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1
Garnock-Jones, P. J., and I. Breitwieser. "New Zealand floras and systematic botany: Progress and prospects." Australian Systematic Botany 11, no. 2 (1998): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97008.
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Botanists have produced vascular plant Floras of New Zealand at regular intervals since 1775. The current tracheophyte Flora series is nearing completion, but early volumes already need major revision. There are few Flora treatments covering algae and fungi. Moss and liverwort Floras are in early stages, while the Lichen Flora is now under revision. Current research attention is focused on revisions of critical groups, phylogenetic studies to investigate generic circumscriptions or family placements, and provision of new tools for plant identification. Plans are under way to produce an Excursion Flora.
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Mapes, Gene, and Robert A. Gastaldo. "Late Paleozoic Non-Peat Accumulating Floras." Notes for a Short Course: Studies in Geology 15 (1986): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0271164800001366.
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Upland floras (Chaloner, 1958), clastic substrate inhabitors (Dimichele et al., 1985), extrabasinal floras (Pfefferkorn, 1980), dryland floras (Havlena, 1960), seamforming Flöznahe and more distant Flözfremde (Daber, 1959; Havlena, 1961) mesophilous and xerophilous floras (Havlena, 1971), Callipteris-Walchia assemblage (Gothan and Gimm, 1930; Gothan and Remy, 1957), Megalopteris-Cordaites assemblage (Cross, 1977; Leary, 1981; Read and Mamay, 1964), Gigantopteris flora and Callipteris flora (Read and Mamay, 1964), early Permian floras (White, 1934), roof nodule floras (Stopes and Watson, 1907), the Mesophytic flora (Frederiksen, 1972), and “Permian” aspect (Elias, 1936a,b), are some of the terms that have been devised in recognition of the observation that many Late Paleozoic plant communities did not form coal swamp peats and their vegetational composition changed in response to global tectonism. The peat swamps clearly changed floral composition through time (Phillips, et al., 1974; Phillips, 1981; Dapples and Hopkins, 1969), but can be reasonably easily characterized, because “coal” swamp plants were commonly deposited in situ, or very near their sites of growth.
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BYNG, JAMES W. "Review of East African Plant Collectors." Phytotaxa 234, no. 1 (November 11, 2015): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.10.
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The Flora of Tropical East Africa, covering Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania, was one of the largest regional floras ever compiled, with over 12,000 wild plant species and taking 64 years to complete. The East African Plant Collectors is the perfect supplement to this great flora and is a wonderful compendium of botanists, collectors and authors showing the human element of the flora - the people behind the herbarium specimens, the new species and combinations and the flora treatments. This book includes around 2,700 collectors that have collected herbarium specimens in the region arranged alphabetically. Each individual entry includes biographical data, including nationality, dates of birth and death, travels, publications, eponymy, publications and it lists the herbaria where specimens were deposited. The level of detail varies considerably from collector to collector with some briefly treated, whilst others are very detailed. For example, Bernard Verdcourt’s entry is lengthy and includes location details of his 30 years of fieldwork, publication details of the flora treatments he compiled (a remarkable one-fifth of the flora...) and even an anecdote about meeting a lion on Ndi Hill!
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Inelova, Z. A., M. U. Aitzhan, Y. G. Zaparina, and G. K. Erubayeva. "PLANT BIODIVERSITY OF MONITORING POINTS V.AMANGELDY ALMATY REGION." Series of biological and medical 2, no. 338 (April 15, 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/10.32014/2020.2519-1629.12.
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The article provides a systematic analysis of the species composition of plants of the flora of v. Amangeldy, Almaty region. The comprehensive study of regional floras is becoming increasingly important in connection with the implementation of the solution to the problem of studying and preserving biological diversity. Complete information about the composition of the flora of a territory is of great theoretical importance, it allows establishing the structure and Genesis of its components, to identify individual characteristics, to restore the history of formation and trends. This ultimately is the basis of rational use of plant resources and protection of rare and endangered plants, as well as to solve many important economic problems - identifying new sources and resources of medicinal, food, fodder, ornamental and other plants. One of the main characteristics of any flora is its systematic structure, namely the ratio of families, genera and species, on the one hand, and the quantitative indicators of these taxa that determine its wealth, on the other. These indicators are components of a systematic analysis of flora in general and coenoflora in particular, the data obtained using such analysis are important material for comparative floristry. From this point of view, the systematic structure of the flora acquires the significance of one of the essential indicators that characterize the flora in the regional plan. The study of the species composition of the flora is of great importance both for understanding the history of flora and landscapes of the region as a whole, and for finding ways to conserve and use biodiversity under conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure. Research was carried out by route-reconnaissance method in combination with a detailed study of experimental sites. In the study area – V. Amangeldy was first identified: 112 species from 88 genera and 29 families, with the dominance of the families Asteraceae (24 species or 21.4 %, 17 genera), Rosaceae (15 species or 13.39%, 11 genera), Brassicaceae (11 species, or 9.82 %, 9 genera) from Dicotyledons, and Poaceae (11 genera, 12 species, or 10.71 %) from Monocotyledonous plants. The dominant families account for 62 species, which is 55.36 % of the total number of plant species growing in this territory. Leading genera Artemisia, Potentilla and Rumex. On the territory of the study, 33 forage plant species were identified: Bromus inermis (Leyss.) Holub., Rumex confertus Willd., Trifolium pratense L., Poa bulbosa L., etc. In connection with the degradation of the vegetation cover number of weed plants was 75 species, among which are: Rumex crispus L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Cannabis ruderalis Janisch., Lathyrus tuberosus L. and other. Endemic and rare species were not found. The results of the research will serve as a basis for the rational use of the flora of Amangeldy village in Almaty region, as well as for the conservation of biodiversity. Obtained as a result of a systematic analysis of the flora of Amangeldy, it will help to identify the centers of endemism and relict, as well as to solve the issues of the place and role of this flora in a number of other adjacent floras.
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Pigg, Kathleen B., and Melanie L. DeVore. "A review of the plants of the Princeton chert (Eocene, British Columbia, Canada)." Botany 94, no. 9 (September 2016): 661–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0079.
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The Princeton chert is one of the most completely studied permineralized floras of the Paleogene. Remains of over 30 plant taxa have been described in detail, along with a diverse assemblage of fungi that document a variety of ecological interactions with plants. As a flora of the Okanagan Highlands, the Princeton chert plants are an assemblage of higher elevation taxa of the latest early to earliest middle Eocene, with some components similar to those in the related compression floras. However, like the well-known floras of Clarno, Appian Way, the London Clay, and Messel, the Princeton chert provides an additional dimension of internal structure. In the present study, we outline the history of Princeton chert plant research, starting with Boneham and others, and extending into studies by Stockey and her students and colleagues. These studies were undertaken primarily at the University of Alberta, Edmonton. We then re-examine the individual elements of the Princeton chert flora, using the framework of the currently recognized Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III) phylogeny and in light of recent fossil discoveries. We hope that this update will bring to mind new aspects of the significance of the Princeton chert flora to Paleogene paleobiology, biogeography, and plant evolution.
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Miller, Chuck, and William Ulate. "Descriptive Data Challenges for the World Flora Online." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 17, 2018): e26731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26731.
