Dissertations / Theses: 'Flooding in Accra, Ghana'

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Afeku, Kizito. "Urbanization and Flooding in Accra,Ghana." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1123271331.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geography, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 53 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53).

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Komey, Audrey N. K. "Institutional Adaptation to Climate Change and Flooding in Accra, Ghana." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1438820921.

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Dinan, Carmel. "The single woman in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23849.

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Verlet, Martin. "Grandir à Nima : dérégulation domestique et mise au travail des enfants." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082115.

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Ce mémoire parle de la crise des unités domestiques et de la mise au travail des enfants. Le champs d'observation est un quartier populaire d'Accra, Nima, qui fut l'un des creusets de la classe laborieuse au Ghana. L'objet est le travail et ses métamorphoses. Il relie deux trajectoires : le retrait de l'homme salarié, conséquence de la crise de l'ajustement structurel et de la dérèglementation du marché du travail, l'exploitation du travail des enfants. La dérèglementation du marché du travail entraînera la dérégulation des unités domestiques. A l'ébranlement de la condition salariale correspondra une crise de celle-ci. Ainsi l'objet de se dédouble-t-il : la crise du travail salarié ; la crise des unités domestiques, et son ombre portée, la mise au travail des enfants. La démarche ressortit à l'anthropologie. De juillet 1993 à octobre 1996, les enquêtes de terrain ont été menées sur Nima. 350 entretiens furent conduits avec des gamins et des gamines, 150 avec les parents, 150 avec les patrons et les maîtresses. . .

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Abane, Albert Machistey. "Work travel in Ghana : the case of Accra." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444728.

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Kerfoot, Janice. "Babylon boys don't dance : music, meaning, and young men in Accra." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99727.

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This thesis explores the landscape of popular music culture in Accra as it is experienced by a loosely interactive group of young self-identified rastafarians. The global pop-culture idiom born of the Jamaican socio-religious movement of rastafari allows these young Accrans to articulate self-concepts vis-a-vis very current trends in local and foreign youth cultures (such as hiphop), with reference to an ostensibly ageless collective identity. Questions of authenticity are made complex by the movement's weighty historical and political roots, its nuanced symbolic bonds with "local African culture", and the semiotic plasticity of its identifying practices. Ethnographic portions of this thesis are based on three months of fieldwork in Accra, during the summer of 2004. Key theoretical points are gleaned from a critical examination of early British Cultural Studies and its theoretical progeny, including the body of recent work tentatively dubbed "post-subcultural studies".

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Mainoo, Nana-Osei Kweku. "Feasibility of low cost vermicompost production in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18465.

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Vermicomposting, the non-thermophilic decomposition of organic wastes by earthworms, is a popular waste management option in the Americas, Europe and the Indian sub-continent. Although the technology is inexpensive and produces an organic fertilizer as well as earthworm biomass, there are few examples of vermicomposting in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the potential for vermicomposting in Accra, the capital city of Ghana, by conducting 1) an earthworm survey, 2) vermicomposting trials and 3) assessing farmers' perceptions of vermicompost as an organic fertilizer and other related issues. The earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg), was found in the soil-litter layer at seven locations across Accra. In a 20 d period, the E. eugeniae decomposed 99% of pineapple fibers and 87% of pineapple peels supplied, indicating that this earthworm is capable of vermicomposting. The nutrient value of the vermicompost was low, relative to other organic wastes in West Africa, probably due to the low nutrient content of pineapple wastes. Farmers were aware of the benefits to soil fertility from earthworm activity and associated the presence of earthworm castings with healthy soils. However, those involved in irrigated vegetable farming had insufficient space and time for on-farm vermicomposting and would prefer to purchase this fertilizer. Conversely, subsistence farmers lacked a reliable access to water necessary for on-farm vermicomposting. In summary, farmers were interested in the technology and were willing to adopt it, provided the vermicompost improved crop performance and was affordable and available.
Le vermicompostage est un procédé effectué par les vers de terre qui décomposent la matière organique sous des conditions non thermophile. Cette technique est populaire dans les Amériques, en Europe et aux Indes. Quoique la technique soit économique et produise un engrais organique ainsi que de la biomasse de vers, elle est rarement utilisée dans les régions au Sud du désert Sahara, en Afrique. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'étudier la possibilité d'effectuer du vermicompostage à Accra, la capitale du Ghana. Par ce projet, on a : 1) effectué un relevé des types de vers de terre retrouvés ; 2) réalisé des essais de vermicompostage, et ; 3) consulté les agriculteurs locaux pour savoir s'ils seraient intéressés à faire du vermicompostage et produire un engrais organique. Le vers de terre Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg), fut le plus commun, retrouvé à sept endroits dans la région d'Accra, dans la partie arable des sols. Lorsqu'offert des résidus fibreux et des pelures d'ananas, le vers E. eugeniae fut capable de les décomposer à 99% et 87%, respectivement, ce qui démontre que le vermicompostage est réalisable en Afrique. La valeur fertilisante du vermicompost était relativement faible comparativement aux autres résidus organiques disponibles en Afrique de l'Ouest, à cause de la faible teneur minéral des fibres et des pelures d'ananas. Les agriculteurs consultés étaient bien au courant des bénéfices qu'apportent les vers de terre et que leur présence signifie un sol fertile. Les agriculteurs qui cultivaient des légumes et pratiquaient l'irrigation, ne possédaient ni l'espace ni le temps nécessaire au vermicompostage ; ils préféraient acheter leurs engrais. Aussi, les agriculteurs de subsistance et les plus pauvres n'avaient pas suffisamment d'eau pour effectuer le vermicompostage sur leur ferme. Par contre, les agriculteurs étaient intéressés à la technologie du vermicompostage et son utilisation, à conditions d'ob

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Addo, Kwasi Appeaning. "Detection, measurement and prediction of shoreline recession in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443998.

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Deku, Pearl Sika. "An Assessment of Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Accra-Ghana." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2649.

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Despite the vast research on options to improve solid waste management (SWM) in developing countries, little has been done to evaluate these possible improvements. This study assesses Ghana’s Community Participation and Public Awareness Program (CPPAP) for SWM through qualitative interviews comprising of 81 community members living in three different Communities -Kanda, Asylum Down, and Nima all in the Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA), Ghana. In addition, four officials were interviewed, and an activity worksheet for Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, & Threat (SWOT) analysis was developed based on responses from the study community members and officials. Participants were asked to identify implementation plans for SWM at different levels of government. Results indicated that community members and officials do not have expert knowledge of existing local and national laws for managing waste in Ghana. Study participants were also asked what targets are achieved with CPPAP; the study observed that community members have a good comprehension of SWM and are actively involved in managing waste. Notwithstanding that, enforcement of the listed guidelines to CPPAP has not been effective primarily due to lack of resources. Furthermore, to identify community members’ and policymakers’ viewpoints regarding SWM, the study found that the greater support of the local government and all stakeholders is needed in managing waste. The study identified significant threats and weaknesses of the CPPAP that include political interference and a lack of resources that can be overcome by strengths and opportunities, including community mobilization, employment opportunities. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on assessing implementation programs and policies for solid waste management in developing countries. Stakeholders of solid waste management will also benefit from the challenges unveiled in the study regarding waste management implementation plans and policies from governments.

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Donkor, Kweku. "Geography of Tuberculosis in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2763/.

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In Ghana, spatial patterns of TB vary for different regions and variations may occur within the same region. This study examines TB distribution in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Behavioral, cultural and economic variables associated with TB morbidity are examined. From January 1998 to June 1999, data obtained from the Ghana Ministry of Health revealed that, men had a higher TB rate than women, TB was common among the age groups 20-29 and 30-39, and the average TB rate of 67.7 per 100, 000 population in the Greater Accra Region was higher than the national average (58.6 per 100,000 population). Using the human ecology model, this study attempts to explain the spatial distribution of the disease.

