Dissertations / Theses: 'Floods – South Africa'

1

Tigere, Diana. "An evaluation of flood risk communication efforts based upon the values judgements of the inhabitanats of a selection of informal settlements in the Cape Town municipal area." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/813.

Full text

Abstract:

Proposal submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of MTech in Environmental Management
It is widely believed that experts often have a more rational approach towards risks. This is because they are known to use algorithms, formal logic, risk assessments and normative rules to make decisions about risks. The central tenet of this research is that communication based on an understanding of how people conceptualise and evaluate risk communication efforts is critical for translating risk management knowledge into effective risk practices necessary for value generation in flood risk mitigation. Rational decisionEmaking requires both analytic and intuitive systems to operate on a parallel level. Therefore, this research proposes a Flood Risk Communication Model that takes cognisance of lay perceptions. The model emphasises on how risk communication efforts are evaluated by the lay using a combination of descriptive psychological and social construction theories. In particular, the prospect theory, heuristics and biases, cultural theory and trust theory are used to provide explanatory sketches on how flood risk communication efforts are perceived in highly vulnerable environmental contexts such as informal settlements. The challenge in this research however, lies in verifying the model empirically. The associative group analysis technique will be used to generate empirical data from a case study population. Two basic analytic methods will be employed to measure psychological dispositions of respondents. Firstly, word associations are scored and weighted based on frequency of occurrence to generate a dominance score. The higher the dominance score, the greater the interpretation and the more meaningful the theme is for that particular group. Secondly, the different theories of the model are factored into a questionnaire to measure priorities. All the responses are then compared to the proposed model and also used to evaluate actual lay perceptions and feelings towards the current risk communication interventions. The results showed a high level of consistency with the FRCM and hence with the descriptive psychological models of Kahneman and Tversky. However, we conclude that what is has been proposed to be biases are intuitive tendencies to adapt and make sustainable decisions in the face of applicable contextual influences. Thus, these contextual hierarchies determine the reference point and status quo of the recipient in decision making. Therefore, these influences and hierarchies need to be factored in the designing of a risk communication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Sachikonye, Mwazvita Tapiwa Beatrice. "Natural resource use as a coping and adaptation strategy to floods of vulnerable populations in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018194.

Full text

Abstract:

Many of the anticipated increased occurances of natural hazards are not only a consequence of climate change, but rather of rapid and widespread land cover change and the subsequent loss of the buffering capacity provided by healthy ecosystems against natural hazards. Unplanned and unmanaged developments in informal settlements limit government’s ability to mitigate and manage, pointing towards natural resources as being integral for vulnerable communities in developing countries to cope with and mitigate flood disasters. There is a lack of understanding on how natural resources contribute to resilience of vulnerable populations in the Eastern Cape and how they are impacted by these populations before, during and after a flood shock. There also exists a gap in knowledge on how natural resources can mitigate the physical impacts of flooding in South Africa, more so in the Eastern Cape province. Using household questionnaires and GIS techniques, the strategies that households used to recover from the October 2012-February 2013 flood shocks were investigated in informal settlements of three towns (Grahamstown, Port Alfred and Port St Johns). Within the vulnerability paradigm and the sustainable livelihood framework, the study also quantified and evaluated the relative contribution of natural resources to recovery strategies, and lastly, the study investigated how patterns of land use, state of natural vegetation and household topographical location exacerbated or diminished the physical impacts of flooding. This study found that natural resources contributed up to 70 percent to recovery of households from the flood shock, most of this being to reconstruction of housing structures after the flood, less so to economic recovery. It was also found that at a settlement scale the buffering effect of vegetation, although variable amongst settlements, was significant. Settlements that were dominated by dense bush and small trees experienced up to 46 percent less impacts on their property than those surrounded by bare gravel and impervious roofs with degraded environments. The main findings of the research show that natural resources reduce the vulnerability of households in informal settlements to flooding in two significant ways; by physically mitigating against damage to shelters and by also providing an emergency-net function that substitutes financial capital in households. Their inclusion in disaster management has the potential to encourage the sustainable livelihoods of the urban poor in the Eastern Cape

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Raath, Gideon. "The impact of high rainfall and flood events on Eucalyptus camaldulensis distribution along the central Breede River." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97021.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., or River Red Gum, is a commercially valuable yet recognised invasive alien plant (IAP) of riparian zones throughout South Africa. The invasive potential of E. camaldulensis is widely recognised, with specific regulations aimed at the management of E. camaldulensis. E. camaldulensis is known to use large amounts of water, reduce biodiversity, change river morphology and impact hydrological regimes of rivers. In the native range throughout Australia, E. camaldulensis displays a distinct relationship between rainfall, and flood events, for seed dispersal, germination and establishment, and consequently spatial extent, yet little is known about the relationships in the South African context. The aim of this project was to assess the impact of high rainfall and flood events on the establishment and distribution of E. camaldulensis along the Middle Breede River, between Worcester and Swellendam in the Western Cape, by establishing the current spatial extent of E. camaldulensis along the river, identifying flood events since 1950 and evaluating the impact rainfall and flood events had on the spatial extent thereof. Aerial imagery, rainfall, discharge and river level data was obtained dating back to 1980, as well as field data comprising of GPS-bounding of E. camaldulensis stands. Additionally, density measurements were obtained and interviews conducted with land users. Spatial analysis of aerial imagery, coupled with perimeter (GPS) data and density data were used to conduct spatio-temporal analysis, employing GIS and conventional statistical approaches to address the various objectives. Results indicated E. camaldulensis stands had a small overall increase in spatial extent since 1980. Flooding and rainfall events coincided with an increase in occurrence of E. camaldulensis with elevated river levels and frequent flooding, while spatial variation of this relationship was observed. The hydrological regime of the Breede River coincides with a slow increase in spatial extent of E. camaldulensis stands, but no affirmation of a positive real-world relationship was possible using the available data. Results further suggested, based on the current age class composition, that existing stands originated roughly during 1980, possibly due to commercial forestry related seeding into the river. Reduced fragmentation between stakeholders, educational programmes and improved reporting systems were recommended for improved IAP management within the area.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, of Rooibloekom (RB), is ‘n waardevolle kommersiële, maar erkende indringer plantspesie (IP) wat veral oewersones in Suid-Afrika indring. Die indringerpotensiaal van E. camaldulensis is welbekend, en spesifieke regulasies, gemik op die bestuur van RB en ander spesies is reeds aangeneem. E. camaldulensis is veral bekend vir sy hoë watergebruik, sy vermindering van biodiversiteit, sy vermoë om riviervorme te verander en sy algehele impak op die hidrologiese patroon van riviere waarmee dit in aanraking kom. In sy oorspronklike verspreidingsgebied in Australië toon E. camaldulensis ‘n bepaalde verhouding tussen reënval en vloedgebeurtenisse vir saadverspreiding, ontkieming en vestiging en derhalwe die ruimtelike verspreiding van die spesie; alhoewel hierdie verhouding in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks steeds redelik onverduidelik bly. Die doelwit van hierdie studie was dus om die impak van hoë reënval en vloedgebeurtenisse op die ruimtelike verspreiding en vestiging van E. camaldulensis teenaan die Middel Breëde Rivier, spesifiek tussen Worcester en Swellendam, te evalueer. Hierdie doelwit was bereik deur die historiese ruimtelike verspreiding teenaan die rivier te meet, hoë reënval en vloedgebeurtenisse vanaf 1980 te identifiseer, en die huidige verspreiding en omtrek met GPS te meet. Digtheidafmetings, sowel as onderhoude met belanghebbendes teenaan die rivier was ook opgeneem. Visuele interpretatasie van lugfotos, sowel as omtrek (GPS) en digtheid-data was gebruik om ruimtelike analise uit te voer, deur die gebruik van GIS en konvensionele statistiese metodes, ten einde die doelwitte te evalueer. Resultate dui aan dat E. camaldulensis areas ‘n klein algemene groei getoon het sedert 1980. Hoë-reënval en gereëlde vloedgebeurtenisse het ook gepaard gegaan met ‘n groei van E. camaldulensis oppervlak, alhoewel hierdie verhouding ruimtelike variasie getoon het, met ‘n algemene groei patroon gemerk oor die volledige studietydperk. Ook geen stimulerende verhouding kon vanuit die beskikbare data bevestig word nie. Addisionele resultate het aangedui dat die verspreiding van E. camaldulensis ongeveer 1980 onstaan het, moontlik as gevolg van kommersiële bosbou-aanplanting en verwante saadverspreiding in die rivier vanaf daardie tyd. Aanbevelings ten opsigte van verbeterde indringerbestuur sluit in die beperking van huidige fragmentasie tussen belanghebbendes en betrokke verwyderingsorganisasies, addisionele onderrigprogramme sowel as die verbetering van terugvoersisteme.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

De, Waal Jan Hofmeyr. "Extreme rainfall distributions : analysing change in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71654.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Severe floods in the Western Cape have caused significant damage to hydraulic structures, roads and other infrastructure over the past decade. The current design criteria for these structures and flood return level calculations are based on the concept of stationarity, which assumes that natural systems vary within an envelope of variability that does not change with time. In the context of regional climate change and projected changes in rainfall intensity, the basis for these calculations may become unrealistic with the passage of time. Hydraulic structures and other infrastructure may become more vulnerable to damaging floods because of changing hydroclimatic conditions. This project assesses the changes in extreme rainfall values over time across the Western Cape, South Africa. Using a Generalised Pareto Distribution, this study examines the changes in return levels across the Western Cape region for the periods 1900-1954 and 1955-2010. Of the 137 rainfall stations used in this research, 85 (62%) showed an increase in 50-year return level, 30 (22%) a decrease in 50-year return level and 22 (16%) stations displayed little change in rainfall intensity over time. While there were no clear spatial patterns to the results, they clearly indicate an increase in frequency of intense rainfalls in the latter half of the 20th and early 21st century. The changes in return level are also accompanied by a change in the frequency of high intensity 2-3 day long storms. 115 (84%) of the 137 rainfall stations showed an increase in the frequency of long duration, high intensity storms over the data record. This change generates a shifting risk profile of extreme rainfalls, which, in turn, creates challenges for the design of hydraulic structures and any infrastructure exposed to the resulting damaging floods. It can therefore be argued that it is inappropriate to design structures or manage water resources assuming stationarity of climate and that these principles should be assessed in order to reduce the risk of flood damage owing to increasing storm intensity. KEY WORDS Flood Risk, Stationarity, Disaster Risk, Hazard, Extreme Rainfall, Generalized Pareto Distribution, Climate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Surovitskikh, Svetlana. "The relationship between South African aviation policy in Africa and air passenger traffic flows." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30542.

Full text

Abstract:

International air transport has been one of the most highly regulated and restrictive industries in the world, governed by bilateral air services agreements (BASAs). More recently progressive liberalisation, through the gradual removal of regulatory restrictions, has taken place in major air markets of the world. In Africa, more than a decade ago, African leaders agreed to liberalise the intra-African aviation market through the Yamoussoukro Decision (YD) of 2000 but its full potential across the Continent has not yet been realised. Many studies worldwide have been done on air liberalisation and its impact on air traffic flows but very few include Africa. This study focuses on the impact on air passenger traffic flows of South Africa’s aviation policy in Africa by investigating the link between South Africa’s aviation policy, as reflected in the design of its BASAs, and air passenger traffic flows over an 11 year period (2000 to 2010). A mixed research methodology was followed. Qualitatively, a two-round Delphi technique was employed to determine the views of aviation experts from academia, the public and private sectors, on features of BASAs, as well as those unrelated to BASAs, that have an influence on air passenger traffic flows between country-pairs in Africa. Twenty-five BASA features and 48 non-BASA factors were identified from which a conceptual framework was formulated. The quantitative phase aimed at estimating and statistically quantifying the impact of the degree of restrictiveness or liberalisation of the respective BASAs, as measured by four variants of the Air Liberalisation Index (ALI): STD, 5th+, DES+ and OWN+. It also aimed at identifying which specific provisions of BASAs had the most significant impact on air passenger traffic flows. A fixed one-way panel regression technique was applied to the selected 11 year panel data set of 42 African countries, representing five markets: intra- African; the SADC; West African; East African and North African. A number of other predictors were also identified which meant that the impact of the aviation policy on air passenger traffic flows could not be tested in isolation: the degree of liberalisation of the policy as measured by the ALI; the number of years BASAs have been in place; GDP; the presence of a low-income country; the magnitude of services trade flows; and population size. The simultaneous impact of the six predictors was tested in each of the five markets with the various markets showing different predictors as being statistically significant. In the intra-African and SADC regional markets these were Trade, ALI and GDP; in the East African market Low Income, Trade, ALI and Population but in the North African market only GDP. Where the impact of the aviation policy was found to be significant, individual provisions such as fifth freedom traffic rights, capacity, designation and cooperative arrangements were tested for their impact on air passenger traffic over two time periods: 2000 – 2010 and 2006 – 2010. These also proved to be significantly different for the various regions. The results of this research provide new insights into the relationship between air passenger traffic flows and aviation policy in the South African – intra-African and regional contexts. The research technique used in the South African – intra-African market expands on the established cross-sectional 2005 QUASAR database, laying a foundation for similar studies in other regions where impact of policy over time can be established.
Thesis (DCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Tourism Management
unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

McClintock, Murray, and n/a. "Physical volcanology of the Sterkspruit flood basalt crater complex, South Africa." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070601.161342.