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The World Flora Online (WFO) is primarily a data management project initiated in 2012 in response to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation – "To create an online flora of all known plants by 2020". A WFO Consortium has been formed of now 42 international partners with a governing Council and three Working Groups. The World Flora Online Public Portal (www.worldfloraonline.org) was launched at the International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China in July, 2017. The baseline Public Portal was primarily populated with a taxonomic backbone of information gathered from The Plant List augmented by newer taxonomic sources like Solanaceae Source. To support all known plant names in the WFO. including both vascular and non-vascular plants, new WFO identifiers (WFOIDs) were created, which were also cross-referenced to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) identifiers for plant names included there. The next phase of the World Flora Online involves additional enhancement of the taxonomic backbone by engagement of new plant Taxonomic Expert Networks (TENs) and acceleration of ingestion of descriptive data from digital floras and monographs, and other sources like International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threat assessments and the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) Global Tree Assessment. Descriptive data can be text descriptions, images, geographic distributions, identification keys, phylogenetic trees, as well as atomized trait data like threat status, lifeform or habitat. Initial digital descriptive datasets have been received by WFO from Flora of Brazil, Flora of South Africa, Flora of China, Flora of North Africa, Solanaceae Source and several others. The hard work is underway to match the names associated with the submitted descriptions to the names and WFOIDs in the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone and then merging the descriptive data elements into the WFO database. Numerous data tools have been adopted and created to accomplish the data cleaning, standardization and transformation required before descriptive data can be integrated. The WFO project has discovered many variations between just the few datasets received so far, which highlights the need for better standardization and controlled vocabularies for flora and monographic descriptive data. This presentation will review some of the issues identified by the project when merging descriptive data and some potential gaps in the TDWG standards specifically for flora descriptive data. Some opportunities for consideration by the TDWG Species Information Interest Group will be presented.
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Rex, Gillian M., and Andrew C. Scott. "The sedimentology, palaeoecology and preservation of the Lower Carboniferous plant deposits at Pettycur, Fife, Scotland." Geological Magazine 124, no. 1 (January 1987): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800015776.
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AbstractThe Lower Carboniferous (Asbian) sediments and volcanics of the Pettycur region in Fife, Scotland, yield several important anatomically preserved floras including that from the famous ‘Pettycur Limestone’. The plant fossils are preserved as calcareous permineralizations and fusain within limestone blocks which occur at the base of basaltic lava flows or within pyroclastic sequences. The geology and sedimentology of these plant deposits have been investigated, and it is demonstrated that a number of plant-bearing facies can be recognized which reflect different modes of transport, deposition and fossilization. Of these facies the ‘Pettycur Limestone’ is the most well known. The lithology is composed of a distinct assemblage dominated by lycopods and the pteridosperm, Heterangium. Other assemblages include a limestone dominated by zygopterid ferns which are frequently fusainized and the Kingswood Limestone which contains a completely different flora to that at Pettycur, being dominated by pteridosperms, other gymnosperms and the lycopod Oxroadia. Each sediment type is characterized by a distinct mineralization history of the plants reflecting different sites of fossilization.A hypothesis concerning the original ecology of the plant assemblages within the basaltic volcanic terrain is proposed. It is suggested that the Pettycur Limestone represents an established original peat within which the plants were permineralized. The zygopterid ferns occupied sites which were susceptible to wildfire and did not establish long-lived peat-forming communities. The Kingswood flora was established in a region where plants were prone to fire and then subsequently transported into an area of limestone deposition along with unburnt plant fragments. This flora was separated by space and/or time from the Pettycur floras. Lakes developed on lava surfaces and provided sites of fossilization for plant fragments as compressions.
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JIJINA, ANTHONY P., ELLEN D. CURRANO, and KURT CONSTENIUS. "THE PALEOBOTANY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF THE EOCENE HERREN BEDS OF NORTH-CENTRAL OREGON, USA." PALAIOS 34, no. 9 (September 20, 2019): 424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2019.014.
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ABSTRACT New collections of plant macrofossils and radiometric dates from the Herren beds of north-central Oregon provide the opportunity to document floral communities and calculate foliar-derived climate estimates from the warm early Eocene and the cooler middle Eocene. Plant macrofossils were collected from one fluvial site at East Birch Creek approximately 2 m below a 51.9 ± 0.9 Ma tuff. Collections were also made at two co-occurring fluvial sites at Arbuckle Mountain, whose ages are constrained to ca. 44.5–43.8 Ma based on a dated tuff from Willow Creek (44.5 ± 0.8 Ma) and reported ages for the overlying Clarno Formation. Floral findings show an almost complete vegetation overturn, with only two genera (Glyptostrobus and Allantodiopsis) appearing in both floras. Both floras are species poor, but the older East Birch Creek flora has higher richness and evenness than the younger Arbuckle Mountain flora. The four named genera at East Birch Creek are taxa found throughout Eocene North America; named genera at Arbuckle Mountain also include taxa restricted to the Pacific Northwest. Leaf margin analysis and leaf area analysis of the East Birch Creek community suggest a warmer and possibly wetter (mean annual temperature 23.4 ± 4.3 °C; mean annual precipitation 206 +89, -63 cm) climate than the Arbuckle Mountain flora (16.4 ± 4.2 °C; 165 +50, -71.4 cm). This research provides a framework for future research on Eocene floristic, environmental, and climatic trends of the Pacific Northwest.
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Pacyna, Grzegorz. "Plant remains from the Polish Triassic. Present knowledge and future prospects." Acta Palaeobotanica 54, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2014-0001.
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ABSTRACT The Triassic plant macrofossils of Poland are very poorly known. There are few Triassic rock exposures here, they contain very few plant specimens, there is little scientific interest in the subject, and the rare plant remains found in drill cores are of low stratigraphical significance. The Lower Triassic macroflora is surprisingly poorer taxonomically than coeval European floras, and only single specimens have been found. The flora of the Middle Triassic is even poorer as a result of the Muschelkalk sea transgression. Only the Upper Triassic floras contain many specimens and taxa. The Upper Triassic macrofloras from Polish territory are well known since the early 19th century. Pioneering descriptions of these floras were given by Goeppert and Raciborski. From the Polish Triassic, the seed fern Lepidopteris ottonis (index species for the Rhaetian stage) and Neocalamites lehmannianus (sphenopsid species typical of almost all European Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic floras) were described for the first time ever. In the 20th century only single specimens were described from outcrops and drill cores. Barbacka revised Lepidopteris ottonis specimens from old collections and described some new material. Palynological research on Triassic strata in Poland intensified from the 1970s on. That work has produced spore-pollen and megaspore zonations for Triassic strata in Poland, but the correlation of the dispersed spores and pollen grains with their parent plants is low. The Polish Triassic flora is comprised of ferns, lycopsids, sphenopsids, cycads, bennettitaleans, ginkgoaleans and conifers. This flora is taxonomically poorer than equally old and geographically close European floras. All available data about Polish Triassic plants fossils are critically summarised in this paper for the first time. The biostratigraphical and lithostratigraphical correlations of Polish Triassic floras with other European Triassic floras are outlined. New macrofloral assemblages for the Lower and Middle Triassic and macrofloral assemblage zones for the Upper Triassic are proposed for Poland. Recent new finds of taxonomically rich, abundant and well-preserved floras accompanying vertebrate remains in Silesia provide an opportunity for comprehensive research on Polish Triassic floras. This should improve our perception of their taxonomy and allow them to be described in evolutionary and palaeoecological contexts
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Jackson, Peter Wyse, and James S. Miller. "Developing a World Flora Online - a 2020 challenge to the world's botanists from the international community." Rodriguésia 66, no. 4 (2015): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566402.
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Abstract The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation of the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted as its first target in 2010 the preparation of "An online flora of all known plants" by 2020. This target was subsequently adopted by a broadly-based international consortium of botanical institutions that have committed themselves to undertaking this ambitious project. The preparation of a world flora will be the first modern and large-scale and comprehensive attempt to produce a comprehensive overview and baseline of knowledge on the world's plant diversity. This article outlines previous historic efforts to document the world's known flora. It also describes the ways in which the World Flora Online Consortium was created, how it is organized and its plans to compile diverse datasets available in digital formats into a single online portal available and open to all. Such data are being combined from geographical floristic accounts, such as the Flora of China, the Flora of North America and many other regional and national projects, together with relevant monographic treatments.
