Academic literature on the topic 'Floods in literature'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Floods in literature.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Floods in literature"
1
Zhang, Min, and Juanle Wang. "Global Flood Disaster Research Graph Analysis Based on Literature Mining." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 3066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063066.
Full textAbstract:
Floods are the most frequent and highest-impact among the natural disasters caused by global climate change. A large number of flood disaster knowledge were buried in the scientific literature. This study mines research trends and hotspots on flood disasters and identifies their quantitative and spatial distribution features using natural language process technology. The abstracts of 14,076 studies related to flood disasters from 1990 to 2020 were used for text mining. The study used logistic regression to classify themes, adopted the dictionary matching method to analyze flood disaster subcategories, analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of research institutions, and used Stanford named entity recognition to identify hot research areas. Finally, the disaster information was integrated and visualized as a knowledge graph. The main findings are as follows. (1) The research hotspots are concentrated on flood disaster risks and prediction. Rainfall, coastal floods, and flash floods are the most-studied flood disaster sub-categories. (2) There are some connections and differences between the physical occurrence and research frequency of flood disasters. Occurrence frequency and research frequency of flood disasters are correlated. However, the spatial distribution at the global and intercontinental scales is geographically imbalanced. (3) The study’s flood disaster knowledge graph contains 39,679 nodes and 64,908 edges, reflecting the literature distribution and field information on the research themes. Future research will extract more disaster information from the full texts of the studies to enrich the flood disaster knowledge graph and obtain more knowledge on flood disaster risk and reduction.
2
Mosavi, Amir, Pinar Ozturk, and Kwok-wing Chau. "Flood Prediction Using Machine Learning Models: Literature Review." Water 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2018): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111536.
Full textAbstract:
Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, which are highly complex to model. The research on the advancement of flood prediction models contributed to risk reduction, policy suggestion, minimization of the loss of human life, and reduction of the property damage associated with floods. To mimic the complex mathematical expressions of physical processes of floods, during the past two decades, machine learning (ML) methods contributed highly in the advancement of prediction systems providing better performance and cost-effective solutions. Due to the vast benefits and potential of ML, its popularity dramatically increased among hydrologists. Researchers through introducing novel ML methods and hybridizing of the existing ones aim at discovering more accurate and efficient prediction models. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate the state of the art of ML models in flood prediction and to give insight into the most suitable models. In this paper, the literature where ML models were benchmarked through a qualitative analysis of robustness, accuracy, effectiveness, and speed are particularly investigated to provide an extensive overview on the various ML algorithms used in the field. The performance comparison of ML models presents an in-depth understanding of the different techniques within the framework of a comprehensive evaluation and discussion. As a result, this paper introduces the most promising prediction methods for both long-term and short-term floods. Furthermore, the major trends in improving the quality of the flood prediction models are investigated. Among them, hybridization, data decomposition, algorithm ensemble, and model optimization are reported as the most effective strategies for the improvement of ML methods. This survey can be used as a guideline for hydrologists as well as climate scientists in choosing the proper ML method according to the prediction task.
3
Uhlemann, S., R. Bertelmann, and B. Merz. "Data expansion: the potential of grey literature for understanding floods." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 3 (March 4, 2013): 895–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-895-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Sophisticated methods have been developed and become standard in analysing floods as well as for assessing flood risk. However, increasingly critique of the current standards and scientific practice can be found both in the flood hydrology community as well as in the risk community who argue that the considerable amount of information already available on natural disasters has not been adequately deployed and brought to effective use. We describe this phenomenon as a failure to synthesize knowledge that results from barriers and ignorance in awareness, use and management of the entire spectrum of relevant content, that is, data, information and knowledge. In this paper we argue that the scientific community in flood risk research ignores event-specific analysis and documentations as another source of data. We present results from a systematic search that includes an intensive study on sources and ways of information dissemination of flood-relevant publications. We obtain 186 documents that contain information on the sources, pathways, receptors and/or consequences for any of the 40 strongest trans-basin floods in Germany in the period 1952–2002. This study therefore provides the most comprehensive metadata collection of flood documentations for the considered geographical space and period. A total of 87.5% of all events have been documented, and especially the most severe floods have received extensive coverage. Only 30% of the material has been produced in the scientific/academic environment, and the majority of all documents (about 80%) can be considered grey literature (i.e. literature not controlled by commercial publishers). Therefore, ignoring grey sources in flood research also means ignoring the largest part of knowledge available on single flood events (in Germany). Further, the results of this study underpin the rapid changes in information dissemination of flood event literature over the last decade. We discuss the options and obstacles of incorporating this data into the knowledge-building process in light of the current technological developments and international, interdisciplinary debates for data curation.
4
Uhlemann, S., R. Bertelmann, and B. Merz. "Data expansion: the potential of grey literature for understanding floods." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 9 (September 27, 2012): 11049–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-11049-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Sophisticated methods have been developed and become standard in analysing floods as well as for assessing the flood risk. However, increasingly critique of the current standards and scientific practice can be found both in the flood hydrology community as well as in the risk community who argue that the considerable amount of information already available on natural disasters has not been adequately deployed and brought to effective use. We describe this phenomenon as a failure to synthesize knowledge that results from barriers and ignorance in awareness, use and management of the entire spectrum of relevant content, that is, data, information and knowledge. In this paper we argue that the scientific community in flood risk research ignores event specific analysis and documentations as another source of data. We present results from a systematic search that includes an intensive study on sources and ways of information dissemination of flood relevant publications. We obtain 183 documents that contain information on the sources, pathways, receptors and/or consequences for any of the 40 strongest trans-basin floods in Germany in the period 1952–2002. This study therefore provides the most comprehensive meta-data collection of flood documentations for the considered geographical space and period. 87.5% of all events have been documented and especially the most severe floods have received extensive coverage. Only 30% of the material has been produced in the scientific/academic environment and the majority of all documents (about 80%) can be considered grey literature. Therefore, ignoring grey sources in flood research also means ignoring the largest part of knowledge available on single flood events (in Germany). Further, the results of this study underpin the rapid changes in information dissemination of flood event literature over the last decade. We discuss the options and obstacles of incorporating this data in the knowledge building process in the light of the current technological developments and international, interdisciplinary debates for data curation.
5
Mitrović, Veselin L., Dónal P. O’Mathúna, and Iskra A. Nola. "Ethics and Floods: A Systematic Review." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 4 (January 10, 2019): 817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.154.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTDisaster ethics is a developing field of inquiry recognizing the wide variety of ethical issues confronting various professionals involved in planning for and responding to different types of disasters. This article explores how ethical issues related to floods are addressed in academic literature. The review involved analysis of publications on ethics and floods identified in a systematic literature search of electronic databases that included sociological, biomedical, and geophysical sources. The review methods were guided by the PRISMA Statement on systematic reviews, adapted to this topic area, and followed by a qualitative analysis of the included publications. All articles were analyzed using NVivo software version 11. The qualitative analysis showed that further research is needed on the ethical issues involved in flood disasters. Ethical guidelines are needed for flood planners and responders that are based on the consistent application of well-established ethical principles, values, and virtues to the specific circumstances arising with each flood. Flexibility is required in applying such approaches. The results suggest that interdisciplinary collaboration (sociological, biomedical, geophysical, engineering, and ethical) could contribute significantly to the development of ethics in floods. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:817–828)
6
Samansiri, Srimal, Terrence Fernando, and Bingunath Ingirige. "Advanced Technologies for Offering Situational Intelligence in Flood Warning and Response Systems: A Literature Review." Water 14, no. 13 (June 29, 2022): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14132091.
Full textAbstract:
Deaths and property damage from floods have increased drastically in the past two decades due to various reasons such as increased populations, unplanned developments, and climate change. Such losses from floods can be reduced by issuing timely early warnings and through effective response mechanisms based on situational intelligence during emerging flood situations. This paper presents the outcome of a literature review that was conducted to identify the types and sources of the intelligence required for flood warning and response processes as well as the technology solutions that can be used for offering such intelligence. Twenty-seven different types of intelligence are presented together with the technologies that can be used to extract such intelligence. Furthermore, a conceptual architecture that illustrates how relevant technology solutions can be used to extract intelligence at various stages of a flood cycle for decision-making in issuing early warnings and planning responses is presented.
7
Beltaos, Spyros, and Daniel L. Peters. "Commentary on “Past variation in Lower Peace River ice-jam flood frequency” by Wolfe et al. (2020)." Environmental Reviews 28, no. 4 (December 2020): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0048.
