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1
Shekhawat, Krishnendra, and José P. Duarte. "Introduction to generic rectangular floor plans." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 32, no. 3 (May 30, 2018): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060417000671.
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AbstractAn important task in the initial stages of most architectural design processes is the design of planar floor plans, that are composed of non-overlapping rooms divided from each other by walls while satisfying given topological and dimensional constraints. The work described in this paper is part of a larger research aimed at developing the mathematical theory for examining the feasibility of given topological constraints and providing a generic floor plan solution for all possible design briefs.In this paper, we mathematically describe universal (or generic) rectangular floor plans with n rooms, that is, the floor plans that topologically contain all possible rectangular floor plans with n rooms. Then, we present a graph-theoretical approach for enumerating generic rectangular floor plans upto nine rooms. At the end, we demonstrate the transformation of generic floor plans into a floor plan corresponding to a given graph.
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Nisztuk, Maciej, and Paweł B. Myszkowski. "Usability of contemporary tools for the computational design of architectural objects: Review, features evaluation and reflection." International Journal of Architectural Computing 16, no. 1 (November 5, 2017): 58–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077117738919.
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This article is an overview focused on functionality and usability of selected contemporary approaches for the computational floor plan generation of architectural objects. This article describes current solutions for generative architectural design and focuses on their usability from the point of view of architectural design practice. Recent research papers and prototypes, as well as the most important tools (selected computer-aided design and BIM software) for generative design from the architectural perspective, are described. The functionalities and level of usability of present-day software and prototypes are described. In addition, the descriptive review of the research prototypes architectural design outcomes is present. Furthermore, the survey among active architects regarding the usage of computational tools in the professional practice and possible guidelines for the development of such tools are present. This article summarises with the conclusion about the current state of generative floor plan design tools, the lack of fully functional and developed commercial tools of this type on the market and future directions for the development of generative floor plans tools.
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Raof, Binaee Yaseen, Sara Dhiaadin Bahaadin, and Hoshyar Qadir Rasul. "The Thermal Performance of Vernacular Houses as An Identity of Kurdish Traditional Architecture." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 236–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.1.17.
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Nature in general and especially climate, play a decisive role in defining the architecture of a place or people over time. Therefore, it is more convenient to look at architecture as a mirror reflects people's adaptation and behavior to the environment over time. Because of mainstream design with low-tech conditions, the climate is the predominant power that characterizes the building types. In this manner, as long as the climate differs from one place to another, the vernacular architecture is going to be differs as well, due to the environmental conditions. Traditional houses were adopted to meet the basic psychological and physiological needs of man through the most rational elements, such as building floor plans (spatial organization), materials, shapes, details and floor effects in various ranges. As a result, these architectural features marked the identity features of local architecture in the city. For this reason, the paper focuses on testing the thermal performance of some types of vernacular houses commonly used in the city of Sulaimani, especially in the traditional zone of the city. To achieve the research objectives, the study followed experimental analytical methodology, using outputs of the most appropriate software (Design Builder) to test the performance of three common types of local traditional houses (single and double floors). It appears that the type L with single floor is the most efficient, but the U shape with single floor recorded the highest number of days throughout the year when energy was needed.
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Moroney, Siobhan. "Rooms of Their Own: Child Experts, House Design, and the Rise of the Child’s Private Bedroom." Journal of Family History 44, no. 2 (March 12, 2019): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199019827235.
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Over the last hundred years, American vernacular housing has promoted the standard that children ought to have their own bedrooms. Architectural floor plans and house plan books indicate the increasing shift toward houses with plentiful bedrooms. Alongside the architectural evolution came the voices of child-rearing experts, who insisted children benefit psychologically from spatial separation from the rest of the family, even siblings. As the twentieth century progressed, a private bedroom supplied the best opportunity for child privacy, solitude, and development.
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Okoye, N. B. C. D., I. Onyegiri, and M. Okafor. "Effect of Architectural Design Characteristics Affecting Design Simplicity on Affordability Improvement of Core Housing Schemes." Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/jarms-9p4a2m5s.
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Studies identify that architectural design characteristics affecting design simplicity enhance core housing affordability. Effect of this attribute for affordability improvement, crucial in establishing design strategies for affordable low-cost urban homes, is lacking. Study examined this effect in Anambra State of Nigeria, using mixed method approach (primary data sourced from personal interviews, and questionnaire on 242 sampled residents from a 540 population. Using Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s Rank-Order correlation for analysis, all prototypes were found non-affordable, with p-value of 0.000 for significant variation for affordability. Significant relationship, strong and positive (p-value, 0.000; correlation coefficient 0.778), was established between architectural design characteristics affecting design simplicity and affordability. Recommendations for improving core housing affordability include: minimal floor area for initial unit (studio apartments for households earning below N161, 000 monthly, 1-bedroom and 2-bedroom prototypes for those earning between N161, 000 and N200, 000); simple geometric plans; and local building materials for roof covering.
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Khanade, Kunal, Carolina Rodriguez-Paras, Farzan Sasangohar, and Sarah Lawley. "Investigating Architectural and Space Design Considerations for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Patients." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621390.
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition among the general U.S. population but in particular for veterans. Anecdotal evidence points to the effect of urban design features on mental well-being of PTSD patients. However, evidence-based architectural and space design guidelines for PTSD patients is largely absent. Such guidelines might alleviate PTSD symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life. Interviews were conducted with combat veterans who were diagnosed with PTSD (sub population focus) to gain insights into their thoughts, needs, expectations, and experiences with physical indoor and out-door spaces. The findings suggest that certain indoor and outdoor design elements such as sharp corners, narrow pathways, blind spots, etc. increase anxiety and leads to triggers while soothing features (e.g. open spaces, situational awareness providing features such as lack of clutter or open floor plans) can relax veterans.
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Montañana, Antoni, Carmen Llinares, and Álvaro f. Page. "Modelling Design Requirements of a Floor Plan." Open House International 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2015-b0014.
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Currently many real estate developers offer their products through their websites. The aim of this medium is not only to facilitate understanding of the building, but also to capture the attention of potential customers, provoking feelings and emotions that influence the purchase decision, especially in the case of off-plan property sales. Understanding the cognitive factors behind customers' evaluation processes prior to a purchase is of great interest for defining successful design criteria. The interior space of the property is one of the most important aspect in users' purchase decisions. The paper aims to determine which property design elements in floor plans provoke the emotions users use to describe its interior design. A field study was carried out on a sample of 75 individuals who evaluated a set of images of real estate promotions. The results show that the landings and corridors are fundamental; the area must be spacious so that larger surface areas score best; the living room must be well differentiated from the bedrooms; the valuation of the space depends on the graphic form of presentation, the use of warm colours and the degree of detail in the plans has a positive influence on the assessment. This information may be of great interest for architects and designers in the graphic representation of the space.