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Cronquist, Arthur, and V. H. Heywood. "Flora Europaea: Notulae Systematicae ad Floram Europaeam Spectantes." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 114, no. 3 (July 1987): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2996477.
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Sergienko, Liudmila. "Salt marsh flora and vegetation of the Russian Arctic coasts." Czech Polar Reports 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2013-1-6.
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The flora of open coasts and the estuaries of rivers is an important element of the Arctic flora and represents the littoral halophytic floristic complex. The salt marsh flora includes 113 species of vascular plants (12% of the total amount of Arctic flora), belonging to 62 families. Due to geographical conditions, the partial floras of coastal wetlands of the Russian Arctic have similar taxonomic and typological structure. In the geographical structure of flora-coenotic complex, the Arctic circumpolar species dominate. The Arctic coastlines are subjected to frequent disturbances associated with frost action, storms and ice pressure ridges that affect species richness and the ability of human populations to exploit coastal resources successfully. The dynamic changes of salt-marsh plant communities are site-specific: 1) in the initial stages, vegetation development mostly depends on the physical-chemical substrate properties and tidal action, 2) the spatial-temporal processes of successional change over a long time result in the environment development and changes in edaphic conditions. The time scale of these changes brought about by disturbances is biologically important as there must be sufficient time to allow genetic adaptation in plant and animal populations.
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Currano, Ellen D., Esther R. S. Pinheiro, Robert Buchwaldt, William C. Clyde, and Ian M. Miller. "Endemism in Wyoming plant and insect herbivore communities during the early Eocene hothouse." Paleobiology 45, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2019.18.
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AbstractThe warm, equable, and ice-free early Eocene Epoch permits investigation of ecosystem function and macro-ecological patterns during a very different climate regime than exists today. It also provides insight into what the future may entail, as anthropogenic CO2 release drives Earth toward a comparable hothouse condition. Studying plant–insect herbivore food webs during hothouse intervals is warranted, because these account for the majority of nonmicrobial terrestrial biodiversity. Here, we report new plant and insect herbivore damage census data from two floodplain sites in the Wind River Basin of central Wyoming, one in the Aycross Formation (50–48.25 Ma) at the basin edge (WRE) and the second in the Wind River Formation in the interior of the basin (WRI). The WRI site is in stratigraphic proximity to a volcanic ash that is newly dated to 52.416 ± 0.016/0.028/0.063 (2σ). We compare the Wind River Basin assemblages to published data from a 52.65 Ma floodplain flora in the neighboring Bighorn (BH) Basin and find that only 5.6% of plant taxa occur at all three sites and approximately 10% occur in both basins. The dissimilar floras support distinct suites of insect herbivores, as recorded by leaf damage. The relatively low-diversity BH flora has the highest diversity of insect damage, contrary to hypotheses that insect herbivore diversity tracks floral diversity. The distinctiveness of the WRE flora is likely due to its younger age and cooler reconstructed paleotemperature, but these factors are nearly identical for the WRI and BH floras. Site-specific microenvironmental factors that cannot be measured easily in deep time may account for these differences. Alternatively, the Owl Creek Mountains between the two basins may have provided a formidable barrier to the thermophilic organisms that inhabited the basin interiors, supporting Janzen's hypothesis that mountain passes appear higher in tropical environments.
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Popovic, Ivana, and Dragica Obratov-Petkovic. "Phyto-gegographycal analysis of Divcibare." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 91 (2005): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0591193p.
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The aim of phytogeographical analysis is to determine the plant species origin, genesis and migrations. The study results contribute to the knowledge of phytogeographical classification of the particular regions. Different chorions, by their effects, determine the flora structure and composition. The aim of the floristic research of Divcibare was to identify the diversity of flora in this region, i.e., in a wider sense, the diversity of flora in Serbia. Phytogeographical analysis was based on floristic research. The identified plant species were classified into the corresponding floral elements, area groups and area types. The data on diversity and the degree of representation in the flora of Divcibare were obtained based on the percentage of each area type. It was concluded that the flora of Divcibare has a transitional, Central European-Mediterranean-Pontic character.
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Guillot Ortiz, Daniel. "Ipomea nil (L.) Roth e I. Hederacea (L.) Jacquin, dos especies invasoras nuevas para la flora valenciana." Acta Botanica Malacitana 31 (December 1, 2006): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v31i31.7135.
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Panawong, Jirapong, Nattapong Kaewboonma, Wirapong Chansanam, Thepchai Supnithi, and Marut Buranarach. "Building an Ontology of Flora of Thailand for Developing Semantic Electronic Dictionary." Journal of Social Sciences Research, SPI6 (December 25, 2018): 1024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.1024.1032.
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Thailand is one of the tropical countries teeming with diverse flora and vegetation. The diverse vascular plants of Thailand with estimated number of no less than 10,000 species, have been recorded and published in continuation in the Flora of Thailand since 1970. Domain ontologies express conceptualization that are specific for particular domain and greatly useful in knowledge acquisition, sharing and analysis. In this paper, we propose a Thailand’s Flora Ontology (TFO) for developing semantic dictionary on the web to discover the flora knowledge for plant biologists across all disciplines of botany. A mixed methods was applied in organizing of the specification of conceptualizations on flora of Thailand using the domain analytic approach in order for developing an ontology. The TFO has been constructed by using HOZO ontology editor. The research methods included 1) Domain analysis for knowledge organization. 2) Ontology development. The results of classification of Thailand’s Flora based on concise encyclopedia of plants in Thailand, floral characteristics and area of distribution can be divided into 8 concepts including Plant_Information, Plant_Family, Plant_Genus, Plant_Habitat, Botany_Habit, Uses, Medicinal_Properties, and Floristic_Regions. In the next step, semantic electronic dictionary will be developed by using the TFO from this study.
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Khitun, Olga V. "Intralandscape differentiation of the local flora in the central part of the Gydansky Peninsula (West Siberian Arctic)." Czech Polar Reports 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2016-2-18.
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The paper aims to describe Russian approaches to inventory of vascular plants diversity in the Russian Arctic. In the study, the local flora method is used. It provides comparable data for spatial comparisons between different locations. The method includes the study of species distributions within a landscape, therefore the concept of “partial flora” was elaborated. A complex estimate “activeness” allows to assess a species role within the landscape. These theoretical concepts are applied at the local flora of a hardly accessible central part of the Gydansky Peninsula. The local flora numbers 191 vascular plant species. Altogether, 18 habitat types were distinguished with partial floras numbering from 15 to 75 species. The highest alfa-diversity was recorded on steep slopes, many rare species occurred there as well. These habitats occupied less than 10% of the area but provided almost 75% of local flora. Although the morphology of relief was better developed at this locality compare to the others at the Gydansky Peninsula, the intralandscape structure of flora is continuous, showing a low beta-diversity and high similarity of species composition between different habitats. It is explained by a high proportion of “active” species, which occur in many different habitat types. Along the zonal gradient within the Gydansky Peninsula, a decrease of species richness at local flora level was found but no change at partial floras level.
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Suzuki, Mitsuo, and Kazuo Terada. "Fossil Wood Flora from the Lower Miocene Yanagida Formation, Noto Peninsula, Central Japan." IAWA Journal 17, no. 4 (1996): 365–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000634.