Full text

Abstract:

Volcanism associated with the onset of Karoo flood basalt eruptions (c. 180 Ma) at Sterkspruit, South Africa, began with emplacement of thin lava flows before abruptly switching to phreatomagmatic and magmatic activity that formed a nest of craters, spatter and tuff rings and cones that collectively comprise a crater complex >40 km� filled by 9-18 km� of volcaniclastic debris. Phreatomagmatic activity driven by interaction of Karoo magma with groundwater hosted in country rock and crater-filling debris quarried broad, mainly shallow craters (hundreds of metres, but not kilometers deep) into wall-rock. Closely spaced individual vents, the consequence of magma emplaced over a broad area through a network of feeder dikes and stocks, were active at the same time or over short periods of time. Highly ephemeral access of external water to vents drove repeated and reversible switches between explosive to effusive magmatic and explosive phreatomagmatic activity, resulting in vents and craters that grew laterally and vertically into adjacent ones through quarrying and vent migration. Deposits within the Sterkspruit crater complex are dominated by 7-15 km� of massive, unsorted polymict lapilli tuff and tuff breccia juxtaposed with localised fountain-fed lava and strombolian spatter deposits. Transport within the complex was dominated by jets and fountains of volcaniclastic debris and by mass movement. Country-rock breccias indicate that craters grew via a combination of mechanical fragmentation, granulation and mass-movement of 7-12 km� of wall-rock, adding mass and previously locked-up pore-water to the volcanic system. Ash and lapilli, the deposits of plumes 5-15 km high, form a 50-110 m-thick ejecta blanket mantling Clarens Formation country rock that thins gradually away from the crater-complex margins. Explosive volcanism was succeeded by brief fluvial and eolian reworking of volcaniclastic debris and formation of a shallow crater lake 12 km� in extent, and then by voluminous effusion of flood basalt that inundated the Sterkspruit crater complex with lava. Flood basalt magmas involved in Sterkspruit eruptions were chemically heterogenous. This study documents the rapid (perhaps simultaneous) eruption of multiple, chemically distinct basaltic magmas, which cannot be simply related to one another, from one vent site, and possibly many others, within the Sterkspruit crater complex. Five distinct magma types were involved in eruptions at Sterkspruit, indicating that in the early stages of flood basalt eruption (i) magma batches may be small and not simply related to one another, (ii) heterogeneities in the magma source region may be close to each other in time and space, and (iii) eruptions of chemically distinct magmas may take place over short intervals of space and time without significant hybridisation. Formation of the Sterkspruit Complex, and many others like it in South Africa, confirms that the opening phases of Karoo flood basalt volcanism were explosive, and that the volume of the products of explosive volcanism may have important implications for climate change and landscape development associated with the emplacement of large igneous provinces.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Els, Zelda. "Data availability and requirements for flood hazard mapping in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17803.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Floods have been identified as one of the major natural hazards occurring in South Africa. A disaster risk assessment forms the first phase in planning for effective disaster risk management through identifying and assessing all hazards that occur within a geographical area, as required by the Disaster Management Act (Act No. 57 of 2002). The National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998) requires that flood lines be determined for areas where high risk dams exist and where new town developments occur. However, very few flood hazard maps exist in South Africa for rural areas. The data required for flood modelling analysis is very limited, particularly in rural areas. This study investigated whether flood hazard maps can be created using the existing data sources. A literature review of flood modelling methodologies, data requirements and flood hazard mapping was carried out and an assessment of all available flood-related data sources in South Africa was made. The most appropriate data sources were identified and used to assess an evaluation site. Through combining GIS and hydraulic modelling, results were obtained that indicate the likely extent, frequency and depth of predicted flood events. The results indicate that hydraulic modelling can be performed using the existing data sources but that not enough data is available for calibrating and validating the model. The limitations of the available data are discussed and recommendations for the collection of better data are provided.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vloede is van die vernaamste natuurlike gevare wat in Suid-Afrika voorkom. 'n Ramprisiko-analise is die eerste stap in die proses van suksesvolle ramprisiko-beplanning deur middel van die identifisering en analise van alle gevare wat voorkom in 'n geografiese gebied, soos vereis deur die Rampbestuurwet (Wet 57 van 2002). Die Nasionale Waterwet (Wet 36 van 1998) bepaal dat vloedlyne slegs vir gebiede waar hoë-risiko damme voorkom en vir nuwe uitbreidingsplanne in dorpe vasgestel moet word. Egter is die data wat vir vloedmodelleringsanalises benodig word baie skaars in Suid-Afrikaanse landelike gebiede. Hierdie studie het ondersoek of vloedgevaar-kartering met die beskikbare data moontlik is. 'n Literatuurstudie oor vloedmodelleringsmetodologieë, data-vereistes en vloedgevaarkartering is voltooi en alle beskikbare vloed-verwante data in Suid-Afrika is geëvalueer. Geskikte data-bronne is gekies en gebruik om 'n toetsgebied te assesseer. Deur GIS en hidrouliese modellering te kombineer, is die omvang, waarskynlikheid en diepte van die voorspelde vloedgebeurtenisse gemodelleer. Die studie het bevind dat, alhoewel vloedgevaarkartering met die beskikbare data moontlik is, daar nie genoeg data beskikbaar is om die model te kalibreer en te valideer nie. Tekortkominge van die bestaande data word bespreek en aanbevelings oor die verbetering van die bestaande data vir toepassings in vloedgevaarkartering word gemaak.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ntsham, Xolile. "Information flows in the social development grant process: a user experience perspective." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1390.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Information Technology in the Faculty of Informatics and design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014
This study focuses on information flows in the social grant process from a user experience perspective. The study was conducted with the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA), which is responsible for the administration and distribution of social grants to underprivileged citizens. Social grants help poor citizens to attain equitable income on a monthly basis. Grants play an increasingly important role in reducing poverty and inequality in South Africa, but are also subject to challenges like dependency, mismanagement and corruption. Information flow within SASSA is essential for the coordination of the grant process. The success of administering any social grant process depends largely on efficient communication practices and stable information technology. Communication among grant users requires the transfer of relevant information from its point of inception to the next point(s) of use. Government departments are transposing their paper-based systems into digital systems, which pose new implications for grant administration, however. Accordingly, the use of electronic services in government should mean faster information flow and, thus, more effective service delivery. The literature reveals, however, that non-technical aspects like user experience (UX) are essential in designing meaningful e-government systems. With a focus on user experience, this study uncovers the problems that SASSA and grant users face in the grant process and works toward possible solutions to resolve these problems. This research lays an important foundation in terms of gaining a better understanding of information flows, e-government, and user experiences in the grant process. This research is exploratory in nature and adopts a qualitative interpretivist approach. To gain a deeper understanding of the perspectives and experiences of grant users, the researcher employed the „Institutionalise User Experience in Government‟ (IUXG) methodology. The study targeted individuals that had knowledge of the social grants. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the research participants. Furthermore, the researcher adopted a thematic analysis method to code and analyse data. The findings of this study revealed the centrality of user experience in the grant process, notably in terms of the many challenges associated with information flow. The findings also revealed that factors such as social grant awareness, availability and use of information technology, digital divide, and grant accessibility bring enormous impact on grant processes and service delivery. The study contributes a landscape model for depicting the information flows in processing grants, and develops a broader understanding of how technology can help users to better disburse, access, and utilise grants. The study also informs e- government practitioners about the design and implementation of user-centred design with emphasis on information flows. Key Words: Information flows, social grants, e-government, and user experience.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Dzangare, Gillian. "The impact of private capital flows on economic growth in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007134.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study an analysis of the long-term equilibrium relationship between economic growth measured as real GDP growth and private capital inflows is explored. The link between private capital inflows and economic growth is well-documented in the literature. However, a void in the literature relates to examining the cointegrating relationship between private capital inflows and economic growth particularly for South Africa. It is widely claimed that private capital inflows foster economic growth by closing the savings/investment gap. However, clarity on this point is necessary because of the seemingly unclear nature of the relationship in the literature. The exact form of this relationship as well as the nature of capital flows that could impact on real growth requires further investigation. Moreover, what exactly happens to this relationship in an economic crisis such as recently recorded in the global financial crisis is not clear. The analysis is undertaken by employing cointegration and vector error correction modeling approach using quarterly data for the period 1989q4-2009q4. This study employs the Johansen (1998) cointegration test. This technique distinguishes itself since it establishes the long run relationship between variables. Thereafter, residual diagnostic checks are performed on the variables. Our results show among others, that private capital inflows have impacted positively on the growth of the South African economy. The areas for further research that emerge from this study include the effect of some government policies on economic growth that should also receive more attention in the future since political instability slows down investment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Mishi, Syden. "The impact of capital flows on real exchange rates in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007089.

Full text

Abstract:

The neoclassical theory suggests that free flows of external capital should be equilibrating and thereby facilitating smoothening of an economy's consumption or production patterns. South Africa has a very low savings rate, making it highly dependent on capital inflows which create instability and volatility in global markets. A policy dilemma is undoubtedly evident: capital inflows help to cater for the domestic low savings and at the same time the inflows pose instability, a threat on competitiveness and volatility challenges to the same economy due to their impact on exchange rates. The question is: are all forms of capital flows equally destabilizing? Since studies based on South Africa considered only the relationship between aggregate capital flows and real exchange rate, modelling individual components of capital flows could enlighten policy formulation even further. The composition of the flows and their effects on the composition of aggregate demand determine the evolution of real exchange rate response to surges in capital flows. Through co-integration and vector error correction modelling techniques applied to South African data between 1990 and 2010, the study found out that foreign portfolio investment exerts the greatest appreciation effect on the South African real exchange rate, followed by other investment and finally foreign direct investment. Thus the impact of capital flows on real exchange rate in South Africa differs by type of capital. This presents varied policy implications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Abdool, Zeelha. "Evaluation of pelvic floor morphology in South African females." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63877.

Full text

Abstract:

Pelvic floor dysfunction in the form of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common gynaecological condition, especially in the elderly. Although the aetiology is poorly understood, several risk factors such as vaginal childbirth, chronically raised intra-abdominal pressure (such as asthma and chronic constipation), ageing, previous hysterectomy and connective tissue disorders are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of POP. Studies have shown that vaginal childbirth can result in both gross and micro-architectural distortion/alteration of the pelvic floor musculature and is thus considered to play a major role in the development of POP. Although ethnicity has been proposed as a risk factor, there are limited studies on this subject. Recently, transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) has been used to study the structural integrity and the dynamic interaction between the pelvic organs and pelvic floor musculature. Using a specified methodology we intended to determine and compare pelvic floor morphology, namely pelvic organ descent and levator hiatal distensibility in a multi-ethnic South African population (Asian, Caucasian and Black) in both asymptomatic nulliparous and symptomatic multiparous women. Secondly we also intended to study the association between prolapse symptoms and functional anatomy of the pelvic floor, and finally to determine the impact of vaginal childbirth on the pelvic floor morphology 3-6 month postpartum. For all the studies women were recruited from the local nursing school, general gynaecology and tertiary urogynaecology clinic. Pregnant women were recruited from the district antenatal clinic. This cohort included only Black pregnant women. After informed consent all ultrasound volumes were acquired at rest, maximal pelvic floor contraction and Valsalva maneuver. Volumes were deindentified and analysed 6-8 weeks later using GE Kretz 4D View (GE Kretztechnik Gmbh, Zipf, Austria). In the nulliparous cohort, we found that Black South African women had greater pelvic organ descent on ultrasound and clinically and greater distensibility compared to South Asian and Caucasian women. Multivariate modelling revealed that Black 2 ethnicity remained a significant factor for pelvic organ mobility on clinical examination, (P=0.024). In women with symptomatic POP, there was significant variation in clinical prolapse stage, levator distensibility and pelvic organ descent in this racially diverse population presenting with pelvic organ prolapse, with South Asians having a lower avulsion rate than the other two ethnic groups (P= 0.014). As regards the association between prolapse symptoms and functional anatomy of the pelvic floor we found a significant association between awareness, visualization and/or feeling of a vaginal lump and abnormal pelvic floor functional anatomy, that is, hiatal ballooning and levator avulsion (all P< 0.05). The fourth part of the study included eighty four women who returned at a mean of 4.8 months postpartum. We found significant alteration in pelvic organ support and levator hiatal distensibility after vaginal delivery i.e. a significant increase in mean values from ante to postpartum measurements, more so for the vaginal delivery group. 15% of Black primiparous women sustained levator trauma after their first vaginal delivery. In conclusion, to the author‘s knowledge this is the first study on pelvic floor morphology in South African women. Contrary to previous publications inferring that Black women rarely develop PFD, we have shown that this particular ethnic group had significantly different pelvic floor dynamics than Caucasian and South Asian women for both nulliparous and multiparous symptomatic women. Levator trauma occurs in 15% of Black women after vaginal childbirth.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
PhD
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Hogan, K. D. "Design flood peak determination in the rural catchments of the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8902.