Full textAbstract:
In contrast to a large body of scientific literature that is based on empirical data and physically based and mathematical analyses, Wolfe et al. (2020) cited proxy-based paleolimnological evidence and argued that the regulation of Peace River has not played a role in the reduced incidence of large ice-jam floods. Such events are essential to the sustenance of perched basins located in the Peace Sector of the Peace–Athabasca Delta. Herein, the arguments advanced by Wolfe et al. (2020) are critically examined and shown to be unconvincing. Relevant literature indicates that a drying trend was first noticed after construction of the Bennett Dam. It is shown, moreover, that the belatedly questioned Traditional Knowledge and Historical ice-jam flood record is a reliable source of information, at least with respect to large floods, which are crucial to perched-basin replenishment. Detailed examination of the Wolfe et al. (2020) magnetic susceptibility (MS) profiles and their interpretation points to serious inconsistencies and leads to a renewed recommendation for coring perched, rather than readily flooded, basins in the future. It is also recommended that the oxbow lakes cored nearly two decades ago be revisited to obtain updated MS profiles. Deficiencies in the interpretation of inferred isotopic-composition time series of three perched basins suggest that all factors influencing such environmental variables be considered before drawing conclusions regarding the frequency of past floods.
8
Layton, Thomas R., and Einer R. Elhauge. "A Study of the Johnstown Floods." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00045386.
Full textAbstract:
In order to analyze the cause, effect and relief efforts of the Johnstown floods of 1889,1936, and 1977, existing literature, journalistic accounts, and official documents concerning the floods were investigated.At 4:00 PM on May 31, 1889, the South Fork Dam burst, releasing 60 million tons of water into the Conemaugh Valley. The flood destroyed Johnstown and the surrounding communities within a few minutes. The official totals were 2209 persons killed, 30,000 homeless, and 17.2 million dollars property damage. From Sang Hollow, a community four miles from Johnstown, the first description of the disastrous flood was sent to Pittsburgh by telegraph about two hours after the catastrophe. Several journalists set out by train for Johnstown immediately. A fire started in the flood debris and burned throughout the night. By morning rescue squads of survivors were trying to get through to those still marooned and to identify the dead.
9
Mavrouli, Maria, Spyridon Mavroulis, Efthymios Lekkas, and Athanassios Tsakris. "Infectious Diseases Associated with Hydrometeorological Hazards in Europe: Disaster Risk Reduction in the Context of the Climate Crisis and the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 10206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610206.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrometeorological hazards comprise a wide range of events, mainly floods, storms, droughts, and temperature extremes. Floods account for the majority of the related disasters in both developed and developing countries. Flooding alters the natural balance of the environment and frequently establish a favorable habitat for pathogens and vectors to thrive. Diseases caused by pathogens that require vehicle transmission from host to host (waterborne) or a host/vector as part of their life cycle (vector-borne) are those most likely to be affected by flooding. Considering the most notable recent destructive floods events of July 2021 that affected several Central Europe countries, we conducted a systematic literature review in order to identify documented sporadic cases and outbreaks of infectious diseases in humans in Europe, where hydrometeorological hazards, mainly floods, were thought to have been involved. The occurrence of water-, rodent-, and vector-borne diseases in several European countries is highlighted, as flooding and the harsh post-flood conditions favor their emergence and transmission. In this context, strategies for prevention and management of infectious disease outbreaks in flood-prone and flood-affected areas are also proposed and comprise pre- and post-flood prevention measures, pre- and post-outbreak prevention measures, as well as mitigation actions when an infectious disease outbreak finally occurs. Emphasis is also placed on the collision of floods, flood-related infectious disease outbreaks, and the evolving COVID-19 pandemic, which may result in unprecedented multi-hazard conditions and requires a multi-hazard approach for the effective disaster management and risk reduction.
10
Olcina, Jorge, David Sauri, Maria Hernández, and Anna Ribas. "Flood policy in Spain: a review for the period 1983-2013." Disaster Prevention and Management 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-05-2015-0108.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the main changes regarding flood policy in Spain during the period 1983-2013, that is right after the large and very damaging episodes of 1982-1983 in Valencia, Catalonia and the Basque Country. Design/methodology/approach – This is above all a review paper that looks retrospectively at flood policy in Spain during the past three decades. In order to collect and organize the information the authors follow the methodology of the IPCC regarding vulnerability studies. That is, the authors provide evidence for an overall assessment of the evolution of exposure, sensibility and adaptive capacity to floods in Spain for the period of reference. The authors approach these issues through the own experience and expertise on this subject as noted in the reference list. Findings – While exposure to floods has generally increased (especially after the massive growth of urbanization in flood prone land of the 1990s and early 2000s) overall flood policy has contributed to make Spain less sensible and more adapted to floods. Still some issues remain unsolved especially the control of urban growth and the adaptation of the built environment to floods. For these reasons absolute economic losses from floods may continue to be important in the future (perhaps more so with climate change) even though, overall, Spanish society may have become less vulnerable and therefore more resilient than in the past. Originality/value – The paper provides a retrospective study and assessment of policies taken and their changes regarding floods at a national level over a long period of time (30 years) which is a theme still relatively little explored in the scientific literature on this hazard.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Floods in literature"
1
Lee, Hannah. "Why Floods be served to us in Bowls: Emily Dickinson's Souvenirs." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1246389301.
Full text
2
Uhlemann, Steffi. "Understanding trans-basin floods in Germany : data, information and knowledge." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6886/.
Full textAbstract:
Large Central European flood events of the past have demonstrated that flooding can affect several river basins at the same time leading to catastrophic economic and humanitarian losses that can stretch emergency resources beyond planned levels of service. For Germany, the spatial coherence of flooding, the contributing processes and the role of trans-basin floods for a national risk assessment is largely unknown and analysis is limited by a lack of systematic data, information and knowledge on past events.
This study investigates the frequency and intensity of trans-basin flood events in Germany. It evaluates the data and information basis on which knowledge about trans-basin floods can be generated in order to improve any future flood risk assessment. In particu-lar, the study assesses whether flood documentations and related reports can provide a valuable data source for understanding trans-basin floods.
An adaptive algorithm was developed that systematically captures trans-basin floods using series of mean daily discharge at a large number of sites of even time series length (1952-2002). It identifies the simultaneous occurrence of flood peaks based on the exceedance of an initial threshold of a 10 year flood at one location and consecutively pools all causally related, spatially and temporally lagged peak recordings at the other locations. A weighted cumulative index was developed that accounts for the spatial extent and the individual flood magnitudes within an event and allows quantifying the overall event severity. The parameters of the method were tested in a sensitivity analysis. An intensive study on sources and ways of information dissemination of flood-relevant publications in Germany was conducted. Based on the method of systematic reviews a strategic search approach was developed to identify relevant documentations for each of the 40 strongest trans-basin flood events. A novel framework for assessing the quality of event specific flood reports from a user’s perspective was developed and validated by independent peers. The framework was designed to be generally applicable for any natural hazard type and assesses the quality of a document addressing accessibility as well as representational, contextual, and intrinsic dimensions of quality.
The analysis of time-series of mean daily discharge resulted in the identification of 80 trans-basin flood events within the period 1952-2002 in Germany. The set is dominated by events that were recorded in the hydrological winter (64%); 36% occurred during the summer months. The occurrence of floods is characterised by a distinct clustering in time. Dividing the study period into two sub-periods, we find an increase in the percentage of winter events from 58% in the first to 70.5% in the second sub-period. Accordingly, we find a significant increase in the number of extreme trans-basin floods in the second sub-period.
A large body of 186 flood relevant documentations was identified. For 87.5% of the 40 strongest trans-basin floods in Germany at least one report has been found and for the most severe floods a substantial amount of documentation could be obtained. 80% of the material can be considered grey literature (i.e. literature not controlled by commercial publishers).
The results of the quality assessment show that the majority of flood event specific reports are of a good quality, i.e. they are well enough drafted, largely accurate and objective, and contain a substantial amount of information on the sources, pathways and receptors/consequences of the floods. The inclusion of this information in the process of knowledge building for flood risk assessment is recommended.
Both the results as well as the data produced in this study are openly accessible and can be used for further research.