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Silicified woods from the lower Miocene Yanagida Formation were collected from two sites, Mawaki and Uchiura, in the northeastern Noto Peninsula, central Japan. Among 80 specimens, 15 species representing 13 families were identified, including six new species: Torreya mioxyla (Taxaceae), Castanopsis uchiuraensis (Fagaceae), Camellia japonoxyla (Theaceae), Stewartia notoensis (Theaceae), Distylium chiharu-hirayae (Hamamelidaceae) and Aesculus mioxyla (Hippocastanaceae). The fossil wood floras from these two sites contain evergreen and deciduous dicotyledons and have a similar composition. These floras are compared to the fossil wood flora from Monzen and to the Daijima-type compression fossil flora. The composition of the fossil wood floras of Mawaki and Uchiura suggests they represent a mixed mesic forest of conifers, deciduous dicotyledons and evergreen dicotyledons.
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Pfeiffer, Tanja Žuna, Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić, Vanda Zahirović, Filip Stević, Milorad Zjalić, Katarina Kajan, Siniša Ozimec, and Melita Mihaljević. "Early Spring Flora of the Sub-Pannonic Steppic Grassland (NATURA 2000 Site) in Bilje, Northeast Croatia." Acta Botanica Croatica 75, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2016-0029.
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Abstract The diversity of early spring vascular flora was studied in the Sub-Pannonic steppic grassland in the village of Bilje, north eastern Croatia. In all, 109 plant taxa within 35 families were found. The highest number of taxa belongs to the families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae. Specific habitat conditions, characterized by moderately wet and moderately acidic soil with intermediate fertility and the effects of the continental climate favour the development of different plant life forms. Out of the total recorded plant taxa, hemicryptophytes make up 59.6%, followed by therophytes (22.0%) and geophytes (13.8%). Chorological analysis shows that the most numerous are plants of Eurasian (33.9%), Pontic-Central-Asian (21.1%) and Central European (21.1%) floral elements. According to their status in the Red List, three critically endangered (CR), one vulnerable (VU) and three nearly threatened (NT) plant species were found. Altogether, the steppe-like grassland in Bilje is a unique habitat rich in valuable plants of the Croatian flora, including the critically endangered Doronicum hungaricum, therefore it is of great importance to preserve it. Important management tools include mowing and controlling the spreading of cultivated and invasive plant species.
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Mirkin, B. M., V. B. Martynenko, and L. G. Naumova. "(A review) Victor V. Chepinoga. Flora and vegetation of waterbodies in Baikal Siberia. Irkutsk, 2015. 468 p." Vegetation of Russia, no. 29 (2016): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2016.29.117.
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The monograph presents the results of long-term studies of flora and vegetation of waterbodies (with standing and flowing water) in Baikal Siberia (Irkutsk Oblast, Republic of Buryatia. Zabaikalskii Krai). The hydrophilous flora of the region includes 380 vascular plant species. The distribution of plants is characterized by their occurrence in 46 units (regions) of the regional division. Taxonomical, geographical, karyolofloristic, ecological and biological analyses for the regional hydrophilous flora is performed. Vegetation diversity of waterbodies is described in tradition of floristic classification (Braun-Blanquet approach). For the studied region, 105 associations belonging to 5 classes are described based on more than 2600 relevés. Using original landscape approach in hydrobotany, the special heterogeneity of flora and vegetation is analyzed in the series of 7 "local hydrophylous floras" crossing Baikal Siberia from west to east. The heterogeneity is examined at 3 levels of spatial organization: microecotopes, mesoecotopes (waterbodies types) and landscape level.
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Luneva, N. N. "Weeds and weed flora as the basis for phytosanitary zoning (a review)." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 182, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2021-2-139-150.
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The concept of “the weed flora” is still associated with weedy plants within agricultural phytocenoses, despite the fact that its association with a wider range of secondary habitat types with disturbed vegetation and soil cover was discussed as early as in the first half of the last century. The study of this characteristic feature of weeds has been continued at the present time, which is reflected in the very concept of “the weed” adopted by the state standards. The structure of the weed flora includes groups of weedy plant species within both naturally and anthropogenically disturbed habitats, so such notions as “the segetal flora” or “synanthropic flora” do not fully reflect the composition of the weed flora. The formation of the weed flora was historically linked with the emergence and development of cultivated plants. A regional weed flora is composed of weed plant species, for which this or that region is suitable in terms of growing conditions. In the context of agriculture and plant protection, the elementary weed flora is the flora of an agricultural landscape or an agricultural ecosystem, as its component. Phytosanitary zoning for a set of weed species confined to a specific territory is carried out at the macro-, meso-, and microlevels. The criterion for identifying the levels of phytosanitary zoning is the weed flora of different territorial levels.
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Jurisic, Branislav, Dragica Obratov-Petkovic, Ivana Bjedov, Nenad Bojat, and Vladimir Stevanovic. "Phytogeographical analysis of vascular flora of Ravni Srem flood forests (Vojvodina, Serbia)." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 104 (2011): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1104041j.
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The aim of phytogeographical analysis was to determine the plant species origin, genesis and migrations. The study results contribute to the knowledge of phytogeographical classification of the particular regions. The flora structure and composition was determined based on the effects of different chorions. The aim of the floristic research of flood forests of Ravni Srem was to identify the diversity of flora in the region, i.e., in a wider sense, the diversity of flora in Serbia. The phytogeographical analysis was based on floristic research. The identified plant species were classified into the corresponding floral elements, area groups, and area types. The data on their diversity and the degree of representation in the flora of Ravni Srem flood forests were obtained based on the percentage of each area type. It was concluded that the character of the flora of Ravni Srem flood forests was transitional, mostly Eurasian-Central European.
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Lyons, Paul C., Michael A. Millay, Erwin L. Zodrow, Aureal T. Cross, and Kevin S. Gillis. "Discovery of permineralized plant fossils (coal balls) in the Bolsovian (e.g., Westphalian C) (Middle Pennsylvanian, Upper Carboniferous), Stellarton Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 1407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-153.
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Permineralized plant fossils (coal balls) of Bolsovian age (ex Westphalian C) were discovered in the Foord seam of the Stellarton Basin of Nova Scotia. The coal-ball plants were preserved in a siderite–dolomite matrix and formed in a nonmarine intermontane setting. The coal-ball flora is dominated by arborescent lycopods and contains a few ferns, as well as occasional seed ferns, calamiteans, and cordaiteans. The following taxa were identified: Diaphorodendron, Paralycopodites brevifolia, Lepidocarpon lomaxii, Stigmaria, Scolecopteris, Botryopteris tridentata, Medullosa, Heterangium, Astromyelon, and Cordaianthus. This assemblage contains plants typical of Westphalian coal-swamp floras and helps fill a stratigraphie gap in Westphalian coal-ball floras of Euramerica. Key words: permineralized plants, coal balls, Carboniferous, Canada.
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Johnson, Steven D. "The pollination niche and its role in the diversification and maintenance of the southern African flora." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1539 (February 12, 2010): 499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0243.
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The flora of southern Africa has exceptional species richness and endemism, making it an ideal system for studying the patterns and processes of evolutionary diversification. Using a wealth of recent case studies, I examine the evidence for pollinator-driven diversification in this flora. Pollination systems, which represent available niches for ecological diversification, are characterized in southern Africa by a high level of ecological and evolutionary specialization on the part of plants, and, in some cases, by pollinators as well. These systems are asymmetric, with entire plant guilds commonly specialized for a particular pollinator species or functional type, resulting in obvious convergent floral evolution among guild members. Identified modes of plant lineage diversification involving adaptation to pollinators in these guilds include (i) shifts between pollination systems, (ii) divergent use of the same pollinator, (iii) coevolution, (iv) trait tracking, and (v) floral mimicry of different model species. Microevolutionary studies confirm that pollinator shifts can be precipitated when a plant species encounters a novel pollinator fauna on its range margin, and macroevolutionary studies confirm frequent pollinator shifts associated with lineage diversification. As Darwin first noted, evolutionary specialization for particular pollinators, when resulting in ecological dependency, may increase the risk of plant extinction. I thus also consider the evidence that disturbance provokes pollination failure in some southern African plants with specialized pollination systems.