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Demanya, Benoit Klenam. "(Re)mapping garbage, the privatization of waste management in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63290.pdf.

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Otoo, Emmanuel A. K. "Urban growth and institutional management of Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA), Ghana." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507298.

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Asamoa-Afriyie, Collins Kwesi. "Papanicolaou Test Status Among Inner-City Adolescent Girls in Accra, Ghana." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7458.

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Cervical cancer is an emerging public health problem in developing countries. Globally, it is the 3rd most common malignancy in women after breast and colorectal cancers and 4th most frequent cancer in women, with an estimated 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths in 2018. Cervical cancer screening in the developed countries is credited with the reductions in cervical cancer morbidity and mortality during the last 50 years. However, nearly 90% of cervical cancer deaths occur in less developed countries. Ghana has a cervical cancer rate of 26.4%. Further, it is the highest cancer incidence faced among women 25 to 44 years and has a mortality rate of 17.4% in this age group. Knowledge, culture, attitude, and beliefs are known to limit women's participation in Pap test screening programs. Guided by the health belief model, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine how knowledge, attitude, culture, and religious beliefs affected intent to seek Pap test screening among adolescent girls in Accra, Ghana. A total of 155 participants ages 16 to 20 years completed a 30-item questionnaire. Descriptive frequencies were calculated. Correlation and Chi-square tests were also performed to assess associations with intent to screen with Pap test. Most girls (92%) had never heard about Pap test screening. There were statistically significant correlations between cervical cancer knowledge (p=0.032) and attitude (p=0.001) with intent to participate in Pap test screening. However, culture (p=0.049) and religious beliefs (p=0.529) were not significantly associated with screening intent. The implications for social change include informing practice and research on how cervical cancer prevention programs can be tailored to girls living in countries where different cultural and religious values are practiced.

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Gillespie, Thomas Anthony. "Accumulation by urban dispossession : struggles over urban space in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5875/.

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Despite the growing recognition of the utility of Marxist theories of primitive accumulation for understanding the current ‘neoliberal’ phase of capitalist development, there is a lack of in-‐depth research on the particular dynamics that ‘accumulation by dispossession’ assumes at the urban scale. This is a problem compounded by the lack of dialogue between Marxist theorists of primitive accumulation and critical urban geographers researching neoliberalism at the urban scale, particularly in the context of the Global South. This thesis addresses these shortcomings through an in-‐depth empirical case study of struggles over urban space in Accra, Ghana. Situated within a critical urban theory approach, it draws on a range of qualitative data gathered during fieldwork to explore the actors, motives, mechanisms and struggles that lie behind accumulation by dispossession at the urban scale – or accumulation by urban dispossession -‐ in Accra. This thesis argues that neoliberal structural adjustment has created a large ‘informal proletariat’ in Accra. This dispossessed surplus population has been expelled from the formal capitalist economy and therefore has to create ‘urban commons’ in order to reproduce itself outside of the capital relation. Since these commons place limits to capital’s ability to valorise the urban fabric, state-‐led accumulation by urban dispossession is a strategic response that employs a range of physical-‐legal and discursive mechanisms to overcome these limits through the gentrification of the urban environment, the enclosure of the urban commons, and the expulsion of the informal poor. The thesis also demonstrates how non-‐state actors in Accra enact accumulation by urban dispossession through governmental technologies that reshape the subjectivities of informal settlement dwellers so as to enclose them within a market logic. Rather than being passive victims, however, this thesis argues that Accra’s informal proletariat actively contests accumulation by urban dispossession by creating and defending urban commons through a combination of everyday acts of ‘quiet encroachment’ and organised collective action.

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Yakubu, Afisah. "Beyond the numbers: confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in Accra-Ghana." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210434.

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Maternal mortality remains a severe problem in many parts of the world, despite efforts to reach MDG 5. Assessing progress towards this goal is difficult because maternal mortality is difficult to measure and the information available at country level does not generally permit the establishment of good baseline data. Countries with high maternal mortality ratios neither have adequate vital registration systems nor adequate resources to carry out surveys. Only few low-income countries have been able to establish a comprehensive reporting system and even where such vital registration systems are in place, maternal deaths are often underreported or misclassified as non-maternal even in large well developed cities.

Ghana belongs to the group of low-income countries with high maternal mortality ratios (point estimate 560, lower bound 200 and upper bound 1300) per 100,000 live births and inadequate data on maternal deaths. Previous studies have demonstrated that most of these deaths could be prevented with existing effective practices.

In this dissertation, we looked at the registration system of births and deaths in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. We assessed completeness of registration of maternal deaths and data quality. We also looked at the degree of underreporting of maternal deaths, assessed causes of maternal deaths and substandard care of these cases through a confidential enquiry. This enabled us to identify problems associated with measuring of maternal mortality in Ghana and the standard of care of the cases. Through our findings we were able to make recommendations to achieve MDG 5 in the country by 2015 if implemented. Other maternal and child health (MCH) interventions were also looked as working to improve MCH is a continuum, and no aspect should be neglected. The first relates to seeking evidence based practice in presence of potentially complicated obstetrical conditions like premature rupture of membranes and the second pertains to preventive activities in MCH and concentrates on the results of tetanus immunisation of women in their reproductive age in the Northern Region of Ghana.

Objectives

1.\
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Carl, Florian. "Berlin/Accra : music, travel, and the production of space /." Berlin : Lit, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3321294&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Carl, Florian. "Berlin, Accra music, travel, and the production of space." Berlin Münster Lit, 2007. http://d-nb.info/994761260/04.

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Parker, John Stephen. "Ga state and society in early colonial Accra, 1860s-1920s." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297229.

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Ernest, Agyemang. "TRAFFIC CONGESTION:THE BANE OF A BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM IN ACCRA, GHANA?" Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5501.

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The role of transportation to urban dwellers cannot be overemphasised. Transportation enables employment, education, health services and leisure. Indeed, it ensures proper “urban insertion” (Wane, 2001, p.1). However, owing to high levels of motorization, in recent times, inadequate traffic management strategies, as well as inadequate land use and transportation planning, traffic congestion is not uncommon in cities all over the world. The economic, social, environmental and safety costs of traffic congestion are numerous and have gained much attention in the existing literature. This study proceeds with the aim of identifying the causes and the extent to which traffic congestion in the Ghanaian capital city of Accra, conspired with other factors to collapse a pilot Bus Rapid Transit System which was introduced to curb traffic congestion in the city once and for all.

With the use of the triangulation approach, research tools belonging to both the quantitative and qualitative methods of doing research, such the GIS-based techniques; five key informant in-depth interviews; three semi-structured interviews; a focus group discussion and participatory observation, in addition to using the Time-Geographic framework, the Structuration and General Systems theories respectively as interpretative guides, this study made interesting findings.

Improper land use practises, poor siting of terminals and transit points regardless of planning and architectural principles, activities of the informal economy and the woefully inadequate transport infrastructure were identified as the factors that cause traffic congestion on the Kimbu-Adenta highway on which the pilot BRTS operated. While traffic congestion made it impossible to operate scheduled bus services and increased the operational costs of the pilot project, other factors such as unhealthy competition among transport operators in Accra, the absence of a supporting legislative instrument, internal human lapses and the lack of public education were also identified as having contributed to the demise of the pilot BRTS.