The results of this study contribute to an improved spatial risk assessment in Germany. The identified set of trans-basin floods provides the basis for an assessment of the chance that flooding occurs simultaneously at a number of sites. The information obtained from flood event documentation can usefully supplement the analysis of the processes that govern flood risk.Abschätzungen zum Hochwasserrisiko beschränken sich zumeist auf die Analyse innerhalb eines Einzugsgebietes bzw. eines bestimmten Ortes. Die Zusammenhänge in größeren Regionen und vor allem Korrelationen zwischen verschiedenen Einzugsgebieten werden nur selten betrachtet. Solche einzugsgebietsübergreifenden Analysen sind jedoch sowohl für die Versicherungswirtschaft, den Katastrophenschutz sowie für großräumige strategische Hochwasserplanungen notwendig. Allerdings stehen nur für eine geringe Auswahl historischer Ereignisse Daten zur Verfügung und systematische Ansätze zu ihrer Erfassung wurden für Deutschland bisher nicht entwickelt. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht zum ersten die Häufigkeit und Intensität von flussgebietsübergreifenden Hochwasserereignissen in Deutschland anhand von gemessenen Abflüssen an einer Vielzahl von Stationen. Es können insgesamt 80 Hochwasserereignisse in Deutschland im Zeitraum von 1952-2002 nachgewiesen werden. Davon treten die meisten Ereignissen im hydrologischen Winterhalbjahr auf (64%). Wir können nachweisen, dass die Häufigkeit des Auftretens in verschiedenen Perioden unterschiedlich ist, und dass im Untersuchungszeitraum eine signifikante Zunahme von Winterereignissen und damit vor allem von sehr schweren flussgebietsübergreifenden Hochwasserereignissen zu verzeichnen ist. Die Studie hatte des Weiteren zum Ziel, die verfügbare Daten- und Informationsgrundlage zur Hochwasseranalyse zu erkunden. Im speziellen wird untersucht, inwieweit Hochwasserereignisdokumentationen und verwandte Berichte als eine weitere Datenquelle für ein verbessertes Prozessverständnis genutzt werden können. Im Rahmen einer systematischen Suche konnten für die 40 größten Hochwasserereignisse in Deutschland 186 relevante Berichte identifiziert werden. 80% des Materials kann als Grauliteratur eingestuft werden, d.h. als Veröffentlichungen welche nicht durch kommerzielle Verleger publiziert wird. Die sich daraus ergebende Frage nach der Qualität der Dokumente und ihres Informationsgehaltes wurde durch die Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Qualitätsbewertungsschemas beantwortet. Die Ergebnisse der Qualitätsbewertung zeigen, dass die Mehrheit der ereignisspezifischen Hochwasserberichte von guter Qualität ist, d.h. die Berichte sind in ausreichender Qualität verfasst, größtenteils korrekt und objektiv und beinhalten eine substantielle Menge an Informationen zu den Ursachen, Verläufen, betroffenen Objekten und Schäden eines Ereignisses. Es wird empfohlen diese Informationen in die Wissenssynthese für die Hochwasserrisikobewertung einfließen zu lassen. Sowohl Ergebnisse als auch Daten dieser Studie sind so publiziert, dass sie öffentlich zugänglich sind und für weitere Forschungsfragen genutzt werden können.
3
Silva, Ronice Kelmis de Oliveira da [UNESP]. "As flores animadas em O Parahyba : características do suporte e suas significações no folhetim brasileiro do século XIX." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94175.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2012-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:55:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
silva_rko_me_sjrp.pdf: 6039779 bytes, checksum: 85d18db97df078c04293fe23a30262fc (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Refletindo sobre a literatura rez-de-chaussée como fenômeno que revolucionou e assegurou a permanência da imprensa jornalística do século XIX, buscamos compreender como são apresentadas as produções textuais dessa literatura ao rés-do-chão no periódico O Parahyba (cuja circulação se deu na cidade de Petrópolis, do dia 02 de dezembro de 1857 ao dia 27 de novembro de 1859), com vistas a ressaltar a importância dos fatores intrínsecos às características do suporte de circulação e suas implicações na construção significativa dos textos folhetinescos e, consequentemente, na leitura interpretativa que deles se fará. Estabeleceremos nossa análise ancorada na comparação dos textos formadores da série “As flores animadas”, veiculada de 24 de janeiro de 1858 ao dia 07 de abril de 1859, no folhetim de O Parahyba, com esta mesma produção publicada em seu livro de origem Les fleurs animées, de Grandville, Alphonse Karr, Taxille Delord e Conte Foelix, cuja publicação, em Paris, ocorre em 1845, em dois tomos. Entre as características analisadas nos textos folhetinescos, podemos salientar aspectos tipográficos, como a fragmentação de parágrafos da obra francesa, as inserções ou omissões de dados significativos dos textos de Les fleurs animées e a quebra da ordem, na qual os textos aparecem no exemplar francês, aspectos que não foram previstos, nem definidos pelos autores ao construírem o projeto literário de Les fleurs animées. Acrescentam-se como aspectos investigativos a proximidade e o distanciamento entre os efeitos de sentidos mobilizados pelos textos de origem e por suas traduções publicadas neste espaço bas-de-page. Espera-se demonstrar, ao fim da presente pesquisa, que cada veículo de circulação possui características intrínsecas, as quais determinarão a forma como os...
Reflecting on the rez-de-chaussée literature as a phenomenon that has deeply altered and ensured the permanence of the news media of the nineteenth century, this research aims at understanding how the this type of text is presented in the newspaper O Parahyba (whose distribution took place in Petropolis, from December 2, 1857 to November 27, 1859), in order to emphasize the importance of the intrinsic characteristics brought by the manner in which these texts were distributed, as well was its implications in the construction of significant feuilletonistic texts and, as a consequence, in the their interpretation. We shall establish our analysis based on the comparison of texts which compose the series “As flores animadas”, printed from January 24, 1858 to April 7, 1859, in the feuilleton of O Parahyba, with this same work published in its original book Les fleurs animées, Grandville, Alphonse Karr, Delord Taxille and Conte Foelix, whose publication in Paris, 1845 occurs in two volumes. Among the features discussed in the feuilletonistic texts, we emphasize typography, as the fragmentation of paragraphs of the French manuscripts, insertions or omissions of significant texts of Les fleurs animées and order breakdown in which the texts appear in the French issue, aspects that were not anticipated or defined by the authors who planned the literary project of Les fleurs animées. This research also aims at investigating the closeness and distance aspects between the effects of meaning mobilized by the original texts and their published translations. We hope to demonstrate at the end of this research that each vehicle has intrinsic characteristics, which determine how the text is presented, read and learned. In this sense, the change in the vehicle of the texts of Les fleurs animées entails, beyond typographical changes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
4
Silva, Ronice Kelmis de Oliveira da. ""As flores animadas" em O Parahyba : características do suporte e suas significações no folhetim brasileiro do século XIX /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94175.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Lúcia GranjaBanca: Diana Junkes Martha Toneto
Banca: Jefferson Cano
Resumo: Refletindo sobre a literatura rez-de-chaussée como fenômeno que revolucionou e assegurou a permanência da imprensa jornalística do século XIX, buscamos compreender como são apresentadas as produções textuais dessa literatura ao rés-do-chão no periódico O Parahyba (cuja circulação se deu na cidade de Petrópolis, do dia 02 de dezembro de 1857 ao dia 27 de novembro de 1859), com vistas a ressaltar a importância dos fatores intrínsecos às características do suporte de circulação e suas implicações na construção significativa dos textos folhetinescos e, consequentemente, na leitura interpretativa que deles se fará. Estabeleceremos nossa análise ancorada na comparação dos textos formadores da série "As flores animadas", veiculada de 24 de janeiro de 1858 ao dia 07 de abril de 1859, no folhetim de O Parahyba, com esta mesma produção publicada em seu livro de origem Les fleurs animées, de Grandville, Alphonse Karr, Taxille Delord e Conte Foelix, cuja publicação, em Paris, ocorre em 1845, em dois tomos. Entre as características analisadas nos textos folhetinescos, podemos salientar aspectos tipográficos, como a fragmentação de parágrafos da obra francesa, as inserções ou omissões de dados significativos dos textos de Les fleurs animées e a quebra da ordem, na qual os textos aparecem no exemplar francês, aspectos que não foram previstos, nem definidos pelos autores ao construírem o projeto literário de Les fleurs animées. Acrescentam-se como aspectos investigativos a proximidade e o distanciamento entre os efeitos de sentidos mobilizados pelos textos de origem e por suas traduções publicadas neste espaço bas-de-page. Espera-se demonstrar, ao fim da presente pesquisa, que cada veículo de circulação possui características intrínsecas, as quais determinarão a forma como os... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Reflecting on the rez-de-chaussée literature as a phenomenon that has deeply altered and ensured the permanence of the news media of the nineteenth century, this research aims at understanding how the this type of text is presented in the newspaper O Parahyba (whose distribution took place in Petropolis, from December 2, 1857 to November 27, 1859), in order to emphasize the importance of the intrinsic characteristics brought by the manner in which these texts were distributed, as well was its implications in the construction of significant feuilletonistic texts and, as a consequence, in the their interpretation. We shall establish our analysis based on the comparison of texts which compose the series "As flores animadas", printed from January 24, 1858 to April 7, 1859, in the feuilleton of O Parahyba, with this same work published in its original book Les fleurs animées, Grandville, Alphonse Karr, Delord Taxille and Conte Foelix, whose publication in Paris, 1845 occurs in two volumes. Among the features discussed in the feuilletonistic texts, we emphasize typography, as the fragmentation of paragraphs of the French manuscripts, insertions or omissions of significant texts of Les fleurs animées and order breakdown in which the texts appear in the French issue, aspects that were not anticipated or defined by the authors who planned the literary project of Les fleurs animées. This research also aims at investigating the closeness and distance aspects between the effects of meaning mobilized by the original texts and their published translations. We hope to demonstrate at the end of this research that each vehicle has intrinsic characteristics, which determine how the text is presented, read and learned. In this sense, the change in the vehicle of the texts of Les fleurs animées entails, beyond typographical changes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
5
Flores, Pedroso Sergio. "Literatura e tradução no ensino de espanhol : lingua estrangeira / \ Sergio Flores Pedroso." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269672.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Silvana Mabel Serrani-InfanteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T17:16:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FloresPedroso_Sergio_D.pdf: 7174370 bytes, checksum: 99e6b3bc9b2f55232db77faf653861c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Doutorado
6
White, Melinda. "Between Floors: The Ups and Downs of Mediated Narrative." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/433.