Full text

Abstract:

Includes bibliographical references.
Rainfall is a natural occurring phenomenon, and is usually a welcome event, nourishing the earth and with it the fauna and flora. When the runoff is high, flooding occurs, leading to damage to the environment, property and even to loss of life. Flooding is becoming more common. The reasons for this are complex, and include social expansion, urbanization and may also result from global warming. These flooding events have significant implications to the engineering profession and the affected communities. The estimation of peak design floods is necessary for the planning and design of civil engineering projects. Over the past century standard methods for flood peak estimation have been developed for most countries, and are usually categorized in the literature as direct statistical analyses, regional statistical analyses, empirical methods and deterministic methods. Some of these methods are easy to apply, while others require an in-depth analysis of the catchment and other parameters. Each method has its limitations. In rural gauged catchments, design engineers in the workplace typically use statistical methods while in rural un-gauged catchments, they use empirical or deterministic methods, even although the reliability of these methods to estimate the design flood peak have never been verified in South Africa. The objective of this study was to identify the most reliable statistical, deterministic and empirical method(s) of flood peak determination in the rural catchments of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. In this investigation the recorded annual peak runoff from 18 river flow gauging stations in the Eastern Cape were statistically analysed using the statistical distributions commonly used in South Africa. These statistical analyses were used to establish a benchmark for evaluating the deterministic and empirical methods. The catchments of all the stations were then analysed using the deterministic and empirical methods. Finally, the empirical and deterministic methods were compared against the best-fit statistical method. This highlighted which empirical and deterministic method(s) under- and over-estimated peak floods when compared with the statistical analyses of recorded annual peak runoff. The finding from the statistical analyses was that the Log Pearson Type 3 (LP3) distribution performed the best, generally fitting the recorded data well. In the comparison of deterministic methods it was found that the Standard Design Flood (SDF) method was the most conservative deterministic method at the higher Recurrence Intervals (RIs) while the Rational Method-Alternative was the most conservative at the lower RIs. In the final comparison between the LP 3 distribution and the empirical and deterministic methods, it was found that in the higher RI range, the SDF estimated runoff values similar to that estimated by the LP3 distribution, while in the lower RI range, the Rational Method-Alternative variation proved to be the most consistent. The other deterministic methods generally under-estimated runoff values when compared to the LP3 distribution. Generally, the Regional Maximum Flood method appeared to have a RI about 1000 years, although it was as low as 1 :200 years in some of the smaller sized catchments. In rural catchments of all sizes in the Eastern Cape of SA, design engineers in the workplace should analyse a catchment using all of the statistical, deterministic and empirical methods available and then select the most conservative result.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Cowie, Meredith. "Environmental flows, health and importance of macrophytes in the estuaries of water management area 11." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7930.

Full text

Abstract:

Estuaries require sufficient quantity, quality and appropriate timing of freshwater inflow, referred to as environmental flow requirements, to ensure adequate health and functioning. In South Africa the environmental flow requirements of estuaries is determined using Resource Directed Measures (RDM). The present health and importance of an estuary must be considered when determining the ecological flow required to maintain an estuary in its desired state. An Estuarine Health Index that quantifies changes in abiotic and biotic components from natural conditions to present day is used. Health of biotic components is assessed according to changes in species richness, abundance and community composition. There has, however, been debate regarding the calculation of these attributes. In particular, for macrophytes, the inclusion of all habitat within the Estuarine Functional Zone (i.e. 5 m topographical contour) would affect the health and changes over time determined in past assessments. This is due to different areas being included as different areas would be included The aim of this study was to test the validity and suggest improvements to South Africa’s RDM macrophyte health score determination. The health of macrophytes were assessed at varying levels of intensity from desktop studies to thorough field studies. Rapid field studies provided a visual estimate of macrophyte health; while the intermediate and comprehensive assessments quantified change by mapping the distribution of macrophyte habitats from aerial photographs. These approaches were applied to the 64 estuaries within the Mvoti-Mzimkulu Water Management Area (WMA 11), situated in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) on the subtropical east coast. Historically, these estuaries have supported restricted macrophyte habitats. Consequently, estuaries that presently or historically supported range limited habitats such as mangroves and swamp forest are considered important. Submerged macrophytes are scarce in KZN estuaries due to siltation and low turbidity and thus estuaries supporting this macrophyte habitat are also important. Based on available literature important estuaries were highlighted and selected for field studies. Transects spanning from the estuary water channel to the boundary of the EFZ provided a generalised distribution of KZN vegetation along an elevation gradient. The transition from estuarine to terrestrial vegetation can be used to improve the current EFZ boundaries, as estuarine area has been found to occur outside of the 5 m contour in some estuaries. Results from the desktop assessment indicated that most of the estuaries are moderately modified. There was a 50 % similarity in the macrophyte health scores determined by the desktop assessment to the 2011 National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). Field studies mostly confirmed the desktop assessment aside from seven estuaries that had different scores. There has been a significant loss of macrophyte habitat with 100% loss of certain habitats from 9 of the 22 estuaries for which there were field assessments. Submerged macrophytes were not found at any of the estuaries that were assessed in the field. Black mangroves, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., were rediscovered at Ngane Estuary, however the few individuals could not be considered a ‘mappable’ community (i.e. <0.5 ha). Mtamvuna and Mkomazi estuaries both supported small stands of mangroves that, compared to data from 2006, appeared healthy. Macrophyte habitats and surrounding coastal forest matched the species composition described in the Vegetation Map of South Africa. The freshwater mangrove or Powder puff tree, Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Roxb, was not abundant in the estuaries. It was only found at four (Damba, Fafa, Little Amanzimtoti and Mvoti) of the estuaries that were assessed in the field. Important estuaries, from a botanical perspective, included some of the larger estuaries such as Mgeni, Durban Bay and Sipingo. Smaller, healthier estuaries that presently support mangrove and swamp forest habitat were also identified as important from a botanical perspective. Macrophyte habitats have mainly been lost due to non-flow related pressures. Sugarcane cultivation occurred within the floodplain of 25% of the estuaries. Nutrient enrichment was evident for 12.5% of the estuaries and reed encroachment was evident for 27% of estuaries for which there were field assessments. Development, aside from the N2 road bridges, was evident for 40% of the estuaries assessed in the field. Invasive plant species, including aquatic invasive plants, were present in all estuaries assessed in the field. The extent of invasive plant species was related to the degree of disturbance and surrounding land use pressures. The Mkomazi and Mvoti estuaries that were assessed at a comprehensive level, as they have earmarked for further water abstraction, had the poorest macrophyte health scores. The macrophyte health of these estuaries was much lower than previously determined by the NBA. The decline in health was attributed to the removal of macrophyte habitat for sugarcane cultivation and development as well as displacement by invasive plant species. The areas covered by the macrophyte habitats also differed from the NBA highlighting the importance of updated mapping and ground truthing. Largely differing macrophyte health scores were produced when attributes were calculated using different combinations of macrophyte habitats. Results indicate that only macrophyte habitats and no other floodplain vegetation should be included when calculating abundance. All macrophyte habitats, physical habitats and floodplain should be incorporated when calculating community composition. The minimum of these attributes is used as the overall macrophyte health score as a precautionary approach is followed. Scoring of health is subjective and the only benchmark for determining the most appropriate method is comparion with previous RDM studies. This study illustrates the need for a standardised RDM scoring method that is presented in a manner that ensures the same results irregardless of the speciliast conducting the study. The updated estuary health and importance scores for WMA 11 are necessary to inform management, particularly as few of the estuaries receive formal protection. In conclusion, this study contributed to the limited knowledge of the estuaries of WMA 11 and assisted in determining appropriate methods for assessing the health and importance of estuary macrophytes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Hans, Damian Trevor. "Assessing the effect of the Kars Wetland on flow attenuation in the Cape Agulhas, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7015.

Full text

Abstract:

>Magister Scientiae - MSc
The Kars has a well-defined channel along the 62 km stretch from its sources in the Bredasdorp Mountains. After entering the Agulhas plain which has a very low gradient, this river changes into a triangular shaped wetland. This wetland is 7 km in length with no defined channel running through it. The wetland then discharges into another 7 km long channel that joins the Heuningnes River with its mouth at the Indian Ocean. The presence of the wetland causes frequent flooding which affects cultivated lands and a major highway linking towns on the coastal Cape Agulhas area with the rest of the country. Before this study, there was no monitoring of flows along the Kars River including water levels within the wetland. Consequently, the conditions leading to flooding of the wetlands were unknown. This study is aimed at understanding how the combination of local rainfall, Kars River inflow into the wetland, soil characteristics, and the morphology of the wetland influence flooding/inundation. The study monitored river inflows into and outflows from the wetland. A soil survey was conducted within the wetland using the augering method and an infiltrometer to determine soil type and infiltration rates. This was done to assess the hydrological characteristics of the wetland. Using the collected climate data and river flow data, a conceptual model was developed for predicting downstream outflows and possible flood events on a daily timescale. The results indicated that the Kars wetland comprises soil with high silt and clay content, and low infiltration capacity. The wetland causes flood attenuation and diffuse surface flows. Low infiltration rates result in ponding of local rainfall which can contribute to flooding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Mthembu, Nokwazi Nombulelo Adora, and M. Z. Shamase. "Bilateral trade flows between South Africa and the BRICS member states, 2011 – 2015." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1802.

Full text

Abstract:

A dissertation submitted to the Department of History in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty Arts at the University of Zululand, 2018.
Bilateral trade flows among the BRICS member states thus far have contributed mutually between the progressions of each country and continue to. Nevertheless, South Africa‘s economy does not allow it to continue lagging behind its alliance partners. South Africa needed to be robust when it comes to the trade agreements with the group, since South Africa‘s economy has been scrabbling in growth in the past few years. With South Africa‘s economy still experiencing pressure from the global economic slowdown and domestic structural bottlenecks including labour unrest, unemployment remains high especially among young Africans and income inequality has increased. Economic growth has been volatile as the country has had to cope with the consequences of global crises. With all of these challenges the country is facing, one can only ask about where the aid of the BRIC countries is. Conversely, South Africa‘s role as the member of BRICS still remains cognisance. The bilateral flows of BRICS countries still remain largely influenced by the gains of China, however with time, the export and import performance continue increasing the volume of trade of each BRICS country, which also alone increases each country‘s economic activities like the FDI and the in-flow and out-flows of imports and exports industry.1 The BRICS countries today present an opportunity as new growth poles in a multi-polar world. As demonstrated during the global crisis when they played a pivotal role by recovering fast from the crisis; more than just that, the BRICS countries as a unit carry the capacity of changing the world on account of both the threats and the opportunities they present economically, socially and politically.2 Analysts and international agencies suggest and advice that investors should pay careful attention to the opportunities offered by BRICS member states and the impact and influence they carry globally.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Mpokotho, Constance Sebolelo. "Media rhetoric in South Africa: a case study of the floor crossing debate." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17447.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper makes a critical analysis of media rhetoric in South Africa. It does so by looking at the Floor Crossing Legislation debate. It makes analysis of material, and texts that were reported by different media institutions to create a particular perception by repeatedly stating the same view through different forms of communication during the floor crossing debate. It also looks at the active part that the media plays in policy formulation particularly its influence on any bill that draws significant attention. Rhetorically, the paper will look at whether the methods or arguments employed by the media were successful in manipulating public perception and presenting a particular view.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Ndzululeka, Khanya. "The relationship between derivatives, portfolio flows and economic growth: Evidence from South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32949.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examines the interactions between derivatives trading, portfolio flows and economic growth in South Africa over the period 2000: Q1 to 2018: Q4. As derivatives are widely accepted as effective risk management solutions in developed nations, and can facilitate capital flows to emerging markets, there is a need to investigate the empirical relationships between derivatives, portfolio inflows and economic growth. A vector error correction model was used in addition to conducting Granger causality, impulse response functions and variance decomposition tests to analyse the relationship between the factors of interest. The efficiency of the model was established using standard diagnostics, which confirmed the overall significance of the model. The VECM results find a positive short- and long-run relationship between portfolio flows, derivatives trading and economic growth in South Africa. The Granger causality tests, impulse response analysis and variance decompositions find a short-run relationship only between portfolio flows and derivatives trading. The implications are thus that derivatives trading can lead to an increase in portfolio flows.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Omeokachie, Ifeanyi Vincent. "The Security implications of the refugee situation in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41367.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to analyse the security implications of refugee flows to South Africa. The country is reputed to host the largest number of refugees and asylum seekers in the world and is also the foremost refugee destination of choice on the African continent. It therefore becomes pertinent that a consideration of the security implications is necessary in this age of global migration. The dissertation is based on three main assumptions to be investigated and tested, namely: > The main causes of refugee flows to South Africa reside in a number of push-factors in the sending countries, but also in a number of pull-factors in South Africa. > The security implications of refugee flows to South Africa are exacerbated by a number of political, socio-economic and administrative issues in South Africa. > Although concern over some of the security issues relating to refugee flows to South Africa have been officially expressed, policy responses have been ambiguous. The study is undertaken against the background of the concept of national security, specifically in developing countries. It is within these parameters that the security implications of refugees in South Arica are analysed, especially from the perspective of political, economic, social and environmental dimensions. The study mainly focuses on the period 1994 to 2010, as it is within this period that major developments regarding refugee issues in South Africa occurred.
Dissertation (MSecurity Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Political Sciences
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Surtees, Grant Bradley. "The evolution of the Brosterlea Volcanic Complex, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005556.