Proposals to reduce traffic congestion such as improving transport infrastructure, congestion pricing, enhancing accidents management mechanisms and the implementation of the comprehensive Urban Transport Project (UTP) would not only mitigate traffic congestion but will improve the overall performance of public transportation provision in the city and ensure the success of a future BRTS in Ghana.

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Stevens-Benefo, Helen. "Perceptions of Home and Small Business Owners on Insurance in Accra, Ghana." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/473.

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Insurance is a prudent option to mitigate business risk and property loss caused by natural disasters. The current study took place in Accra, Ghana, and was prompted by the low adoption of insurance and limited understanding by home and small business owners of its risk mitigation value. The purpose of this multiple-case study was to explore information insurance companies' need to motivate investment in weather-related insurance. The interview questions of the study served to explore the reasons business owners and homeowners purchase or decline insurance, including their understanding of and receptivity to insurance. The theoretical underpinning of this study included the Butterfoss and Kegler's community coalition action theory and Freire's empowerment theory. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 17 insured and uninsured homeowners and business owners. Interview data were thematically analyzed using a process of constant comparison of transcripts. The important themes that emerged from the analysis included the lack of trust in insurance providers, a lack of availability of alternate coping mechanisms, consumers' limited understanding of insurance, and the lack of public education and awareness of disaster risks. The findings indicated that educational programs should promote the needs and benefits for insurance, the government should enforce insurance laws and regulations, and insurance organizations should improve insurance marketing practices to build trust. These findings may contribute to positive social change by creating awareness among Ghanaians about the benefits of insurance to mitigate the effects of natural disasters. Research findings may be useful to insurance business leaders seeking to increase revenue and profitability

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Andersson, Helene. "Colonial Urban Legacies : An analysis of socio-spatial structures in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-315236.

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Gregorius, Stefanie. "Transitions to adulthood : the experiences of youth with disabilities in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/15835.

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Youth with disabilities are amongst the poorest and most marginalised of young people worldwide. Approximately 80 per cent of disabled young people live in countries of the Global South. Despite a growing body of research problematising youth transitions in situations of poverty and increasing interest in disability issues beyond the Global North, little is known about how youth with disabilities in the Global South make their transitions to adulthood. This thesis addresses this gap by reporting on a qualitative study on the transitions to adulthood of young people with different impairments living primarily in Accra, Ghana. Using innovative, participatory methods, it explores young people s individual narratives within the areas of education, employment, and social and community life, and the ways in which these shape their life trajectories. The study shows that the transitions to adulthood of youth with disabilities in Accra are substantially influenced by disability-related factors and processes that are socio-spatially embedded and intricately intertwined. Disabling social and physical environments restrict disabled young people s participation in education, employment, and social and community life, which increases their vulnerability to marginalisation and exclusion in society. As a consequence, their transitions to adulthood are even more complex, protracted, and uncertain than for their non-disabled peers. Youth with disabilities, however, use a variety of coping strategies to navigate the challenges they face associated with school, work, and social life in their attempts to achieve adulthood. Foregrounding the voices of young people with differing categories of social difference challenges the hitherto existing homogenisation of the lives of youth with disabilities in the Global South highlighting their agency and capabilities as well as the complex ways in which they negotiate transitions during the life-course.

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Frempong-Ainguah, Faustina. "Measuring a population's health : an exploration of women's health status in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374700/.

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Antwi, Ardakwah Yaw. "Urban land markets in Sub-Saharan Africa : a quantitative study of Accra Ghana." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2000. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2504.

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The existing body of knowledge attributes to informal land transactions in sub-Saharan African cities observed problems in city neighbourhoods. However, the dearth of empirically insightful studies of how this eventuates continues to leave a vacuum in terms of practical solutions. But it is commonly held that bureaucratic intervention offers a way out. Substantial resources, often backed by donor agencies, are therefore being spent in revamping bureaux and governmental bodies in a bid to solving the problems. This thesis sets as its central aim to identify and establish the costs to agents of the real causes of the problems. It also aims to assess the economic impact of formal policy measures on agents and recommends feasible approaches to market regulations. To address the objectives insights from property rights, transactions costs and public choice economics are brought to bear. Based on a survey of market participants of sampled informal neighbourhoods in Accra, the capital city of Ghana, it employs regression and discriminant analyses to analyse the data generated. In the process helpful insights are gained. It has been possible to put some figures to the extent of costs that lead agents to operate in ways that eventually translate into the problems commonly witnessed. The study finds that actual costs to market participants of government activities are too high to be of any benefit. These costs mainly derive from rent-seeking behaviour which extensive bureaucratic intervention of transactions in urban residential lands bring about. On the basis of the results of the regression analysis, arguments implying inefficiency of informal land markets, specifically relating to the arbitrary nature of prices, are refuted. The futility of the use of compulsory purchase powers to create residential neighbourhoods also emerges from the results of the discriminant analysis. Similarly, efficiency' enhancing bureaucratic interventions in the informal market lead to the diversion of real resources into wasteful rent-seeking expenditures. The sum of these wasteful diversions of resources explains a great deal of the haphazard developments that have come to characterise many neighbourhoods of cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Market led regulation emerges as the needed focus of future land policy and management strategy. But to work the study calls for the removal of unwarranted market interventions extant at the present moment and the reorganisation of bureaux to be responsible in ways that would induce them to operate efficiently.

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Eghan, Edmund Sekyi. "Factors Associated With Maternal Mortality in Greater Accra Ghana 2016: Case-Control Study." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7921.

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Maternal mortality is a critical area of concern globally, despite the availability of accessible preventive measures. The role of sociodemographic and service delivery factors in maternal mortality in the Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana are important to examine. As part of the United Nations (UN) Millennium Campaign, the UN implemented 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); maternal mortality reduction by 75% between 1990 and 2015 was among the fundamental MDGs to be achieved by 2015. The purpose of this case-control study was to use secondary data to assess the relationships between sociodemographic variables, service delivery factors, and maternal mortality among 8,171 women of reproductive age (15-45 years) living in the Greater Accra metropolitan area in Ghana. The health belief model and social cognitive theory provided the theoretical framework to interpret the study findings. Particularly, income (p = .023), primary (p = .035) and secondary (p = .002) education, and health insurance (p = .008) were significantly associated with maternal-related mortality. However, for survival outcome, health insurance (p = .003), prenatal care (p = .001), and presence of a skilled attendant at delivery (p = .020) were significant factors. These study results provide support for the significant effects of sociodemographic and service delivery factors on maternal mortality and survivorship in the Greater Accra metropolitan area in Ghana. The results of this study could enhance educational and outreach programs designed to lower maternal mortality rate. Further research needs to be done to advance knowledge and practice in health delivery services and public health education with respect to the importance of sociodemographic and service delivery characteristics.

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Antwi-Agyei, Prince. "Wastewater use in urban agriculture : an exposure and risk assessment in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2015. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2352419/.

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In order to minimize the health risks to agricultural workers, and consumers of wastewater irrigated produce, the World Health Organisation has developed guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture. This study sought to test the appropriateness of the current Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment model and the multiple-barrier approach advocated by the WHO guidelines. Over a one year period, over 500 produce and ready-to-eat salad samples were collected from fields, markets, and kitchens in Accra, Ghana, and over 300 soil and irrigation water samples were collected. All samples were analysed for E. coli, human adenovirus and norovirus using standard microbiological procedures. In addition, almost 700 participants including farmers, food vendors, and consumers were interviewed and observed to assess critical exposures associated with the transmission of faecal pathogens. The results showed that irrigation water was significantly more contaminated than farm soil, though exposure to soil was found to pose the key risk to farmers due to hand-to-mouth events. Over 80% of produce samples were found contaminated with E. coli, with street food salad being the most contaminated (4.23 Log E. coli/g), and that consumption of salads did not meet health standards. Risk factors identified for produce contamination included farm soil contamination, wastewater use for irrigation, poor hygiene, and operating with a hygiene permit. Awareness of the source of irrigation water was low, but despite the high awareness of health risk, consumers did not prioritize health indicators when buying produce from vendors. Similarly, farmers’ awareness of health risk did not influence their adoption of safer farm practices. The study recommends the promotion of interventions that would result in more direct benefits to producers and vendors, together with hygiene education and inspection, hygiene certification and enforcement of food safety byelaws in order to increase the uptake of the multi-barrier approach.