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Justić, Marta, Marija Bučar, Petra Vizec, Ana Vukres, and Vedran Šegota. "Vascular flora of Jelenovac Forest Park (Zagreb, Croatia)." Glasnik Hrvatskog botaničkog društva 8, no. 2 (2020): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46232/glashbod.8.2.1.
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A floristic study of Jelenovac Forest Park, located in Zagreb city centre, was conducted during the vegetation season of 2019. In total, 255 vascular plant taxa were recorded, divided into 75 plant families, of which Compositae (12.55%), Rosaceae (7.06%) and Poaceae (6.67%) are the most represented. The spectrum of life-forms indicates the dominance of hemicryptophytes (43.14%) and phanerophytes (27.45%). The chorological analysis shows a domination of Eurasian floral element (27.45%), followed by large share of widespread (22.35%) and cultivated and adventitious plants (18.04%). Only one threatened, three strictly protected and as many as 12 invasive plant taxa were found. Comparison of flora of Jelenovac with similar urban and suburban areas of Zagreb conglomeration yielded diverse results, but still reflecting the common biogeographical position and influence of temperate climate and indicating a comparatively high anthropogenic influence.
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Chakraborty, Pushan, Poulami Adhikary Mukherjee, Supratim Laha, and Salil Kumar Gupta. "The influence of floral traits on insect foraging behaviour on medicinal plants in an urban garden of eastern India." Journal of Tropical Ecology 37, no. 4 (July 2021): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467421000341.
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Abstract Understanding the pollination biology of medicinal plants and their important insect pollinators is necessary for their conservation. The present study explored the complex interactions between pollinator visitation and effect of floral traits on pollinator behaviour on seven medicinal plant species grown in an urban garden in West Bengal, an eastern Indian state. The observations revealed 30 morphospecies of insect flower visitors (Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera) that touched floral reproductive parts on the selected plants during visitation. Additionally, it was observed that floral traits (e.g., corolla length and corolla opening diameter) were important predictors of the behaviour of insects when visiting the flowers. Plant–pollinator interactions were analysed using a bipartite network approach which explored the important links between insect and plants in the network revealing the key interactions, and species which are crucial to system maintenance. This piece of work contributes to our ability to understand and maintain a stable medicinal plant–pollinator network which will support efforts to conserve native flora and insects.
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Duchicela, Jessica, James D. Bever, and Peggy A. Schultz. "Symbionts as Filters of Plant Colonization of Islands: Tests of Expected Patterns and Environmental Consequences in the Galapagos." Plants 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010074.
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The establishments of new organisms that arrive naturally or with anthropogenic assistance depend primarily on local conditions, including biotic interactions. We hypothesized that plants that rely on fungal symbionts are less likely to successfully colonize remote environments such as oceanic islands, and this can shape subsequent island ecology. We analyzed the mycorrhizal status of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos flora compared with the mainland Ecuador flora of origin. We experimentally determined plant responsiveness and plant–soil feedback of the island flora and assessed mycorrhizal density and soil aggregate stability of island sites. We found that a greater proportion of the native island flora species belongs to families that typically do not associate with mycorrhizal fungi than expected based upon the mainland flora of origin and the naturalized flora of the island. Native plants benefited significantly less from soil fungi and had weaker negative soil feedbacks than introduced species. This is consistent with the observation that field sites dominated by native plant species had lower arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal density and lower soil aggregate stability than invaded field sites at the island. We found support for a mycorrhizal filter to the initial colonization of the Galapagos.
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Adhikari, Subodh, and Nar B. Ranabhat. "Bee flora in mid hills of Central Nepal." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science 8 (March 2, 2012): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5558.
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Beekeeping is one of the promising ventures for economically poor families in Nepal. Knowledge about the bee flora of a certain area is very crucial for the farmers. A study was conducted in mid hills of Central Nepal during 2003-04 and 2008-09 to monitor the common plant species visited by bees with their visiting time and seasons. The flowering period of those plant species were also observed. Observations were made on the bees’ activities on flowers of different plant species. Relevant information was also collected through informal key informant interviews. The plant species visited by the bees and the bee species (mainly Apis cerena with some Apis melifera) themselves were collected, preserved and identified. Plants were categorized as major, medium and minor sources of pollen and/or nectar. The pollen and nectar statuses in different plants were also determined. A total of 158 plant species were identified as main bee flora in the study area. Among them, 19 species were horticultural plants, 42 species were crop plants, 15 species were ornamental plants and 82 species were wild plants. In total, 38 species were recognized as major, 35 as medium and 30 as minor sources for both nectar and pollen. Months from March to May and August to October were the honey flow periods. Species of Brassica, Citrus, Pyrus, Berberis, Rubus, Callistemon, Bombox and Artemisia were some of the important plants which bloomed during those months. Winter (mid November to January) and rainy (June and July) seasons were identified as the dearth periods for bees to collect honey. Some of the plants that bloom during winter were Pisum sativum, Ipomoea batata and Eupatorium sp. Similarly, Lagerstroemia sp., Impatiens balsamina, Sesamum indicum, Zea mays and many cucurbits bloomed during rainy season. Study has shown that mid-hills of Central Nepal is rich in bee flora and has great potential for beekeeping as many plants bloomed even in dearth periods.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5558 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 45-56
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Miller, Norton G., and Ray W. Spear. "Late-Quaternary history of the alpine flora of the New Hampshire White Mountains." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 53, no. 1 (October 2, 2002): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004854ar.
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Abstract A distinctive flora of 73 species of vascular plants and numerous bryophytes occurs in the ca. 20 km 2 of alpine tundra in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. The late- Quaternary distribution of these plants, many of which are disjuncts, was investigated by studies of pollen and plant macrofossils from lower Lakes of the Clouds (1 542 m) in the alpine zone of Mount Washington. Results were compared with pollen and macrofossils from lowland late-glacial deposits in western New England. Lowland paleofloras contained fossils of 43 species of vascular plants, 13 of which occur in the contemporary alpine flora of the White Mountains. A majority of species in the paleoflora has geographic affinities to Labrador, northern Québec, and Greenland, a pattern also apparent for mosses in the lowland deposits. The first macrofossils in lower Lakes of the Clouds were arctic-alpine mosses of acid soils. Although open-ground mosses and vascular plants continued to occur throughout the Holocene, indicating that alpine tundra persisted, fossils of a low-elevation moss Hylocomiastrum umbratum are evidence that forest (perhaps as krummholz) covered a greater area near the basin from 7 500 to 3 500 yBP. No calcicolous plants were recovered from sediments at lower Lakes of the Clouds. Climatic constraints on the alpine flora during the Younger Dryas oscillation and perhaps during other cold-climate events and intervening periods of higher temperature may have led to the loss of plant species in the White Mountain alpine zone. Late-glacial floras of lowland western New England were much richer than floras of areas above treeline during late-glacial time and at the present.
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Pott, Christian, and Baoyu Jiang. "Plant remains from the Middle–Late Jurassic Daohugou site of the Yanliao Biota in Inner Mongolia, China." Acta Palaeobotanica 57, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 185–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2017-0012.