Full textAbstract:
“Between Floors: The Ups and Downs of Mediated Narrative” and the accompanying creative remediation project, “Between Floors: Love and Other Blood Related Diseases,” meld theory and practice of print with electronic literature and installation art. I argue that as the medium changes, the narrative is transformed. The narrative can be reconstructed and pieced together as the reader or viewer becomes increasingly involved, even embodied within the work. This embodiment is what Nathaniel Stern calls “Moving and thinking and feeling” (1) and can result in a more direct emotional experience. The form, structure, and medium (sjužet) rely on authorial intention, yet as a narrative becomes more interactive and experiential the feedback loop shifts, placing meaning, message, and construction of narrative (fabula) between media and reader/viewer. This necessarily complicates the notion of authorship, yet within an embodied space, such as the installations included in this analysis, there is a potential for greater emotional understanding between author/artist and reader/viewer. In the print story “Between Floors: Love and Other Blood Related Diseases,” the protagonist, June, visits her father in a hospital after a tragedy and ends up spending the rest of her life there. The metaphor of an elevator throughout the print, electronic, and installation versions furthers the trapped, claustrophobic feeling of the narrative as well as the ups and downs of relationships and grief. Pieces of the narrative remain recognizable through the electronic literature and installation, yet as the reader/viewer is increasingly immersed in the narrative, it becomes his or her own—a more subjective and overwhelming emotional experience. The elevator metaphor extends through the analysis—an emblem of traditional linear narratives and the narrative arc and technological immersion. The analysis explores theories of language, medium, authorship, nonlinearity, interactivity, and embodiment through existing narrative, new media, and installation theorists such as Peter Brooks, Marshall McLuhan, and Nathaniel Stern. This dissertation and to an extent, experiment, uses theory and practice to illuminate narrative using a recombination of existing theory and an original remediation in three distinct forms, to further the understanding of the nature of narratives, media, authors, and readers, while blurring boundaries between disciplines.
7
Danius, Lena. "Data uncertinties in material flow analysis.Local case study and literature survey." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1502.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to discuss and analyse the influenceof data uncertainties with regard to the reliability of materialflow analysis (MFA) studies. MFA, as a part of environmentalsystems analysis, is a method belonging to the research field ofindustrial ecology and more specifically industrial metabolism.As such, the method strives at giving a holistic view of thecomplex world we live in, in order to reduce negativeenvironmental impact. Among other things, MFA studies have beenproposed to be useful for priority setting and following up inmunicipalities.
Serving as a starting point is a local case study of flows ofnitrogen in a Swedish municipality, Västerås. The casestudy has been performed using the ComBoxmodel. The years studiedare 1995 and 1998. The main sectors in society emitting nitrogento water were identified as the agricultural and householdsectors. The dominating sectors emitting nitrogen to air wereidentified as the agricultural, transport and infrastructuresectors.
As a basis for discussing data uncertainties qualitatively andquantitatively a literature survey was performed. 50 articles andbooks were identified as in some way or another dealing with datauncertainties in MFA. The literature survey showed that theuncertainties for results from a MFA study might vary between±30 % and a factor 10 depending on what kind of parameter isinvestigated. Only one method was found that dealt with datauncertainties in MFA in a complete way; a model developed byHedbrant and Sörme (HS model).
When applying the HS model to the case study of nitrogen flowsin Västerås, it was found that when uncertaintyintervals were calculated the possible conclusions changed. Ofthe two pair of flows compared in relation to priority setting,none of the earlier conclusions remained. Of the three flowsanalysed in relation to following up, only the flow from onepoint source supported the same conclusion when uncertainty wasconsidered.
In all, it is concluded that data uncertainties in MFAanalysis are an important aspect and that further research isneeded in order to improve input data quality estimations andframeworks for determining, calculating and presenting data, datauncertainties and results from MFA studies. However, theunderlying reality remains, e.g. that management of materialflows are important for understanding and reducing the negativeenvironmental impact. Thus, MFA is one useful tool in thiswork.
Keywords:data uncertainties, sensitivity analysis,Material flow analysis, MFA, method to determine datauncertainties, case study, ComBox model, nitrogenflows.
8
Evans, Taylor. "Genetic Engineering as Literary Praxis: A Study in Contemporary Literature." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5200.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis considers the understudied issue of genetic engineering as it has been deployed in the literature of the late 20th century. With reference to the concept of the enlightened gender hybridity of Cyborg theory and an eye to ecocritical implications, I read four texts: Joan Slonczewski's 1986 science fiction novel A Door Into Ocean, Octavia Butler's science fiction trilogy Lilith's Brood – originally released between 1987 and 1989 as Xenogenesis – Simon Mawer's 1997 literary novel Mendel's Dwarf, and the first two books in Margaret Atwood's speculative fiction MaddAddam series: 2003's Oryx and Crake and 2009's The Year Of the Flood. I argue that the inclusion of genetic engineering has changed as the technology moves from science fiction to science fact, moving from the fantastic to the mundane. Throughout its recent literary history, genetic engineering has played a role in complicating questions of sexuality, paternity, and the division between nature and culture. It has also come to represent a nexus of potential cultural change, one which stands to fulfill the dramatic hybridity Haraway rhapsodized in her “Cyborg Manifesto” while also containing the potential to disrupt the ecocritical conversation by destroying what we used to understand as nature. Despite their four different takes on the issue, each of the texts I read offers a complex vision of utopian hopes and apocalyptic fears. They agree that, for better or for worse, genetic engineering is forever changing both our world and ourselves.ID: 031001413; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: James Campbell.; Title from PDF title page (viewed June 14, 2013).; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-187).
M.A.
Masters
English
Arts and Humanities
English; Literary, Cultural, and Textual Studies
9
De, la Pena Susana. ""Las flores siempre ganan": Mexican American women writers of the Arizona desert." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289060.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a study of the Arizona Mexican American women writers--las arizonenses--of the twentieth century, with special emphasis on the works by Eva Antonia Wilbur-Cruce and Patricia Preciado Martin. A primary focus of the dissertation is the ways in which these writers relate to their physical and cultural landscapes. A comparative analysis is made between Wilbur-Cruce who responds to a critical time of transition for Mexican American rancheros moving from rural to urban areas at the turn of the century, and Preciado Martin, who focuses on the neo-colonization and growing tourism of Tucson and surrounding areas during the second half of the twentieth century. Playwright Silviana Wood and poet Patti Blanco are studied for the contributions they make to the writing about life in a small Arizona mining community and the Tucson Mexican American barrio, respectively.
10
Coletti, Vagner. "As flores do mal e eu : um olhar pelo prisma do grotesco /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102415.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Guacira Marcondes MachadoBanca: Gloria Carneiro do Amaral
Banca: Maria Adélia Menegazzo
Banca: Adalberto Luis Vicente
Banca: Karin Volobuef
Resumo: Esta tese tem como objetivo a análise comparativa entre Les Fleurs du Mal, de Charles Baudelaire, e Eu, de Augusto dos Anjos, tendo como principal base teórica o grotesco enquanto manifestação artística. Talvez, na atualidade, poucos críticos tenham dúvida quanto à leitura, por parte de Augusto dos Anjos, de Les Fleurs du Mal. Mas isso não significa, de modo algum, cópia, ou influência tão direta, como já foi tão amplamente discutido. Uma leitura mais atenta mostra rumos diferentes, posturas diferentes, modos de chocar diferentes. Eis o ponto em que a análise das manifestações grotescas na obra de ambos se faz pertinente. Desta maneira, temos o grotesco como princípio de comparação, mostrando muito mais do que uma simples influência, mas uma gama de idéias que poderiam aproximar Augusto dos Anjos não apenas de Baudelaire, como também da tendência moderna que se delineou desde o poeta francês, e desde o Romantismo, e que seguiu dentro de algumas correntes vanguardistas rumo o século XX. Por outro lado, a análise tem como objetivo apontar diferenças que denotem tomadas de postura diversas que caracterizem a originalidade de cada poeta, e que mostrem, sobretudo no caso de Augusto dos Anjos, até que ponto as influências sofridas contribuíram para a formação da identidade de sua poesia, e até que ponto essas mesmas influências foram superadas para a criação de um livro tão intrigante quanto o Eu.