Full text

Abstract:

Detailed field mapping (Map, Appendix B) has been conducted in and around the boundaries of a 14x18km, volcanic complex 35km northeast of Molteno in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The structure is interpreted as a subsidence structure, and is filled with two volcaniclastic breccias, numerous lava flows, a number of sedimentary facies, and lies on a base of Clarens Formation overlying Elliot Formation rocks. This is an important study because 'widespread, voluminous fields of basaltic breccias are very rare (see Hanson and Elliot, 1996) and this is the first time that this type of volcanic complex and its deposits have been described. Detailed analyses of the two volcaniclastic breccias revealed changes in colour, clast types, clast sizes, and degree of alteration over relatively short distances both vertically and laterally within a single breccia unit. The variation in clast sizes implies a lack of sorting of the breccias. The lower of the two volcaniclastic breccias fills the subsidence structure, and outcrops between the Stormberg sedimentary sequence and the overlying Drakensberg basalts and was produced from phreatomagmatic eruptions signalling the start of the break-up of Gondwanaland in the mid-Jurassic. The upper volcaniclastic breccia is interbedded with the flood basalts and is separated from the lower breccia by up to 100m of lava flows in places, it is finer-grained than the lower volcaniclastic breccia, and it extends over 10km south, and over 100km north from the volcanic complex. The upper breccia is inferred to have been transported from outside the study area, from a source presumably similar to the subsidence structure in the volcanic complex. The pyroclastic material forming the upper breccia was transported to the subsidence structure as a laharic debris flow, based on its poorly sorted, unwelded and matrix-supported appearance. However, both breccias are unlikely to have been derived from epiclastic reworking of lava flows as they contain glass shards which are atypical of those derived from the autoclastic component of lava flows. The breccias are therefore not "secondary" lahars. There is also no evidence of any palaeotopographic highs from which the breccias could have been derived as gravity-driven flows. Based on the occurrence of three, 1m thick lacustrine deposits, localised peperite, fluvial reworking of sandstone and breccia in an outcrop to the south of the subsidence structure, and channel-lags encountered only in the upper units of the Clarens Formation and only within the subsidence structure, the palaeoenvironment inferred for the subsidence structure is one of wet sediment, possibly a shallow lake, in a topographic depression fed by small streams. Magmatic intrusions below the subsidence structure heated the water-laden, partly consolidated Clarens Formation sandstones, causing the circulation of pore fluid which resulted in the precipitation of minerals forming pisoliths in the sandstones. Intruding magma mixed, nonexplosively, with the wet, unconsolidated sediments near the base of the Clarens Formation (at approximately 100m below the surface), forming fluidal peperite by a process of sediment fluidisation where magma replaces wet sediment and cools slowly enough to prevent the magma fracturing brittly. Formation of fluidal peperite may have been a precursor to the development of FCIs (Fuel Coolant Interactions) (Busby-Spera and White, 1987). The breccias may represent the products of FCIs and may be the erupted equivalents of the peperites, suggesting a possible genetic link between the two. The peperites may have given way to FCI eruptions due to a number of factors including the drying out of the sediments and/or an increase in the volume of intruded magma below the subsidence structure which may have resulted in a more explosive interaction between sediment and magma. Phreatic activity fragmented and erupted the Clarens Formation sandstone, and stream flows reworked the angular sandstone fragments, pisoliths and sand grains into channelised deposits. With an increase in magmatic activity below the subsidence structure, phreatic activity became phreatomagmatic. The wet, partly consolidated Clarens Formation, and underlying, fully consolidated Elliot Formation sediments were erupted and fragmented. Clasts and individual grains of these sediments were redeposited with juvenile and non-juvenile basaltic material probably by a combination of back fall, where clasts erupted into the air fell directly back into the structure, and backflow where material was erupted out of the structure, but immediately flowed back in as lahars. This material formed the lower volcaniclastic breccia. A fault plane is identified along the southwestern margin of the subsidence structure, and is believed to continue up the western margin to the northwestern corner. A large dolerite body has intruded along the inferred fault plane on the western margin of the structure, and may be related to the formation of the lower volcaniclastic breccia, either directly through fluidisation of wet sediment during its intrusion, or as a dyke extending upwards from a network of sill-like intrusions below the subsidence structure. Geochemical analysis of the Drakensberg basalt lava flows by Mitchell (1980) and Masokwane (1997) revealed four distinct basalt types; the Moshesh's Ford, the Tafelkop, the Roodehoek, and the Vaalkop basalts. Basalt clasts sampled from the lower volcaniclastic breccia were shown to belong to the Moshesh's Ford basalt type which does not outcrop in situ within the subsidence structure. This implies that the Moshesh's Ford basalts were emplaced prior to the formation of the lower volcaniclastic breccia, and may have acted as a "cap-rock" over the system, allowing pressure from the vaporised fluids, heated by intruding basalt, to build up. The Moshesh's Ford basalt type was erupted prior to the resultant phreatomagmatic events forming the lower volcaniclastic breccia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Jacobs, Tennielle Lindsay. "A meteorological analysis of extreme flood events in the southern parts of the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50525.

Full text

Abstract:

Extreme flood events have been found to occur in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The southern and south-eastern coastal regions are particularly susceptible to floods with daily rainfall records of up to 490 mm having been recorded here. In order to gain a better understanding of these floods, historical floods in the southern parts of the Eastern Cape have been analysed in this study. This study aimed to investigate the most extreme flood events in the history of the area and to analyse the surface observational data during the heavy rainfall events found, to contribute to the understanding of these heavy rainfall events. Seven case studies were investigated using NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 data and surface observational data, to analysis the synoptic circulation and surface data tendencies during heavy rainfall events. All of the case studies that had synoptic data available showed to have a COL system present with the upper air low lying westward of the flood area. The surface synoptic situation presented an intense high pressure system lying south west or south of the country in the Atlantic Ocean between 35-45°S. Another key factor was a surface trough over the interior of the country, due to the COL, extending southwards to protrude off of the south or south eastern coastline east of the flood areas. The combination of these three systems colloquially referred to as a “Black South-Easter”, produced dangerous rainfall intensities when the winds were perpendicular to the coast. The results of the surface observations revealed temperatures increasing at night (against diurnal cycles) with increasing relative humidity preceding the heavy rainfall events. The pressure showed both increasing and decreasing trends during heavy rainfall events however in five of six cases a tight pressure gradient was present producing an influx of moist air into the flood area. Onshore winds were found to be of high importance in heavy rainfall events to bring moist air into the area. Wind speeds greater than 5m/s occurred during times of high rainfall intensities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Mehl, Daniel James Gustav. "Assessing the influence of floodplain wetlands on wet and dry season river flows along the Nuwejaars River, Western Cape, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7031.

Full text

Abstract:

>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Improved knowledge is required on the quantity and source of water resources, particularly evident during periods of drought currently being faced in South Africa. There is inadequate knowledge with regards to the flood attenuating properties of wetlands, particularly evident in the ungauged catchments of Southern Africa. This study aims to improve the knowledge on the contribution of flow from tributaries with headwaters in mountainous regions to low lying areas and the effects of wetlands on river flow patterns. Several river flow monitoring sites were established along the major upper tributaries of the Nuwejaars River at which daily water levels were recorded and bi-weekly discharge measurements were conducted. Weather data was collected using four automatic weather stations and three automatic rain gauges’ setup throughout the catchment. Rainfall data coupled with rating curves and daily discharges were used to assess the flow responses of these tributaries to rainfall events. Additionally, stable isotope analysis and basic water quality analysis was used to determine the major sources of flow within the major tributaries. The rainfall and river flow data collected, coupled with the characterization of the wetland was used to determine the flood attenuation capabilities of the wetland. Lastly, a conceptual model based on a basic water balance was developed to further explain the role of the wetland and its effects on river flows. The results showed a 27-hour lag time in peak flows from the upper tributaries at the inflows of the wetland to the outflow. Two of the upper tributaries had flow throughout the year and were fed by springs in the upper mountainous regions of the catchment and all tributaries were largely reliant on rainfall for peak flows. The temporary storage of flows within the wetland occurred as a result of the Nuwejaars River bursting its banks, filling of pools, or ponds and the Voëlvlei Lake. It was concluded that the wetland increased the travel time and decreased the magnitude of flows of the Nuwejaars River. However, due to the fact that wetlands are interlinked on a catchment scale and have a collective effect on flood attenuation this study may be improved by looking at the wetlands within the catchment holistically.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Hotchkiss, Timothy Stephen. "Evaluation of the use of flood attenuation controls for the management of urban stormwater impacts in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96774.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the context of rapidly expanding cities, it is imperative that urban planning in South Africa has sufficient guidance regarding stormwater and river corridor management, in order to provide solutions that address issues of flood risk and the environmental health of river systems. Attenuation of stormwater runoff, the focus of this study, is one of the most important structural mechanisms used for the mitigation of many of the negative impacts caused by uncontrolled urban runoff. Typically, it involves the use of attenuation ponds or wetlands, which temporarily store runoff during a storm and release flow downstream at a reduced rate so as to mimic natural flow patterns. The focus of urban stormwater management and flood control has historically been on the protection of human life and property. However, in recent decades, through growing environmental awareness and the advancement of the concept of sustainable development, urban stormwater management has become a growing field of research worldwide, with a broader focus which considers not only flood control, but also water quality, aquatic biodiversity and the amenity value of urban drainage systems. Flood attenuation controls are becoming more widely used within South African urban areas, primarily due to policies or legislation brought into effect by local authorities. However, there is often little understanding regarding the positive and perhaps negative effects that these attenuation controls are having on receiving watercourses downstream. Three case studies were assessed by means of stormwater modelling simulations to evaluate various flood attenuation practices which are currently in use in South Africa. Two of the study areas, the Mosselbank River Catchment and the Bayside Canal Catchment, were selected in areas of Cape Town where future development has been proposed by spatial planners. The third study area, the Upper Kuils River Catchment, was evaluated in terms of the performance of existing attenuation facilities in an area which is already almost completely developed. The study found that attenuation facilities constructed with a single culvert-type outlet structure, designed to reduce flows during large storm events, do not mitigate the impact of post-development runoff occurring during lower recurrence interval storm events. Attenuation facilities with multi-stage outlet structures were found to be much more effective at mimicking pre-development flow during a range of storm events. It was also found that because attenuation does not reduce post-development runoff volumes to pre-development levels, but merely reduces peak flow rates, the cumulative runoff from multiple attenuation controls across a large (>30 km2) urban catchment resulted in higher runoff peaks in downstream watercourses. The study concluded that more widespread use of stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) controls allows a greater portion of runoff to infiltrate, resulting in less runoff volume and therefore reduced peak flows downstream, especially during low recurrence interval storm events. In addition, the study recommended the use of detailed catchment-wide stormwater modelling to understand specific catchment dynamics holistically, thus increasing the potential for designing effective attenuation controls in urban stormwater systems.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die konteks van die vinnige tempo van stedelike uitbreiding, is dit noodsaaklik dat stedelike beplanning in Suid-Afrika plaasvind met in aggenome van voldoende riglyne vir die bestuur van stormwater en rivierkorridors, ten einde oplossings te vind vir die kwessies van vloedrisiko en die omgewingsgesondheid van rivierstelsels. Vloedvertraging, wat die fokus van hierdie studie is, is een van die belangrikste strukturele meganismes wat gebruik word vir die verligting van talle negatiewe impakte wat veroorsaak word deur onbeheerde stormwaterafloop in stedelike gebiede. Tipies behels dit die gebruik van vloedvertragingsdamme of vleilande, wat afloop vertraag tydens 'n storm en dus vloei stroom-af teen 'n verlaagde tempo uitlaat met die doel om natuurlike vloeipatrone na te boots. Die fokus van stedelike stormwaterbestuur en vloedbeheer was in die verlede hoofsaaklik op die beskerming van lewe en eiendom gefokus, maar het egter die afgelope dekades verskuif na water gehalte, die biodiversiteit van waterekosisteme en die geriefswaarde van stedelike dreineringstelsels. Hierdie verskuiwing van fokus is weens die groeiende omgewingsbewustheid en die bevordering van die konsep van volhoubare ontwikkeling wat wêreldwyd 'n groter navorsingsgebied geraak het. Vloedvertraging beheermeganismes word al hoe meer algemeen gebruik in Suid-Afrikaanse stedelike gebiede, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die beleide of wetgewing wat deur plaaslike owerhede in werking gestel is. Daar is egter dikwels min begrip vir die positiewe en moontlike negatiewe gevolge wat hierdie vertragingsmeganismes op stroom-af sisteme het. Drie gevallestudies is geëvalueer deur middel van numeriese modelstudies wat verskeie benaderings van vloed beheer, wat tans in Suid-Afrika gebruik is, in ag neem. Twee van die studie areas, naamlik die Mosselbank en die Bayside-kanaal opvanggebiede in die Kaapse metropool, is gekies in areas waar toekomstige ontwikkeling in die vooruitsig gestel is deur stadsbeplanners. Die derde studie area, die opvangsgebied van die bolope van die Kuilsrivier, is in terme van die prestasie van bestaande stormwater infrastruktuur in 'n gebied wat reeds byna heeltemal ontwikkel is, geëvalueer. Die studie het bevind dat vloedvertragingsfasiliteite met 'n enkele duiker uitlaatstruktuur, wat ontwerp is met die doel om die vloeispitse tydens groot storms te demp, nie die impak van die na-ontwikkeling afloop, wat gedurende storms met laer herhalingsinterval voorkom, verminder nie. In terme van vloedvertragingsfasiliteite met 'n veelvuldige uitlaatstruktuur, is dit bevind dat voorontwikkelingsafloop tydens 'n reeks van groot en kleiner storms veel meer effektief nageboots word. Daar is egter ook bevind dat die demping van die vloedspitse nie die naontwikkeling afloopvolumes verminder tot voorontwikkelingsvlakke nie, maar slegs tot die vermindering van maksimum snelhede lei. Die gevolg is dat die totale afloop van ‘n kombinasie van ‘n aantal vertragingsdamme oor 'n groot (> 30 km2) stedelike opvanggebied ‘n hoër spitsvloei in die stroom-af riviere tot gevolg het. Die studie het bevind dat die wydverspreide gebruik van bestebestuurspraktyke (BMPs) en volhoubare stedelike dreineringstelsels (SuDS) tot die infiltrasie van ‘n groter gedeelte van die afloop lei, wat laer afloopvolume en dus verminderde spitsvloei stroomaf tot gevolg het, veral gedurende storms met ‘n lae herhalingsinterval. Daarbenewens word die aanwending van gedetailleerde modellering van stormwatersisteme binne die groter opvangsgebied aanbeveel ten einde ‘n meer holistiese begrip van spesifieke aspekte van die opvangegebied dinamika, om sodoende die potensiaal vir die ontwerp van effektiewe vloedvertragingskontroles in stedelike stormwaterstelsels te verbeter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Karimatsenga, Sharon. "The role of private capital flows and financial deepening in the economic growth of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28392.