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So, John. "The Origin of Korean Church Architecture." Religion and the Arts 23, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02303002.
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Abstract This article examines the characteristics of Korean church architecture from the perspective of the hanok (the traditional Korean house). Previously, Western commentators criticized Korean church architecture as not reflecting a theological ideology and lacking a consistent architectural style. However, examining Korean church architecture through the lens of Western church architecture does not allow for the adequate appreciation or understanding of this form. This study, therefore, considers the development of Korean churches through an examination of the hanok, including floor plans, the concept of spatial expansion, and attitudes toward daylight. In addition, gender-based seating arrangements, the horizontal extension of space, and windows that admit horizontal daylight also reflect common aspects of the hanok. Beyond showing how a distinctly Korean church architecture developed over time, these characteristics also demonstrate the central role of women and the congregation in Korean churches, in contrast to the clergy-centric design of Western churches.
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Vaidogas, Egidijus Rytas, and Jurgita Šakėnaitė. "Solving the Problem of Multiple-Criteria Building Design Decisions with respect to the Fire Safety of Occupants: An Approach Based on Probabilistic Modelling." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/792658.
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The design of buildings may include a comparison of alternative architectural and structural solutions. They can be developed at different levels of design process. The alternative design solutions are compared and ranked by applying methods of multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM). Each design is characterised by a number of criteria used in a MCDM problem. The paper discusses how to choose MCDM criteria expressing fire safety related to alternative designs. Probability of a successful evacuation of occupants from a building fire and difference between evacuation time and time to untenable conditions are suggested as the most important criteria related to fire safety. These two criteria are treated as uncertain quantities expressed by probability distributions. Monte Carlo simulation of fire and evacuation processes is natural means for an estimation of these distributions. The presence of uncertain criteria requires applying stochastic MCDM methods for ranking alternative designs. An application of the safety-related criteria is illustrated by an example which analyses three alternative architectural floor plans prepared for a reconstruction of a medical building. A MCDM method based on stochastic simulation is used to solve the example problem.
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SARI ÇETİN, Aysu. "MODERN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN CITY FURNITURE." IEDSR Association 6, no. 11 (February 24, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.220.
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Cities have different architectural features in terms of cultural, historical, geographical and social life. It is seen that each city has a unique identity over time. The reason for this is that the people living in the city have lifestyle, social behaviors and cultural values. Many cities have architectural symbols that symbolize that city. Functional use should be prioritized in the design phase of urban furniture, aesthetics is of course an important detail, but in order for the community to be together in the city, urban furniture should be ergonomic and functionality within certain standards in terms of different physical features. The climatic conditions of that city should be taken into consideration in the selection of materials for urban furniture. Lighting elements, plant elements, recreational elements, signs and information signs, floor coverings, artistic objects, including waste bins should be considered together. Urban furniture should complement each other with a holistic approach. It is seen that the materials used in the design have positive and negative effects on people psychologically. Wooden designs using natural materials give the feeling of calmness and rest. It is seen that concrete and iron materials give a sense of strength. In the use of artificial materials, there is a feeling of anxiety. The phenomenon of color in designed urban furniture causes a sense of dynamism or calmness. Remarkable designs are often made for symbolic purposes. It is an important detail for urban furniture that it is sometimes criticized and attracted attention instead of being liked.
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Obradović, Tihomir. "Split level horizontal house plan in the Balkan vernacular architecture." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 8, no. 1 (2016): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1601059o.
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Analysing traditional residential architecture in the Balkan region, we notice a widespread use of a split level horizontal house plan. The paper studies and presents examples found in Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Based on spatial, functional and structural analysis of the house plans, depending on the reasons for the horizontal floor level split and the types of its implementation, there are different groups of buildings. One group features a structural floor level split in order to match the line of the terrain; because of the implemented floor structure; or because of a bay window or a projection construction on the façade. In the other group of buildings the reasons are of a functional nature rooted in climate, social or religious sphere. Here the floor level difference is achieved by applying secondary construction elements and certain interior details. Having conducted the analysis, we can conclude that the implementation of various horizontal floor plan level in traditional, vernacular architecture is quite significant and inspirational for the modern design process in residential houses. It shows how dynamism and complexity can be achieved in a simple way, without any partitions, giving a picturesque effect of a basic interior space.
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Akalın, Aysu, Kemal Yıldırım, Çiğdem Yücel, and Can Güngör. "User Interventions in Turkish Mass Housing." Open House International 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2007-b0009.
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The intent and aim of the research was to look at a particular house type i.e. a terraced house with four floors, which is one of the popular designs commonly used in the last ten years in mass housing projects in Turkey. There are four alternatives of the type related with the cross-sectional relationship with the ground floor level. Emphasis was placed upon the "semi-cellar type" assuming that even though the level of residential satisfaction gradually increases with the possibility of interpreting the use of the open-plan floor space, and by proposing new design elements to create more adaptable and flexible spaces, the users may still experience dissatisfaction with designs where the space cannot be revised. With the use of a questionnaire, participants judged their own house as a whole and evaluated its uses for different functions and activities, complained in respect of changes required, and finally outlined their plans for the future. Despite the high level of satisfaction with having a garden (a unique characteristic in apartment-saturated Ankara), the aspect of dissatisfaction mostly referred to was the kitchen-garden relationship (or lack thereof). The residents, especially the older ones, were generally dissatisfied with the multi-storey design of their house. They prefer to remain on the backyard level without changing floors in different seasons. Besides, the users spending the longest time in the house complained more than the others and the people spending variable time in the house stated that they preferred to change the floors in different seasons. As compared to larger families, the smaller families were more likely to change floors.