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Quaye, Daniel M., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The impact of the extended family on microenterprise growth in Ghana: A case study of Accra." Deakin University, 1998. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051123.122956.

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This study examines the extended family's impact on microenterprise growth at the individual level, where microenterprise operators have some control over constraints affecting their operations. Beyond the individual level, microenterprise operators have little control over constraints such as government policies and regulations, competition from import-substitution industries and exploitation by corrupt officials. Therefore, it is at the individual level that the extended family serves as a crucial parameter of microenterprise growth and the success with which MEs graduate from the informal sector into the mainstreams of small business. Within this domain, this author has examined the extended family and found that there is a need for policy makers and MED administrators to adopt a more culturally sensitive approach to microenterprise growth if the extended family is to be engaged as a partner in their efforts to support microenterprises as a source of income and employment generation, A central question posed is why most writers on microenterprise activities in Ghana have neglected the extended family as a factor that should be considered in the design of microenterprise growth strategies and policies? The answer to this question was explored in the process of data gathering for this thesis and the results are presented here, especially in chapter 3 below. Suffice it to note here that this neglect has many roots, not least of which is the proclivity of mainstream economics, modern administration practice and the objectivity of double entry accounting based documentation procedures to focus on measurable growth in the formal sectors of the economy and structural constraints such as the lack of finance, lack of market demand, lack of access to technology and government regulations. Consequently, a noticeable trend among these writers is that they rightly advocate finance be made accessible to microenterprises, however, few question whether the finance is effectively used towards microenterprise growth. This issue is crucial in the face of evidence from this study which shows that finance accessed towards microenterprise growth is often put to other uses that negate growth thus keeping microenterprises within the bounds of the informal sector as against graduating out of the informal sector. As a result, these writers have neglected the intimate relations between the extended family and microenterprises, and most importantly, the constraint that the extended family inflicts on microenterprise growth at the individual level of activity. This study, by targeting the growth of the individual microenterprise in the socio-cultural context in which this growth must be achieved, has highlighted the constraint that the extended family does pose on MED. However, the study also shows that these constraints are important not because there is anything inherently wrong with the extended family, but because the socio-economic and policy environment is not consistent with the positive role that the extended family can and should play in the graduation of microenterprises from the informal to the formal sector of the economy in Ghana.

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Adaawen, Stephen A. "Street Hawking and Urban Space Regulation : The Case of Street Hawkers in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17022.

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Street hawking/vending is an important activity in the informal sector which serves as a source of livelihood to many people in most developing countries across the world. The activities of hawkers mostly in urban centres as they try to eke out a living is always not only beset with challenges but has often raised a lot of concerns from governments, city authorities and other actors. This situation as highlighted is not different from what pertains in Accra-Ghana. Street hawking/vending has been designated as illegal. The activities of hawkers, the problems and challenges that emerge have necessitated a decongestion and relocation of the hawkers to a constructed market; the first of its kind in the country. However, the exercise undertaken by the city authorities has also brought with it challenges and problems and hence implications for all the actors involved. This study sought to examine in the face of urban space regulation, the socio-economic impact of the relocation of street hawkers to the Odawna Pedestrian Market at the Kwame Nkrumah Circle (avenue) in Accra. Specifically, the study tried to unveil: (i) the underlying reasons behind the policies resulting in the relocation of the hawkers by the Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA); (ii) find out the livelihood impacts of the relocation exercise on the hawkers; (iii) to seek the views of both the AMA authorities, the hawkers and the public on the relocation of the street hawkers. Further, attempts have been made to find out why people hawk or sell on the streets and pavements of the city; who these people are (their profiles) and why the hawkers do not want to relocate to the newly constructed Odawna pedestrian market. The livelihoods framework, structuration theory and place concept are the main theories that have been used in tandem with published data and information to analyse the qualitative data gathered. The qualitative method employed to gather the data consisted of participant and covert observation as well as in-depth interviews of a total of 28 informants of which 23 of them were primary informants and 5 being key informants. Snowball sampling was the main sampling design used for the interviews. The study has revealed that the underlying reasons why people sell on streets and pavements is mainly as a result of unemployment due to limited job opportunities and poverty. It is highlighted that in spite of the fact that many people of varying ages and sex are engaged in hawking, the youth are the most dominant. In the light of challenges, it is shown in this study that these challenges have informed the relocation exercise embarked by the AMA which has in turn affected the hawkers socio-economically and psychologically. In reference to the foregoing, the study concludes that even though the AMA has succeeded in moving a significant number of the hawkers to the constructed market, its main goal of totally getting rid of hawkers from the streets and pavements has been unsuccessful. It is further brought to light that, the activity which is a livelihood to many and present in all the major cities of Africa and in neighbouring West African countries is deeply ingrained in the psyche of the people. In this regard, there is the need to adopt more pragmatic measures and strategies to address the situation. Against this background, several recommendations have been made by the study to help tackle the hawking activity. It is noted however that the sample interviewed does not represent the broad views of the many hawkers in the country and the actors involved in the activity. In cognizance of this, areas have been identified for further research so as to give more insights into the dynamics of street hawking in the country.

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Morinville, Cynthia. "Beyond the pipe : participation and alternative water provision in underserved areas of Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43541.

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Drinking water remains inaccessible for approximately 783 million people globally – an increasing portion of whom now live in cities. The incapability of municipal provision systems (both public and private) to adequately supply urban citizens means that for many of them water access is negotiated every day in places nowhere near a tap. Instead, points of access are located beyond the pipe, along informal delivery lines. This thesis aims to evaluate the potential of two alternative modes of provision in urban Accra –participatory water governance offering new points of access in underserved communities and small-scale private service providers producing sachet water. Through an exploration of the flows of water as it leaves the municipal mains, this thesis offers a qualitative account of water access in underserved areas in Accra, Ghana. Specifically, Chapter 2 examines participatory water governance in the form of Local Water Boards established throughout the last decade in several neighbourhoods of Accra. Through a discussion of participation’s limits, the chapter argues that a narrow approach to participation, less attentive to other multi-scalar political and social processes at play, undermines the possibilities to improve water access and foster more inclusive water governance in Accra. Chapter 3 offers an analysis of small-scale private service providers looking at the case of Accra’s flourishing sachet water industry –sachets are 500 ml bags of water manufactured locally and distributed throughout the city. The chapter argues that the sachet industry redefines water production and alters its distribution in Accra in a way unaccounted for by the small-scale private service providers literature. The sachet water industry in Accra alters the physical flows of water as well as the power relation vis-à-vis municipal authorities and as such has significant implications for water governance. This thesis is based on qualitative fieldwork including semi-structured interviews, field and participant observations, water user surveys, and document analysis conducted throughout two field seasons in Accra, Ghana (June to August 2011 and June to September 2012).

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Tamura, Kosuke. "The Demand for Solid Waste Collection in Accra (Ghana): A Willingness-to-pay Study." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1129154655.