Abstract: This thesis is about the analysis of Les Fleurs du Mal (Charles Baudelaire) and Eu (Augusto dos Anjos) using the grotesque as the main theorical principle while artistic manifestation. Perhaps, nowadays, few reviewers aren't sure about Les Fleurs du Mal reading by Augusto dos Anjos, but it doesn't mean a case of copying, or a direct influence, as it was discussed so often. A profound analysis may show different ways, different postures, and different manners of shocking. That's the point in which the analysis of grotesque in both books becomes important. By this way, we have the grotesque as a principle of comparison, showing much more than a simple influence, but ideas that approximate Augusto dos Anjos not only to Baudelaire, but also to the Modern tendency that was created by that French poet and, before, by the Romanticism itself, following some avant-garde tendencies through XX century. On another hand, the analysis targets the differences that indicate several characteristics with denote the originality of each poet and reveals, mainly in Augusto dos Anjos' case, how the suffered influences contributed to the identity of his poetry, and how these same influences were overcome to the creation of a so interesting book.
Doutor
Books on the topic "Floods in literature"
More sourcesBook chapters on the topic "Floods in literature"
1
Jakobsson, Elin. "Political Attention in a Creeping Crisis: The Case of Climate Change and Migration." In Understanding the Creeping Crisis, 131–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70692-0_8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter discusses the creeping crisis of rising human displacement induced by environmental degradation and natural catastrophes. Sea-level rise, droughts, and the increased occurrence of hurricanes and floods already have, and increasingly will have, drastic effects on migration patterns. Climate-induced displacement already outnumbers displacement from war or violence. Nation states and the international community have consistently failed to properly address this phenomenon. Only recently has political attention begun to increase. This chapter argues that our understanding of climate-induced migration can be improved with the help of the creeping crisis concept. In addition, climate-induced migration may provide insights to the underlying mechanisms of creeping crises. More to the point, this chapter explores the rise and fall of political attention in this case, offers insights on what lies behind this and reflects upon the broader implications for the literature on creeping crises.
2
Howard, James P. "Literature Review." In Socioeconomic Effects of the National Flood Insurance Program, 7–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29063-8_2.
Full text
3
Kuhlmann, Peter Alois. "Florus." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_11286-1.
Full text
4
Schmalzriedt, Egidius. "Florus: Epitome." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_11287-1.
Full text
5
Wild, Gerhard. "Flores, Juan de." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_3603-1.
Full text
6
Tügel, Franziska, Ahmed Hadidi, Ilhan Özgen-Xian, Jingming Hou, and Reinhard Hinkelmann. "Validation of Flash Flood Simulations Using Satellite Images and Community-Based Observations—Impact of Infiltration and Small-Scale Topographical Features." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 183–207. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis work is aimed at investigating flash floods in the region of El Gouna, Egypt, by using a 2D robust shallow-water model that incorporates the Green-Ampt model to find the most realistic infiltration setting for this desert area. The results of different infiltration settings are compared to inundation areas observed from LANDSAT 8 images as well as to community-based information and photographs to validate the results despite scarce data availability. The model tends to overestimate infiltration in the study area if tabulated Green-Ampt parameters for the dominant soil texture class are considered. Specifically, bare soils with no vegetation tend to develop a surface crust, leading to significantly decreased infiltration rates during heavy rainfalls. Comparing the results of different infiltration settings with the observed data showed that the crust approach or the consideration of sandy clay loam instead of sand led to more plausible results for the considered study area than those obtained using the values for sand from two different sources in the literature. Furthermore, small-scale structures, which are not appropriately captured in the original digital surface model, but significantly affect the resulting flow field, have been included based on the available information leading to much more plausible results.
7
Owolabi, Bayode. "Literature Review and Background Theory." In Characterisation of Turbulent Duct Flows, 7–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19745-2_2.
Full text
8
Sheng, Yuming. "The English-Language Literature." In Intersectoral Resource Flows and China’s Economic Development, 7–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12111-3_2.
Full text
9
Sheng, Yuming. "The Chinese-Language Literature." In Intersectoral Resource Flows and China’s Economic Development, 33–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12111-3_3.
Full text
10
Pastrikakis, Vasileios, and George Barakos. "Introduction and Literature Survey." In Recent Progress in Flow Control for Practical Flows, 3–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50568-8_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Floods in literature"
1
Renouf, G., G. Bolton, and P. Nakutnyy. "Chemical Flooding in Western Canada – Successes and Operational Challenges." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204321-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Over the last 30 years, chemical flooding of oil reservoirs has been broadly adopted as a technique for enhanced and incremental oil recovery around the world. Western Canadian oil producers have embraced polymer flooding to recover heavy oil, but have applied other forms of chemical flooding more sparingly. This study examines 31 chemical floods - ASP, AP, SP, alkali, and nanosurfactant floods - from mostly heavy oil fields (20 heavy oil, 10 medium oil, and one light oil). The success of the chemical floods was related to over forty reservoir and operating parameters, including water quality. We also discuss the operational challenges common in western Canada. Chemical flooding projects were identified through searches of government documents. Production and injection data were gathered using Accumap software; and reservoir and operating parameters were gathered from government documents and literature. Incremental recovery was calculated by performing decline curve analysis of the waterflooding production. The incremental recovery was the difference between the actual production during chemical flooding, and the predicted production had waterflooding continued rather than shifting to chemical flooding. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the most important parameters to the success of the chemical floods. The incremental recoveries ranged from 0 to 22% of original oil-in-place (OOIP), or 0 to 44% of OOIP per pore volume. Twenty-three of the 31 floods improved their water-oil ratios (WOR) after the start of chemical flooding. Water quality was a significant issue to the success of the chemical floods, leading to problems that were not anticipated in the planning and development stages. Some case histories are discussed to better illustrate the best practices for chemical recovery of heavy and medium oils. Water sources, management, treatment and chemistry all pose significant challenges that are often not fully assessed before starting the chemical flood projects. The review highlights challenges common to chemical flooding of heavy oil, and discusses common effects experienced as a result of water and chemistry compromises.
2
Shankar, Vivek, Shekhar Sunit, Robert Zagitov, Abhishek Kumar Gupta, Suresh Kumar, Ritesh Kumar, Kumarish Pahari, Rahul Agarwal, Petro Nakutnyy, and Santhosh Veerabhadrappa. "Evaluation of Alternative Polymers for Mangala Polymer Flood." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211461-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Mangala field is under polymer-flood since 2015. The polymer-flood is very successful in accelerating recovery compared to waterflood. As the flood matured, field performance indicated that part of the injected polymer was degrading in the reservoir. Lab studies and polymer samples collected from the reservoir suggest that the most likely reason of degradation is increased hydrolysis due to thermal ageing. This degradation compels higher dosing of polymer to make up for the lost viscosity and increases operating costs. Polymer precipitation in the reservoir may also lead to loss of reservoir permeability. Literature survey and preliminary lab studies showed that polymers with Acrylamide-Tertiary-Butyl-Sulfonic acid monomer units (referred as ATBS polymers) could be a suitable option for Mangala. To evaluate the hypothesis, team did a series of lab and core flood studies. The studies include accelerated thermal ageing, rheology, dynamic adsorption, injectivity, water flood with fresh and degraded samples and compatibility studies with topside chemicals. Two HPAM polymers with different DOH and two ATBS polymers were evaluated. The selected ATBS polymer was then tested for compatibility with surface topside chemicals. The studies show that the classic 20-25% DOH HPAM suffers viscosity degradation and possible precipitation in Mangala reservoir conditions. ATBS polymers and a lower DOH HPAM provide superior results to the incumbent HPAM with an acrylamide (86)-ATBS (14) copolymer providing the best results. ATBS polymers were especially resistance to cloud point lowering and provide some superiority in shear degradation. ATBS monomer was resistant to hydrolysis in the period of testing. Contrary to published literature ATBS polymers showed higher adsorption and their propagation through cores required higher pressure drop. ATBS polymer seemed to plug a low permeability section of the core stack. All polymers reach their peak viscosity at 30-40% hydrolysis and decline sharply after 40%. However, viscosity and cloud points measured during accelerated ageing are possibly conservative. A large-scale pilot of ATBS injection in Mangala is underway to validate the laboratory test results. ATBS polymer can be a suitable polymer for some layers of Mangala with high residence time and permeability. The choice is driven by the economics of the incremental cost of ATBS for the benefits it offers. In some sands with shorter inter wells pacing, a lower DOH HPAM may work out to be a more cost-effective solution. The study results provide insights to operators to understand the reservoir performance of existing polymer-floods and plan for future polymer-floods.