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Wingler, Deborah, Herninia Machry, Sara Bayramzadeh, Anjali Joseph, and David Allison. "Comparing the Effectiveness of Four Different Design Media in Communicating Desired Performance Outcomes With Clinical End Users." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586718796626.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of four different design communication media in helping clinical end users understand spatial and functional information and in supporting their ability to provide design feedback. Background: It is critical to involve clinical end users early in the design process to test design solutions and ensure the design of a new healthcare facility supports their ability to deliver high-quality care. Traditional architectural design communication media such as floor plans and perspectives can be challenging for clinical design team members to understand. Physical and virtual mock-ups are becoming more popular as design communication media. However, nominal evidence exists comparing the effectiveness of different design media in supporting clinical end-user engagement and contribution during the design process. Method: An exploratory, qualitative study was conducted with clinical end users to evaluate the effectiveness of four different media commonly used in design communication. Results: Traditional architectural representations convey limited useful information to clinical end users, impacting the amount and type of feedback they can provide. More immersive media, such as physical and virtual mock-ups, support an increasingly holistic understanding of proposed design solutions, inciting more design solutions that range from the inclusion and exclusion of design features to location, position, and functionality of those features. Conclusions: When used in combination, each media can contribute to eliciting clinical end-user feedback at varying scales. The overall preference and higher effectiveness in eliciting design feedback from clinical end users highlights the importance of physical mock-up in communicating healthcare design solutions.
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Babangida, Hamza, and Halima Sani Katsina. "INTEGRATING ISLAMIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR ACHIEVING FAMILY PRIVACY IN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE." Journal of Islamic Architecture 5, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v5i1.4407.
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<p>Islamic Design Principles (IDP) are general guides in the context of the Islamic legal system (Sharia) abstracted for application in the management of the existing Muslim built environment and which could be used for the designing new buildings. Accordingly, they were developed from various Sharia sources among which include the Qur'an and the Hadith, as primary sources. The aim of this paper is to identify Islamic Design Principles which apply to architecture and to use same to demonstrate how they could be applied to achieve family privacy in residential design of the Muslim faithful. The research methodology involved literature search on extant works which identified Islamic Principles and their relevance to residential architecture on one hand and documentation of floor plans of existing houses designed for and occupied by Muslims in Nigeria. A four bedroom duplex among the documented houses was used to demonstrate how family privacy could be achieved using the Islamic Design Principles (IDP) at various design stages such as spatial rearrangement, reorientation, and reconfiguration of functional spaces without compromising global design criteria. In the redesigned floor plans, the design elements that were integrated include those which affected bedrooms, living rooms and other spaces for family interactions to reflect family privacy needs. Overall, the outcome of this paper adds to our understanding of the role the Islamic Design Principles (IDP) could play in no distant future on novel design approaches that support the use of new structural forms, shape and design elements which provides to privacy needs of Muslim faithful as well as satisfy universal design requirements. This paper will find practical implication if it is used as theoretical as well practical support to professionals in designing residences which address specific spiritual values of residents </p>
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Saoud Yara and Tatiana R. Zabalueva. "Principles of space planning solutions applicable to low-rise buildings in Kesab, Syria." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.2.
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Introduction. Latakia Governorate, Syria, includes Kesab located in a mountainous area. Plains, that are good for construction purposes, are depleted; therefore, mountain slopes have to accommodate new construction projects. The analysis of space planning solutions, designated for single-family residential houses, was performed with regard for the terrain of Kesab. This analysis underlies the fundamental principles of the architectural solutions that take account of the following factors: the slope type/orientation, the layout of buildings in relation to the slope and access routes, the use of the “bearing floor” design system that reduces construction costs, the use of cantilever solutions for first floors, the availability of summer premises protected from overheating in the Kesab climate, the orientation of the slope towards cardinal points, and traditions of Arabic families. Principles of architectural design of single-family residential houses with account taken of the local terrain constitute the subject of this research. The objective is to develop recommendations designated for architectural solutions for single-family residential houses to be built in the mountainous environment of Kesab, to assure indoor comfort depending on the earth grade and terrain orientation towards cardinal points, and to reduce construction costs. Materials and methods. The research is based on the analysis of the Kesab terrain, the analysis of potential construction work to be performed on the slopes having different orientations, the use of the “bearing floor” structural system, the analysis of effective Syrian and Russian regulations and data sources. Results. As a result of research into a single-family residential house built with regard for the Kesab terrain in Syria, the co-authors developed design principles applicable to single-family residential houses in the areas featuring rough terrain. Conclusions. The recommendations are designated for low-rise single-family houses that have different orientations towards cardinal points in the areas that have varied earth grades like Kesab located in the mountain valley.
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Yang, Lu Jiang, De Wen Liu, Zhong Li Guo, Jing Li, and Bi Hui Dai. "Engineering Mechanics in High-Rise Building with Irregular Planner." Applied Mechanics and Materials 540 (April 2014): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.540.193.
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Plane functional layout and total controlling plan of the general plan in the building always are abnormal. Furthermore the floor size and horizontal stiffness in the same floor are different tremendously, otherwise there are many dislocation floor in the same floor, according to different function in the same floor. Irregular plane in the building may happen according to the situation above. It is harmful to the force,, displacement and deformation in irregular plane. In order to research the essence of the irregular plane and avoid it, firstly the irregular plane is introduced, also we have distinguished stretch joint, settlement joint and, seismic joint according to the force theory of structure, and then we have used PKPM structural calculation program to build model, simulating the force in two improved models on the dead load, live load and horizontal seismic load, we have gotten the maximum displacement, maximum displacement angle, velocity, acceleration, shear force and moment, then we have analysised and compared displacement, movement and force. Finally, we have concluded:“Architectural design should be adopted by regular plane designing rule，it should not be adopted by irregular plane designing rule；for the building structure which body is complex and irregular plane，the designer should install the seismic joint in the appropriate parts according to actual needs，make the irregular building structure into several regular unit structure which could resist the horizontal load.”
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Beckers, Ronald, Theo van der Voordt, and Geert Dewulf. "A conceptual framework to identify spatial implications of new ways of learning in higher education." Facilities 33, no. 1/2 (February 2, 2015): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-02-2013-0013.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the spatial implications of new learning theories and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in higher education. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of the literature, a theoretical framework has been developed that visualises the spatial implications of developments in higher education. To further explore spatial configurations that support changes in education, a comparative floor plan analysis was carried out at four Dutch institutes of higher education. Findings – The findings show that the traditional classroom space is progressively being replaced by a variety of learning settings to support contemporary learning activities. Practical implications – The research findings contribute to a better understanding of the alignment of learning space to the evolving needs that come from new ways of learning, supported by advanced ICT, and can be used to support space planning in higher education. Originality/value – This paper builds upon findings from different disciplines: Facilities Management and Corporate Real Estate Management (suitability of floor plans) and Theory of Education (the pedagogical approaches and pedagogical assumptions those floor plans convey).