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AbstractA late Middle–early Late Jurassic fossil plant assemblage recently excavated from two Callovian–Oxfordian sites in the vicinity of the Daohugou fossil locality in eastern Inner Mongolia, China, was analysed in detail. The Daohugou fossil assemblage is part of the Callovian–Kimmeridgian Yanliao Biota of north-eastern China. Most major plant groups thriving at that time could be recognized. These include ferns, caytonialeans, bennettites, ginkgophytes, czekanowskialeans and conifers. All fossils were identified and compared with species from adjacent coeval floras. Considering additional material from three collections housed at major palaeontological institutions in Beijing, Nanjing and Pingyi, and a recent account in a comprehensive book on the Daohugou Biota, the diversity of the assemblage is completed by algae, mosses, lycophytes, sphenophytes and putative cycads. The assemblage is dominated by tall-growing gymnosperms such as ginkgophytes, czekanowskialeans and bennettites, while seed ferns, ferns and other water- or moisture-bound groups such as algae, mosses, sphenophytes and lycophytes are represented by only very few fragmentary remains. The floral composition underlines the Callovian–Kimmeridgian age of the Yanliao Biota. The Daohugou/Yanliao flora is a typical member of the Middle to Late JurassicConiopteris-Phoenicopsisassemblage of north-eastern China, differing from the Early Cretaceous Jehol flora. Both floras probably belong to the same cycle of volcanism and sedimentation, although the Daohugou Bed is older than the Yixian Formation. The Yanliao fossil assemblage is placed in a larger palaeo-phytogeographical context and its relationships with Middle–Late Jurassic floras from north-eastern China, north-eastern and eastern Siberia and Japan are evaluated.
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Zeynep Izgördü, Zeynep, and Hasan Akan. "Floristic composition in the ruderal areas of Southeast Anatolia, Turkey." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 28, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v28i1.54220.
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Survey on the floral diversity is an important activity to evaluate the existing flora. This study was carried out from 2018 to 2020 to investigate the flora existing in the roadside and ruderal areas between Şanlıurfa and Bozova, nearby Euphrates river. A total of 200 taxa belonging to 138 genera and 41 families were determined. 9 of these taxa are endemic to Turkey. Among the plants identified, there are 5 geophytes, 1 parasite and 14 cultivated plants. The families with the most taxa are Fabaceae (47), Asteraceae (30), Lamiaceae (15), Poaceae (13) and Brassicaceae (7). The genera with the dominant taxa are; Astragalus (7), Medicago (7), Trigonella (7), Vicia (5) and Trifolium (5). In distribution of plants in the study area, the Irano-Turanian elements (38%, 75 taxa) ranks first, Mediterranean elements second (15%, 30 taxa) and Euro-Siberian elements third (1%, 3). The botanical- and vernacular names and habit categories of the recorded plant taxa are cited systematically. Threats to these plants and possible conservation strategies are also discussed briefly.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 241-256, 2021 (June)
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Urusov, V. M., and L. I. Varchenko. "To the formation of the biodiversity of the Russian Far East." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 19, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2020038.
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Plants diversity and riches of specific floras in the Russia’s Far East is determined not only and not somuch by a modern ecotopes diversity, as by the expression in the stale of the limit of permafrost soils, by the spread ofconsolidated boreal-nemoral ecosystems, by the situation of the Holocene boundary, ancient and early Holocene, presenceof the "small" and “big” migratory ways promoted the savings of a vascular plants diversity (RSR) by all praterritory, andthe “bridges” of a land. These bridges provided, first, resettlement of plant species from the West in dry late Pleistocene,updating of floras by Daurian-Mongolian steppe species, secondly, by returning of the species lost in the cold periods dueto their migration from the south, from refuges, by presence of refuges from fire, and elementary pyrogenic degradationof flora and vegetation reduces RSR on the order. However to the north from 50º N. L. on continent and Sakhalin islandand with 46º N. L., from Urup island on the Greater Kuril Islands refuges and isolates for maintenance high RSR has novalue or even it reduces, preserving more cold-resistant and cold-loving flora. Poverty of flora of coasts of KamchatkaPeninsula is connected with this phenomenon.
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Rull Lluch, J., A. Gómez Garreta, and M. A. Ribera Siguan. "Aportación a la flora bentónica de las Islas Baleares. IV. Flora de Ibiza." Collectanea Botanica 17, no. 1 (January 30, 1988): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.1988.v17.150.
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Das, Manoj K. L. "Documentation of Ornamental Flora of Balkumari College." Journal of Balkumari College 9, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbkc.v9i1.30063.
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The practice of decorating home Garden, temples, public parks, hotels, college and other places by ornamental plants have been known from ancient time. These plants are advantageous as they are so applicable for aesthetic purpose in landscaping and also provide fresh air to breathe. The study was destined to document about the circumstances of ornamental plants of Balkumari College. Information's were collected by direct observation questionnaires, interview, and photographic collection. 54 ornamental plants were documented belonging to 38 families. Out of them, 26 plants belong to the herbs .13 plants were shrubs and 10 plants were documented as trees whereas 5 plants were climbers. As 22 plants had entire plants as ornamental values, 28 plants are documented as flowers, as ornamental parts 3 plants had leaves as ornamental part only one plant had fruit, as ornamental part. Out of 54 plants, 42 plants were reported as perennial and 12 plants as annual growing pattern out of all documented plants, 39 plants were available throughout the year 14 plants were cultivated in winter season and only one plant cultivated in the summer season.
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Radha, P., R. Nagaraj, C. Udhayavani, and K. Sivaranjani. "A survey on the floral diversity of rural areas in Udumalpet Taluk, Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu, India." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 27, no. 1 (June 14, 2020): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v27i1.47575.
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Survey on the floral diversity is an important activity to assess the existing flora. This study was carried out from December 2017 to December 2018 to document the flora existing in the Udumalpet Taluk, Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu, India. As a result, a total of 370 taxa belonging to 263 genera of 82 angiosperm families have been documented. 52% of species of them are herbaceous. Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae with 23 taxa each, Asteraceae with 21 species, Acanthaceae with 20 species and Amaranthaceae with 18 species are observed as the dominant families. In this article, family, botanical name, habit, vernacular name and various applications of the recorded plants are enumerated systematically. Threats to these plants and possible conservation strategies are also discussed briefly.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 137-152, 2020 (June)
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Sakai, A. K. "Hawaiian Plant Life Vegetation and Flora." Ecological Restoration 33, no. 4 (October 21, 2015): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.33.4.425.
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HEMALATHA, M. "Indigofera longiracemosa Boiv.ex Baill. of Fabaceae, A New Report to Flora of Andhra Pradesh From Ardhagiri of Chittoor Dist." Current Botany 8 (January 21, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/cb.2017.v8.3124.
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<p>Indiahas a richest flora of medicinal importance and most of the plants are being used in the traditional medicine systems from the time immemorial. Lotof plant species are being added to the existing flora. The present study deals with the addition of a plant species by name <em>Indigofera longiracemosa Boiv.ex Baill. </em>of Fabaceae family to the existing flora of Andhra Pradesh especially to Chittoor Dist.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> Flora, <em>Indigofera longiracemosa Boiv.ex Baill., </em>Fabaceae</p>
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Trigo, María del Mar, and José García-Sánchez. "Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., nueva especie para la flora alóctona invasora de Andalucía (España)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 31 (December 1, 2006): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v31i31.7161.
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Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a new species for the aloctonous invasive flora of Andalusia (Spain)Palabras clave. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, planta invasora, Andalucía, España.Key words. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, invasive plant, Andalusia flora, Spain.
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Rouzaud, Gabrielle, Sylvie Rabot, Brian Ratcliffe, and Alan J. Duncan. "Influence of plant and bacterial myrosinase activity on the metabolic fate of glucosinolates in gnotobiotic rats." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 2 (August 2003): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003900.