3
Sagyndikov, Marat, Randall Seright, and Nauryzbek Tuyakov. "An Unconventional Approach to Model a Polymer Flood in the Kalamkas Oilfield." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209355-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article describes the main features of an unconventional approach to model a polymer flood in the Kalamkas oilfield. This non-standard simulation method is based on specially performed inter-well tracer tests, step-rate tests, pressure fall-off tests, dedicated field studies, well monitoring, and lab analysis. Our approach excludes permeability reduction as a mechanism to provide more mobility reduction than expected from rheology measurements (resistance factor) and by improving the recovery during post-polymer water flooding (residual resistance factor). Evidence is presented to support this exclusion for real field applications. Additionally, our approach places a significant emphasis on history matching bottomhole pressures. Our effort accounts well for the decreased mobility of the injected polymer solution and increased rock permeability during a polymer flood. In contrast to most other simulation approaches to polymer flooding, our method incorporates open fractures during polymer injection and their impact on injectivity and sweep efficiency. A literature review (lab tests and field cases) and our laboratory and field studies confirm the validity of our approach and its advantages over other modern simulator modeling of polymer flooding. From viscosity measurements of back-produced polymer solutions from injectors and well tests (inter-well tracer tests, pressure fall-off tests, step rate tests), we proved that polymer flooding induces fractures or fracture-like features and consequently, the polymer solution flows through the fracture with increased injectivity proportional to a resistance factor. Also, incorporated are expectations during a brine post-flush and the absence of the residual resistance factor (i.e., equal to 1). Implementation of these concepts brings our model closer to reality for simulating polymer floods.
4
Pham, Quynh C., and Lesley A. James. "Considering the CO2 Source and Capture Technique to Reduce Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP) for Enriched Water Alternating Gas (WAG) Injection." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62643.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract CO2 is a well-known and commonly used solvent for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CO2-rich natural gas fields have been the source of CO2 for onshore EOR for more than 50 years. Offshore, the story is different. Some jurisdictions like offshore Norway and Gulf of Mexico send their gas to market, pipelines from offshore to Europe and the United States exist, and CO2 must be stripped from the natural gas to meet pipeline specifications. Oil rig power generation has, for the most part, been electrified. Other jurisdictions like offshore Newfoundland, Canada, have stranded uneconomic, sweet natural gas. Power generation relies on diesel or natural gas combustion turbines producing post combustion CO2. Onshore, CO2 floods are common where most of the CO2 comes from natural gas sweetening. Post combustion CO2 has been used for EOR in Weyburn, Saskatchewan, Canada and other onshore fields. The Hibernia EOR Research Group has been investigating the integrated capture and injection of CO2 from post combustion for the purposes of EOR. Challenges include the space and size of CO2 capture technologies for offshore oil production platforms, most certainly existing brownfield facilities. From an EOR perspective, a notable challenge is the constrained volume of CO2, which is insufficient for CO2 flooding. The CO2 volumes are however sufficient for carbonated water injection (CWI), individual block CO2 flood or WAG, or CO2 enriched natural gas WAG. Current carbon capture technologies are not 100% efficient, resulting in impurities in the CO2 stream, such as N2, CH4, O2, etc. The CO2 and impurity concentrations impact the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) and subsequent oil recovery. The relationship between different CO2 capture technologies and the resulting impurities, their respective concentrations, and the impact on MMP is deficient in the literature. Experimental techniques to estimate MMP were compared based on the literature, and it was determined that a slim tube test is the most reliable method. In this work, the CO2 concentration is varied from 0 to 100 mol%, which covers the missing range in literature. The Multiple Contact Miscibility (MCM) was first simulated, providing a good estimation of the MMP value. A slim tube simulation was completed using PVT-sim and validated with experimental values from literature. This simulation was then used to determine MMP when CO2 concentration is varied. The results indicate that MMP is reduced by increasing the concentration of CO2 in the natural gas. The amount of CO2 required in Gas Mixture to achieve MMP were deduced for each scenario. Furthermore, impurities can positively or negatively impact the MMP, even in small concentrations. This work investigates, by simulation, the effect on MMP of CO2 and natural gas mixtures, and impurities in the CO2 stream based on source and capture techniques. The study is critical to the design of an integrated CO2 capture and injection process to store CO2, reduce emissions, and enhance oil recovery.
5
Zhang, D. Leslie, Chunyan Qi, Xiaodong Shi, Jianfei Zhan, Xue Han, Xiangyun Li, Ze Wang, and Baojun Bai. "EVALUATION OF RELATIVE PERMEABILITY OF A TIGHT OIL FORMATION IN DAQING OILFIELD." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0075.
Full textAbstract:
Relative permeability is one of the most important petrophysical parameters to evaluate a reservoir’s production during primary and subsequent secondary or enhanced oil recovery processes. Yet measured relative permeability data for tight oil reservoirs are very scarce to find in the literature, mainly because the measurement is difficult and time consuming to make. In this paper the protocol and results of water/oil, surfactant /oil, CO2/oil, and N2/oil relative permeability are presented, and compared to the digital core analysis results where wettability was set to water-wet or mixed-wet, as well as the Brooks-Corey model. Amott-Harvey wettability index was measured to explain the differences. The target formation is a sandstone tight oil formation located in Songliao Basin, China. Its permeability is mostly in the 0.01-5mD range. Core and oil samples from the target formation were used in the wettability and relative permeability determination. Relative permeability was measured at reservoir conditions using a customized core flow setup. Core samples were cleaned then wettability restored. To match the reservoir fluid viscosity and avoid changing wettability, stock tank oil was blended with kerosene to reservoir fluid viscosity at reservoir temperature. Relative permeability was measured using the unsteady-state method. Amott-Harvey wettability index was measured on core samples from the same formation at reservoir temperature. Amott-Harvey wettability index results show that the restored wettability ranged from water-wet to oil-wet, with most samples being mixed-wt. The addition of non-ionic surfactant promoted wettability change toward more water-wetness. However, anionic surfactant had little effect on reversing wettability. Oil relative permeability (Kro) results obtained from the digital rock analysis (DRA) assuming uniform water-wetness are consistent with relative permeability calculated from mercury injection capillary pressure using Brooks-Corey model. When wettability of the digital rock model was set to mixed-wet, the resulted Kro matches the measured Kro of a sister plug to the sample used to build the digital rock model, which is consistent with the wettability measurements. The addition of surfactants increased both water and oil relative permeability through wettability alteration and IFT reduction. CO2 flood was conducted as an immiscible flood due to reservoir pressure lower than MMP. CO2 flood left high residual oil saturation compared with water floods. N2 flood left even more oil behind compared with CO2 flood. Relative permeability provides key input parameters for formation evaluation and the subsequent EOR processes such as huff-n-puff operations. There are very little published relative permeability data for tight oil reservoirs. This work extends the relative permeability database, and is a starting point for future EOR work.
6
Khurshid, Ilyas, Emad W. Al-Shalabi, and Imran Afgan. "New Insights into Surfactant Adsorption Estimation During ASP Flooding in Carbonates Under Harsh Conditions Using Surface Complexation Modeling." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207912-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Several laboratory experiments demonstrated that the use of sodium hydroxide could increase the solution pH and reduce the adsorption of anionic surfactants. However, a better understanding of rock-oil-brine interactions and their effect on surfactant adsorption during alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding is needed for realistic and representative estimations of surfactant adsorption levels. Therefore, this study presents a novel approach to capture these interactions and better predict their effect on surfactant adsorption as well as effluent concentrations of surfactant and various aqueous species. Currently, surface complexation models (SCM) consider rock-brine, oil-brine, and surfactant-brine reactions. In this work, four new surface complexation reactions with intrinsic stability constants that honor oil-surfactant interactions have been proposed for the first time and then validated against experimental data reported in the literature. In addition, we analyzed the effect of various parameters on surface adsorption under harsh conditions of high-temperature and high-salinity using the proposed surface complexation model (SCM). The results showed that the developed surfactant-based SCM is robust and accurate for estimating surfactant adsorption and its concentration in the effluent during chemical floods. The model was validated against two sets of ASP corefloods from the literature including single-phase and two-phase dynamic surfactant adsorption studies. The findings highlighted that oil-surfactant surface complexation reactions are important and should be captured for more representative and accurate estimation of surfactant adsorption during chemical flooding. Moreover, the detail and comprehensive analysis showed that surfactant adsorption increases and its concentration in the effluent decreases with the increase in temperature of the chemical flood, which could be due to the increase in kinetic energy of the species. It was also showed that a decrease in water total salinity decreases the surfactant adsorption on the rock surface, which is related to the increase in the repulsive forces between the adsorbed species. Additionally, with the increase in surfactant concentration in the chemical flood, the effluent surfactant concertation increases, with a slight increase in surfactant adsorption. This slight increase in adsorption can be neglected compared to the injected and produced masses of the surfactant that are proportional. Moreover, the effect of sulfate spiking is significant where the increase in sulfate concentration reduces the surfactant adsorption. Furthermore, it is worth highlighting that the lowest surfactant adsorption levels were achieved through injected water dilution; less than 0.1 mg/g of rock. This is the first study to test a novel formulation of surface complexation modeling considering oil-surfactant effect on surfactant adsorption properties. The proposed framework to estimate surfactant adsorption is conducted for high-temperature and high-salinity reservoir condition. Thus, it could be used in numerical reservoir simulators to estimate oil recovery due to wettability alteration by chemical flooding in carbonates, which will be investigated in our future work. The surfactant adsorption mechanisms during chemical flooding is very case-dependent and hence, the findings of this study cannot be generalized.