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Herko, Joel. "Religionsundervisning i en afrikansk kontext : en jämförelse av tre olika skolor i Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-604.

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I denna studie undersöker och analyserar jag religionsundervisningen i tre olika skolor i Ghanas huvudstad Accra. De tre skolorna har alla olika profiler, varav en är muslimsk, en är kristen och en saknar religiös profil eller är icke-konfessionell. De tre skolorna är således Islamic Educational Unit, Presbyterian Boys Secondary School samt University Primary School.

Studiens syfte är att jämföra hur religionsundervisningen ser ut och bedrivs i de olika skolorna, vilka olika religioner som presenteras i undervisningen och hur man ställer sig till olika aspekter av religionsundervisningen och religion i allmänhet, och hur ämnet är upplagt. Jag vill undersöka huruvida religionsundervisningen i de olika skolorna domineras av någon religion och ifall någon religion helt lämnas utanför. Detta är viktigt för att ge en bild av hur skolornas karaktär ser ut och hur man prioriterar i undervisningen. Undersökningen innebär en jämförelse mellan skolorna, vad som skiljer och vad som är likt i den undervisning som ges till ungdomar i några av Accras skolor. För att få den bästa och mest övergripande bilden av hur undervisningen ser ut, krävs en stor tonvikt på lärarna. Eftersom lärarna ger så stark prägel på undervisningen, behövs det även framhållas hur de personligen ser på religion i olika syften.

För att nå mina mål och syften, kommer jag att arbeta utifrån följande frågeställningar:

• Vilka böcker och vilken litteratur används i samband med undervisningen?

• Vilken syn har lärarna på religion som ett ämne i skolan?

• Vilken är lärarnas personliga syn på religion, och religionen i samhället?

• Vilka religioner presenteras i undervisningen?

The purpose of this study was to examine how religion as a subject in school is taught in three different schools in the capitol of Ghana, Accra. The schools have different religious profiles; Muslim, Christian and non-confessional. The aim is to present a view on the subject of religion that is taught in these different schools, what separates them and what is common to them.

The result was slightly surprising, because all the schools seemed more similar than different. That is not what you could expect from the beginning, but it has its reasons. In Ghana there is and always has been a strong freedom of worship, and they have never suffered from problems with religious disputes in modern times. Certainly that is because of the education that is given in the schools. Every student is taught about the three main religions in Ghana, and they learn about them in detail. The main difference between the three schools is that the Christian school has its own subject (Christian Religious Studies), and that the Muslim school has mandatory teaching in Arabic and Islam. Besides that, the similarities are much more visible than the differences. Much of that is because of the economic situation in the country, there are no options, and therefore the education is similar in most of the schools.

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Obosu-Mensah, Kwaku. "Food production in urban areas, a case study of urban agriculture in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0011/NQ41481.pdf.

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Hofny-Collins, Anna. "The potential for using composted municipal waste in agriculture : the case of Accra, Ghana /." Uppsala : Dept. of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200665.pdf.

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Burrell, Jennifer. "Producing the internet and development : an ethnography of internet café use in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/636/.

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The United Nation's World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), that took place between 2003 and 2005, elevated the 'information society' to the level of 'gender equality' 'environmental sustainability' and 'human rights' as one of the central Development tropes of our time. The concept of the network has come to figure heavily in the political discourse of both developed and developing nations and transnational agencies. These organizations employ statistics, academic theories, popular wisdom, and utopian visions shaped by Western experiences to extrapolate an expected impact of new technologies on the developing world. However, to date there has been very little on-the-ground research on the diffusion and appropriation of these technologies as it is taking place in developing nations and how this might challenge and reorient the expectations of traditional Development perspectives. This thesis seeks to provide such a response drawing on the experiences of Internet café users in Accra, the capital city of Ghana where an estimated 500 to 1000 of these small businesses were in operation. Departing from the categories and hierarchies favoured within Development circles, my approach is to look holistically at the way the Internet was produced as a meaningful and useful tool through the practices of users. The practices that defined the Internet in Accra encompassed not only individual activities at the computer interface, but also other formal and informal, collective and everyday rituals such as story-telling, religious practices, and play and socializing among youth. A similar production process was observable in the activities of the Development experts and government officials who arrived in Accra in February 2005 to discuss the role of networking technologies in socio-economic development at the WSIS Africa regional conference. The activities of both groups reconstituted the Internet, Development and the relationship between the two, but along very divergent pathways.

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Clifford, Jane Elizabeth. "Gender, social change and spiritual power : a study of charismatic Christianity in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428525.

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BOAKYE-BOATEN, AGYA. "AN EXAMINATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF STREET CHILDREN IN SELECTED COMMUNITIES IN ACCRA (GHANA)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1162599630.

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Korah, Andrews. "Frontier Urbanization and Affirmative Action in Urban Ghana: A Case of Airport City, Accra." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1595878309570218.

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Önder, Ertugrul Deniz. "SOLAR ENERGY & ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR A 20-HOUSE COMMUNITY IN ACCRA, GHANA." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211681.

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A renewable energy and energy storage system is designed for a project of 20 upscale houses to be constructed in Accra, Ghana is the Swedish start-up company of AsaDuru. Renewable energy generation and storage methods are investigated and the suitable types of generation methods and the components which shall be used in these are decided. Detailed information about the target project site is attained through a visit funded by a Minor Field Studies scholarship, and a comprehensive economic analysis based on local conditions is made. It is found that a solar energy system using poly-crystalline modules, lithium-ion batteries and a generator back-up would be the most suitable system design for this project, and the only way to fulfill economic criteria. A renewable energy fraction of 98% is achieved at a cost level of 26 740$/house, roughly 10% lower than the set upper limit of 30 000$.
Ett system för skörd och lagring av förnybar energi för 20 exklusiva, projekterade hus i Accra, Ghana har planerats för det svenska start-up företaget AsaDuru. Metoder för att generera och lagra förnybar energi utreds och de lämpliga typer av generationsmetoder och komponenter som skall användas i dessa bestäms. Detaljerad information om Ghana samlads genom Minor Field Studies (MFS), och en omfattande ekonomisk analys för projektets genomförande gjordes. Resultaten visar att ett solenergisystem, med hjälp av poly-kristallina moduler, litiumjonbatterier och en back-up generator skulle vara det lämpligaste systemdesign för detta projekt, och det enda sättet att uppfylla dets ekonomiska kriterier. En fraktion på 98% förnybar energi uppnås vid kostnadsnivån 26 740$/hus, ungefär 10% lägre än den beslutade övre gränsen på 30 000 $.

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Osei, I. F. "Exporing the opportunities and challenges to the use of emergency contraception in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536839.

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Alhassan, Hadisu. "Capacity expansion of urban water supplies : a case of Accra-Tema metropolitan area, Ghana." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51612.

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The supply-demand gap of potable water in rapidly growing urban cities in developing countries has become a major challenge. This is potentially worsened by poor and superficial assessment of the complex parameters of water resources and treatment technologies regarding capacity expansion. The estimated daily demand of 150 million gallons in the Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area (ATMA) region of Ghana far outweighs the daily supply of 94 million gallons. In this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach, through the inputs of experts in the water industry in Ghana, is used to assign weights to the identified significant factors that impact on selecting the best alternative source for urban water supply capacity expansion in the ATMA region. Three alternative plants, alongside their respective sources, are considered — the Weija, the Kpong, and the Teshie Desalination plants. The decision criteria considered are environmental, economic, technical, and socio-cultural criteria, with each having sub-criteria. In analysing the pairwise comparative judgments by the experts, the environmental criterion was found to be the most important criterion with the highest priority weight, followed by the economic, the technical and the socio-cultural criteria. In the analysis, the Kpong treatment plant ranked first with a score of 36.1%. This was followed by the Weija and Teshie desalination plants, which scored 33.8 and 30.2% respectively. Sensitivity analysis on the model revealed that the model is sensitive to the environmental and economic criteria while being robust to the technical and socio-cultural criteria. Sensitivity, in relative terms, indicated that the resource availability sub-criterion is the most critical, while that of the energy sub-criterion proved the most critical in absolute terms.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate

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Jach, Regina. "Migration, Religion und Raum : ghanaische Kirchen in Accra, Kumasi und Hamburg in Prozessen von Kontinuität und Kulturwandel /." Münster : Lit, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399089713.