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Waddell, Gene. "The First Monticello." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990142.
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Thomas Jefferson became an architect while designing the first Monticello. His first house is one of the best-documented pre-Revolutionary buildings in the United States, and his records reveal why he chose an unusual location, how he used design sources, why he changed his designs during construction, how far he executed his designs, and why he largely destroyed the house. He prepared a series of three basically different but closely related floor plans: the first square, the second rectangular, and the third cruciform. His initial landscape design was to reshape the top of a mountain into a truncated pyramid with terraces. He later redesigned the house for aesthetic, rather than political, reasons.
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Kahsay, Meseret T., Girma Bitsuamlak, and Fitsum Tariku. "Numerical analysis of convective heat transfer coefficient for building facades." Journal of Building Physics 42, no. 6 (August 3, 2018): 727–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259118791207.
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The latest architectural trends demand an extensive use of glazed curtain walls running from building floor to ceiling. While glazing poorly controls the heat flow, it is important for viewing, daylighting, and solar design features. In order to evaluate building energy consumption accurately, knowledge of convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) distribution over the façade of the building is important. In this article, high-resolution numerical simulations that use three-dimensional steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and energy equations are performed. Convective heat transfer coefficient values at the windward facade of five buildings, with rectangular floor plans, and heights of 3, 10, 15, 20–30 stories, have been produced. The influence of building height on CHTC distribution is investigated at Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.7 × 106 to 33 × 106, and a correlation equation as a function of building height and a reference wind velocity is developed. For example, as the height increases from 10.1 to 101 m in the study cases, the surface-averaged convective heat transfer coefficient on the windward façade increases by 55%. The high-resolution spatial distribution of convective heat transfer coefficient over façade of the tallest building indicates that the top-corner zone convective heat transfer coefficient values are higher by 24% and the base-center zone values are lower by 27% compared to the average CHTC value, implying the necessity for zonal treatment.
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Cho, H., A. Derebail, T. Hale, and R. A. Wysk. "A Formal Approach to Integrating Computer-Aided Process Planning and Shop Floor Control." Journal of Engineering for Industry 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901800.
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A formal approach for integrating Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP), and shop floor control for rotational components is presented in this paper. It is assumed that this approach will be implemented within the framework of a three level hierarchical CIM architecture that consists of the following levels in the hierarchy: shop floor, workstation and equipment (Joshi et al., 1991). Our approach to CAPP consists of machining feature identification, definition, classification, representation, and reasoning, provided through a CAD model of a product. Geometric entities are identified from a Drawing Exchange Format (DXF) file. The identified entities form the basis for the construction of primitive manufacturing features. The primitive features are assembled together based upon the precedence among features, into a graph, called a feature graph. However, the primitive features may or may not be manufacturable in terms of depth of cut, tool geometry, surface finish, and material handling required. Hence it is necessary to convert the feature graph into a manufacturing task graph, which consists of specifications of alternative functional tasks that are manufacturable. The task graph may be converted into a hierarchical set of process plans, based on the planning criteria at each level in the control hierachy, to reflect the processing requirements at each level. The shop planning function decomposes the task graph into a set of workstation level plans. Each workstation level plan is aggregated into a set of equipment level process plans by the workstation planning function. The equipment level plan is converted into a unique task sequence by the equipment planning function. This sequence is then executed according to specifications by the equipment level execution function. Provision of alternative routes in process plans provides for flexible means of on-line planning and control.
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Nevzat, Meltem Zehra, and Cemil Atakara. "A Contemporary Connection to Historic Buildings Through Transparency and Reusability." Open House International 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2015-b0009.
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From the 19th century onwards, glass has been used intensively in buildings. During the design process, the importance of aesthetics is very common for architects in general. The application of glass walls as part of the building’s structure has given flexibility in design together with transparency as well as aesthetics. Structural glass systems have been used in different building types for example office, residential, educational, commercial, transportation, cultural … Beyond the high - rise and high - tech buildings, structural glass systems have been applied also to historic buildings during their conservation process. The adaption of the structural glass system and the opportunity to reuse the existing building are other important aspects to be discussed. In this article, the literature review will be formed with a brief explanation of transparency in contemporary architecture, structural glass systems focusing on ‘suspended glass systems with pre-stressed cable trusses’ (SGSPCT) which has three application methods; 1) between floor systems 2) independent body systems 3) distance bridging systems and the reusability of existing buildings. The ‘between floor system’ which is commonly used as a contemporary solution technique for historic buildings together with its effects, will also be analysed with the help of a case study, Esma Sultan Mansion. This historic building’s present glass structure will be studied to create an alternative proposal less dependent to the existing building. Another case study will be the Ballapais Abbey. Part of this gothic building (the common room) that has collapsed in the past will be analysed. An independent glass structured annex designed with SGSPCT will be proposed giving joint details of the adaptation to the existing building. This case of study is a literature analysis based on books, internet resources, articles and architectural drawings, like plans, sections and details related to the buildings. Both case studies will be proposing an alternative glass structured annex that is focusing on gained transparency and reusability in respect to the existing historic building.
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Voříšek, Jan, Bořek Patzák, Edita Dvořáková, and Daniel Rypl. "AUTOMATED BIM ENTITY RECONSTRUCTION FROM UNSTRUCTURED 3D POINTCLOUDS." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 30 (April 22, 2021): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2021.30.0126.
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Laser scanning is used widely in architecture and construction to document existing buildings by providing accurate data for creating a 3D model. The output is a set of data points in space, so-called point cloud. While point clouds can be directly rendered and inspected, they do not hold any semantics. Typically, engineers manually obtain floor plans, structural models, or the whole BIM model, which is a very time-consuming task for large building projects. In this contribution, we present the design and concept of a PointCloud2BIM library [1]. It provides a set of algorithms for automated or user assisted detection of fundamental entities from scanned point cloud data sets, such as floors, rooms, walls, and openings, and identification of the mutual relationships between them. The entity detection is based on a reasonable degree of human interaction (i.e., expected wall thickness). The results reside in a platform-agnostic JSON database allowing future integration into any existing BIM software.
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López, Oscar A., and Elizabeth Raven. "An Overall Evaluation of Irregular-Floor-Plan—Shaped Buildings Located in Seismic Areas." Earthquake Spectra 15, no. 1 (February 1999): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586031.
