Journal 85, no. 4 (March 8, 2019): 1083–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/soej.12331.
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Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich, Knut Alfredsen, Dirk Carstensen, Adam Choryński, David Gustafsson, Michał Halicki, Bernd Hentschel, et al. "Assessing and Mitigating Ice-Jam Flood Hazards and Risks: A European Perspective." Water 15, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010076.
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The assessment and mapping of riverine flood hazards and risks is recognized by many countries as an important tool for characterizing floods and developing flood management plans. Often, however, these management plans give attention primarily to open-water floods, with ice-jam floods being mostly an afterthought once these plans have been drafted. In some Nordic regions, ice-jam floods can be more severe than open-water floods, with floodwater levels of ice-jam floods often exceeding levels of open-water floods for the same return periods. Hence, it is imperative that flooding due to river ice processes be considered in flood management plans. This also pertains to European member states who are required to submit renewed flood management plans every six years to the European governance authorities. On 19 and 20 October 2022, a workshop entitled “Assessing and mitigating ice-jam flood hazard and risk” was hosted in Poznań, Poland to explore the necessity of incorporating ice-jam flood hazard and risk assessments in the European Union’s Flood Directive. The presentations given at the workshop provided a good overview of flood risk assessments in Europe and how they may change due to the climate in the future. Perspectives from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, and Poland were presented. Mitigation measures, particularly the artificial breakage of river ice covers and ice-jam flood forecasting, were shared. Advances in ice processes were also presented at the workshop, including state-of-the-art developments in tracking ice-floe velocities using particle tracking velocimetry, characterizing hanging dam ice, designing new ice-control structures, detecting, and monitoring river ice covers using composite imagery from both radar and optical satellite sensors, and calculating ice-jam flood hazards using a stochastic modelling approach.
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Saiful Arfaah and Iswinarti. "Analisa Kapasitas Penampang Sungai Kali Gunting Di Kabupaten Jombang." Jurnal Intake : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Teknik dan Terapan 9, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48056/jintake.v9i2.45.
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The cause of flooding in the watershed area, one of which is caused by the inability of the river profile to accommodate the existing discharge (overflow). This research is intended to examine flood discharge and flood water level profile of Kali Gunting as a first step to determine flood mitigation solutions. Analysis of flood water level profiles using the Hec-Race 4.0 modeling program. With the help of this program, it is expected to be able to accommodate the flow parameters that are so complex. After modeling and knowing the capabilities of each part (cross section), this result will be a technical reference in determining flood mitigation measures.
From the results of the study, the analysis of the potential for flooding in the scissor area was obtained as a result of the flood discharge capacity at scissors times = 301.00m3 / dt, and the emission times = 136.66m3 / dt for the 50th return period. The results of the Q50th calculation show that the condition of K. Scissors P0-P36 river water overflows / floods because the flood water level is above the eksesting embankment, while P36-P46 does not overflow / does not flood because the flood water level is below the eksesting dike. K. Panir condition P0-P48 river water overflows / floods because the flood water level is above the eksesting embankment, while P48-P60 does not overflow / does not flood because the flood water level is below the eksesting embankment
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Arfaah, Saiful, and Iswinarti Iswinarti. "Analisa Kapasitas Penampang Sungai Kali Gunting Di Kabupaten Jombang." Jurnal Intake : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Teknik dan Terapan 9, no. 2 (October 20, 2018): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32492/jintake.v9i2.778.
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The cause of flooding in the watershed area, one of which is caused by the inability of the river profile to accommodate the existing discharge (overflow). This research is intended to examine flood discharge and flood water level profile of Kali Gunting as a first step to determine flood mitigation solutions. Analysis of flood water level profiles using the Hec-Race 4.0 modeling program. With the help of this program, it is expected to be able to accommodate the flow parameters that are so complex. After modeling and knowing the capabilities of each part (cross-section), this result will be a technical reference in determining flood mitigation measures.