Full text

Abstract:

This research examines the role of Private Capital Flows (PCF) and Financial Deepening in the economic growth of South Africa. Using secondary data obtained from the South African Reserve Bank and the World Bank online databases for the period 1990 to 2015, we examine the relationship between these three variables using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure. The causal relationship between the variables is further investigated using the Granger Causality test. Where previous studies mainly focus on investigating the relationship between capital flows and economic growth; and that of financial deepening and economic growth in South Africa independently; this study looks at the interrelationship between these three variables. Contrary to our expectations, the findings from the research suggest that there is no significant long run relationship between these variables in South Africa; however we found significant unidirectional short run causal relationships between the variables. The study established that in the short run, economic growth granger causes private capital flows; financial deepening granger causes private capital flows and that economic growth granger causes financial deepening. These findings imply that putting in place policies that encourage economic growth will lead to improvements in both PCF and financial deepening in the short run. In turn, improvements in financial deepening will also foster improvements in PCF in the short run. The results, policy implications, and future research are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Eltringham, Steven. "The Role of Earnings, Cash Flows and Accruals in Predicting Future Cash Flows: A Sectoral Experience in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32353.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examined the relative information content of earnings and cash flow from operations data in predicting future (one-year-ahead) cash flow from operations across prevalent economic sectors in South Africa. Firstly, the ability of aggregate earnings is compared to that of cash flows from operations in predicting future cash flow from operations, and secondly, the study examines if there is any incremental benefit to disaggregating aggregate earnings information into cash flow from operations and accrual components in predicting future cash flows from operations. The study utilises a sample of 925 South African firms listed on the JSE over the period of 1994 to 2018 (25 years). The methodology made use of panel data regression techniques and instrumental variable regression techniques to estimate the relevant regression models. Moreover, to evaluate the robustness of the prediction performance of the regression models, both in-sample estimation tests over 1994-2015 and out-ofsample estimation tests over 2016-2018 were undertaken. The findings reveal that cash flow from operations is a superior predictor of future cash flows from operations as compared to aggregate earnings with respect to the full sample and the following economic sectors: (1) basic materials; (2) industrials; (3) consumer cyclicals; (4) consumer non-cyclicals; and (5) other. However, there is no evidence of either aggregate earnings or cash flow from operations being superior to one another in predicting future (one-year-ahead) cash flows from operations as it relates to either the financials or technology sector. The results further show that there is clear evidence of the explanatory gains with respect to disaggregated earnings data in predicting future cash flows from operations insofar as it relates to the full sample and the following economic sectors: (1) basic materials; (2) industrials; (3) consumer cyclicals; (4) consumer non-cyclicals; (5) technology; and (6) other. However, there is no such evidence of these same explanatory gains insofar as it relates to the financial sector. It follows that earnings disaggregated into cash flow from operations and accrual components is the best prediction model of future cash flow from operations for all sectors, excluding the consumer cyclicals sector, the financial sector as well as the full sample. Cash flow from operations and earnings disaggregated into cash flow from operations and accrual components are considered to be the best prediction models for the full sample and the consumer cyclicals sector with no apparent superiority of one over the other, whereas for the financial sector, the evidence is inconclusive as to the best model/s to utilise in predicting future cash flow from operations. In summary, this study highlights the explanatory variables that have a statistically significant effect on future cash flow from operations as well as the difference in persistence of the explanatory variables across economic sectors, thereby providing further insight into the unique cash flow generating process of each prevalent economic sector in South Africa. Therefore, users of cash flow information must consider the heterogeneity that exists amongst firms, industries and ultimately economic sectors when undertaking a study of this nature as such a consideration will enhance the identification of information content that is relevant to generating superior predictions of future cash flow from operations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Swart, Jacques. "Leveraging shop floor management to create an organization of self managed people at SA canopy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013753.

Full text

Abstract:

All world class manufacturing organizations have shop floor management in place. Shop floor management principles and tools are utilised to plan and to react in out of control conditions. Shop floor management is also utilised to involve people in decision making and to encourage continuous improvement. Various shop floor management principles exist and are applied differently depending on the nature of the business, however all these principles are present in all the companies researched. SA Canopy currently applies very little or no shop floor management principles. To be able to achieve its objectives and mission set by the new shareholders, shop floor excellence must be achieved. The objective of the study was to establish shop floor management principles utilised by the automotive industry as well as best in class organizations. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature study was performed on shop floor management. A questionnaire and audit schedule was designed based on guidelines in the literature study in order to establish what shop floor management principles are being utilised in the industry. The researcher used random sampling methods in distributing the questionnaire. An internal audit of the companies was conducted to support the responses in from the questionnaires. The opinions of the various respondents were compared with the guidelines provided in the literature survey in order to indentify shop floor management principles which would be suitable for SA Canopy. The following main recommendations were made: In order for SA canopy to achieve its objectives the company needs to develop a mission statement for everyone to work towards; SA Canopy needs to become more customer and supplier orientated. This will improve the overall performance of the business in respect of cost, quality and output; It is important that SA Canopy promotes teamwork so as to create a culture of continuous improvement; Problem solving skills need to be developed in the organization; Roles of Supervision need to be clearly defined and development programmes need to be put in place for supervision; A management process similar to the “Plan, Do, Check, Action “needs to be put in place to ensure effective actioning and monitoring of improvements and performance of stakeholders.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Mashonganyika, Oswald. "The relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism : a study of the shop floor workers in a motor manufacturing plant." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007518.

Full text

Abstract:

This research hypothesises a statistical positive significant correlation between job satisfaction and absenteeism among the shop floor workers of a motor manufacturing plant in the impoverished province of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. According to the literature review, two schools of thought exist that argue on the nature of the relationship. One believes that absence from work is in some way a natural consequence of job dissatisfaction, i.e. arguing for a job satisfaction-absenteeism relationship. The second one argues for a no relationship, arguing that absence is a result of habitual behaviour and or behaviours influenced by socioeconomic factors such as poverty that affect the employees' ability and pressure to attend work. A sample of 150 workers was randomly selected from the 2500 shop floor workers. The Job Descriptive Index (lDI) questionnaires were used to measure the satisfaction index of the workers. The absence statistics for the sample workers were gathered from the organisation's Human Resources department and statistical tests for correlation and regression were conducted on the two variables - lDI and absence data. Contrary to the expectations of the study, the results showed that overall job satisfaction and absenteeism were not correlated. It concluded that the job dissatisfaction theory of absenteeism is empirically unsupportable and alternative conceptualisations of absence contributors and potentially fruitful research strategies are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Dollar, E. S. J. "The determination of geomorphologically effective flows for selected eastern sea-Board Rivers in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005499.

Full text

Abstract:

In South Africa the need to protect and manage the national water resource has led to the development of the Reserve as a basic right under the National Water Act (1998). The Ecological Reserve relates to the quality and quantity of water necessary to protect the sustainable functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The geomorphological contribution to setting the Reserve has focussed on three groups of information requirements: the spatial and temporal availability of habitat, the maintenance of substratum characteristics, and the maintenance of channel form. This thesis focusses on the second and third information requirements. The thesis has attempted to achieve this by adding value to the theoretical and applied understanding of the magnitude and frequency of channel forming discharge for selected southern African rivers. Many of the eastern sea-board rivers are strongly influenced by bed rock in the channel perimeter, and by a highly variable hydrological regime. This has resulted in characteristic channel forms, with an active channel incised into a larger macro-channel being a common feature of eastern seaboard rivers. Within the active channel inset channel benches commonly occur. This alluvial architecture is used to provide clues as to the types of flows necessary to meet the Reserve. Three river basins are considered : the Mkomazi, Mhlathuze and Olifants. The Mkomazi is a relatively un-impacted perennial eastern-sea board river and forms the research component of the study. The Mhlathuze and Olifants rivers are highly regulated systems and form the application component of the study. Utilising synthesised daily hydrological data, bed material data, cross-sectional surveys, hydraulic data and relevant bed material transport equations, channel form was related to dominant discharge and effective discharge in an attempt to identify the magnitude and frequency offlows that can be considered to be ' effective'. Results from the Mkomazi River indicate that no single effective discharge exists, but rather that there is a range of effective discharges in the 5-0.1% range on the 1-day daily flow duration curves that are responsible for the bulk (>80%) of the bed material transport. Only large floods (termed 'reset'discharges) with average return periods of around 20 years generate sufficient stream power and shear stress to mobilise the entire bed. The macro-channel is thus maintained by the large ' reset' flood events, and the active channel is maintained both by the range of effective discharges and the ' reset 'discharges. These are the geomorphologically 'effective' flows. Results from the Mhlathuze River have indicated that the Goedertrouw Dam has had a considerable impact on the downstream channel morphology and bed material transport capacity and consequently the effective and dominant discharges. It has been suggested that the Mhlathuze River is now adjusting its channel geometry in sympathy with the regulated flow environment. Under present-day conditions it has been demonstrated that the total bed material load has been reduced by up to three times, but there has also been a clear change in the way in which the load has been distributed around the duration curve. Under present-day conditions, over 90% of the total bed material load is transported by the top 5% of the flows, whereas under virgin flow conditions 90% of the total bed material load was transported by the top 20% of the flows. For the Olifants River there appears to be no relationship between the estimated bankfull discharge and any hydrological statistic. The effective discharge flow class is in the 5-0.01% range on the 1-day daily flow duration curve. It has also been pointed out that even the highest flows simulated for the Olifants River do not generate sufficient energy to mobilise the entire bed. It is useful to consider the Olifants River as being adapted to a highly variable flow regime. It is erroneous to think of one ' effective' discharge, but rather a range of effective discharges are of significance. It has been argued that strong bed rock control and a highly variable flow regime in many southern African rivers accounts for the channel architecture, and that there is a need to develop an ' indigenous knowledge' in the management of southern African fluvial systems