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This paper aims to identify and analyze the advantages and disadvantages associated with building plan shape considering engineering and architectural needs and to quantify them in terms of the common language of costs and benefits. Parameters that measure the overall seismic response of a given plan shape were defined. Seismic behavior of the irregular shapes can be improved by means of special engineering efforts that provide enough in-plane slab stiffness and a distribution of lateral stiffness and strength so that torsion and distortion can be minimized. The proposed procedure of integral evaluation of buildings was applied to two specific examples, one regular and one irregular building, both with similar characteristics. The irregular building was seismically adequate by means of several dynamic analyses and a careful structural design so that it reached an acceptable level of seismic performance. For this example, the irregular building offers long-term benefits that exceed the initial investment required to improve its seismic behavior.
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Lu, Yi, Zhonghua Gou, Yu Ye, and Qiang Sheng. "Three-dimensional visibility graph analysis and its application." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 5 (November 3, 2017): 948–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317739893.
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Graph-based visibility analysis, developed from space syntax and social network theory, embraces mutual visibility between locations in a spatial system. It helps designers and researchers to decode spatial cognition and behavior, but methodological constraints limit its application to two-dimensional floor plans. In this study, we propose a new visibility graph analysis that can be used in three-dimensional built environments, such as multilevel atrium buildings or urban environments with canopies or overpass bridges. Furthermore, we draw a distinction between a generic visibility graph and a targeted visibility graph. In the former, an occupiable location is considered as both the origin and target of visibility lines. In the latter, we further take into account the visible space or specific targets in a system. Visible locations are spaces people can see but cannot necessarily physically occupy. With this differentiation, the visibility graph system is more amenable to new applications in three-dimensional architectural and urban design while retaining a mapping back to the original two-dimensional visibility graph method through the generic visibility graph. Four examples illustrate the application of the proposed visibility graph analysis in complex three-dimensional building and urban environments.
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Ferreira Silva, Marielle, Laddu Bhagya Jayasinghe, Daniele Waldmann, and Florian Hertweck. "Recyclable Architecture: Prefabricated and Recyclable Typologies." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041342.
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Buildings are being demolished without taking into the account the waste generated, and the housing shortage problem is getting more critical as cities are growing and the demand for built space and the use of resources are increasing. Architectural projects have been using prefabrication and modular systems to solve these problems. However, there is an absence of structures that can be disassembled and reused when the structure’s life ran its course. This paper presents three building prototypes of new recyclable architectural typologies: (i) a Slab prototype designed as a shelf structure where wooden housing modules can be plugged in and out, (ii) a Tower prototype allowing for an easy change of layout and use of different floors and (iii) a Demountable prototype characterized by the entire demountability of the building. These typologies combine modularity, flexibility, and disassembling to address the increasing demands for multi-use, re-usable and resource-efficient constructions. Design, drawings, plans, and 3D models are developed, tested and analyzed as a part of the research. The results show that the implementation of the recyclable architectural concept at the first design stage is feasible and realistic, and ensures the adaptation through time, increases life span, usability and the material reusability, while avoiding demolition, which in turn reduces the construction waste and, consequently, the CO2 emissions.
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Danielisz, Dóra. "Spatial Formation in 16-19th Century Calvinist Church Architecture: The Calvinist Churches of Sepsiszék." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 48, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.10608.
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One of the less-known and less researched regions of the Carpathian Basin is Sepsiszék, which as part of Háromszék County, was one of Greater Hungary’s southeastern frontier-guard areas. After the Reformation, the population of the region became almost exclusively the followers of one of the Protestant tendencies with Calvinism gathering the most members. Due to the location of the area, Sepsiszék and its vicinity – the former territory of the county - is home to Europe’s easternmost Protestant communities to this day. Thanks to the unique cultural, religious and social environment, the unique development of local church designs notably enriches the history of Protestant religious architecture.The survey documentation of the area’s 32 Calvinist churches along with the schematic analysis of architectural history was carried out during the summer of 2015. The central question of the research was how did the assessed churches accommodate the spatial demands of the new liturgy, and what tendencies can be identified regarding the shaping of the space. The interior layout, galleries, additions to the buildings, the proportions in the floor plans and spatial ratios will be the topics through which these questions will be answered. After tracing the locally observable main characteristics of Protestant spatial formation, similarities with Hungarian and international examples will also be explored.
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Kramarovsky, Mark G., and Emil I. Seydaliev. "A Türbe of the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century in Solkhat (new materials)." Golden Horde Review 8, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 714–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2020-8-4.714-736.
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Research objectives: To present data about a newly discovered architectural monument of the Golden Horde’s Solkhat/Krym. Research materials: As the result of excavations of the medieval settlement of Solkhat in 2018–2019, we have revealed an unknown archaeological object – a türbe (mausoleum) belonging to the Islamic community of the town. The research materials contain architectural measurements and plans, a description and analysis of the burial structures, along with data on coins and other finds, including female jewelry found in one of the burials. Results and novelty of the research: During archaeological surveys in 2018 in the southeastern part of the Golden Horde’s Solkhat, not far from the modern reservoir, a new archaeological object was discovered and identified as a medieval Muslim mausoleum (türbe). As a result of the 2018–2019 excavations, it was found that it is a ruined structure, preserved at the level of the lower rows of the foundation. The plan of the mausoleum is based on a rectangle oriented to the cardinal directions. The structure consists of two parts – the southern which is the entrance and the northern which contains the actual tombs (gurkhan). In the northern part of the türbe at the floor level, two burial underground chambers were discovered: burial 1, constructed of square Golden Horde bricks, and burial 2, constructed of rubble stones. The first female burial contained fragments of architectural details and a pair of golden earrings with a translucent sub-square inlay. The design features of the earrings indicate a style distinctive to Central Asia and China. The gender of the buried individual is confirmed by anthropological analysis. The second burial is a collective one, with bone remains of at least three individuals, two of them being males. According to the numismatic finds, the mausoleum dates to the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century. The presence of female jewelry among the funeral inventory of burial 1 formally contradicts the traditions of Islamic funeral rites. Apparently, gold earrings, marking the social status of the deceased (among other details of clothing that have not reached us), indicate the persistent preservation of traces of steppe traditions.