7
Ramadhani, Amesta, Laksmi Devi, Dwita Sihombing, and Chrisshine Raphonita. "Future Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy Based on Land Use Prediction in a Surrounding Area of a Newly Developed Airport Infrastructure." In The 2nd International Conference on Technology for Sustainable Development. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-j40cjp.
Full textAbstract:
Many works of literature stated that the development of new infrastructure, including airports, could affect land-use change as well as built-up areas expansion. The conversion of undeveloped land into business, recreational, and residential sites are driven by the need for complementary facilities for airports. In the end, the development of the airport and these changes are hopefully leading to the economic development of surrounding areas. However, several areas are exposed to some hazards, including tsunamis, earthquakes, drought, and floods, which could potentially hinder economic development. When the built-up areas expand uncontrollably, those risks will also increase in the future. Therefore, this paper will seek to predict the changes in built-up areas driven by the development of a newly built airport area. The case study is conducted in the new construction of the airport, namely Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) in Kalurahan Glagah, Kulon Progo Regency, as it officially began in 2017. After understanding future land use, this paper will try to develop strategies to minimize disaster risks. The prediction will use cellular automata modeling using the MOLUSCE plugin of QGIS. Other driving factors will also be considered in this paper, such as distance to road, distance to existing residential areas, etc. Finally, the prediction map will be overlaid with hazard maps of the Kulon Progo Regency in order to understand the exposed area. This paper hopefully could be an input to the future policies in Kulon Progo.
8
Syaifuddin, Wan. "Malay Oral Literature on Billah Riverside and Flood Prevention." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amca-18.2018.10.
Full text
9
Syaifuddin, Wan. "Malay Oral Literature on Asahan Riverside and Flood Prevention." In International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010070412181223.
Full text
10
Bordeaux-Rego, Fabio, Mehran Mehrabi, Esmail Eltahan, and Kamy Sepehrnoori. "Physics-Based and Data-Driven Wettability Alteration Model." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209349-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper presents a new wettability alteration model based on surface complexation theory and an extensive experimental dataset. The objective is to provide a general correlation for contact angle calculation that (1) captures the main mechanisms that impact rock-brine-oil wettability and (2) minimizes the number of parameters used to tune with experimental data. We compile a set of 141 zeta-potential and contact-angle measurements from the literature. We study the oil/rock surface-complexation reactions and model the electrostatic behavior of each data point. We develop a new wettability model that estimates the contact angle and consists of five terms based on the Young-Laplace equation. We use the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm to determine the model-parameter values that produce the best fit of experimental observations. The contact angle estimates produced by our model are also verified against those calculated by Extended-Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeekand (EDLVO) theory and are validated using UTCOMP-IPhreeqc to simulate five limestone Amott tests from the literature. The Blind-testing test reveals that our model is predictive of the experimental data (R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 12.5). While reducing the tuning parameters by half, our model is comparable to and–in some cases–even superior to the EDLVO modeling in predicting the contact angle measurements. We argue that EDLVO modeling has 10+ parameters, and the individual errors associated with each parameter could lead to wrong predictions. Amott-test simulations show excellent agreement between the proposed wettability-alteration model and experimental data. The rock's initial wettability was measured to be strongly oil-wet, with a negative Amott index and recovery factor around 5%, corroborating the calculated contact angle of 160 degrees. The recovery factor increases to about 20-35% as the rock becomes more water-wet after interaction with engineered water (contact angle changes to 90-64 degrees). Further analysis indicates the proposed model's capability to capture significant wettability-alteration trends. For example, we report increased water-wetting as brine ionic strength decreases, depicting the low-salinity effect. In addition, our model resulted in better convergence in some of the simulated core floods compared to EDLVO modeling. We conclude that our physics-based and data-driven model is a practical and efficient approach to predict rock-brine-oil wettability.
Reports on the topic "Floods in literature"
1
Higuera Roa, Oscar, Jack O'Connor, Ogunwumi Taiwo Seun, Christopher Ihinegbu, Josefine Reimer Lynggaard, Zita Sebesvari, Caitlyn Eberle, and Margaret Koli. Technical Report: Lagos floods. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wquh9842.
Full textAbstract:
Lagos faces increasingly severe annual flooding, exacerbated by sea level rise and subsidence. In 2021, floods again submerged vehicles and houses, displacing thousands from their homes. The demand for sand in construction materials drives illegal sand mining and erosion on the coast of Nigeria, degrading ecosystems and increasing flood risk. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Lagos floods through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
2
Tom, Joe, Marcelo Garcia, and Haode Wang. Review of Methodologies to Assess Bridge Safety During and After Floods. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-008.
Full textAbstract:
This report summarizes a review of technologies used to monitor bridge scour with an emphasis on techniques appropriate for testing during and immediately after design flood conditions. The goal of this study is to identify potential technologies and strategies for Illinois Department of Transportation that may be used to enhance the reliability of bridge safety monitoring during floods from local to state levels. The research team conducted a literature review of technologies that have been explored by state departments of transportation (DOTs) and national agencies as well as state-of-the-art technologies that have not been extensively employed by DOTs. This review included informational interviews with representatives from DOTs and relevant industry organizations. Recommendations include considering (1) acquisition of tethered kneeboard or surf ski-mounted single-beam sonars for rapid deployment by local agencies, (2) acquisition of remote-controlled vessels mounted with single-beam and side-scan sonars for statewide deployment, (3) development of large-scale particle image velocimetry systems using remote-controlled drones for stream velocity and direction measurement during floods, (4) physical modeling to develop Illinois-specific hydrodynamic loading coefficients for Illinois bridges during flood conditions, and (5) development of holistic risk-based bridge assessment tools that incorporate structural, geotechnical, hydraulic, and scour measurements to provide rapid feedback for bridge closure decisions.
3
Higuera Roa, Oscar, and Jack O'Connor. Technical Report: Hurricane Ida. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/nyky2894.
Full textAbstract:
On 1 September 2021, remnants of Hurricane Ida, the costliest disaster of 2021, brought historic rainfall to New York City, triggering the city’s first-ever flash flood alerts as water flooded streets, subway stations and apartments. Many of the people that lost their lives in the floods lived in basement apartments, and the water management system was completely overwhelmed, indicating a pressing need for infrastructure improvements to prevent such a disaster from happening again. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for Hurricane Ida through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
4
Perera, Duminda, Ousmane Seidou, Jetal Agnihotri, Mohamed Rasmy, Vladimir Smakhtin, Paulin Coulibaly, and Hamid Mehmood. Flood Early Warning Systems: A Review Of Benefits, Challenges And Prospects. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mjfq3791.