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Hamidu-Yakubu, Jamila. "Transnational political participation of the Ghanaian diaspora in London and Accra." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD9999.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la thématique de la participation politique qui continue d’être au coeur de la problématique du fonctionnement des démocraties consolidées comme de celles qui sont en voie de consolidation. Premièrement la thèse porte sur la participation politique de la diaspora ghanéenne première et deuxième générations dans la politique britannique généralement et lors de Brexit. La thèse examine le lien entre la construction de l’identité ghanéenne à Londres et l’engagement politique en Grand Bretagne. Deuxièmement elle analyse l’engagement politique transnational de la diaspora envers le Ghana, en s’appuyant sur le cas de la diaspora à Londres. Elle étudie les actes qui peuvent se traduire comme pratique politique de la diaspora ghanéenne notamment dans le cas d’absence de droit de vote de la diaspora ghanéenne à l’étranger. Troisième elle examine l’engagement politique des « retournées » au Ghana comme les gardiens de la démocratie ghanéenne. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la notion que peu d’études ou travaux de recherche ont été réalisés sur l’engagement politique de la diaspora Ghanéenne dans le pays d’accueil et le pays d’origine. Elle a pour objectif de démontrer qu’à travers l’engagement politique, comment une communauté diasporique s’intègre dans le pays d’accueil, et à travers ce même processus d’engagement politique transnational, comment ils deviennent une force politique dans leur pays d’origine.L’étude reconstitue l’engagement politique de la diaspora à Londres et les stratégies utilisées par les élites de la diaspora lors des élections nationales au Ghana. Elle se concentre sur l’engagement politique de cette élite diasporique une fois au Ghana, les stratégies mises en place pour consolider leur place de l’élite politique issue de la diaspora. Les villes de Londres et Accra ont été choisies pour observer :- les interactions, aux niveaux national et international.- les logiques véhiculées par les groupes influents ainsi que- leur emprise sur le jeu politique, tout en rendant compte, à partir d’une étude longitudinale, ethnographique, des entretiens, discussions depuis 2010 et exploitation des questionnaires semi-directive administrés, auprès des membres de la diaspora à Londres et les « retournées » à Accra.Les résultats de ces enquêtes de terrain ont démontré que la diaspora ghanéenne a historiquement joué un rôle important dans la construction politique et démocratique du Ghana et elle continue ainsi à jouer le rôle du développement du pays à la fois politique et économique
This thesis deals with the topic of political participation, which continues to be at the core of the debates on the functioning of democratic institutions in emerging democracies as well as in consolidated democracies. Focusing specifically on the political engagement of the Ghanaian diaspora (first –and-second generations) in UK politics and transnational political engagement of first-generation Ghanaians towards Ghana, also returnee diaspora political engagement in Accra, Ghana. Firstly, it analyses the scope and extent to which the Ghanaian diaspora identity is formed in the UK with ties to the Black British identity and its influences on the Ghanaian community voting patterns in UK politics especially during the Brexit vote in 2016. Furthermore, how does political participation in UK politics fosters integration, or integration fosters political participation of the Ghanaian community? Secondly it examines how the Ghanaian diaspora negotiates their transnational identity and political participation towards Ghana. Being disenfranchised to exercise their external voting rights, how does it impact the power relations between Ghanaian diaspora and the Ghanaian government? Thirdly, what are the role returnee diaspora play in Ghanaian politics? Are political returnees the vanguards of Ghana’s political stability?Drawing from a longitudinal and ethnographic field work investigations and analysis, in Accra and in London since 2010 coupled with focused group discussion in both locations. A semi-structured interviewees method and questionnaires were administered to respondents in both locations to ascertain how the diasporic and returnee populationJamila HAMIDU-YAKUBU Doctoral Thesis in Political Science 2021 5perceive the lack of diaspora political participation in the context of Ghana’s democratisation processes. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the historic role that the Ghanaian diaspora have contributed in Ghanaian political and democratic governance and how they still contribute to Ghana’s political and democratic consolidation. The fieldwork analysis has demonstrated that the Ghanaian diaspora still remains an important component of development in Ghana both politically and economically. The fieldwork results have also illustrated the contribution of Ghanaian diaspora in UK political diversity

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Lidzén, Linda. "A Comparative Study of the Social Welfare Provided by Three Christian Churches in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-466.

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The family is the first and oldest provider of social welfare in the West African country of Ghana. However, colonisation and urbanisation has changed that role and today additional providers of social welfare can be found; the government, religious organisations (churches etc), non-religious organisations and Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs).

This study will confirm the claim that the church takes on a role as a surrogate family and that it steps in where the government is not present, doing social work which is intended for the government. The study will also investigate what kind of social work the churches carry out (including what they put their focus on, which is dependent on their finance and location) and how these different projects are financed.

The study was conducted during a six week period in Accra, capital of Ghana. Representatives from three Christian congregations (Presbyterian Church of Ghana in Kaneshie, Global Evangelical Church in Kotobabi and International Central Gospel Church in Teshie) were interviewed, as was Dr. Ayidiya at the Department of Social Work, University of Ghana, in order to get background information on the present social welfare system in Ghana.

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Simon-Loriere, Hélène. "Conditions de vie et projets migratoires des réfugiés libériens à Conakry (Guinée) et Accra (Ghana)." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959961.

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Cette thèse de géographie s'est intéressée à la situation en 2008-2009 des réfugiés libériens dans deux capitales d'Afrique de l'Ouest, Conakry en Guinée et Accra au Ghana. À l'issue du conflit au Libéria, elle pose la question de l'avenir de ces réfugiés urbains dans ces deux pays proches du Libéria où ils avaient trouvé refuge entre 1990 et 2003. Inscrite dans le champ des Forced Migration Studies, elle interroge leurs conditions de vie et leurs projets migratoires : comptaient-ils rentrer au Libéria, rester dans ces pays d'asile ou bien partir pour d'autres destinations ? Leurs expériences de migration forcée sont replacées dans les contextes du conflit libérien et de l'accueil dans ces deux pays, puis présentées par la restitution de leurs parcours d'exil dans les pays de la Mano River. À travers la répartition géographique de ces réfugiés libériens, marquée par l'absence de camp à Conakry et la présence de celui de Buduburam en périphérie d'Accra, et à travers leurs modes de subsistance pour survivre et s'organiser dans chaque capitale, les processus de reterritorialisation sont interrogés. Enfin, la trilogie des " solutions durables " proposée par le HCR - rapatriement volontaire, intégration locale, réinstallation - est revisitée au prisme des tactiques migratoires post-conflit de ces réfugiés.

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Johnson, Lacey. "Understanding the Livelihoods of Women in the Local Foodscape: A Case Study of Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18745.