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The breakdown of glucosinolates, a group of thioglucoside compounds found in cruciferous plants, is catalysed by dietary or microbial myrosinase. This hydrolysis releases a range of breakdown products among which are the isothiocyanates, which have been implicated in the cancer-protective effects of cruciferous vegetables. The respective involvement of plant myrosinase and gut bacterial myrosinase in the conversion, in vivo, of glucosinolates into isothiocyanates was investigated in sixteen Fischer 344 rats. Glucosinolate hydrolysis in gnotobiotic rats harbouring a whole human faecal flora (Flora+) was compared with that in germ-free rats (Flora−). Rats were offered a diet where plant myrosinase was either active (Myro+) or inactive (Myro−). The conversion of prop-2-enyl glucosinolate and benzyl glucosinolate to their related isothiocyanates, allyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate, was estimated using urinary mercapturic acids, which are endproducts of isothiocyanate metabolism. The highest excretion of urinary mercapturic acids was found when only plant myrosinase was active (Flora−, Myro+ treatment). Lower excretion was observed when both plant and microbial myrosinases were active (Flora+, Myro+ treatment). Excretion of urinary mercapturic acids when only microbial myrosinase was active (Flora+, Myro− treatment) was low and comparable with the levels in the absence of myrosinase (Flora−, Myro− treatment). No intact glucosinolates were detected in the faeces of rats from the Flora+ treatments confirming the strong capacity of the microflora to break down glucosinolates. The results confirm that plant myrosinase can catalyse substantial release of isothiocyanates in vivo. The results also suggest that the human microflora may, in some circumstances, reduce the proportion of isothiocyanates available for intestinal absorption.
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Wan, Cindy SM, and Rowan F. Sage. "Climate and the distribution of C4 grasses along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-026.
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In this study, relationships between temperature, precipitation, and the percentage of C4 grasses in local grass floras from the Atlantic and Pacific coastal regions of North America were examined. The proportion of C4 species in a local grass flora increased as latitude decreased on both coasts. At a given latitude, the C4 percentage on the Atlantic coast was higher than the Pacific coast. This difference was related to the Atlantic coast having greater July minimum temperatures than Pacific coast locations of similar latitude. Linear regression analysis showed that the proportion of C4 species in a local flora was positively associated with July minimum temperature on both coasts. The regression line between July minimum temperature and C4 representation was similar for each coast, indicating growth-season temperature has a similar control over C4 presence on the two coasts. Proportionally more of the annual precipitation fell in midsummer on the Atlantic than the Pacific coast, but this difference in the seasonal occurrence of precipitation did not alter the relationship between July minimum temperature and the contribution of C4 grass species to local floras. The Atlantic coast locations with the most precipitation had the highest C4 grass occurrence, indicating aridity alone did not increase the C4 representation in a grass flora. On both coasts, the proportion of NADP-malic enzyme C4 species in local C4 grass floras was positively correlated with mean annual precipitation; however, at equivalent percentages of NADP-malic enzyme subtype occurrence, precipitation levels were substantially lower on the Pacific than Atlantic coast. The trend between latitude and the percentage of C4 species in exotic grass floras was similar to the trend between latitude and the percentage of all C4 grasses in an entire grass flora. Thus, the C4 pathway appears to play no obvious role in enhancing the invasibility of exotic grasses in North America.Key words: bioinvasions, biogeography, C4 photosynthesis, C4 subtype, Poaceae, photosynthesis.
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Pšenička, Josef, Jiří Bek, Jiří Frýda, Viktor Žárský, Monika Uhlířová, and Petr Štorch. "Dynamics of Silurian Plants as Response to Climate Changes." Life 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090906.
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The most ancient macroscopic plants fossils are Early Silurian cooksonioid sporophytes from the volcanic islands of the peri-Gondwanan palaeoregion (the Barrandian area, Prague Basin, Czech Republic). However, available palynological, phylogenetic and geological evidence indicates that the history of plant terrestrialization is much longer and it is recently accepted that land floras, producing different types of spores, already were established in the Ordovician Period. Here we attempt to correlate Silurian floral development with environmental dynamics based on our data from the Prague Basin, but also to compile known data on a global scale. Spore-assemblage analysis clearly indicates a significant and almost exponential expansion of trilete-spore producing plants starting during the Wenlock Epoch, while cryptospore-producers, which dominated until the Telychian Age, were evolutionarily stagnate. Interestingly cryptospore vs. trilete-spore producers seem to react differentially to Silurian glaciations—trilete-spore producing plants react more sensitively to glacial cooling, showing a reduction in species numbers. Both our own and compiled data indicate highly terrestrialized, advanced Silurian land-plant assemblage/flora types with obviously great ability to resist different dry-land stress conditions. As previously suggested some authors, they seem to evolve on different palaeo continents into quite disjunct specific plant assemblages, certainly reflecting the different geological, geographical and climatic conditions to which they were subject.
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Grobler, B. Adriaan, and Richard M. Cowling. "The composition, geography, biology and assembly of the coastal flora of the Cape Floristic Region." PeerJ 9 (August 11, 2021): e11916. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11916.
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The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is globally recognized as a hotspot of plant diversity and endemism. Much of this diversity stems from radiations associated with infertile acid sands derived from sandstones of the geologically ancient Cape Fold Belt. These ancient montane floras acted as the source for most subsequent radiations on the Cape lowlands during the Oligocene (on silcretes) and Mio–Pliocene (on shales). The geomorphic evolution of the CFR during the Plio–Pleistocene led to the first large-scale occurrence of calcareous substrata (coastal dunes and calcarenites) along the Cape coast, providing novel habitats for plant colonization and ensuing evolution of the Cape coastal flora—the most recent diversification event in the Cape. Few studies have investigated the CFR’s dune and calcarenite floras, and fewer still have done so in an evolutionary context. Here, we present a unified flora of these coastal calcareous habitats of the CFR and analyze the taxonomic, biological and geographical traits of its component species to gain insights into its assembly. The Cape coastal flora, comprising 1,365 species, is taxonomically dominated by the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Iridaceae, with Erica, Aspalathus and Agathosma being the most speciose genera. In terms of growth-form mix, there is a roughly equal split between herbaceous and woody species, the former dominated by geophytes and forbs, the latter by dwarf and low shrubs. Species associated with the Fynbos biome constitute the bulk of the flora, while the Subtropical Thicket and Wetland biomes also house a substantial number of species. The Cape coastal flora is a distinctly southern African assemblage, with 61% of species belonging to southern African lineages (including 35% of species with Cape affinity) and 59% being endemic to the CFR. Unique among floras from the Cape and coastal Mediterranean-climate regions is the relatively high proportion of species associated with tropical lineages, several of which are restricted to calcareous substrata of the CFR. The endemic, calcicolous component of the flora, constituting 40% of species, represents 6% of the Cape’s regional plant diversity—high tallies compared to other biodiversity hotspots. Most coastal-flora endemics emerged during the Plio–Pleistocene as a product of ecological speciation upon the colonization of calcareous substrata, with the calcifugous fynbos floras of montane acid substrata being the most significant source of this diversification, especially on the typically shallow soils of calcarenite landscapes. On the other hand, renosterveld floras, associated with edaphically benign soils that are widespread on the CFR lowlands, have not been a major source of lineages to the coastal flora. Our findings suggest that, over and above the strong pH gradient that exists on calcareous substrata, soil depth and texture may act as important edaphic filters to incorporating lineages from floras on juxtaposed substrata in the CFR.