Full textAbstract:
Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people resulting in thousands of mortalities and billiondollar losses globally every year. Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) - one of the floods risk management measures - are currently operational in many countries. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction recognises their importance and strongly advocates for an increase in their availability under the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite widespread recognition of the importance of FEWS for disaster risk reduction (DRR), there’s a lack of information on their availability and status around the world, their benefits and costs, challenges and trends associated with their development. This report contributes to bridging these gaps by analyzing the responses to a comprehensive online survey with over 80 questions on various components of FEWS (risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and communication, and response capabilities), investments into FEWS, their operational effectiveness, benefits, and challenges. FEWS were classified as technologically “basic”, “intermediate” and “advanced” depending on the existence and sophistication of FEWS` components such as hydrological data = collection systems, data transfer systems, flood forecasting methods, and early warning communication methods. The survey questionnaire was distributed to flood forecasting and warning centers around the globe; the primary focus was developing and least-developed countries (LDCs). The questionnaire is available here: https://inweh.unu.edu/questionnaireevaluation-of-flood-early-warning-systems/ and can be useful in its own right for similar studies at national or regional scales, in its current form or with case-specific modifications. Survey responses were received from 47 developing (including LDCs) and six developed countries. Additional information for some countries was extracted from available literature. Analysis of these data suggests the existence of an equal number of “intermediate” and “advanced” FEWS in surveyed river basins. While developing countries overall appear to progress well in FEWS implementation, LDCs are still lagging behind since most of them have “basic” FEWS. The difference between types of operational systems in developing and developed countries appear to be insignificant; presence of basic, intermediate or advanced FEWS depends on available investments for system developments and continuous financing for their operations, and there is evidence of more financial support — on the order of USD 100 million — to FEWS in developing countries thanks to international aid. However, training the staff and maintaining the FEWS for long-term operations are challenging. About 75% of responses indicate that river basins have inadequate hydrological network coverage and back-up equipment. Almost half of the responders indicated that their models are not advanced and accurate enough to produce reliable forecasts. Lack of technical expertise and limited skilled manpower to perform forecasts was cited by 50% of respondents. The primary reason for establishing FEWS, based on the survey, is to avoid property damage; minimizing causalities and agricultural losses appear to be secondary reasons. The range of the community benefited by FEWS varies, but 55% of FEWS operate in the range between 100,000 to 1 million of population. The number of flood disasters and their causalities has declined since the year 2000, while 50% of currently operating FEWS were established over the same period. This decline may be attributed to the combined DRR efforts, of which FEWS are an integral part. In lower-middle-income and low-income countries, economic losses due to flood disasters may be smaller in absolute terms, but they represent a higher percentage of such countries’ GDP. In high-income countries, higher flood-related losses accounted for a small percentage of their GDP. To improve global knowledge on FEWS status and implementation in the context of Sendai Framework and SDGs, the report’s recommendations include: i) coordinate global investments in FEWS development and standardise investment reporting; ii) establish an international hub to monitor the status of FEWS in collaboration with the national responsible agencies. This will support the sharing of FEWS-related information for accelerated global progress in DRR; iii) develop a comprehensive, index-based ranking system for FEWS according to their effectiveness in flood disaster mitigation. This will provide clear standards and a roadmap for improving FEWS’ effectiveness, and iv) improve coordination between institutions responsible for flood forecasting and those responsible for communicating warnings and community preparedness and awareness.
5
Zhang, Sai, and Zhegang Ma. Literature Review and Previous Flood Barrier Tests - Slide Package. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1634832.
Full text
6
Slater, Rachel. Sustaining Existing Social Protection Programmes During Crises: What Do We Know? How Can We Know More? Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.014.
Full textAbstract:
Research on social assistance in crisis situations has focused predominantly on how social assistance can flex in response to rapid-onset emergencies such as floods or hurricanes and to slower-onset shocks such as drought. This paper identifies a substantial knowledge gap – namely, our understanding of the ways in which existing, government-led programmes can be sustained during crises to ensure that households that were already poor and vulnerable before a crisis continue to be supported. The limited literature available focuses on climate- and natural environment-related shocks – far less attention is paid to other crises. Conflict-affected situations are a major gap, although there is an emerging body of evidence of the ways in which focus on adapting delivery mechanisms has allowed social assistance and other social protection programmes to be sustained throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper concludes that a better understanding of when, where and how existing programmes can be sustained during situations of violent conflict will help to ensure that poor and vulnerable households can be supported – either through government programmes or by enabling robust diagnosis of when efforts to sustaining existing programmes will be inadequate and an additional, external responses are required.
7
Kelly, Luke. Lessons on Disaster Resilience Pogramming in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.057.
Full textAbstract:
This rapid literature review finds that lessons drawn from disaster resilience programmes in Pakistan are focused on the best ways to co-ordinate between different resilience work in different sectors. This can be difficult because of the number of NGOs with different sectoral expertise, short time frames for intervention, and the differing capacities of levels of Pakistani government. More generally, although the benefits of linking disaster risk reduction (DRR) to climate change adaptation (CCA) and development work are advocated in many policies, the fact that they are often undertaken by different actors limits synergies. The report also finds that most DRR work is focused on reducing risk from hazards rather than social vulnerabilities. Pakistan is vulnerable to climate change and a range of natural disasters. Following the earthquake in 2005 and floods in 2010, the Pakistani government and international donors have sought to increase the country's resilience to natural hazards. This literature review focuses on disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts, as these constitute a significant portion of the resilience work in Pakistan. It first defines resilience, DRR and the related concept of CCA, as these all aim to improve resilience. It then surveys lessons learned in implementing resilience and DRR programmes in Pakistan. It focuses on lessons relating to sectoral focus, target populations, as well as strategic framework and operating models. It is mainly based on evaluations written by NGOs, UN bodies and international financial institutions. NGO reports are typically focused on specific programmes, although some point to broader features of the landscape for resilience programming in Pakistan. Academic papers charting the trends and issues in resilience programming have also been consulted.
8
Reine, Kevin. A literature review of beach nourishment impacts on marine turtles. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43829.
Full textAbstract:
This Technical Report was developed by the U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center-Environmental Laboratory (ERDC-EL), to summarize the known impacts to nesting sea turtles along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts resulting from beach nourishment. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is responsible for maintaining the nation’s infrastructure to include ports and harbors through dredging of Federal navigation channels as well as shoreline stabilization. Shoreline stabilization through beach nourishment activities can provide opportunities for reductions in storm surge, flood control, and provide opportunities for residential growth, recreational activities, and coastal habitat restoration (Guilfoyle et al. 2019). Beach nourishment is an effective method for protection and enhancement of coastal development projects but may have detrimental impacts on marine life (e.g., nesting sea turtles and shorebirds). The objective of this Technical Report is to examine all elements of the beach nourishment process to include, active beach construction, entrainment of marine turtles in hopper dredges, beach protection and hard structures, beach profile features, compaction and shear resistance, artificial lighting, marine turtle nest relocation, and nesting habitat factors. Recommendations for mitigating and minimizing these impacts are provided.
9
Pickard, Justin, Shilpi Srivastava, Mihir R. Bhatt, and Lyla Mehta. SSHAP In-Focus: COVID-19, Uncertainty, Vulnerability and Recovery in India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.011.
Full textAbstract:
This paper addresses COVID-19 in India, looking at how the interplay of inequality, vulnerability, and the pandemic has compounded uncertainties for poor and marginalised groups, leading to insecurity, stigma and a severe loss of livelihoods. A strict government lockdown destroyed the incomes of farmers and urban informal workers and triggered an exodus of migrant workers from Indian cities, a mass movement which placed additional pressures on the country's rural communities. Elsewhere in the country, lockdown restrictions and pandemic response have coincided with heatwaves, floods and cyclones, impeding disaster response and relief. At the same time, the pandemic has been politicised to target minority groups (such as Muslims, Dalits), suppress dissent, and undermine constitutional values. The paper focuses on how COVID-19 has intersected with and multiplied existing uncertainties faced by different vulnerable groups and communities in India who have remained largely invisible in India's development story. With the biggest challenge for government now being to mitigate the further fall of millions of people into extreme poverty, the brief also reflects on pathways for recovery and transformation, including opportunities for rural revival, inclusive welfare, and community response. This brief is based on a review of existing published and grey literature, and 23 interviews with experts and practitioners from 12 states in India, including representation from domestic and international NGOs, and local civil society organisations. It was developed for the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) by Justin Pickard, Shilpi Srivastava, Lyla Mehta (IDS), and Mihir R. Bhatt. Some of the cases draw on ongoing research of the TAPESTRY project, which explores bottom-up transformations in marginal environments across India and Bangladesh.
10
Alt, Jonathan, Willie Brown, George Gallarno, and John Richards. Risk-based prioritization of operational condition assessments : stakeholder analysis and literature review. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40162.
Full textAbstract:
The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operates, maintains, and manages more than $232 billion worth of the Nation’s water resource infrastructure. Using the Operational Condition Assessment (OCA) system, the USACE allocates limited resources to assess conditions and maintain assets in efforts to minimize risks associated with asset performance degradation. Currently, OCAs are conducted on each component within a facility every 5 years, regardless of the component’s risk contribution. The analysis of risks associated with Flood Risk Management (FRM) facilities, such as dams, includes considering how the facility contributes to its associated FRM watershed system, understanding the consequences of degradation in the facility’s performance, and calculating the likelihood that the facility will perform as expected given the current OCA condition ratings of critical components. This research will develop a scalable methodology to model the probability of failure of components and systems that contribute to the performance of facilities in their respective FRM systems combined with consequences derived from hydrological models of the watershed to develop facility risk scores. This interim report documents the results of the first phase of this effort, stakeholder analysis and literature review, to identify candidate approaches to determine the probability of failure of a facility.