From the results of the study, the analysis of the potential for flooding in the scissor area was obtained as a result of the flood discharge capacity at scissors times = 301.00m3 / dt, and the emission times = 136.66m3 / dt for the 50th return period. The results of the Q50th calculation show that the condition of K. Scissors P0-P36 river water overflows / floods because the flood water level is above the existing embankment, while P36-P46 does not overflow/does not flood because the flood water level is below the existing dike. K. Panir condition P0-P48 river water overflows / floods because the flood water level is above the existing embankment, while P48-P60 does not overflow/does not flood because the flood water level is below the existing embankment
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Abdul Mohit, Mohammad, and Gajikoh Mohamed Sellu. "Development of Non-structural Flood Mitigation Policies and Measures for Pekan town, Malaysia." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 2, no. 6 (April 1, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v2i6.33.
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Floods bring miseries to the life of thousands of Malaysians every year. Pekan town, located on the banks of the Pahang River, regularly suffers both economic damages and physical destructions caused by the floods. It is anticipated that the climate change effects through a rise in the sea-level, will aggravate the flooding situation of the town. This paper studies the flood situation of Pekan town, assesses the intensity of flood damages, anticipates the severity of flooding due to sea-level rise and finally, comes up with the community-based sustainable flood mitigation policies and measures for the townKeywords: Climate change; Flood disaster management; Flood damages; nonstructural measures.2398-4295 © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Andráško, Ivan, Kamila Dolák Klemešová, Lukáš Dolák, Jakub Trojan, and David Fiedor. "“Surely it will come again…”. Flood threat appraisal, mitigation strategies and protection motivation in Czech communities endangered by floods." Moravian Geographical Reports 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2020-0013.
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AbstractA recent “shift” in flood risk management is associated with putting more emphasis on private mitigation and protection measures, and on shared responsibility. Based on case study research in the South Bohemian municipalities (Czech Republic) endangered by floods, this paper reports floods-related attitudes and actions of local inhabitants. A total of 305 respondents participated in a survey; responses and additional commentaries were examined through qualitative content analysis. Results show that though most of the local residents are aware of the constant threat, a minority of them take up any mitigation measures or have some strategy to handle a flood. Several cognitive biases and non-protective responses, the lack of interest and personal responsibility, perceived costs, as well as the prevailing low perceived importance of floods for the local quality of life, hamper improvements in general preparedness. From the viewpoint of Protection Motivation Theory, neither the locals’ threat appraisal nor their coping appraisal is high enough to sufficiently incentivise them to adopt private mitigation strategies and measures. Flood information seems to be at hand for local residents, who are, however, mostly not interested in using it. Perceived obscurities in handling the financial resources contribute to the prevailing unwillingness to participate financially in flood protection. Differences in perceptions and actions are associated with respondents’ individual characteristics (age, gender, level of education, previous experience with floods). Based on our findings, we discuss several relevant policy implications.
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Huang, Jing, Weiwei Cao, Huimin Wang, and Zhiqiang Wang. "Affect Path to Flood Protective Coping Behaviors Using SEM Based on a Survey in Shenzhen, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030940.
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The initial concept of flood control has gradually shifted to flood risk management which emphasizes more public participation. Therefore, understanding the public’s protective coping behavioral patterns to floods is significant, and can help improve the effectiveness of public participation and implementation of flood-mitigation measures. However, the quantitative effect of socio-demographic factors on flood risk perception and behaviors is not clear. In this study, the socio-demographic factors are included to explore the quantitative relationship with and the affect path to flood protective coping behaviors with socio-demographic factors are studied. Shenzhen City in China is chosen as the study area, which suffers frequent urban floods every year. Questionnaire surveys are conducted in five flood-prone communities there, and 339 valid questionnaires were collected. The correlations between flood risk perception, flood risk knowledge, flood risk attitude, socio-demographic factors, and protective coping behaviors are analyzed firstly. A structural equation model (SEM) about these factors is then established to verify the correctness of hypothetical paths and discover new paths. The results indicates that socio-demographic factors and flood risk perception do not have impacts on protective coping behaviors directly, but are mediated by flood risk knowledge and flood risk attitude. Flood risk attitude is an important factor that affects protective coping behaviors directly. Moreover, two affect paths to flood protective coping behaviors are proposed. The findings of Shenzhen city in this study can be extended to other cities with similar characteristics, providing support for conducting effective flood mitigation measures.