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Women farmers in Accra, Ghana function in spaces that are delineated by gendered social, political and economic structures. It is essential for planners and policymakers to understand the gender dynamics involved, so as not to increase burdens on women's productive and reproductive roles on urban farms. This thesis problematizes the solitary subject of urban women in development, situating them into the context of Accra's urban and peri-urban spaces. My research draws on feminist theory to highlight the intersectionalities of women in Accra and the way that their individual experiences are impacted by homogenous development frameworks. The case study examines the role of urban and peri-urban agriculture in addressing the needs of women farmers in Accra. The findings of this study acknowledge various forms of empowerment and autonomy that women experience as urban farmers in Accra, and they highlight how the hybridity of urban agriculture is challenging mainstream urban development.

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Tetteh, Komiete. "The new middle class and urban transformation in Africa : a case study of Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57950.

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The ascendance of the so-called global middle class—characterized as young, ambitious, highly-credentialed, well-paid, urban-based, professionals in the so-called emerging economies of the Global South—as a new socio-economic force has captured much international attention in the scholarly, business and media circles. For the most part, however, the discourse on this nascent social group has geographically focused on emerging Asia and thematically centered on their lifestyle characteristics and their related political and economic ramifications, locally and globally. In Africa, where the growth of the middle class has been paralleled by widespread socio-economic and urban transformation, little, if any, scholarly and policy effort have been made to understand the nature and ramifications of the nexus between the middle class expansion and the reconfigurations taking place in the urban form and space economies of cities. Seeking to tell the African version or story of the rise of the new middle class and their role in the on-going remaking of urban Africa, this thesis examines patterns of new economic activity and occupations, secondary service centres, housing, education and conspicuous consumption, including their broader spatial attributes and internal configurations, in one transitional African city, Accra, the capital of Ghana, as a case study. Drawing on a range of methods that include analyses of media coverage, policy briefs, scholarly works, plans and census data, the study unravels deep connections between the forces of globalization, structural change, class (re)production and new industrial and spatial formations in metropolitan Accra. The case study also highlights the different place-making strategies and tactics—covert and overt, direct and indirect, practical and ideological—employed by the new middle classes to reshape, territorialize and control urban space through the production and consumption of “privileged” landscapes that fits their vision and ideals of contemporary urban structure and social life. In addition to analyzing the impact and implications of these emergent middle-class landscapes for Accra’s spatial harmony and social cohesion, the research underscores the need for African urban governments to adopt innovative land use and social engineering approaches that encourage the mixing of diverse social groups in planned new residential communities, protect urban green space, and minimize the gentrifying effects of middle-class place-making.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate

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Salifu, Yendork Joana. "The psychological functioning and experiences following placement in orphanages : an exploratory study of orphanhood in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96074.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Parental loss and orphanage placement can be stressful and can negatively influence the well-being of children. However, few studies have been conducted on the psychological well-being of Ghanaian orphans placed in orphanages. As a result, the impact of orphanage placement following parental loss in Ghana is not well understood. The present study aimed to explore the psychological functioning and experiences of orphaned children placed in orphanages in comparison to non-orphaned children in Accra, Ghana. A mixed-method design with elements of both quantitative and qualitative approaches was used. For quantitative data, questionnaires were used to source information pertaining to quality of life, stress (symptoms of depression and anxiety), problems experienced during the month, coping strategies, perceived social support, perceived self-efficacy and resilience. For qualitative data, follow-up interviews with selected orphaned participants were used to delve into participants’ experiences of placement in an orphanage. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who were aged between seven and 17 years. The sample comprised 100 orphaned children, placed in four orphanages, and 100 non-orphans sampled from two public schools in Accra. The quantitative data were analysed using the t-test, the chi-square test, Pearson product-moment correlation analyses, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analyses. The qualitative data were analysed through content and thematic analyses. The results revealed that orphaned children showed more anxiety symptoms than non-orphans but both groups of children presented with high levels of depressive symptoms. The predominant problems for both groups of children were problems with school and relationship problems with peers and caregivers. However, for orphaned children, relationship problems with peers were commonly cited whereas for non-orphans, problems cited were relationship difficulties with caregivers. Despite the heightened emotional distress, orphaned children reported high levels of self-efficacy and resilience as well as stronger perceptions of available support from friends than non-orphans. Non-orphaned children perceived significantly stronger support from families than orphaned children. Regression analyses also revealed that for orphaned children, anxiety and support-seeking coping emerged as significant predictors of qualify of life whereas depression emerged as a significant predictor of quality of life for non-orphaned children. Self-efficacy emerged as a significant positive predictor of resilience for orphaned children whereas self-efficacy and perceived social support emerged as significant positive predictors of resilience for non-orphans. The results of the thematic analyses of the follow-up interviews with selected orphans also revealed that orphanage placement evoked both negative and positive experiences. While orphanages provided structure, nurturance, a safe home environment and avenues for positive peer relationships that engendered a sense of belonging, they were also associated with financial constraints and relationship problems with peers and caregivers. In addition, the Christian-religious orientation of the orphaned children appeared to foster orphans’ well-being. The present study provided evidence that both the orphaned and non-orphaned children were vulnerable to psychological distress. Therefore, interventions should be effected to both groups of children. Furthermore, the study showed that orphanages provided sanctuary and nurturance to orphans who lack parental care and could be considered as a viable form of orphan care in Ghana.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ouerverlies en weeshuisplasing veroorsaak stres en kan die welstand van kinders negatief beïnvloed. Min navorsingstudies is egter gedoen oor die psigologiese welstand van Ghanese weeskinders wat in weeshuise geplaas word. Die gevolg is dat die impak van weeshuisplasing ná ouerverlies nie goed in Ghana verstaan word nie. Die studie is daarop gemik om die psigologiese funksionering en ervarings van kinders wat ouerloos gelaat en in weeshuise in Accra, Ghana, geplaas word, te ondersoek en dit met dié van nieweesgelate kinders te vergelyk. ’n Gemengdemetode-ontwerp met elemente van beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe benaderings is gebruik. Vraelyste is vir die kwantitatiewe data gebruik ten einde inligting te bekom oor lewenskwaliteit, stres (simptome van depressie en angs), daaglikse streswekkers of stressors, behartigingstrategieë, waargenome sosiale steun, waargenome selfbedrewendheid en veerkrag. Vir die kwalitatiewe data is opvolgonderhoude met geselekteerde weesgelate deelnemers gevoer ten einde die deelnemers se geleefde ervarings van plasing in ’n weeshuis indringend te bekyk. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om deelnemers tussen die ouderdom van sewe en 17 jaar oud te selekteer. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 100 weesgelate kinders wat in vier weeshuise geplaas is, en 100 nieweesgelate kinders wat as steekproef uit twee openbare skole in Accra geneem is. Die kwantitatiewe data is ontleed met gebruikmaking van die t-toets, die chi-kwadraattoets, Pearson-produkmomentkorrelasieontledings, asook eenrigting-variansie- (VARO) en regressieontledings. Die kwalitatiewe data is aan die hand van inhouds- en tematiese ontledings geanaliseer. Volgens die resultate toon weesgelate kinders meer angssimptome as nieweesgelate kinders, terwyl beide groepe kinders met hoë vlakke van depressiewe simptome presenteer. Die oorheersende daaglikse stressors by beide groepe kinders is probleme by die skool, asook verhoudingsprobleme met die portuurgroep en sorggewers. Wat die weesgelate kinders betref, word verhoudingsprobleme met die portuurgroep egter as die mees algemene probleme aangevoer, terwyl nieweesgelate kinders verhoudingsprobleme met sorggewers aandui. Afgesien van die verhoogde emosionele nood, toon weesgelate kinders hoë vlakke van selfbedrewendheid en veerkrag, asook sterker persepsies van beskikbare bystand deur vriende, as wat die geval is by nieweesgelate kinders. Nieweesgelate kinders neem beduidend sterker bystand van families waar as wat die geval is by weesgelate kinders. Regressieontledings dui ook aan dat angs en bystandsoekende behartigingsgedrag by weesgelate kinders as beduidende voorspellers van lewensgehalte presenteer, terwyl depressie as ’n beduidende voorspeller van lewensgehalte by nieweesgelate kinders presenteer. Selfbedrewendheid presenteer as ’n beduidende positiewe voorspeller van veerkrag by weesgelate kinders, terwyl selfbedrewendheid en waargenome sosiale bystand as beduidende positiewe voorspellers vir veerkrag, by nieweesgelate kinders presenteer. Volgens die resultate van die tematiese ontledings van opvolgonderhoude met geselekteerde weeskinders, ontlok weeshuisplasing beide negatiewe en positiewe ervarings. Weeshuise skep struktuur, koestering, ’n veilige tuisomgewing en kanale vir positiewe portuurgroepverhoudings, en gevolglik ’n gevoel van samehorigheid, ofskoon hierdie instansies ook met finansiële beperkings en verhoudingsprobleme met portuurgroepe en versorgers verbind word. Verder blyk dit dat die Christengeloof-oriëntasie van die weesgelate kinders die welstand van die weeskinders bevorder. Die aangebode studie lewer bewys dat sowel die weesgelate as die nieweesgelate kinders kwesbaar is vir psigologiese nood. Gevolglik word intervensies vir beide groepe kinders aangedui. Die studie toon verder dat weeshuise ’n toevlugsoord en versorgingsplek bied vir weeskinders wat nie ouerlike sorg ontvang nie, en dat dit as ’n lewensvatbare vorm van weeskindsorg in Ghana beskou kan word.