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Gravina da Rocha, Cecilia, Hana B. C. El Ghoz, and Sidnei Jr Guadanhim. "A model for implementing product modularity in buildings design." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 3 (October 17, 2019): 680–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-02-2019-0096.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the fundamental underpinnings of product modularity and how these can be adapted to construction and its specificities (e.g. one-off products delivered by temporary supply chains) to create a model to design modular buildings. Design/methodology/approach This research adopts a design science research approach. Explanation I (substantive theory devising based on the analysis of an artefact ‒ a low-income housing project) is used, followed by Solution Incubation (a model to implement product modularity in buildings design). Findings The model allows product modularity to be implemented at distinct levels (i.e. building, systems and components) at a single stage (building design), different from manufacturing where each level is considered at a distinct stage. This is in line with the project investigated: modularity was considered for house layouts, roof types and gable formats. Practical implications The model provides a hands-on tool for practitioners to design modular buildings. The low-income project is also extensively detailed: three-dimensional models, floor plans and conceptual diagrams (outlining how fundamental underpinnings were applied at each level) are presented. There is a lack of comprehensive accounts such as the one presented here to demonstrate the application of product modularity in real-world projects. Originality/value This paper identifies and adapts the fundamental underpinnings of product modularity to construction, and it details how these were applied to a low-income housing design at distinct levels. Based on these two endeavours, a model to implement product modularity in buildings design is proposed.
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Ayoosu, Moses Iorakaa, Yaik-Wah Lim, Pau Chung Leng, and Olusegun Moses Idowu. "Daylighting Evaluation and Optimisation of Window to Wall Ratio for Lecture Theatre in the Tropical Climate." Journal of Daylighting 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2021.2.
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A base case model is a more potent dose for applied research; the passive architectural design for sustainability requires optimised experiments. However, experimenting with physical developments require construction and deconstruction until they achieved the optimal scenario. These wastes resources and time; hence, base models' development as useful instruments in the optimisation design process is desirable. Lecture theatres in universities have no specific design model whereby optimising one may not apply to the other. Therefore, this research evaluated a base model for lecture theatre regarding spatial configuration, daylighting potentials, and optimised window-to-wall ratio (WWR) for tropical daylighting. A study of ten existing lecture theatres in eight universities within eight states in Nigeria's hot-humid climate was analysed descriptively for the base model. The study employed Simulations with IES-VE software. The daylighting performance analysis adopted the daylighting rule of thumb, daylight factor, work plane illuminance (WPI), and WPI ratio. The results show that a typical lecture theatre in the study area has a dimensional configuration of 12×20 m floor plan, 6 m ceiling height, and a window wall ratio (WWR) of 13%. In the deduced base model, 4H was required for adequate daylighting against the thumb's 2.5 H daylighting rule. The research concludes a low window-wall ratio with poor daylighting quality and quantities in the base model; therefore, it implies that the daylighting was not a criterion in the designs. However, the experiment revealed a progression in daylighting performance with an increase in WWR from the base case until 30% WWR. Beyond that, there was a decline in the daylighting performance. Therefore, 30% WWR was optimal for daylighting performance in lecture theatre retrofitting within the tropical climate.
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Catal, Cagatay, Akhan Akbulut, Berkay Tunali, Erol Ulug, and Eren Ozturk. "Evaluation of augmented reality technology for the design of an evacuation training game." Virtual Reality 24, no. 3 (November 21, 2019): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10055-019-00410-z.
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AbstractBuilding evacuation training systems and training employees in an organization have a vital role in emergency cases in which people need to know what to do exactly. In every building, procedures, rules, and actions are attractively shown on the walls, but most of the people living in that building are not aware of these procedures and do not have any experience what to do in these dangerous situations. In order to be able to apply these procedures properly in an emergency situation, community members should be trained with the state-of-the-art equipment and technologies, but to do so, up-front investment and development of such a system are necessary. In this study, augmented reality (AR) technology was applied to realize a game-based evacuation training system that implements gamification practices. The architectural plans of a university were used to model the floors and the relevant environment. Employees are trained to learn how to reach the nearest exit location in the event of a fire or earthquake, and also, the system provides the shortest path for the evacuation. In addition to these features, our training game has educational animations about the fire, chemical attack, and earthquake events. A mobile application was implemented to train employees working in the building and inform them to know how to escape in an emergency situation. The technology acceptance model and the related questionnaire form were applied, and the response of 36 participants was analyzed. It was demonstrated that AR and relevant tools provide a flexible environment to develop evacuation systems in a university, our mobile application enabled participants to be trained in a realistic environment, and trainees were highly satisfied with the system. Educational animations were also another benefit for the trainees.
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Mohd Razali, Noorul Huda, and Anuar Talib. "The Privacy Aspects in the Malay Dwelling." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 11 (May 20, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.111.
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The Malay dwelling (MD) in Melaka demonstrated the Malay cultural norms, religious beliefs and the basic requirements of privacy in Islam. Privacy needs of the family members and the non-mahram visitor is determinant for designing the space planning in MD. Different types of dwelling size were selected in order to investigate the concept of privacy. Research methodology was designed on occupant observation, layout plan measurement and in-depth interviews. The results affect the privacy provisions and behaviors of MD occupants. Moreover, these findings assist to produce new design recommendations of layout plans, to achieve the privacy level from Islamic perspective.Keywords: Privacy; Malay dwelling; floor space planning; Islamic perspectives of privacyeISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.111
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Balachandran, M., and J. S. Gero. "Dimensioning of architectural floor plans under conflicting objectives." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 14, no. 1 (1987): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b140029.
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Bungsu, Ario, Triyanto Triyanto, and Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi. "The Cultural Messages of Pyramid House in Palembang." Catharsis 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/catharsis.v9i3.45644.
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Abstract
Pyramid House in Palembang is one of the works of art that is still very interesting to be researched today. The problem raised in this study aims to analyze the cultural message of the Pyramid House in Palembang. The method used is a qualitative method with a case study research design. The data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and document study. The results showed that in the manufacture of the Pyramid house, the main construction of traditional buildings used wood construction and a stilt system. The foundation used the construction of piles, the walls used boards, the roof used a leaf or shingle roof. The core parts consisted of the roof of the house, the door, the window, the stairs, and the floor of the house. In general, the typical architectural form of the Pyramid House, namely, the roof was shaped like a severed pyramid. Besides, the uniqueness of the house located in its multi-storey shape (kijing) and the walls were made of wood shaped like planks. Then related to the house name Pyramid, it contained two special meanings, namely, Five and Gold. The word five means the number five, while gold means the precious metal of great value. This is also a symbol of the function of the Pyramid house.
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Zuo, Jian, Bo Xia, Jake Barker, and Martin Skitmore. "Green buildings for greying people." Facilities 32, no. 7/8 (April 28, 2014): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-08-2011-0060.