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Yazdan, Munshi Md Shafwat, Md Tanvir Ahad, Raaghul Kumar, and Md Abdullah Al Mehedi. "Estimating Flooding at River Spree Floodplain Using HEC-RAS Simulation." J 5, no. 4 (October 10, 2022): 410–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j5040028.
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River renaturation can be an effective management method for restoring a floodplain’s natural capacity and minimizing the effects during high flow periods. A 1D-2D Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model, in which the flood plain was considered as 2D and the main channel as 1D, was used to simulate flooding in the restored reach of the Spree River, Germany. When computing in this model, finite volume and finite difference approximations using the Preissmann approach are used for the 1D and 2D models, respectively. To comprehend the sensitivity of the parameters and model, several scenarios were simulated using different time steps and grid sizes. Additionally, dikes, dredging, and changes to the vegetation pattern were used to simulate flood mitigation measures. The model predicted that flooding would occur mostly in the downstream portion of the channel in the majority of the scenarios without mitigation measures, whereas with mitigation measures, flooding in the floodplain would be greatly reduced. By preserving the natural balance on the channel’s floodplain, the restored area needs to be kept in good condition. Therefore, mitigating measures that balance the area’s economic and environmental aspects must be considered in light of the potential for floods.
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Popa, Mihnea Cristian, and Daniel Constantin Diaconu. "Flood and Flash Flood Hazard Mapping Using the Frequency Ratio, Multilayer Perceptron and Their Hybrid Ensemble." Proceedings 48, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-4-06429.
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The importance of identifying the areas vulnerable for both floods and flash-floods is an important component of risk management. The assessment of vulnerable areas is a major challenge in the scientific world. Adaptation and mitigation have generally been treated as two separate issues, both in public politics and in practice, in which mitigation is seen as the attenuation of the cause, and studies of adaption look into dealing with the consequences of climate change. Studies on the impact of climate change on flood risk are mostly conducted at the river basin or regional scale. Remote sensing and GIS technologies, together with the latest modelling techniques, can contribute to our ability to predict and manage floods. Various methods are commonly used to map flood sensitivity. Recent methods such as multicriteria evaluation, decision tree analysis (DT), fuzzy theory, weight of samples (WoE), artificial neural networks (ANN), frequency ratio (FR) and logistic regression (LR) approaches have been widely used by many researchers.
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Mobley, William, Kayode O. Atoba, and Wesley E. Highfield. "Uncertainty in Flood Mitigation Practices: Assessing the Economic Benefits of Property Acquisition and Elevation in Flood-Prone Communities." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 2098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052098.
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Adopting effective flood mitigation practices for repetitive flood events in the United States continues to play a prominent role in preventing future damage and fostering resilience to residential flooding. Two common mitigation practices for reducing residential flood risk consist of raising an existing structure to or above base flood elevation (BFE) and acquiring chronically damaged properties in flood prone areas and restoring them back to serve their natural functions as green open spaces. However, due to data accuracy limitations, decision makers are faced with the challenge of identifying the financially optimal approach to implementing mitigation measures. We address this problem through the following research questions: What does the optimal allocation of flood mitigation resources look like under data uncertainty, and what are the optimal methods to combining mitigation measures with consideration for the best economic benefits? Using a robust decision making (RDM) approach, the effects of uncertainty in property values, construction and demolition costs, and policy implementation options such as structure selection and budget allocation were measured. Our results indicate that the amount budgeted for mitigation and how those funds are allocated directly influence the selection of the most economically viable mitigation practices. Our research also contributes to the growing need for evaluating specific flood mitigation strategies.