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Alami, Ilias. "Post-crisis capital account policies in emerging capitalisms : a comparison between Brazil and South Africa." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/postcrisis-capital-account-policies-in-emerging-capitalisms-a-comparison-between-brazil-and-south-africa(4b52f9c0-e8f7-4d16-8ce9-349a101548ef).html.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis provides a historical materialist policy analysis of the diversity of capital-account policies (CAPs) deployed in Brazil and South Africa over the period 2008-2014. Facing relatively similar patterns of cross-border money-capital movements and comparable financial challenges, these two emerging capitalist countries implemented radically different CAPs: while Brazil deployed a remarkable array of measures (capital controls on inflows, foreign exchange interventions, regulations of derivatives contracts, etc.), the policy response in South Africa was much more orthodox, and mainly characterised by the further liberalisation of outflows. The historical materialist policy analysis combines a variety of theoretical literatures (including historical materialism, financial and economic geography, and post-Keynesian economics) and research methods (qualitative research interviews, policy document analysis, and macroeconomic analysis). It examines the drivers of the CAP policy-making process in Brazil and South Africa in the light of (1) the social constitution and the class character of the capitalist state and money-capital, conceived of as particular 'moments' in the totality of capitalist social relations from which they are constituted; (2) the historical-geographical specificity of the Brazilian and South African capitalist development trajectory, (3) the unfolding of the broader social struggles of the working class, and (4) with specific reference to the highly uneven geographies of the contemporary global financial system. I claim that in both countries, post-crisis CAPs were not part of a political attempt at restructuring the state and altering class relations. By contrast, CAPs were instrumental in reproducing particular modes of managing class relations and accumulation in a changing international context, though in a precarious and temporary manner. Post-crisis CAPs involved the creation, enhancement, and adaptation of financial and monetary regulatory capacity (involving both drastic innovation and more subtle forms of change) to deepen the CAPs deployed in the previous decade, while coping with their (perceived) worst consequences: sustaining the historically-specific mode of mediating the global movement of money-capital in each country required the uneven re-articulation of state power. The thesis contributes to the literatures on the distinctively Marxian-inspired approaches to development, the uneven geographies of finance/financialisation, materialist state theory, and to the debates about more progressive forms of financial governance in emerging capitalist countries. It also shows the limits of the concept of 'policy space' as an analytical device, chiefly due to its almost complete blindness to class and to the active role of the working class in shaping policies. This results in difficulties in envisaging progressive policy alternatives, that is, policies that do not only aim at stabilising capital accumulation and facilitating the reproduction of key capitalist social forms in the short term.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

deMatos, Richard Bernard. "Floor limits and credit card fraud in the South African credit card industry." Thesis, University of South Africa, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/48.

Full text

Abstract:

Credit card fraud losses within the South African credit card market in 2006 exceeded R257M. A portion of these losses (R179M) are within the borders of South Africa and its common monetary area partners. This represents a startling 70% of credit card fraud on magnetic stripe cards used within the borders of South Africa. The South African credit card industry adopts floor limits at certain merchants and merchant categories. South Africa is one of a few countries in the world that still adopt floor limits on credit cards within its payment card industry. Credit card transactions on magnetic-stripe cards conducted below the merchant’s designated floor limit do not go to the issuing bank for authorization. The first time the issuing bank acknowledges these transactions is when they are settled on average two days later. The rationale for not adopting zero floor limits within the South African credit card market is the supposed inability of the existing telecommunications infrastructure to handle the volume and frequency of data submitted by merchants for authorization. The impact of reduced fraud and bad debt losses through adopting a zero floor limit in relation to merchant operational costs is the basis of the research. The research also aims to examine the Proposition that the existing telecommunications infrastructure is unable to support a zero floor limit proposal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Benjamin, Mogammad Ameen. "Analysing urban flood risk in low-cost settlements of George, Western Cape, South Africa : investigating physical and social dimensions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4823.

Full text

Abstract:

Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-209).
The main theoretical question of the research concerns the importance of considering both the physical and social dimensions of urban flood risk. The following analytical questions are therefore considered: i) What constitutes urban flooding? ii) What processes influence the urban flood hazardscape? iii) What makes people vulnerable to urban flooding? iv) How does one assess urban flood risk? A realist and constructivist society-environment epistemology are considered. In particular, the platform generated through the aforementioned epistemologies for opening up the opportunity to incorporate an integrated hazardscape and vulnerability paradigm for integrated urban flood risk management is considered. The research adopts an analytical framework that includes elements of the Pressure and Release model, the Sustainable Urban Development framework and the Extended Alternative Adjustments framework to study flood risk in lowcost settlements. The research incorporates a review of the damage following three extreme weather events over George during 2006 and 2007. It selects a worst affected low-cost settlement for further flood risk analysis. In the flood risk assessment the research investigates the flood hazardscape of the settlement and physical adjustments undertaken by residents. Human flood vulnerability and vulnerability adjustments undertaken by the residents are also investigated. The research adopts a participatory hazardscape methodological approach drawing from hydrological methods within the physical sciences and qualitative methods from within the social sciences. Both primary and secondary sources are considered. The findings allow for a guiding Urban Flood Risk Circulation framework that explains the importance of considering both the flood hazardscape and human vulnerability in urban flood risk management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Baard, Roelof Stephanus. "An empirical analysis of the relationship between operating cash flows and dividend changes in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18154.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dividend changes and operating cash flows in South Africa. Previous studies on the relationship in developed markets established that the main determinants of dividend changes are current year earnings and preceding dividend levels. The dividend changes-operating cash flows relationship was successfully studied in the developing market of Nigeria. The procedures and arguments used in this study were largely based on studies undertaken by Charitou and Vafeas (1998) and Adelegan (2003). The relationship was studied by selecting 60 companies that have been listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange from 1990 to 2005. A multiple regression model was used in this study to investigate the relationship between dividend changes and operating cash flows. The multiple regression results revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between dividend changes and operating cash flows. The results also revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between dividend changes and profits after tax and a significant negative relationship between dividend changes and the previous year's dividend yield. Relative to profit after tax and operating cash flows, the previous year's dividend yield has the strongest relationship with dividend changes. The strength of the variables in explaining dividend changes has changed over time. In the study, the multiple regression equation was estimated for three different periods, 1990 to 1993, 1994 to 1999 and 2000 to 2005. In the period 1994 to 2005, operating cash flows showed a significant positive relationship with dividend changes. In all three periods, the previous year's dividend yield showed a significant negative relationship with dividend changes and was also relative to profit after tax and operating cash flows, the strongest determinant of dividend changes in all three periods. In the period 1990 to 1999, profits after tax had a significant positive relationship with dividend changes. The results showed that operating cash flows, over time explain more of dividend changes than profits after tax. The study also investigated factors that have the potential to influence the relationship between dividend changes and operating cash flows. The multiple regression results revealed that growth prospects, levels of leverage and the size of a company did not significantly influence the dividend changes-operating cash flows relationship.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verwantskap tussen dividendveranderinge en kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite te ondersoek. Vorige studies oor die verwantskap wat met betrekking tot ontwikkelende markte onderneem is, het bevind dat die hoof determinante van dividendveranderinge die huidge jaar se verdienste en die voorafgaande jaar se dividendopbrengste is. Die dividendveranderinge-kontant uit bedryfsaldiwiteite verwantskap is suksesvol bestudeer in die ontwikkelende mark van Nigerië. Die prosedures en argumente wat gebruik is in hierdie studie is hoofsaaklik op die studies van Charitou en Vafeas (1998) en Adelegan (2003) gebaseer. Die verwantskap is bestudeer deur 60 maatskappye te selekteer wat vanaf 1990 tot 2005 op die Johannesburg se Effektebeurs genoteerd was. 'n Meervoudige regressie model is in die studie gebruik om die verwantskap tussen dividendveranderinge en kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite te ondersoek. Die meervoudige regressieresultate het gewys dat daar 'n positiewe betekenisvolle verwantskap tussen dividend veranderinge en kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite is. Die resultate het ook gewys dat daar 'n positiewe betekenisvolle verwantskap is tussen dividendveranderinge en wins na belasting asook, 'n negatiewe betekenisvolle verwantskap tussen dividendveranderinge en die voorafgaande jaar se dividendopbrengs. Relatief tot wins na belasting en kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite, het die voorafgaande jaar se dividendopbrengste 'n sterker verwantskap met dividendveranderinge gehad. Die sterkte van die veranderlikes in die verduideliking van dividendveranderinge het met verloop van tyd verander. Die meervoudige regressie vergelyking is in die studie vir drie verskillende periodes geraam, naamlik vir 1990 tot 1993, 1994 tot 1999 en 2000 tot 2005. In die periode 1994 tot 2005 was daar 'n positiewe betekenisvolle verwantskap tussen dividendveranderinge en kontant uit bedryfaktiwiteite. Al drie periodes het 'n negatiewe betekenisvolle verwantskap tussen dividendveranderinge en die voorafgaande jaar se dividendopbrengs getoon. Die voorafgaande jaar se dividendopbrengs was ook relatief tot wins na belasting en kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite die sterkste determinant van dividendveranderinge in al drie periodes. Daar was 'n positiewe betekenisvolle verwantskap tussen dividendveranderinge en wins na belasting in die periode van 1990 to 1999. Die resultate toon dat kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite met verloop van tyd meer verklaar van dividendverandringe as wins na belasting. Die studie het ook faktore wat die verwantskap tussen dividendveranderinge en kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite potensieël kan beïnvloed, ondersoek. Die meervoudige regressieresultate het getoon dat groeimoontlikhede, hefboomfinansiering en die grootte van 'n maatskappy nie die verwantskap tussen dividendveranderinge en kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite betekenisvol beïnvloed nie.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Solomon, F. J. "Examining the feasiblity of informal settlement flood early warning systems : focus on the urban flood-risk experience of Kosovo and Masiphumelele residents, Cape Town South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10717.

Full text

Abstract:

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-117).
This thesis examines the feasibility of applying people-centred approaches to flood early warning systems (EWS) in informal settlements in the City of Cape Town, particularly, through the experiences of poor and disadvantaged communities in Kosovo and Masiphumelele informal settlements. The impact of recurrent floods during the winter rainfall months and their costs are disproportionally borne both by those at risk and the local government that is required to repeatedly respond to them. A social science perspective is adopted, with the application of a risk communication framework. The urban flood-risk context of both study sites and the risk governance approach to managing and communicating flood risk were investigated and factors influencing flood warning processes and behavioural factors influencing response to flood-risk and flood warning, examined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Mollatt, Michelle Claire. "Ecological food sense : connections between food waste flows and food production in Enkanini Informal Settlement, Stellenbosch." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86550.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In situ Informal Settlement Upgrading (ISU) was explored in this thesis, focussing on its relevance to waste service upgrading options immediately available and practically implementable for residents of Enkanini, a poorly serviced township (slum) in Stellenbosch, South Africa. Household food waste (kitchen scraps) was chosen as a key point of entry for exploring the context and viability of in situ improvement of solid waste management services in the area. This was done by investigating ways biological and social aspects of soil quality and food waste management can be incrementally improved in the settlement. Transdisciplinary methodology, Participatory Action Learning and Social Learning perspectives, combined with ecological thinking were used to explore different methods of managing food waste in Enkanini. A food waste collection pilot project was initiated in Enkanini by the Stellenbosch Municipality in 2012. The project was modified and continued in 2013, which served as the case study for this thesis. In 2013, food waste was collected by 56 households over five months. It was treated with Bokashi Effective Micro-organisms (Bokashi EM) containing yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bokashi EM partially fermented the waste before it was used for composting or feeding to Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Laboratory testing of food waste, compost, soils and larvae waste residue determined the safety, potential and sustainability of food waste for recycling and contribution to local urban agriculture by closing the organic waste loop, and for generating an income stream. A total of 5851kg food waste was collected, saving 6m3 landfill space. Households generated 5,2kg - 9,6kg food waste per week. Extrapolating this lower figure for all of Enkanini (about 2400 households), about 50,2 tonnes of food waste could be generated per month. If this were collected and recycled or composted, this would save 51,2m3 landfill space per month. The most commonly cited benefit of food waste collections by participants was reduction of vermin in or around their homes. Laboratory testing indicated that some samples had high levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. No traces of Salmonella were found in food waste, compost and soil samples, and most were within acceptable limits for heavy metals. It was cautioned that vegetables grown on soils or compost with high E. coli be washed or cooked before consumption. Following socially and ecologically sustainable management of Enkanini’s food waste requires a combination of waste management methods. Options include localised composting - burying EM treated food waste in soil; in situ container composting of waste and adding this to soil; processing of EM treated food waste by Black Soldier Fly larvae (and their subsequent use as feed for chickens or fish); and finally by anaerobic digestion for generation of biogas and effluent fertiliser in local biodigestors. The thesis showed that biological elements (such as bacteria and soil nutrients) have impacts on residents in communities and these need to be considered significant. The thesis suggests ecological elements be considered as indicators or building blocks for ISU locally, nationally and internationally. Keywords: in situ incremental upgrading, food waste management, Effective Micro-organisms, social learning, urban agriculture, closed-loop systems, organic waste management, informal settlements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In situ Opgraderingsprojek vir Informele Nedersetting (OIN) is in hierdie tesis ondersoek, met die fokus om die relevansie van afval diens opgradering opsies prakties te implementeer vir die inwoners van Enkanini, Stellenbosch, Suid Afrika, 'n gemeenskap met swak dienslewering. Huishoudelike kombuis voedselafval is gekies om die konteks en lewensvatbaarheid van in situ verbetering van vaste afval bestuur dienste te ondersoek. Dit is bereik deur maniere te ondersoek om die biologiese en sosiale aspekte van die kwaliteit van grond en voedselafval bestuur in die nedersetting te verbeter. Transdissiplinêre metode, Deelnemende Aksie Leer en Sosiale Leerprosesse, gekombineer met ekologiese denke, is gebruik is om verskillende metodes van die bestuur van voedselafval in Enkanini te verken. 'N Enkanini voedselafval versamelingsprojek is in 2012 deur die Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit begin. Dit is in 2013 aangepas en vir hierdie studie gebruik. Gedurende vyf maande in 2013 is voedselafval deur 56 huishoudings ingesamel. Dit is behandel met Bokashi effektiewe mikro-organismes (EM Bokashi) met gis, melksuur bakterieë, aktinomisete en fotosintetiese bakterieë. Die Bokashi EM het die afval gedeeltelik gegis voordat die afval gebruik was vir kompos of voeding aan Swart Soldaat Vlieg (Hermetia illucens) larwes. Voedselafval, kompos, grond en larwe oorskot laboratourim toetse het die veiligheid bepaal, asook die potensiaal en volhoubaarheid van die afval vir herwinning en die bydrae tot die plaaslike stedelike landbou deur middel van die organiese afval siklus, en vir inkomste generering. 5851kg voedselafval is ingesamel en 6m³ se opvullingsruimte bespaar. Die huishoudings het 5,2kg – 9,6kg voedselafval per week gegenereer. Die laer syfer in aggeneem, kan sowat 50,2 ton voedsalafval per maand in Enkanini (ongeveer 2400 huishoudings) gegenereer word. As dit ingesamel, herwin of gekomposteer was, sou 51,2 m³ opvullingsruimte per maand bespaar word. Die belangrikste voordeel van die voedselafval versamelings was die vermindering van knaag en aasdiere rondom wonings. Laboratoriumtoetse het hoë vlakke van Escherichia coli (E. coli) bakterieë in sommige monsters gevind. Geen spore van Salmonella is in die voedselafval, kompos en grondmonsters gevind nie en meeste was binne die aanvaarbare perke vir swaar metale. Die gemeenskap is gewaarsku om groente wat in die grond of kompos gekweek is voor verbruik in chloorwater te was of kook. Die sosiale en ekologies volhoubare bestuur van Enkanini se voedselafval vereis 'n kombinasie van afval bestuursmetodes. Opsies sluit gelokaliseerde kompos - begrawe EM behandelde voedsel afval in die grond; in situ houer kompos afval en die toevoeging van hierdie tot die grond; verwerking van EM behandelde voedselafval deur Swart Soldaat Vlieg larwes (en hul daaropvolgende gebruik as voer vir hoenders of vis); en uiteindelik deur mestvergisting vir die generasie van biogas en kunsmis in biovergisters. Die tesis toon dat biologiese elemente (soos bakterieë en voedingstowwe in grond)'n impak het op die gemeenskap se inwoners en as n belangrik faktor beskou moet word. Die tesis dui ekologiese elemente as n toekomstige aanwysers aan indien OIN plaaslik, nasionaal of internasionaal oorweeg word. Sleutelwoorde: in situ toenemende opgradering, kos afval bestuur, effektiewe mikro-organismes, sosiale leerproses, stedelike landbou, geslotestelsel-sisteme, organiese afval, informele nedersettings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Weldrick, Sarah Katharine. "The development of an ecological model to determine flood release options for the management of the Phongolo floodplain in Kwazulu/Natal (South Africa)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005102.

Full text

Abstract:

The Phongolo River floodplain in KwaZulu/Natal is a river-associated wetland which was subject to regular cycles of flooding in the past. The floods were associated with seasonal summer rainfall. Through the wet and dry cycles on the floodplain there was an alternation between the aquatic and terrestrial biomes. Many of the fishes on the floodplain are dependent on this cycle for their survival. The construction of the Pongolapoort Dam in 1969 has resulted in alterations to the timing, magnitudes and duration of the natural flooding events of the Phongolo River. This alteration has affected the fisheries. It is now necessary to simulate natural floods by artificial water releases from the dam. There are several demands on the water supply, so it has not always been possible to adhere to the natural flood regime. This necessitated the need for an integrated management programme to ensure the sustainability of the natural resources. A practical ecological model of the fishery was developed to determine an optimum flood release scenario for the floodplain. The relative abundances, distribution and species richness of the fishes were determined at various lakes and rivers on the floodplain. A community classification of the fishes was determined using TWINSPAN ordination. The potential yield of the fish at each site was calculated. Flood releases of varying magnitudes were simulated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This information was combined in a model which can be used by resource managers to estimate the percentage species compositions of fishes at each of the lakes, and to compare the actual harvest to the potential calculated sustainable yields of fishes for various flood release regimes. Subsistence agriculture and other beneficial ecological information can be incorporated into the model to determine the effect of different flood release options for the Phongolo floodplain.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Pitout, Evert Philippus. "An assessment of the potential use of excess warehousing space of Spoornet property management to support the industrial development zones in the Eastern Cape region." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/149.

Full text

Abstract:

The research problem addressed in this study was to analyse and report on the potential use of Spoornet’s excess warehousing to support the Industrial Development Zones (IDZs) in the Eastern Cape. In order to achieve this objective, a literature study was undertaken to ascertain the world-class practices for warehousing. A study was conducted on Spoornet strategy in order to determine whether the company can apply its existing strategy for warehouse operations. The empirical results obtained, indicated that there would be a need for warehousing to support the IDZs in the Eastern Cape. There would be opportunities for storage of raw materials, distribution of parts for production, and finished goods to be delivered to consumers. Spoornet has gained ground on its competitor with respect to logistics and has progressed with its “Freight Logistics Solution” initiative. In conclusion it was recommended that Spoornet uses its existing strategy and convert their goods sheds into world-class warehousing. The warehouse space can be used as a trade-off to gain rail clients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Misrole, Matthew. "A re-assessment of the geochronology and geochemistry of the Postberg Ignimbrites, Saldanha, Western Cape, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7733.

Full text

Abstract:

>Magister Scientiae - MSc
The Saldania Belt in southern Africa, a product of the Pan-African Saldanian Orogeny, forms part of a system of Neoproterozoic mobile belts that border and weld older cratons on the African continent. It is a low-grade orogenic belt situated along the southwestern margin of the Kalahari Craton and is composed of several inliers of greenschist facies metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks (Malmesbury Group), unroofed in megaanticlinal hinges of the Permo-Triassic Cape Fold Belt. The Malmesbury Group rocks were syn- and post-tectonically intruded in a pervasive transpressive regime between 555 Ma and 515 Ma by Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian S-, I- and A-type granites, monzodiorites, gabbros and quartz syenites, which collectively constitute the rocks of the Cape Granite Suite (CGS). Along the south-western coastline of South Africa, the Saldanha Bay Volcanic Complex (which forms part of the CGS) is divided into two eruption centres both of which have been identified as “intra-caldera pyroclastic ignimbrites”. The Postberg eruption centre is situated to the south of the Saldanha Bay entrance and the Saldanha eruption centre is situated to the north of the entrance. Both eruption centres display distinct geochemical signatures, the most apparent being the greater TiO2 concentrations (> 0.25 wt. %) of the Saldanha centre ignimbrites when compared to its Postberg centre counterparts. The Postberg eruption centre consists of S-type rhyolitic ignimbrites which are subdivided into the two geochemically distinct Plankiesbaai and Tsaarsbank Ignimbrites. Small amounts of the Jacobs Bay and Saldanha Ignimbrites (less felsic tephra from the Saldanha eruption centre) are also present in the Postberg eruption centre. A robust geochemical analysis of both the Plankiesbaai and Tsaarsbank magma groups display high SiO2 content (>76 wt. %), a lack of variation in TiO2 and Zr, high Al2O3 and ASI (aluminium saturation index) values (> 1.0 and generally >1.1 which, on average, is higher than the Saldanha eruption centre ignimbrites), low CaO and Na2O, and a highly ferroan character. The Plankiesbaai ignimbrite also display lower #Mg concentration compared to the Tsaarsbank ignimbrite. Typical geochemical trends in the Postberg eruption centre include the lack of variation in Zr content, higher Rb content and lower Sr, Ba, V and Zn concentrations when compared to the tephra of the Saldanha eruption centre found in the Postberg area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Mashalaba, T. L. "Cash flows analysis with reference to direct and indirect method and value - added reporting of industrial commpanies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51644.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
The investing public seeks to have knowledge on the future and anticipated enterprise performance. The starting point for gathering such information is presented in the enterprise financial statements. Secondary data presented by the Business School of the University of Stellenbosch was used. The study focused on finding out the magnitude of reporting cash flows from operating activities using the indirect or direct methods. The study also checked the frequency of reporting value - added statements, and took a forecast view on what the reporting nature is expected to look like in the next financial year-end. The database used in the study included 655 listed and delisted industrial companies in the Johannesburg Stock Exchangeover the ten-year period starting from January 1990 through to December 1999. It is noted that the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants, as stated in Statement AC 118, encourages enterprises to report cash flows from operating activities using the direct method. This is because the direct method provides information which may be useful in estimating future cash flows and which is not available under the indirect method. The study noted the rate at which newly listed enterprises report their initial cash flow statements, and the rate at which enterprises listed before 1996 are changing from reporting using the indirect method to the direct method. The results showed that at present South African enterprises are reporting cash flows from operating activities at a higher rate that in other notable Western Countries subscribing to the doctrines of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). The number of enterprises presenting value - added statements has shown an increase, though reporting value - added statements is not yet statutory. For the forecasting exercise part of the study, Brown's linear double exponential smoothing technique was applied.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Sixsmith, Peter John. "Stratigraphic development of a Permian turbidite system on a deforming basin floor : Lainsburg Formation, Karoo Basin, South Africa." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367065.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Smith-Adao, Lindie B. "Links between valley confinement, landforms and vegetation distribution in a semi-arid valley floor environment, Baviaanskloof, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/953.

Full text

Abstract:

Although a large body of international literature has advanced our understanding of river systems, a considerable amount of gaps exit in the knowledge of dryland systems. River systems reflect complex interactions between biophysical processes and patterns. Understanding how processes generate observed patterns and, in turn, how patterns influence processes is crucial to understanding river structure and function. It requires an interdisciplinary approach in both research and resulting applications. The aim of this thesis was to examine the relationship between valley confinement, fluvial style, valley floor morphology and vegetation in the semi-arid environment of the Baviaanskloof river catchment, South Africa. This interdisciplinary investigation used a mixed method approach that involved desktop analyses and field surveys to understand dynamics at multiple scales, from the whole catchment to local (site, reach and quadrat or sample plot) scales. The desktop analyses included historical rainfall patterns and climate extremes, aerial photograph time-series and remote sensing greenness indices, and the field surveys focussed on cross-valley landform profiles, groundwater depth levels, sediment size distribution and soil chemistry, and vegetation distribution patterns. Based on the integrative assessment of these techniques a framework was developed of the links between valley confinement, surface-groundwater interaction, hydrogeomorphic processes and landforms, vegetation and human activities. Study findings highlighted the fact that very strong links exist between these factors. In this semi-arid area water availability (groundwater and streamflow conditions) was the primary control on valley floor vegetation composition and patterning. One group of species was associated with the wetted channel reaches at confined and semi-confined valley settings, while the other was associated with dry bed channel reaches at unconfined valley settings. The analyses also indicated that the environmental variables which best explained the variation in vegetation at the differing geomorphic landforms were related to landform position (elevation and distance), sediment size (fine and coarse sand) and available phosphorus (i.e. human impacts). The different plants, in turn, also affected landforms through their influence on sediment erosion, transport and deposition. Specially, they build, maintained or modified geomorphic landforms at confined, semi-confined and unconfined valley settings across the valley floor. Valley confinement was a primary control influencing hydrogeomorphic processes and their associated landforms. Alluvial fans and terraces acted as critical additional controls at especially the unconfined valley setting. Implications for restoration efforts in the catchment included strategies that took cognisance of: active revegetation on floodplain surfaces related to former agricultural fields; channel switching associated with the highly dynamic and unpredictable nature of geomorphic features; unstable multi-thread braided channels in the unconfined valley setting; and the selection of representative monitoring sites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Damons, Matthew. "An assessment of the contribution of surface and subsurface flows to river flows of the Sandspruit in the Berg River Catchment, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6415.