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Purpose – This paper aims to identify the critical issues to be considered by developers and practitioners when embarking on their first green residential retirement project in Australia. With an increasingly ageing population and widespread acceptance of the need for sustainable development in Australia, the demand for green retirement villages is increasing. Design/methodology/approach – In view of the lack of adequate historical data for quantitative analysis, a case study approach is used to examine the successful delivery of green retirement villages. Face-to-face interviews and document analyses were conducted for data collection. Findings – The findings of the study indicate that one of the major obstacles to the provision of affordable green retirement villages is the higher initial costs involved. However, positive aspects were identified, the most significant of which relate to the innovative design of site and floor plans; adoption of thermally efficient building materials; orientation of windows; installation of water harvesting and recycling systems, water conservation fittings and appliances; and waste management during the construction stage. With the adoption of these measures, it is believed that sustainable retirement development can be achieved without significant additional capital costs. Practical implications – The research findings serve as a guide for developers in decision-making throughout the project life-cycle when introducing green features into the provision of affordable retirement accommodation. Originality/value – This paper provides insights into the means by which affordable green residential retirement projects for aged people can be successfully completed.
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Rodrigues, Eugénio, David Sousa-Rodrigues, Mafalda Teixeira de Sampayo, Adélio Rodrigues Gaspar, Álvaro Gomes, and Carlos Henggeler Antunes. "Clustering of architectural floor plans: A comparison of shape representations." Automation in Construction 80 (August 2017): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.03.017.
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Ahmed, Sheraz, Markus Weber, Marcus Liwicki, Christoph Langenhan, Andreas Dengel, and Frank Petzold. "Automatic analysis and sketch-based retrieval of architectural floor plans." Pattern Recognition Letters 35 (January 2014): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2013.04.005.
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Sato, Yusuke, and Kiyoshi Shingu. "Characteristics Analysis of Two-Dimensional Configuration Using Modified Box-Count Method." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 9, no. 3 (May 20, 2005): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2005.p0337.
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An architectural floor plan includes elements that determine movement of people within the architectural space and that play an important role in relating people and architecture. Especially since modern times, various shapes that deviate and escape from a floor plan by means of right-angled constitution have arisen and have been used as elements of architecture. Therefore, it is necessary to consider "a floor plan". We propose an index that classifies floor plans from a person's view, analyzing them by the modified box-count method comparing results, and proposing consideration.
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Evangelou, Iordanis, Michalis Savelonas, and Georgios Papaioannou. "PU learning-based recognition of structural elements in architectural floor plans." Multimedia Tools and Applications 80, no. 9 (January 14, 2021): 13235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10295-9.
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Özmen, Cengiz. "Reconciling Architectural Design with Seismic Codes." Prostor 29, no. 1 (61) (June 30, 2021): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.29.1(61).4.
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Seismic codes include strict requirements for the design and construction of mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings. These requirements call for the symmetric and regular arrangement of the structural system, increased cross-sections for columns, and the introduction of shear walls to counteract the effects of lateral seismic loads. It is challenging for architects to reconcile the demands of these codes with the spatial arrangement and commercial appeal of their designs. This study argues that such reconciliation is possible through an architectural analysis. First, the effectiveness of applying the seismic design principles required by the codes is demonstrated with the comparative analysis of two finite element models. Then three pairs of architectural models, representing the most common floor plan arrangements for such buildings in Turkey, are architecturally analyzed before and after the application of seismic design principles in terms of floor area and access to view. The results demonstrate that within the context defined by the methodology of this study, considerable seismic achievement can be achieved in mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings by the application of relatively few, basic design features by the architects.
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Park, Jin-Ho, and Lionel March. "Space architecture: Schindler's 1930 Braxton-Shore project." Architectural Research Quarterly 7, no. 1 (March 2003): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503001982.
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Rudolph Michael Schindler (1887–1953) designed a beach house for Henry Braxton and Viola Brothers Shore in 1930. The house was to have been sited on Ocean Front Walk, Venice, Los Angeles [1]. It was never built, but remains a paper project. In the architectural drawings archives at University of California, Santa Barbara, there are both sketch plans and detailed plans for four levels: the ground floor, the main floor, the balcony floor and the roof level. There are drawings for each of the four elevations as well as sections. Constructional details are provided on five sheets. All told there are 13 extant drawings. In his signature upper case, Schindler typed a brief written description of the house [Table 1].
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Carta, Silvio, Stephanie St. Loe, Tommaso Turchi, and Joel Simon. "Self-Organising Floor Plans in Care Homes." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 4393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114393.
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This paper presents and discusses an optimisation approach applied to spatial layouts in care home building design. With this study, we introduce a method for increasing the floor plan efficiency using a self-organising genetic algorithm, thus reducing energy consumption, improving the wellbeing of residents and having an implicit impact on the costs of energy and health care. In order to find an optimal spatial configuration, we elaborated and tested a number of design criteria based on existing literature reviews and interpreted through initial considerations of care home layouts. These are used as objectives in a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to evaluate the best design solution. The self-organised floor plan is then used to run a final simulation to observe how residents could use the optimised spaces and to measure the improved efficiency of the new plans. The paper concludes with the discussion of the results and some considerations for future studies and experiments using emergence behaviour models to improve sustainable development in design.
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Nisztuk, Maciej, and Paweł B. Myszkowski. "Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm applied to Automated Floor Plan Generation." International Journal of Architectural Computing 17, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): 260–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077119832982.
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The article presents the application of Hybrid Evolutionary and Greedy-based algorithms to the problem of Automated Floor Plan Generation. The described optimization issue is part of a wider domain of Computer-Aided Architectural Design. The article covers the extensive description of the representation domain model (architectural canonical guidelines, user design requirements and constraints) and the explanation of proposed approach: problem representation, genetic algorithm operators, and fitness function definition. The research experimental procedures are based on real-world data: the architectural design guidelines being the design constraints and five real-world functional programs introduced and proposed as benchmarks. The article summarizes the implementation of the proposed approach, compares the Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm experimental results with the Greedy-based algorithm, and suggests possible extensions and future research directions.
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Matusiak, Barbara Szybinska. "No-Greenery Line and Greenery-View Factor, New Architectural Design Tools." Journal of Daylighting 7, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2020.24.