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Abdulkareem, Mohanad, Inji Kenawy, and Hisham ElKadi. "Neo Ekistics for flood mitigation in cities." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 17, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-01-2018-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the potential of ecologically driven urban design interventions to substantiate urban form performance in coping with the increasing flood threats particularly in the Middle East region. The paper applies ecological principles to new urban interventions for pluvial flood adaptation in Muscat city, Oman. The interventions incorporate the physical dimensions of both the natural (topography) and the built environment (urban morphology). The study demonstrates different scenarios in Muscat city in Oman and discusses the different challenges faced at different socio-economic and ecological levels. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a case study approach. The methods include semi-structured interviews aiming to gain insight from experts in the field of study about salient physical interventions in the urban context that is potentially going to help mitigating flood consequences. Mitigation scenarios were guided by the participants’ recommendations in the area. Scenarios were tested across two complementary phases using two software packages, the first of which is the pre-processing phase accomplished by using the Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System and the second is the flood analysis phase done by the Hydrological Environmental Center for River Analysis System (HECRAS) platform. The scenarios were evaluated in relation to the successfulness and reliability of physical solutions based on to which extent the flood wave depth and coverage was reduced. Findings The paper provides an alternative resilient holistic approach to achieve socially and ecologically sensitive and less expensive flood mitigation solutions in the Middle East. Originality/value The paper provides a new approach to flood mitigation linking ecological principles to the social dimension of human activities and experience in closely knitted communities.
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Raflus, Ristika Utami, Paus Iskarni, and Nicole Legaya. "Mitigation Policy of Flood Disaster in Sungai Penuh Town Province of Jambi, Indonesia." Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education 2, no. 1 (June 5, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sjdgge.v2i1.135.
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This research is based on the weak role of government in reducing the risk of flood disaster in Sungai Penuh Town appropriately, thus efforts are needed to avoid and decrease this situation, in other word mitigation of flood disaster is needed. The purpose of this study are analyzed the characteristics of area based catastrophic flooding, flood hazard, and flood risk and formulate mitigation policy and direction of flood disaster. The type of research is combined or mixed method. This study using quantitative Method used in determining volcano hazard, the level of vulnerability of the community, volcano risk and the use of qualitative Method used in determining the direction and mitigation policies towards mitigation of flood disaster. Findings research shows two characteristics area are good area that didn’t hazard of flood covering 4872 ha and bad area that cause the flood covering 30403 ha, with three levels of flood hazard are high flood hazard covering 3145 ha, medium flood hazard covering 1726 ha, and low flood hazard covering 30403 ha and three levels of flood risk are flood risk high covering 4872 ha, flood risk medium covering 6395 ha, and flood risk low covering 24008 ha. The high flood harmful for environment and agriculture, due this situation, this research is needed mitigation policy of flood disaster which set up zoning on any flood hazard zone, normalization downstream/ estuaries of river, doing and improving the coordination of government in the cross-sectoral of town and regency, developing the early warning system, and socialitation and provide training/ non-agricultural skills to the society.
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Huang, Yan, Eckart Lange, and Yichao Ma. "LIVING WITH FLOODS AND RECONNECTING TO THE WATER – LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR DELTA PLAINS." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 30, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.16352.
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Although there is a consensus that landscape planning and design can play a positive role in flood mitigation, few specific reviews have explored how the strategies of landscape architecture could play a more effective and beneficial role in flood control. Focusing on the related knowledge about hydraulics, ecology, and practices of flood control, the paper explores the application of resilience theory on providing an improved theoretical framework for landscape planning and design for floods, especially for floods in delta plains, and highlights characteristics of different scales of flood control to landscape architecture. Three main types of technical means are discussed: water channel morphology and processes adjustment; riparian corridor and riparian buffer; and flood-specific landscape structural measures.