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Lawesson, Jonas E., J. Johansen, A. M. Fosaa, and S. Rasmussen. "Foroysk Flora." Journal of Vegetation Science 11, no. 4 (August 2000): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246598.
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Saw, L. G., and R. C. K. Chung. "The flora of Malaysia projects." Rodriguésia 66, no. 4 (2015): 947–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566415.
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Abstract Malaysia has an estimated 15,000 species of vascular plants. Located in the Malesian region, its affinity is Sundaic, having common elements with Sumatra, Java and Palawan. The two halves of Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia extending from mainland Asia and East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak on the island of Borneo have their own distinct floristic components. Peninsular Malaysia has about 8,200 species of vascular plants and Sabah and Sarawak have an estimated 12,000 species. The flora of Sabah and Sarawak is generally richer than that of Peninsular Malaysia. Due to historical reasons, the flora of Malaysia project is planned in a phased approach. The Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak project, initiated in 1991, represents the first systematic modern attempt to document some of the important plant families of these two states. It would take at least another ten years to complete this project. It is estimated that the Flora of Peninsular Malaysia project, initiated in 2005, will take at least 20 years to complete. To achieve these ambitions, there must be continual support in skilled manpower and fund allocations.
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Chernova, O. D., O. A. Popova, and A. S. Prokopyev. "Биоморфологическая структура флоры государственного природного заказника «Реликтовые дубы» (Забайкальский край)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 4 (December 22, 2017): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_116.
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<p>In this paper, we use Serebyakov's life-form classification to analyze the biomorphological structure of flora growing in Relic Oaks State Reserve (Trans-Baikal Territory). The reserve is located on the territory of Eastern Siberia that belongs to the Pacific Basin. In accordance with the established biogeographical division, this territory is at the boundary between two large floral regions of the Holarctic: Circumboreal and East Asian. It is notable for its phytodiversity and classified as a region with the dominating taiga, taiga-forest-steppe, and forest-steppe plant communities. The biomorphological analysis has shown the predominance of herbaceous plants over xylophytes in the flora of the reserve. Plants with fully or partially lignified shoots account for 11.8% and herbaceous plants, for 88.2% of the total number of flora species in the reserve. Shrubs are the dominating xylophytes on the territory of the reserve and dry-land polycarpous plants are the prevailing herbs. The Relic Oaks Reserve location at the boundary between the forest-steppe and steppe zones causes the predominance of short-rooted, long-rooted, and taproot herbaceous plants. </p>
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Erdei, Boglárka, and László Rákosi. "The Middle Eocene flora of Csordakút (N Hungary)." Geologica Carpathica 60, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-009-0005-4.
Full textAbstract:
The Middle Eocene flora of Csordakút (N Hungary)The Middle Eocene fossil plant assemblage from Csordakút (N Hungary) comprises plant remains preserved exclusively as impressions. Algae are represented by abundant remains of Characeae, including both vegetative fragments and gyrogonites. Remains of angiosperms comprise Lauraceae (Daphnogenesp.), Fagaceae (cf.Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis), Ulmaceae (Cedrelospermumdiv. sp.), Myricaceae (Myricasp.,Comptoniadiv. sp.), Leguminosae (leaves and fruit), Rhamnaceae (?Zizyphus zizyphoides), Elaeocarpaceae (Sloanea nimrodi, Sloaneasp. fruit), Smilacaceae (Smilaxdiv. sp.). The absence of gymnosperms is indicative of a floristic similarity to the coeval floras of Tatabánya (N Hungary) and Girbou in Romania.Sloanea nimrodi(Ettingshausen) Kvaček & Hably, a new element for the Hungarian fossil record indicates a floristic relation to the Late Eocene flora of Kučlin (Bohemia).
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Urbanavichus, G. P. "The lichen coefficient and its meaning in regional lichen flora studies." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 43 (2009): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2009.43.246.
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The particularities of the lichen coefficient LC (the ratio of lichens to vascular plants, or L : P-ratio) in different geographical regions of the Earth and different areas of Russia are determined on the basis of analysis of numerous quantitative estimations of lichen and vascular plant diversity. High values of LC in Arctic regions are caused by adverse conditions for growth of the vascular plants, while low LC values in plain regions with arid climate are caused by adverse influence of bioclimatic conditions on development of lichen flora. The mountains in temperate latitudes (especially near oceans) and tropics are optimal for forming rich and diverse lichen floras. Data on LC in different nature zones can be used for estimation of lichen species diversity, and to indicate some gaps in researches of regional lichen floras.
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Safarova, F., and E. Novruzova. "Self-defense Mechanisms of Plants in Nature." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/09.
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Plants, like all living things in nature, must protect themselves from enemies in a certain way. These methods of protection provide a greater variety plant species in the Nakhchivan. The flora of the Nakhchivan with a sharply continental climate, rich in xerophytic flora, secrete more biologically active substances, for the purpose of self-defense. Plant species containing plant anteraquinones, alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, glycosides, saponins, have a toxic effect on living things, alienating them from themselves or poisoning them.
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Tan, BC. "Biogeography of palawan mosses." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 2 (1996): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960193.
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The moss flora of Palawan was updated and consists of 192 species in 88 genera. Because of the dry, semi-deciduous forest, Palawan has a relatively depauperate moss flora compared with the flora of moist forest on other islands of similar area. The number of species is higher in riverine forest than in inland forest, and highest at mid-mountain elevation. Its flora is mainly an extension of the Philippine moss flora, showing little influence from Borneo. Likewise, its floristic affinity is with the moss floras of the Philippine archipelago, Java, and Lesser Sundas, but not with the Bornean moss flora. Additionally, the role of Palawan Island as a refugium for the survival of a past, xeric moss flora in South-East Asia is discussed on the basis of evidence from moss distribution. Clastobryum asperrimum (Dix.) Tan was proposed as a new combination and Leucoloma mittenii Heisch. was considered to be a new synonym of L. walkeri Broth.
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Bareke, Tura, and Admassu Addi. "Bee flora diversity in different vegetation communities of Gesha-Sayilem forest in Kaffa Zone, south-western Ethiopia." Plants and Environment 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/2582-3744.2020.dec.138.
Full textAbstract:
Tropical Afromontane forest has the potential for honey production. The main objective of the study was to identify major bee floras and its diversity in different vegetation communities of Gesha-Sayilem forest. Bee flora data were collected systematically from 90 plots with subplots for shrubs and herbaceous species. In addition, pollen traps having 16% pollen trapping efficiency were fitted at the entrance of beehives for pollen load collection. Shannon-Wiener diversity index; species richness and Shannon’s evenness were employed to determine diversity of bee flora. The result showed that 93 bee plant species belongings to 43 families were identified of which Asteraceae the most abundant family was followed by Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Acanthaceae and Rubiaceae. The analysis of bee forage diversity using Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) found in 5 different plant communities showed that plant communities one, two, and three have the highest bee flora diversity 3.2, 3.2, and 3.5, respectively. The dominant bee plants in community one were (Ilex mitis and Syzygium guineens), community two (Pouteria adolfi-friederici and Schefflera abyssinica), Community three (Millettia ferruginea and Sapium ellipticum), community four (Hagenia abyssinica and Dombeya torrida), community five (Schefflera-volkensi and Maesa lanceolata). Sorensen similarity coefficient showed that communities 1, 2, 3, and 5 are more similar to each other while community four is less similar. On the other hand, the beta diversity for communities 1, 2, 3, and 5 were 0.25, 0.27, 0.39, and 0.28 respectively while community four has a higher beta diversity index (0.71) indicating low similarity with the rest of the plant communities. In conclusion community 1, 2 and 3 has a high diversity of bee flora and therefore, integration of these communities with beekeeping is recommended.