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The paper proposes a new tool for evaluation of the degree of visual contact with the outdoor greenery, the Greenery-View factor (GV), intended to be easy to grasp and simple to use. It starts with the construction of a No-greenery line (similar to the No-sky line) on the vertical section of the building with the neighbouring greenery included. No-greenery line divides the space into a part with the view to the greenery and the rest of the room from which the greenery is not visible. To find out the part of the floor area of the room from which the greenery can be seen, the section-point between the no-greenery line and the line representing the eye-level is projected down at the floor plan. The GV factor stands for the part of the floor area with the view to the greenery expressed as a percentage of the whole floor area of the room. The No-sky line and the No-greenery line can be used together by architects and urban planners as extremely simple and powerful couple of graphical tools. The paper discusses also how the GV factor could be implemented in the new European daylight standard EN-17037 Daylight in buildings (2018).
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Chung, J., and J. M. A. Tanchoco. "Layout design with hexagonal floor plans and material flow patterns." International Journal of Production Research 48, no. 12 (May 13, 2009): 3407–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540902810510.
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Wickramasinghe, Vathsala, and G. L. D. Wickramasinghe. "Variable pay and job performance of shop-floor workers in lean production." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 27, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 287–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-12-2014-0130.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate design features of variable pay plans adopted for shop-floor workers engaged in manufacturing firms that had implemented lean production systems, and the effects of design features on their job performance. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 892 shop-floor workers attached to lean implemented manufacturing firms in Sri Lanka responded for the study. Structural equation modelling was used for the data analysis. Findings – It was found that the performance evaluation-base for variable payments, variable pay calculation-base and goal setting for variable pay significantly predict job performance of the shop-floor workers. Originality/value – It could be expected that the academics and practitioners alike are motivated by their desire to clearly apprehend the contribution of variable pay plans on job performance of the shop-floor workers engaged in lean production systems. This demands more investigations to better understand the design features of variable pay plans.
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Grzesiak-Kopeć, Katarzyna, Barbara Strug, and Grażyna Ślusarczyk. "Evolutionary Methods in House Floor Plan Design." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 5, 2021): 8229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178229.
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In this paper, an evolutionary technique is proposed as a method for generating new design solutions for the floor layout problem. The genotypes are represented by the vectors of numerical values of points representing endpoints of room walls. Equivalents of genetic operators for such a representation are proposed. A case study of the design problem of one-story houses is presented from the initial requirements to the best solutions. An evaluation method using requirement-weighted fitness function for evolved plans is also proposed. The obtained results as well as the advantages and issues related to such an approach are also discussed.
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Babacan, K., J. Jung, A. Wichmann, B. A. Jahromi, M. Shahbazi, G. Sohn, and M. Kada. "TOWARDS OBJECT DRIVEN FLOOR PLAN EXTRACTION FROM LASER POINT CLOUD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-3-2016.
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During the last years, the demand for indoor models has increased for various purposes. As a provisional step to proceed towards higher dimensional indoor models, powerful and flexible floor plans can be utilised. Therefore, several methods have been proposed that provide automatically generated floor plans from laser point clouds. The prevailing methodology seeks to attain semantic enhancement of a model (e.g. the identification and labelling of its components) built upon already reconstructed (a priori) geometry. In contrast, this paper demonstrates preliminary research on the possibility to directly incorporate semantic knowledge, which is itself derived from the raw data during the extraction, into the geometric modelling process. In this regard, we propose a new method to automatically extract floor plans from raw point clouds. It is based on a hierarchical space partitioning of the data, integrated with primitive selection actuated by object detection. First, planar primitives corresponding to vertical architectural structures are extracted using M-estimator SAmple and Consensus (MSAC). The set of the resulting line segments are refined by a selection process through a novel door detection algorithm, considering optimization of prior information and fitness to the data. The selected lines are used as hyperlines to partition the space into enclosed areas. Finally, a floor plan is extracted from these partitions by Minimum Description Length (MDL) hypothesis ranking. The algorithm is applied on a real mobile laser scanner dataset and the results are evaluated both in terms of door detection and consecutive floor plan extraction.
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Babacan, K., J. Jung, A. Wichmann, B. A. Jahromi, M. Shahbazi, G. Sohn, and M. Kada. "TOWARDS OBJECT DRIVEN FLOOR PLAN EXTRACTION FROM LASER POINT CLOUD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-3-2016.
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During the last years, the demand for indoor models has increased for various purposes. As a provisional step to proceed towards higher dimensional indoor models, powerful and flexible floor plans can be utilised. Therefore, several methods have been proposed that provide automatically generated floor plans from laser point clouds. The prevailing methodology seeks to attain semantic enhancement of a model (e.g. the identification and labelling of its components) built upon already reconstructed (a priori) geometry. In contrast, this paper demonstrates preliminary research on the possibility to directly incorporate semantic knowledge, which is itself derived from the raw data during the extraction, into the geometric modelling process. In this regard, we propose a new method to automatically extract floor plans from raw point clouds. It is based on a hierarchical space partitioning of the data, integrated with primitive selection actuated by object detection. First, planar primitives corresponding to vertical architectural structures are extracted using M-estimator SAmple and Consensus (MSAC). The set of the resulting line segments are refined by a selection process through a novel door detection algorithm, considering optimization of prior information and fitness to the data. The selected lines are used as hyperlines to partition the space into enclosed areas. Finally, a floor plan is extracted from these partitions by Minimum Description Length (MDL) hypothesis ranking. The algorithm is applied on a real mobile laser scanner dataset and the results are evaluated both in terms of door detection and consecutive floor plan extraction.
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Mura, Claudio, Renato Pajarola, Konrad Schindler, and Niloy Mitra. "Walk2Map : Extracting Floor Plans from Indoor Walk Trajectories." Computer Graphics Forum 40, no. 2 (May 2021): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.142640.
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Chondamrongkul, Nacha, Jing Sun, and Ian Warren. "Software Architectural Migration." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 30, no. 4 (July 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3461011.
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Software architectural designs are usually changed over time to support emerging technologies and to adhere to new principles. Architectural migration is an important activity that helps to transform the architectural styles applied during a system’s design with the result of modernising the system. If not performed correctly, this process could lead to potential system failures. This article presents an automated approach to refactoring architectural design and to planning the evolution process. With our solution, the architectural design can be refactored, ensuring that system functionality is preserved. Furthermore, the architectural migration process allows the system to be safely and incrementally transformed. We have evaluated our approach with five real-world software applications. The results prove the effectiveness of our approach and identify factors that impact the performance of architectural verification and migration planning. An interesting finding is that planning algorithms generate migration plans that differ in term of their relative efficiency.