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Setiawan, A., A. Ramdhon, and L. A. Utami. "Establishing a co-design framework for disaster mitigation agenda in the urban context. A case study: SIBAT Solo." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012025.
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Abstract One of the impacts of climate change on the urban environment is the flood cycle which is significantly difficult to predict. Along with using engineering methods, one more effort that can be conducted is to prepare communities for flood catastrophes in order to address the problem of unpredictable floods in urban settings. The correct technique and approach should be employed to involve residents in a disaster mitigation system. The objective of this study is to provide a co-design framework to assist the agenda for reducing flood disasters in urban settings. The co-design technique is being utilized as a participatory strategy to perform the work objectives of the community-based disaster preparedness community in Solo, Indonesia, according to the preliminary study findings reported in this paper. This study employed a case study method of flood disaster mitigation practices by the SIBAT community. Data analysis administered the interactive model through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Preliminary results obtained indicate that the local social and cultural context is essential in developing a co-design framework. Therefore, these findings will later become the basis for building a co-design framework for implementing the flood disaster mitigation agenda in Solo
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Liu, Yizhuang, Shu-Qing Yang, Changbo Jiang, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Keith Enever, Yuannan Long, Bin Deng, Usman Khalil, and Lingshi Yin. "Flood Mitigation Using an Innovative Flood Control Scheme in a Large Lake: Dongting Lake, China." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 17, 2019): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122465.
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A large lake plays an important role in mitigating flood disasters in its nearby regions during the flooding period; however, the effect is limited, because most of its storage capacity becomes dead storage prior to the arrival of the flood wave. In the current study, an innovative flood control scheme (IFCS) is applied to Dongting Lake (the second largest freshwater lake in China) to alleviate flood disasters. MIKE 21 FM was used to examine its feasibility to mitigate flood disasters. One of the largest floods in the 20th century, the 1998-type flood, was modelled and the maximum water levels with/without IFCS were compared. The result shows that the effective flood control storage could be at least doubled when compared with the natural condition once IFCS was applied. The peak flood level in the Dongting Lake could be lowered by at least 0.32 m at the Chenglingji station in the same flood passage of Dongting Lake. The case study reveals that, after applying IFCS, the hydraulic gates play a very important role in floodwater regulation and further study should be conducted to find the optimized operation for each gate in the flood control scheme system.
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Lusiana, Nur Aisyah, and Agus Widiyarta. "DISASTER MITIGATION AS AN EFFORT TO MINIMIZE THE IMPACT OF FLOODS IN LAMONGAN DISTRICT." dia 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 290–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/dia.v19i1.5160.
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Flood is one of the most dominant disasters in Indonesia with an incident that tends to increase. Lamongan District is an area with a fairly high risk of flooding due to the intensity of which it occurs every year. The high risk of flooding is caused by two reasons, the Bengawan Solo flow and the rainfall (the Bengawan Njero flow). Every flood disaster that occurs will certainly cause various impacts from damage to infrastructure, loss of property, and casualties. Disaster management efforts are certainly carried out to minimize the risk and impact of flood disasters in Lamongan District, such as through disaster mitigation. This research aims to determine disaster mitigation carried out in Lamongan District as an effort to minimize the impact of flooding. This research used descriptive qualitative research methods. Disaster mitigation in this research is divided into two according to Perka BNPB Number 4 of 2008, active disaster mitigation and passive disaster mitigation. The results of this research indicated that active mitigation in Lamongan District was carried out through, making flood disaster signs, supervising spatial planning, conducting training and counseling on flood disasters to officials, communities, and students, planning evacuation places and flood disaster evacuation routes and making embankment reinforcement. Meanwhile, passive mitigation in Lamongan District was carried out through, drafting laws and regulations, making flood-prone maps, making guidelines for every disaster management activity, making disaster posters, conducting flood risk studies, conducting disaster education, forming village forums, and prioritizing disaster management in development planning.