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48

Andrews, Erin. "Navigating Land Rights Institutions in the Greater Accra Region of Southern Ghana: An Actor Network Theory Approach." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37072.

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Especially since the publication of Hernando De Soto’s book The Mystery of Capital in 2000, there has been a great deal of scholarship on the relationship between property rights and economic growth. There is fairly broad consensus among policy makers and many academics that secure property rights have a wide range of benefits but significantly less agreement on what impedes secure property rights in developing countries, what types of rights work best and under what circumstances, or how to improve the situation in developing countries. Through a case study of land institutions and reform in the Greater Accra Region of Southern Ghana this thesis examines the complexities of overlapping and often contradictory land tenure regimes. Actor Network Theory is used to analyze the role of the various actors, including humans, organizations, and material actors, like documents. I argue that although the system of land rights institutions in Ghana is extremely complex, one of the main challenges is a relatively simple one: the materiality of the documents, and the related costs of producing, storing, managing, and maintaining them., Despite attempts by the state, with the support of the World Bank, to codify existing land relations, transaction costs have not been dramatically reduced. The result is a complicated environment of institutional pluralism, in which the documents involved in registration have taken on a life of their own, where users must recruit these material actors to support their land claims if they wish to have their rights protected. This process of producing and collecting documents to support their land claims can be costly for landholders, in terms of both time and money. In this way, the centrality of documents can be burdensome for landholders, but also creates interesting opportunities for landholders to mobilize land documents in unconventional ways in order to support their claims and seek protection for their rights to land. Especially since the publication of Hernando De Soto’s book The Mystery of Capital in 2000, there has been a great deal of scholarship on the relationship between property rights and economic growth. There is fairly broad consensus among policy makers and many academics that secure property rights have a wide range of benefits but significantly less agreement on what impedes secure property rights in developing countries, what types of rights work best and under what circumstances, or how to improve the situation in developing countries. Through a case study of land institutions and reform in the Greater Accra Region of Southern Ghana this thesis examines the complexities of overlapping and often contradictory land tenure regimes. Actor Network Theory is used to analyze the role of the various actors, including humans, organizations, and material actors, like documents. I argue that although the system of land rights institutions in Ghana is extremely complex, one of the main challenges is a relatively simple one: the materiality of the documents, and the related costs of producing, storing, managing, and maintaining them., Despite attempts by the state, with the support of the World Bank, to codify existing land relations, transaction costs have not been dramatically reduced. The result is a complicated environment of institutional pluralism, in which the documents involved in registration have taken on a life of their own, where users must recruit these material actors to support their land claims if they wish to have their rights protected. This process of producing and collecting documents to support their land claims can be costly for landholders, in terms of both time and money. In this way, the centrality of documents can be burdensome for landholders, but also creates interesting opportunities for landholders to mobilize land documents in unconventional ways in order to support their claims and seek protection for their rights to land.

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49

Boakye, Augustine Osei. "Juvenile Delinquency in Ghana: A Qualitative Study of the Lived Experiences of Young Offenders in Accra." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16670.

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In this study, I explored the perceived circumstances which make adolescents become involved in juvenile delinquency. The meanings which they make out of their delinquent behaviours were also of great interest. Using a semi-structured interview guide, the lived experiences of six (6) young offenders were collected. Following a Narrative Analysis of the young offenders lived experiences, six (6) main themes emerged as the circumstances which made them become involved in delinquency: religiosity and morality, deviant peer association, substance use and delinquency, the functioning of the nuclear family, Inadequate extended family support, apathy in schooling and lastly labeling by neighbours. As a meaning making platform, the participants saw their delinquent behaviours as a means to an end. Another construed meaning of delinquency in this study was that, proceeds from ill gotten gains amounted to ‘bitter’ money. The training process through which the young offenders who premeditated their acts went through was observed to be an apprenticeship model where each trainee (young offender) had a ‘big-man’ (a master) and a mentor (trainer). These finding were interspersed with relevant theories and literatures for a thorough discussion, with their implications for intervention and future research clearly emphasized.

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50

Hormenu, Michael Commander. "Municipal Organic Waste Composting as Management Option for Urban Agriculture: A case of Accra Metropolis, Ghana." Thesis, KTH, VA-teknik, Vatten, Avlopp och Avfall, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96301.

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The ever-increasing population in the metropolis of Accra, Ghana resulting in con-cerns for finding lasting solutions to manage large volumes of waste produced can be tackled through composting for urban agriculture. With insanitary land filling serving as the major disposal option in the metropolis, plans to build the first ever sanitary landfill facility in the metropolis calls for measures to be taken in order to prolong the lifespan of the facility. This therefore necessitates the need to look into an alternative means of diverting organic waste from landfills. The objective of this research is to re-view the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management situations in Accra Metropolitan Assembly upon which an investigation is made into the various process steps involved in aerobic windrow composting and also finding out the possibility for integrating composting with urban agriculture. The study relied mainly on secondary data obtained from books, published articles, governmental documents, internet, and master thesis reports on related topics. By the help of a causal loop diagram, the interdependence of various policy actions and sys-tem elements in the waste management process are linked to illustrate the possibility of a composting programme for urban agriculture. Even though the metropolis for some time back has been operating a centralized composting facility, the facility is confirmed to be closed down due to problems ema-nating from financial inadequacy, power failure and mechanical breakdown. The study delve into the process steps in windrow composting and finally identified potentials for composting in the metropolis but however enumerated constraints ranging from human and environmental health, financial, institutional, policy directives, to public and leadership attitudes as stumbling blocks to the implementation of a centralized composting scheme. It finally concluded that the metropolis has the potentials to embark on composting for urban agriculture however, until measures are taken to overcome these constraints, implementing a centralized composting scheme in the metropolis may not be a sustainable option. It is further recommended that whiles the city authorities continue to tackle the constraints to pave way for the implementation of the program, efforts must be made in promoting small scale composting that rely on manually operated tools to help reduce organic waste loads in the municipal waste stream.

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