Full text

Abstract:

Magister Scientiae - MSc (Environ & Water Science)
Studies have shown that the primary origin of salinity in river flows of the Sandspruit in the Berg Catchment located in the Western Cape Province of South Africa was mainly a result of atmospheric deposition of salts. The salts are transported to rivers through surface runoff and subsurface flow (i.e. through flow and groundwater flow). The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of subsurface and surface flows to the total flows in the Sandspruit, Berg Catchment. Three rain events were studied. Water samples for two rain events were analysed for environmental tracers ?18O, Silica or Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+). Tracers used for two component hydrograph separation were ?18O and SiO2. The tracers, Ca2+ and Mg2+, revealed inconsistent contributions of both subsurface flow and surface flow. Two component hydrograph separations indicated is that groundwater is the dominant contributor to flow, while surface runoff mainly contributes during the onset of the storm event. Groundwater response to precipitation input indicated that boreholes near the river have a quicker response than boreholes further away from the river. Boreholes nearer to the river also indicate higher water levels in response to precipitation, in comparison to boreholes further from the river.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Chiremba, Constance. "Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of South African sorghums and of flours and cookies made from them." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11302009-190811/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Jordaan, Carl David. "The impact of leader member exchange on shop-floor worker innovation in South African manufacturing firms." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30609.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigates the impact that certain constructs of Leader Member Exchange (LMX) between supervisors and shop floor workers of South African manufacturing firms have on the willingness of the shop floor workers to introduce new ideas. In particular, the constructs; trust, development of skills and inclusion of the worker is examined. Since shop-floor workers are intimately involved with their day to day operations and work at the coalface, the ideas recommended by these individuals are suggested to often be antecedents of innovation. By gaining an understanding of the relationship between the aforementioned LMX constructs and the willingness of shop floor workers to introduce new ideas, certain modes of behavioural interaction can be implemented in order to enhance shop floor innovation. It is argued that such strategic intervention in turn will result in shop floor innovation as a source of competitive advantage for an organisation.The primary data was collected through physical interviews using a questionnaire that addresses all the mentioned constructs. All of the 50 dyads were usable in the correlation and regression models run. The outcome of this research supports the literature that trust and inclusion are positively correlated with the willingness of shop floor workers to introduce new ideas. Notably was the extent to which workers and supervisors perceived levels of worker inclusion differently. The regression analysis reveals that some of the willingness of workers to introduce new ideas can be explained by the presence of all three explanatory variables namely, trust, development and inclusion. The research has shown that trust contributes to willingness of workers to introduce new ideas, but in contrast to literature, development has a negative impact. The results provide insight into the relationships between these constructs and the willingness of shop floor workers in South African manufacturing firms to introduce new ideas.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Grütter, Anton Wilhelm. "A multi-case investigation into the effectiveness of shop floor improvement teams at South African manufacturers." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5537.

Full text

Abstract:

Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-190).
This research was prompted by the apparent contradiction between the popularity of contemporary approaches to manufacturing (CMAs), such as total quality management, just-in-time, and lean production, and the empirical research evidence which indicates that few of these programmes result in demonstrable operational performance improvement

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Owens, Jeffrey, Rick McDonell, Riël Franzsen, and Jude Thaddeus Amos. "Inter-agency Cooperation and Good Tax Governance in Africa." Pretoria University Law Press (PULP), 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6292/1/2018_Inter%2Dagency_Cooperation_and_Good_Tax_Governance_in_Africa.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

In 2015, the Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU) and the African Tax Institute at the University of Pretoria launched a project to identify the links between corruption, money laundering and tax crimes in Africa. The project promotes the concepts of good tax governance and the importance to economic development of a tax system that is transparent and free of corruption. The project explores how law enforcement agencies and tax authorities can best cooperate to counter corruption and bribery. The project was initially aimed at three focus countries, namely, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa, but soon was extended to other African countries. This is a joint initiative with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and is also supported by the World Bank. This book brings together a series of background papers prepared for the Conference on Inter-Agency Co-operation and Good Tax Governance in Africa held at the University of Pretoria in July 2016. After a rigorous double peer-review process, the papers were revised by the authors. We express our gratitude to and acknowledge the services of the following peer reviewers: Tom Balco; Carika Fritz; Leon Gerber; Willem Jacobs; Benjamin Kujinga; Thabo Legwaila; Annet Oguttu; Dirk Scholtz; David Solomon; and Xeniya Yeroshenko. Finally, we express our sincere gratitude to all the research and administrative assistants who contributed to the Good Tax Governance in Africa Project. This book pays tribute to their efforts. Jeffrey Owens, Rick McDonell, Riël Franzsen and Jude Amos (Vienna and Pretoria, November 2017)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Muzhingi, Taurai. "The relative value relevance of book values, operating cash flows, EVA and earnings: A South African perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29220.

Full text

Abstract:

Most investors would want to know what is included in the price of a share and how far accounting data explain the share price. This study uses the most common measures of financial performance to measure what is explained by the share price. Most analyst briefings use these financial performance measures: book value per share, cash flow per share, earnings per share and most recently the market performance measure, the economic value added (EVA) in the share valuations. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the above measures of financial performance as presented in financial statements and the share prices and share returns. If there is a relationship, which measure is most closely related to both share prices and share returns? The study uses data obtained from a balanced sample of 87 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) during the ten-year period (2005-2014). Both the price and the returns models were used to analyse this financial data to find out which accounting measure has the greatest explanatory power on the share prices and share returns (measured by the R-squared or R 2metric). For the price model, share prices 3 months after the financial yearend were used to allow for the release of financial information. Using the price model, earnings have the highest overall R2 at 56.4%, with book values at 18.4%, EVA at 2.18% and lastly operating cash flows at 1.18%. This effectively means that earnings per share is more value relevant in determining firm value than either book value of equity, EVA and operating cash flows, respectively. Using incremental value relevance, equity book values and earnings explain 65% of the share prices. However, changes in EVA deflated by price have the greatest explanatory power (R 2 at 30%) using the returns model and none of the other measures(earnings and operating cash flows) have a significant relationship with share returns. Overall the results show that both accounting based (book value of equity and earnings) and market based measures (EVA) are value relevant in determining firm value. The results also show that a consideration of more than one variable in determining firm value is more informative than considering each variable separately. EVA should also be used in determining value as it has shown that it explains some of the share prices and returns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Rudman, Riaan J. "An empirical study on the determinants of net investment flows of South African General Equity unit trusts." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5981.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

kapingura, Forget Mingri. "External financial flows, domestic savings and economic growth in the Southern African development community (SADC)(1980-2013)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5198.

Full text

Abstract:

.Most countries in the SADC region experience low levels of domestic savings. This calls for the need to explore other sources of financial flows to bridge the gap between domestic capital demand and supply, and one such source is external financial flows. It is with this background that this study examined the relationship between the different forms of external financial flows, domestic savings and economic growth in the SADC region for the period from 1980 to 2013. Firstly the study examined the impact of the different forms of external financial flows on economic growth in the region. The empirical results revealed that FDI, CBF and remittances have a significant impact on economic growth in the SADC region. ODA was however found to be insignificant. When the different types of external financial flows were interacted with institutions they all became significant in explaining economic growth in the region. The second aspect was to examine the extent to which external financial flows complement or displace domestic saving. The empirical results revealed that external financial flows with the exception of ODA complement domestic savings in the region. In addition, there is evidence of investment generating additional savings in the region, which is likely to be through the economic growth channel. The last objective of the study was to examine the determinants of external financial flows to the SADC region. The empirical results revealed that both push and pull factors are important in determining external financial flows in the region. Of great importance was the observation that events in the source country determine financial flows to the region. Proxy for financial integration was found to be positive though insignificant, pointing out that the region may not be benefiting from cross-border bank flows due to the region being disintegrated. This suggests that the region may benefit from increased cross-border bank flows if the region is integrated. Overall, the results from the study suggest that external financial flows are important to the region in providing the much needed development finance. However this also suggests that the foreign capital channel is another source in which a crisis from a developed country can be transmitted to the SADC region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Van, de Winkel Tijl. "Trade liberalisation and the impact of regional trade flows on the mark-ups in South African manufacturing industries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5680.

Full text

Abstract:

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-48).
Since the mid-1990s South Africa has made considerable progress in opening up its trade regime.This study presents estimates of average mark-ups for the manufacturing industries over the period 1970-2002 and further analyses the impact of trade liberalisation and regional trade flows on the internal competitiveness of South African manufacturing industries between 1988 and 2002. While several international studies have analysed the impact of trade flows, few have analysed the impact of trade liberalisation using tariff data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Magoba, Rozwivhona Faith. "Influences of river flows on recruitment success of Fynbos riparian vegetation along selected high gradient streams in the Western Cape, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4362.

Full text

Abstract:

>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Riparian vegetation occurs in two distinct zones, the wet bank and the dry bank. Knowledge on how the flow regime influences the zonal structure of riparian vegetation is required to mitigate the adverse effects of water resource utilization on riparian vegetation. The first objective of this study was to determine whether flow exerts a physical influence on zonal structure pre- or post-recruitment. An examination of the survival of seedlings and saplings was conducted along Western Cape rivers to investigate seedling persistence and survival on lateral zones. A comparison of the ratios of seedlings, saplings and adults in different riparian zones for the years, 2004, 2011 and 2013, was carried out. The results suggest that in general seeds are deposited randomly on the banks, where they germinate and become seedlings. Seedlings that become established at locations unsuitable for their persistence into adulthood are removed either by high flows or perish during dry conditions. Thus, lateral zonation eventually develops due to species differences in tolerance to conditions at different positions on the banks. The second objective was to explore the effects of the reduction in dry season low flows on the recruitment success of riparian species at sites upstream and downstream of abstraction points. At most sites plants were arranged into different lateral zones and the numbers of species between upstream and downstream sites were not significantly different. There were significant differences in the abundances between up- and downstream sites, with the loss of herbaceous plants and sedges at downstream sites, both of which favour moist conditions. Also, in the absence of dry season flows, the seedlings of dry bank tree species recruited closer to the channel than those at the sites with summer flows. The shifting of the dry bank into the channel narrows the channel, which may affect the hydraulic pressures exerted during floods. The spatial arrangement in the riparian zone has as much to do with flow conditions post recruitment as it does with conditions during recruitment. This shows that the structure of riparian plants is determined not only by whether or not the minimum flows are met, this points to the need to reinstate the naturally variable flow and adopting a holistic approach for the understanding and management of aquatic systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Mokoena, Itumeleng. "The Impact of Private Capital Flows on South Africa's Developmental State Agenda in the Post-Apartheid Era." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32866.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation explores the impact of private capital flows on South Africa's developmental state agenda in the post-apartheid era. South Africa is one country that has set, beforehand, the objective to become a developmental state. However, the role of private capital flows as a factor that can determine the success, or the failure of that objective is largely missing from the debate about constructing the developmental state in South Africa. By exploring the impact of private capital flows, the study seeks to inform the reader about the nature and composition of private capital flows in South Africa as well as investigate whether these flows hinder or accelerate South Africa's developmental state objective. The study has utilized qualitative methods. It also made use of quantitative data as a secondary supplement to ensure a greater understanding of the research problem. In addition, the study has used the theory of financialization from Marxist Political Economy which posits that private capital flows are unproductive and merely interested in surplus accumulation without producing anything substantive in the long term. The research findings indicate that financial liberalization as a step that was taken by the democratic government to attract private capital flows has not been beneficial for South Africa's long term development as it allows capital flight and illicit financial flows. While South Africa did manage to attract private capital flows after liberalizing its capital account, these flows have been made up mainly of portfolio investments that do not contribute significantly to the productive sectors. Instead, portfolio investments drive excessive household debt, consumption and financial speculation. Moreover, private capital flows reinforce a non-developmental agenda by exacerbating the problem of unemployment, inequality, and poverty which are key developmental goals that South Africa seek to overcome through the developmental state. More importantly, South Africa's reliance on private capital flows constrain its economic policy choices and this, in turn, hinders an emergence of a developmental state.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Floods – South Africa'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles