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Journal articles on the topic 'Floral preservative'
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Menegaes, Janine Farias, Henrique Fernando Lidório, Rogério Antonio Bellé, Sidinei José Lopes, Fernanda Alice Antonello Londero Backes, and Ubirajara Russi Nunes. "Pós-colheita de hastes florais de cártamo colhidas em diferentes épocas e submetidas a diferentes soluções conservantes." Ornamental Horticulture 25, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v25i1.1989.
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The conservation of the cut flower stems aims to prolong durability, maintain the quality and reduce the losses after harvest, providing a greater period of lifespan and commercialization. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the quality and durability in post-harvest of fresh safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) flower stems harvested in different times and submitted to different preservative solutions. The experiment was conducted in entirely randomized design and, organized in 4x8 (four preservative solutions and eight harvest seasons) factorial scheme, with four repetitions, and each experimental unit consisting of five floral stems. The cultivation of floral stems of safflower occurred at Floriculture Sector and the harvest seasons of them were carried out in the beginning of flowering from the sowing performed in the first seasonal half: in winter, spring and summer of 2016, autumn, winter, spring and summer of 2017 and autumn of 2018. And, the preservative solutions were: distilled water (control); distilled water + sucrose 2%; distilled water + sodium hypochlorite 2% and distilled water + sucrose 2% + sodium hypochlorite 2%. The floral stems were evaluated in relation to quality notes, dehydration and absorption of preservative solutions. We observed that the floral stems of safflower presented shelf life in average of nine days, with absorption of solution in average of 0.021 mL day-1 g-1 of fresh mass and that the use of preservatives was not beneficial to conservation in post-harvest.
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Knee, Michael, Peg McMahon, and Glenn Carey. "A Question for the Class: Why Do Roses Die?" HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 835D—835. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.835d.
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An undergraduate class in postharvest physiology observed a number of factors in the senescence of cut roses, which had been studied separately in the literature. They assessed the relative importance of the factors in determining vase life. `Samantha' roses were held at 20C in distilled water or a floral preservative. Ethylene treatment caused petal distortion and premature senescence. Floral preservatives stimulated ethylene production, although vase life was extended relative to flowers in water. Higher sugar contents and respiration were maintained in preservative than in water. Water uptake by roses was almost constant, but stem resistance to water flow increased faster in water than in preservative. In the 2nd week of vase life, transpiration exceeded water uptake, particularly for roses in water. As much of this water was lost through leaves as through the flower. The results suggest that a complex interaction of several factors determines vase life.
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Jones, Michelle L., Kenneth K. Cochran, Gary A. Anderson, and David C. Ferree. "Effects of Preservatives and Cold Storage on Postharvest Performance of Deciduous Holly Branches." HortTechnology 14, no. 2 (January 2004): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.2.0230.
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Deciduous holly branches were visually rated over a period of 5 weeks to evaluate differences in display life between various cultivars of winterberry (Ilex verticillata) and japanese winterberry (I. serrata) x winterberry. Holly branches were naturally defoliated and the postharvest performance of the cut branches was therefore based on the quality and longevity of the fruit. Chemical treatments including floral preservative, floral preservative plus silver, and anti-transpirant were also evaluated. `Bonfire' and `Sunset' had the highest ratings for marketability based on the longevity and quality of their fruit. `Bonfire' and `Winter Red' had the highest fruit density per stem. Treatment with floral preservatives significantly increased the display life of holly branches. Preservative plus silver delayed deterioration later in the study, presumably by delaying the senescence of the fruit. Anti-transpirant treatment did not decrease solution uptake by the holly stems. Cold storage of dry branches at 0.00 ± 1.11 °C (32.0 ± 2.0 °F) did not significantly reduce branch display life if held for 23 days or less. Cut branches of all cultivars had a longer display life when stuck in sand and left outdoors in a lath house than when rated in vase solutions indoors. This study indicates that deciduous holly branches provide an attractive alternative cut branch for both interior and outdoor holiday displays.
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Ahmad, Iftikhar, John M. Dole, and Bruno T. Favero. "Pulsing With Low Concentration Gibberellin Plus Benzyladenine or Commercial Floral Preservatives Affect Postharvest Longevity, Quality, and Leaf Chlorosis of Cut Lilies and Gladioli." HortTechnology 24, no. 5 (October 2014): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.5.560.
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Effects of pulsing with different concentrations of gibberellin plus benzyladenine (GA4+7 + BA), a proprietary mixture of GA4+7 plus BA in a commercial floral preservative (GA4+7 + BA + preservative), or a propriety mixture of sugar plus acidifier developed for bulbous flowers (floral bulb preservative) were studied on postharvest performance and quality of cut lily (Lilium hybrids) and gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrids) flowers. Pulsing of cut stems of lily with GA4+7 + BA at 5 or 2 mL·L−1 GA4+7 + BA + preservative for 20 hours at 3 ± 1 °C extended the vase life and controlled leaf chlorosis of ‘Cobra’ oriental lily and ‘Cappuccino’ and ‘Dot Com’ asiatic lily. Cut ‘Orange Art’ asiatic lily performed best when pulsed with GA4+7 + BA at 10 mg·L−1. For cut gladiolus, pulsing with GA4+7 + BA at 10 mg·L−1 extended the vase life of ‘Alice’, ‘Mammoth’, and ‘Passion’, while ‘Scarlet’ had the longest vase life when pulsed with 5 mg·L−1 GA4+7 + BA. GA4+7 + BA + preservative also extended the vase life and controlled leaf chlorosis, but the floral bulb preservative had no effect on vase life extension or preventing leaf chlorosis of lilies. Gladiolus cultivars had no or minor leaf chlorosis during vase period. Overall, overnight pulsing with GA4+7 + BA or GA4+7 + BA + preservative extended the vase life and prevented leaf chlorosis and can be used by growers and wholesalers for maintaining quality of cut stems.
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Oliveira Souza Alves, Ana Maria, Jaianne Francielle Oliveira Santos Pimentel, Gustavo Ferreira Da Silva, Nilbe Carla Mapeli, and Ana Maria Mapeli. "Non-structural carbohydrate metabolism and postharvest conservation of gerbera flowers." Ornamental Horticulture 23, no. 3 (October 3, 2017): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v23i3.1079.
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The species Gerbera jamesonii Adlam has great economic importance in the ornamental sector, due to exuberance of floral stems. However, florists face some challenges such as postharvest handling and difficulty of conservation. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the non-structural carbohydrate content in different floral stages of G. jamesonii var. Dawn and evaluate the effect of preservative solutions during the postharvest storage of this species. For this purpose, it was quantified TSS, RS and NRS from the seven stages of gerbera stems ontogeny (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6 and E7). The preservative solutions used were: T1) distilled water; T2) citric acid (100 mg L-1); T3) glucose (20 g L-1); T4) gibberellic acid (GA3 , 5 mg L-1); T5) calcium chloride (CaCl2 , 20g L-1) and T6) Sodium Thiosulphate (STS, 20 mM). The effect of preservative solutions were assessed daily, considering the longevity of flowers, variation in the absorption of preservative solution, pH of the solution and fresh mass variation. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. There was a difference in carbohydrate metabolism during floral opening and senescence. In the orange bracts there was a lower TSS content, while in the inflorescences it was observed a reduction in the yellowish, greenish-green and greenish stages. The content of RS increased in the bracts, whereas in the inflorescence there was no difference. The NRS content was higher in the orange bracts, showing lower rates in the inflorescences in yellowish and yellowish greenish stages. The preservative solutions had an impact, on the floral stem longevity, varying according to the solutions used, i.e. CaCl2 and STS reduced the durability of gerbera flower in 9.25 and 11.5 days, respectively, compared to stems kept in distilled water. The glucose solution did not promote a significant difference compared to water. Therefore, we conclude that there is variation in the metabolism of non-structural carbohydrates during the floral development of G. jamesonii var. Dawn and the tested solutions were not effective in promoting postharvest conservation of gerbera.
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Kiige, John Kamanthi, Patrick Wachira Mathenge, and Agnes Mumo Kavoo. "Biorational Preservation of Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) Cut-Flower Using Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Extracts." Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research 4 (November 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.4.1.
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Rose cut flower is one of the widely grown cut flowers in Kenya. However, most roses have a challenge of short vase life. This study aimed at determining the efficacy of plant extracts from thyme and stevia in preservation of rose cut-flowers. Two rose cut-flower cultivars; ‘radiance and ‘high & sparkling’ were subjected to stevia and thyme extracts each at three levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6gL-1). Thyme extracts at a concentration of 0.2 gL-1 significantly (p≤001) extended the vase life of rose cut flower by 3.5 days and floral absorption rates by 10.4% compared to the commercial preservative (chrysal) at the same concentration rates. Application of higher doses (0.4gL-1 and 0.6gL-1) of plant extracts led to shorter vase life (6 days) of rose cut flower and maximum bent neck records at day 8. The response of rose cut flower to the treatments did not vary between cultivars. The results from this study indicate that thyme extracts offer an attractive alternative to the use of chemical floral preservatives for prolonging the vase life and enhancing quality of rose cut flower. The efficacy of extracts is however depended on the concentration level with 0.2gL-1 dosage recording the best results.
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Bastos, Fernanda Espíndola Assumpção, Mayara Cristiana Stanger, Ricardo Allebrandt, Cristiano André Steffens, Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar, and Leo Rufato. "Conservação de rosas ‘carola’ utilizando substâncias com potencial biocida." Ornamental Horticulture 22, no. 1 (May 5, 2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v22i1.806.
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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different preservative solutions on maintaining postharvest quality of red roses cultivar ‘Carola’. The treatments evaluated in both experiments were five preservative solutions: (S) sucrose (1%) (SAC) sucrose (1%) + citric acid (0.2 g L-1), (SACH) sucrose (1 %) + citric acid (0.2 g L-1) + sodium hypochlorite (1%) (SACA) sucrose (1%) + citric acid (0.2 g L-1) + rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (100 uL L-1), (SACG) sucrose (1%) + citric acid (0.2 g L-1) + Oil Ginger (Zingiber officinale) (100 uL L-1). In the first experiment the rods were maintained for 10 days in refrigerator at 3 ± 1 °C and in the second experiment were maintained for five days in refrigerator (3 ± 1 °C) and five days at ambient conditions (19 ± 1 °C) . The variables evaluated were swelling, curvature of the floral stalk, browning petals, floral opening and colored petals, in both experiments, and coloring of the petals in the second experiment. The evaluations were performed every two days during the storage period in experiment 1, and daily during the shelf period in experiment 2. The experimental design in both experiments was a randomized complete block design with four replications and two branches each. In the first experiment, the use of sucrose was shown to be as effective as the other preservative solutions, preserving the roses up to 10 days in cold storage at 3 ± 1° C. In the second experiment, for the solution containing sucrose alone, the use of sodium hypochlorite, rosemary oil, and ginger oil showed the best results in maintaining the quality of the rods, and essential oils gave better preservation of roses.
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Mehraj, H., I. H. Shiam, T, Taufique, M. Shamsuzzoha, and A. F. M. Jamal Uddin. "Effects of floral preservative solutions for vase life evaluation of Gerbera." Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 9, no. 2 (2016): 804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jbar.090216.97.
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Sales, Thais Silva, Patrícia Duarte Oliveira Paiva, Heloísa Helena de Siqueira, Guilherme Mariano Manfredini, and Luiz Carlos de Oliveira Lima. "Preservative solutions on quality and biochemical aspects of calla lily flowers." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, no. 2 (March 2018): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018422020717.
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ABSTRACT The knowledge of physiological and biochemical aspects occurring at the postharvest phase of flowers is critical to guide efficient conservation techniques for maintaining quality and longevity. Factors that cause deterioration of cut flowers after harvest are dehydration, low carbohydrate contents, the presence of microorganisms in vase solution or stem and late stage of development at harvest. Thus, the objective was to determine the effect of harvest stages of calla lily stems and storage solutions on water relations and contents of starch and sugars. Flower stems were harvested in the following opening stages of the spathe: early-stage (cartridge) and 1/3 open and were arranged in six storage solutions containing 1, 2, 4 and 6% glucose and the controls with water and solution with 5% sucrose. Results indicate that at early-stage and 1/3 open harvesting stages, the addition of glucose at concentrations of 4% and 6% stimulated flower opening. Calla lily flower stems maintained in water and in solution with 1% glucose had lower percentages of fresh weight loss and better maintenance of water balance, with a small reduction in the contents of starch and soluble sugars. The addition of sugars in the storage solution was efficient in opening early-harvested stems. Harvest the floral stems in initial stages allow the maintenance of the commercial quality for longer period, without pollen production. The use of water relations allowed the determination of the better sugar concentration for the conservation of open-harvest of floral stems.
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Favetta, Vanessa, Ronan Carlos Colombo, and Ricardo Tadeu de Faria. "Longevidade de hastes florais de Oncidium baueri mantidas em soluções conservantes." Comunicata Scientiae 7, no. 2 (November 4, 2016): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v7i2.857.
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Orchids have been gaining prominence in the cut flower market due to the exoticism and the singular beauty of its flowers. However, techniques which help to keep the floral quality are needed, since the commercial success is tied to the flowers longevity after cut. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate preservative solutions on postharvest longevity of Oncidium baueri floral stems. Floral stems, with 60 cm of length and 90% of open flowers were submitted to pretreatment in a pulsing solution, sucrose-based, for 12 and 24 hours, and placed in maintenance solutions containing sucrose and/or Flower®; keeping the control treatment, with distilled water only. These solutions were added with 0.5% of sodium hypochlorite. The evaluation to verify the quality of the flowers was performed daily using a criterion of notes, ranging from 4 to 0. From third day of evaluation, the floral stems submitted to pretreatment with pulsing solution presented statistically lower averages and at the fourth day of evaluation were considered inadequate for marketing. Increased longevity and quality of the flowers can be obtained by keeping the floral stems in distilled water or in maintenance solutions, which are 1% sucrose-based.
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Kiamohammadi, M., A. Golchin, and D. Hashemabadi. "THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FLORAL PRESERVATIVE SOLUTIONS ON KEEPING QUALITY OF CUT LISIANTHUS (EUSTOMA GRANDIFLORUM)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 877 (November 2010): 1749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.877.240.
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Ahmad, Iftikhar, and John M. Dole. "Homemade Floral Preservatives Affect Postharvest Performance of Selected Specialty Cut Flowers." HortTechnology 24, no. 3 (June 2014): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.3.384.
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Effects of homemade or commercial floral preservatives, applied as 48-hour grower treatment or continuous retailer/consumer application, were studied on cut ‘ABC Blue’ lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum), ‘Maryland Plumblossom’ snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), ‘Mid Cheerful Yellow’ stock (Matthiola incana), and ‘Deep Red’ Benary’s zinnia (Zinnia violacea). Cut stems were placed in solutions containing 500 mL·L−1 lemon/lime soda (soda); 6 mL·L−1 lemon juice plus 20 g·L−1 sugar (lemon juice); 100 mg·L−1 citric acid plus 20 g·L−1 sugar plus 200 mg·L−1 aluminum sulfate (C-AS); 400 mg·L−1 citric acid plus 20 g·L−1 sugar alone (citric acid), or combined with either 0.5 mL·L−1 quaternary ammonium chloride (C-QA), or 0.007 mL·L−1 isothiazolinone (C-IS); 10 mL·L−1 Floralife Clear Professional Flower Food (Floralife); or 10 mL·L−1 Chrysal Clear Professional 2 (Chrysal), dissolved in tap water, which was also used as control without any added compound. Cut stems of lisianthus and stock had longest vase lives (22.1 and 12.7 days, respectively) when placed in C-IS continuously, while snapdragon and zinnia stems had longest vase lives (22.3 and 16.3 days, respectively) when placed in C-QA solution continuously. Continuous use of soda extended vase life of cut lisianthus, snapdragon, and stock stems, but not zinnia, compared with tap water. Citric acid extended the vase life of lisianthus and stock when used continuously and of zinnia when used for 48 hours. Use of C-AS or lemon juice either had no effect or reduced vase life of the tested species, except lemon juice increased zinnia vase life when used as a 48-hour treatment. Stems of lisianthus, stock, and zinnia placed continuously in C-IS, C-QA, or citric acid had high solution uptake. No significant differences were observed for vase life of all tested species with short duration (48 hours) application of solutions, except 48-hour use of citric acid or lemon juice increased zinnia vase life compared with tap water. Overall, continuous vase application of the homemade preservatives resulted in longer vase life extension than 48-hour treatment. Among tested preservative recipes, C-IS, C-QA, soda, or citric acid demonstrated best postharvest performance of tested species. However, recipes containing C-AS or lemon juice had detrimental effects and should not be used for handling cut stems of tested species.
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Goszczynska, Danuta M., B. Michalczuk, and R. M. Rudnicki. "THE EFFECT OF FLORAL PRESERVATIVE ENRICHED WITH CALCIUM NITRATE ON KEEPING QUALITY OF CUT 'SONIA' ROSES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 261 (December 1989): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.261.36.
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Yeat, Choon Sea, Marta Szydlik, and Aleksandra J. Łukaszewska. "The Effect of Postharvest Treatments on Flower Quality and Vase Life of Cut Alstroemeria ‘Dancing Queen’." Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10290-012-0024-6.
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Abstract Alstroemeria is one of the most popular cut flowers in Europe, due to its postharvest longevity and a wide colour palette. However, premature leaf yellowing reduces the ornamental value of the flowering stems even before opening of the secondary florets in cymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of sucrose, gibberellin and 8-hydroxychinoline citrate as postharvest treatments of cut Alstroemeria ‘Dancing Queen’.Several “flower models” were used to distinguish the effects of the chemicals on senescence of flowers and leaves in the above cultivar. Flowering stems were harvested in November 2011 and March 2012 and the response to treatments for both dates differed: while the longevity of primary and secondary florets was prolonged by the standard preservative (8-HQC+S) in the autumn, there was no difference for the spring collection date. For the March harvest, the secondary flower buds opened faster than for the November harvest, where bud opening was generally hastened by 8-HQC+S. Also, the flower model affected floret longevity and changed the response to the treatments: florets on defoliated flowering stems responded better to the preservative than those on stems with leaves. Florets from different flower models differed in diameter: those from complete stems were usually larger than those from isolated cymes. The secondary florets were much smaller than the primary florets, especially in isolated cymes. Both, GA3 and the standard preservative significantly increased the second floret diameter in all models; however, there were no additive effects of the treatments. GA3 significantly postponed leaf yellowing in all floral models while the sugar-containing preservative had little effect. Generally, the flower model had significant effect on leaf longevity.
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Kiamohammadi, M. "THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FLORAL PRESERVATIVE SOLUTIONS ON PEDUNCLE BENDING AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF LISIANTHUS CUT FLOWERS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 943 (February 2012): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2012.943.25.
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Iqbal, Shameen, M. A. Siddique, Muneeb Ahmad Wani, and Ambreena Din. "Postharvest life of different cultivars of Narcissus (daffodil) as influ-enced by various preservative solutions." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 6, no. 5 (March 21, 2017): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.6(5).p194-201.
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Post harvest life has always being of critical importance in high value flower crops. Our investigation was concerned in evaluating the varietal response of different preservative soloutions on post harvest life of Narcissus (daffodil). The effects of the application of citric acid, aluminium sulphate, silver thiosulphate and calcium chloride at three different levels 0, 100 ppm, 200 ppm along with carbohydrate source sucrose 4% on different floral attributes of Narcissus (daffodil) cultivars California, Pheasants eye and Acetea were stud-ied. The recorded traits included water loss/water uptake ratio, scape length, cup depth, cup diameter, relative water content and membrane stability index. Results of this study showed that within all treatments aluminium sulphate + sucrose 4% showed the best effect. Among the cultivars evaluated California proves best in term of parameters studied (overall post harvest life). The minimum values for these traits were recorded in the untreated control.
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Rahman, M. M., S. H. Ahmad, and K. S. Lgu. "Psidium guajavaandPiper betleLeaf Extracts Prolong Vase Life of Cut Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) Flowers." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/102805.
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The effect of leaf extracts ofPsidium guajavaandPiper betleon prolonging vase life of cut carnation flowers was studied. “Carola” and “Pallas Orange” carnation flowers, at bud stage, were pulsed 24 hours with a floral preservative. Then, flowers were placed in a vase solution containing sprite and a “germicide” (leaf extracts ofP. guajavaandP. betle, 8-HQC, or a copper coin). Flowers treated with 8-HQC, copper coin, and leaf extracts had longer vase life, larger flower diameter, and higher rate of water uptake compared to control (tap water). The leaf extracts ofP. guajavaandP. betleshowed highest antibacterial and antifungal activities compared to the other treatments. Both showed similar effects on flower quality as the synthetic germicide, 8-HQC. Therefore, these extracts are likely natural germicides to prolong vase life of cut flowers.
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Gul, Fahima, and Inayatullah Tahir. "Efficacy of STS Pulsing and Floral Preservative Solutions on Senescence and Post Harvest Performance of Narcissus pseudonarcissus Cv. Emperor." Trends in Horticultural Research 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/thr.2013.14.26.
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Rudnicki, R. M., and J. Nowak. "Vase-life of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus cut flowers depending upon; media, mineral nutrition, their morphological attributes and treatment with flower preservative." Acta Agrobotanica 29, no. 2 (2015): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1976.022.
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The correlations among different media, mineral nutrition and morphological features of gerbera flowers in relation to their vase-life period investigated. The bast medium for longevity of cut gerbera flowers was the mixture of composted pine bark and peat moss fertilized with N – 250 mg/1 and Mg – 150 mg/1. It was found that cut gerberas lasted longer when they were the Alkemade type, i.e. with wide petals. Yellow flowers remained fresh longer than red and pink ones. It was also found that the vase-life period of gerberas directly correlated with the length of floral stalk, its ability to grow and the inflorescence diameter. The solution of flower preservative Proflovit-72 was effective 'in extending life at room temperature and improved the quality and longevity of flowers which were previously in coldstorage for 1 to 3 weeks.
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Davis, Tim D., Wayne A. Mackay, and Narendra Sankhla. "Postharvest Characteristics of cut Inflorescences of Lupinus havardii." HortTechnology 5, no. 3 (July 1995): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.3.247.
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Big Bend bluebonnet (Lupinus havardii Wats.) is native to a narrow geographic range in southwestern Texas and produces attractive blue inflorescences (racemes) that may be used as cut flowers. Several crops were produced in the greenhouse to determine postharvest-characteristics of the cut inflorescences. Without any postharvest conditioning treatments, the inflorescences held in water had an average vase life of about 7 days. During this period, an average of 13 flowers abscised per inflorescence. When preconditioned for 4 hours in 40 to 160 mg·liter−1 silver thiosulfate (STS), vase life increased to 10 to 12 days and fewer than three flowers abscised per inflorescence. A commercial floral preservative (Oasis) had no effect on flower abscission or vase life of STS-treated inflorescences. Flower abscission and vase life were the same whether STS-treated inflorescences were placed in floral foam moistened with water or in water alone. Storing STS-preconditioned inflorescences in water at 5C for 72 hours did not affect flower abscission or vase life compared to the unstored control. Dry postharvest storage at 5C for 72 hours caused noticeable wilting, but, on dehydration, these inflorescences still had a vase life of about 8 days. Postharvest characteristics of pink-and white-flowered breeding lines were the same as for the blue-flowered line. These results indicate that cut inflorescences of L. havardii have desirable postharvest qualities and can be stored for up to 72 hours without seriously limiting vase life.
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Fetouh, M., and K. Saad-Allah. "Evaluation of Synthetic Zirconyl Complex as Potential Floral Preservative on Postharvest Quality of Cut Roses Rosa hybrida L. Cv. Grand prix." Journal of Plant Production 8, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2017.37465.
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Jedrzejuk, Agata, Julia Rochala, Jacek Zakrzewski, and Julita Rabiza-Świder. "Identification of Xylem Occlusions Occurring in CutClematis(ClematisL., fam.RanunculaceaeJuss.) Stems during Their Vase Life." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/749281.
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During the vase life of cut stems obstruction of xylem vessels occurs due to microbial growth, formation of tyloses, deposition of materials in the lumen of xylem vessels and the presence of air emboli in the vascular system. Such obstructions may restrict water uptake and its transport towards upwards thus lowering their ornamental value and longevity of cut flowers.Clematisis a very attractive plant material which may be used as cut flower in floral compositions. Nothing is known about the histochemical or cytological nature of xylem blockages occurring in cut stems of this plant. This study shows that inclematis, tyloses are the main source of occlusions, although bacteria and some amorphic substances may also appear inside the vessels. A preservative composed of 200 mg dm−38-HQC (8-hydroxyquinolin citrate) and 2% sucrose arrested bacterial development and the growth of tyloses. This information can be helpful in the development of new treatments to improve keeping qualities of cutclematisstems.
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López-Patiño, Carmenza Liliana, Cristina Arroqui, Sandra Horvitz, and Paloma Vírseda. "Strategies to Enhance Propolis Ethanolic Extract’s Flavor for its Use as a Natural Preservative in Beef." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 9, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.9.2.15.
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Propolis is rich in bioactive compounds like phenols and flavonoids, which make it a promising alternative as a natural preservative. However, the use of propolis in the food industry is limited due to its strong, characteristic flavor. To overcome this problem, several strategies such as the combination with other ingredients or propolis microencapsulation have been studied. In this work, the addition of honeydew (no floral honey) to, and the elimination of the ethanol from, the propolis extract solution were used to mitigate this sensorial defect. Thus, the effect of these propolis solutions on beef quality during refrigerated storage were evaluated. Throughout storage, a decrease in the pH and the a*, indicative of microbial growth and oxidation, respectively, was observed in the control samples. Both deterioration processes were slowed down in the treated samples, demonstrating the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the propolis and the honeydew. What is more, neither ethanol evaporation nor the addition of honeydew impaired the antimicrobial activity of the solutions, with the greatest microbial reductions observed in the former. With this solution, a reduction of 0.77 and 1.45 logarithmic units were observed for the mesophiles and the Enterobacteria, respectively. Finally, the propolis and honeydew solution presented the highest scores in all the sensory attributes analyzed. In conclusion, the strategies applied in this study were effective at enhancing propolis extract flavor whilst maintaining its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This could be a promising starting point for a wider use of propolis as a natural preservative in the food industry.
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Krause, Marcelo Rodrigo, Mirelle Nayana de Sousa Santos, Karoliny Ferreira Moreira, Márcia Martins Tolentino, and Ana Maria Mapeli. "Extension of the vase life of Lilium pumilum cut flowers by pulsing solution containing sucrose, citric acid and silver thiosulfate." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 3 (September 2021): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i3.2330.
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Abstract Floriculture is a promising activity and has great economic importance. In this context, the cultivation of Lilium pumilum Redouté stands out. However, one of the main challenges flower farmers face is that a large part of the products is lost before reaching the final consumer, due to postharvest losses. Such losses can be minimized by adopting some techniques, such as the use of conditioning solution (pulsing), which has been effective in preventing early senescence. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pulsing with sucrose, citric acid and silver thiosulphate on postharvest conservation of L. pumilum cut flowers. All treatments promoted a 1.8±0.3 day increase in longevity, uniformity of floral opening, and reduced fresh weight loss compared to the control (flowers that were not pulse-treated). There was no significant difference in chlorophyll content and leaf relative water content. The time of exposure to pulsing caused significant differences in the reduction of anthocyanin contents when compared to the control, demonstrating that pulsing preservative solution for at least 6 h extends the vase life of L. pumilum cut flowers by two days.
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Jędrzejuk, Agata, Julia Rochala, and Julia Rochala. "Occurrence of blockage in cut stems of Clematis L." Acta Agrobotanica 66, no. 1 (2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2013.001.
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During vase life of cut flowers obstructions in stem xylem vessels develop. Such obstructions may restrict water uptake in stems and its transport towards flowers, thus lowering their ornamental value and longevity. <em>Clematis </em>is a very attractive plant which can be used as a cut flower in floral compositions. However, nothing is known about the histochemical or cytolo- gical nature of xylem blockages occurring in cut stems of this plant. Observations carried out on <em>Clematis </em>cv. 'Solidarność' proved that tyloses appeared as a principal source of xylem blockage in cut stems. The preservative composed of 200 mg × dm-3 8-HQC (8-hydroxyquinolin citrate) and 2% sucrose arre-sted development of xylem blockage, while the vessels in stems kept in water were filled with tyloses or an amorphic substance. PAS reaction proved that polysaccharides were present in the xylem occlusions, whereas no homogalacturonans were immunolocalized in tyloses using JIM 5 and JIM 7 antibodies. The present study provides new information on the origin of xylem occlusions in clematis and their development in two different vase solutions. Such information can be useful to develop pro- per postharvest treatments aiming to improve keeping qualities of this new cut flower.
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Carlson, Alicain S., and John M. Dole. "Determining Optimal Production Temperature, Transplant Stage, and Postharvest Protocols for Cut ‘Esprit’ Penstemon." HortTechnology 24, no. 1 (February 2014): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.1.71.
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The effects of production temperature and transplant stage on stem length and caliper of cut stems and postharvest treatments on vase life of ‘Esprit’ penstemon (Penstemon grandiflorus) were examined. Plugs transplanted with eight to nine sets of true leaves had a longer stem length (64.3 cm) at harvest than those transplanted with two to three sets (57.7 cm) or five to six sets (60.8 cm). Time to flowering from transplant shortened as production temperature increased and when transplants had a greater number of true leaves. The addition of 2% or 4% sucrose with 7 ppm isothiazolinone as a vase solution resulted in the longest vase life (9.4 days) of all treatments compared with the control (4.5 days). A holding solution increased vase life to 7.0 days for Floralife holding solution and 5.9 days for Chrysal holding solution from the 4.3 days control, although hydrating solutions and preservative brand had no effect. The use of floral foam or antiethylene agents, ethylene exposure, or sucrose pulses also had no effect on vase life. Extended cold storage lengths either wet or dry for 2 or 3 weeks caused vase life to decrease to 2.0 days when compared with 5.6 days for the unstored control and 7.6 days for 1 week storage. ‘Esprit’ penstemon may be suitable for greenhouse production and has acceptable potential as a locally grown specialty cut flower.
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Carlson, Alicain S., and John M. Dole. "Postharvest Handling Recommendations for Cut Pineapple Lily." HortTechnology 24, no. 6 (December 2014): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.6.731.
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The effects of various postharvest treatments on cut stems of ‘Coral’ and ‘Sparkling Burgundy’ pineapple lily (Eucomis sp.) were evaluated to determine best postharvest handling practices. The use of a commercial hydrator, holding solution, or both significantly reduced vase life for ‘Coral’; the deionized (DI) water control had the longest vase life. ‘Sparkling Burgundy’ vase life was significantly reduced to 29.9 days when both a commercial hydrator and holding solution were used as compared with 50.3 days when DI water was the hydrator used with the commercial holding solution. The use of a bulb-specific preservative reduced vase life of ‘Coral’ to 43.8 days, while the DI water control had a vase life of 66.4 days, and commercial holding solution was intermediate at 56.8 days. A 10% sucrose pulse reduced vase life to 46.9 days compared with the 0% sucrose control (58.9 days) and the 20% sucrose concentration (62.5 days), which were not significantly different. The use of floral foam and/or 2% or 4% sucrose concentrations plus isothiazolinone reduced vase life significantly to an average of 11.1 days. The vase life of stems cold stored at 2 °C for 1 week (37.7 days) was not significantly different from the unstored stems (43.0 days), while longer storage times up to 3 weeks significantly reduced vase life. The use of hydrating solution pretreatments before and holding solution treatments during 4 days of cold storage had no significant effect on vase life. ‘Sparkling Burgundy’ stems harvested with 100% of the florets open had the longest vase life of 51.2 days compared with 38.4 days when 1% of the florets were open. Vase life was unaffected by exogenous ethylene exposure up to 1 ppm for 16 hours. For best postharvest quality, ‘Coral’ and ‘Sparkling Burgundy’ pineapple lily should be harvested when at least 50% of the florets are open, held in plain water without preservatives, and stored for no more than 1 week (wet or dry) at 2 °C.
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Bredmose, Niels B. "Growth, Flowering, and Postharvest Performance of Single-stemmed Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) Plants in Response to Light Quantum Integral and Plant Population Density." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123, no. 4 (July 1998): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.123.4.569.
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The cut rose, grown as a single-stemmed crop, resembles a potted plant and can be adapted to transportable bench systems. Potentially, this cultivation method could increase control of rose development, flexibility of production and produce, and automation of difficult or laborious cultural operations. Synchronous growth and flowering is considered important. The effects of increased quantum irradiation integral and plant density on shoot growth, fresh biomass production, and bloom quality were studied as single-stemmed rose plants (Rosa hybrida L.) `Kordapa' Lambada, `Tanettahn' Manhattan Blue, `Tanorelav' Red Velvet, and `Sweet Promise' Sonia grown under 20 hours photoperiods at 23 °C average air temperature. Plants were grown in rockwool cubes on ebb and flood benches irrigated with a complete nutrient solution, and were supplied with carbon dioxide at 1000 μmol·mol-1. Increased the daily quantum integral from 17.8 to 21.0 mol·m-2·d-1 increased fresh biomass efficiency, stem diameter, and specific fresh mass while number of nodes, number of five-leaflet-leaves, plastochron value, and stem length at anthesis decreased. Fresh mass at anthesis was not affected by the treatments. Increasing plant population density from 100 to 178 plants/m2 increased stem length at visible flower bud, and reduced both fresh biomass efficiency and specific fresh mass. These effects are suggested to be related to assimilate supply and translocation, and light perception of the roses. High quantum integral slightly reduced flower diameter but in general, quantum integral or plant density did not affect bloom quality or vase life. Use of preservative floral solution generally improved rose flower diameter and vase life. In Lambada increased light quantum integral prolonged vase life, but use of preservative solution did not. The cultivars Sonia and Red Velvet required 19 to 20 days from cutting/planting until onset of bud growth, 29 to 34 days until visible flower bud, and 39 to 49 days until anthesis. Red Velvet roses were ≈60 cm long at anthesis, and had larger stem diameter and growth rate, accumulated more fresh biomass, were most efficient producing fresh biomass, and had higher specific fresh mass among the cultivars. Light quantum integral is suggested to be used as a means to synchronize single-stemmed rose plant development.
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Leonard, Ria T., Terril A. Nell, Jim E. Barrett, and David G. Clark. "499 Postharvest Care and Handling Practices for Cut Poinsettia cv. `Winter Rose Dark Red'." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 480D—480. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.480d.
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The traditional use of poinsettias has been as potted plants. A new poinsettia variety, `Winter Rose Dark Red', is performing well as a cut flower, lasting 2 to 3 weeks. Various postharvest handling procedures were examined, including stem processing methods at harvest, storage and transit conditions, as well as handling practices at the wholesale, retail, and consumer levels, to determine the best handling practices to maximize quality and longevity. At harvest, traditional latex controlling techniques, such as dipping stems in 95% ethanol for 10 min and burning or boiling stem tips were tested. Stems wilted faster when dipped in ethanol or burned. The woody nature of the stem contains little latex compared to traditional varieties; thus, no latex-controlling methods are needed or beneficial. After harvest, there was no benefit found in hydrating stems in a commercial hydration solution compared to plain water. Transport and/or storage conditions between 10 to 15 °C for 3 to 4 days maximized longevity. Chilling injury occurred when transported at 4 °C. Leaves and bracts wilted when stored dry in a box, but recovered within 12 to 24 h when stored for 2 days. Leaves abscised after exposure to short-term wilting but no bract abscission occurred. Storing stems in a 10% bleach solution prevented wilting and reduced bacterial growth. Bracts were sensitive to mechanical injury during transit, resulting in bruising lesions on the bracts, which increased sensitivity to bract edge burn. Stems declined faster when maintained in a floral preservative compared to water during the consumer phase.
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Suzuki, Ayumi, Ria T. Leonard, Terril A. Nell, Jim E. Barrett, and David G. Clark. "500 Evaluating the Benefit of Cutting Flower Stems Underwater." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 480E—480. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.480e.
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It has traditionally been recommended to cut flower stems underwater to reduce blockage and improve water uptake, although little scientific information relates this practice to vase life. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the benefit of this processing technique on quality and longevity of several cut flowers species. Stems were either cut dry or cut wet under deionized water with a stainless steel blade and placed into vases containing a commercial floral preservative. Water samples were obtained from the cutting tank over time during stem processing for bacteria counts. Stems were maintained at 2 °C at 10 μmol·m–2·s–1 (12 h/day). The results were variable from shipment to shipment, possibly due to differences in stem quality or cutting water quality. In most cases, cutting underwater had no effect on longevity of alstroemeria, chrysanthemums, gerbera daisy, roses, or snapdragons. However, in a few instances, cutting underwater improved longevity slightly. Cutting stems underwater was consistently effective in increasing longevity 2-4 days for carnations. Bacteria counts in the cutting tank water after 500 stems were processed were 6/34 × 106 propagules/mL and increased to 1.00 × 107 propagules/mL after 1000 stems. The increase in bacteria decreased leaf quality in roses and reduced the number of snapdragon flowers that opened, but did not affect longevity. In gerberas, however, longevity decreased 2 days. A high concentration of bacteria in the cutting water may effect quality and longevity of many cut flower species and may negate any benefit in cutting stems underwater.
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Jenkins, Morgan M., Kimberly A. Williams, and Laura A. Brannon. "Increased Knowledge about Floral Preservatives Influences Consumers’ Perception of the Quality and Value of a Floral Arrangement Purchase." HortTechnology 23, no. 2 (April 2013): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.2.142.
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This research examines whether knowledge about floral preservatives increases consumers’ perception of quality, purchase intention, and price of a floral arrangement. A survey was administered to 222 participants at two locations in Manhattan, KS. Seventy-three percent of respondents fell within Generation Y (18 to 30 years old). The survey instrument presented four levels of presentation of a floral arrangement that were associated with increasing knowledge about the use of floral preservatives on consumers’ perceptions about the quality and price of that arrangement, as follows: Level 1 showed a photo of a floral arrangement without preservatives; Level 2 showed the same photo of a floral arrangement with a small, unlabeled packet of preservatives; Level 3 showed the same photo of a floral arrangement with a large, clearly labeled packet of preservatives; and Level 4 showed the same photos as Level 3 but was presented after a 191-word message describing the three functions of floral preservatives. Participants of the survey rated the quality of a floral arrangement higher from Level 2 (presence of floral preservatives not explicit) to Level 3 (presence of floral preservatives explicit) and from Level 3 to Level 4 (after reading a message about floral preservatives’ function and effectiveness). Their intent to purchase the floral arrangement generally increased with each level of presentation. Females indicated intention to purchase flowers more frequently than males. Participants increased the price that they were willing to pay for the floral arrangement at each level of presentation, starting at $25.46 at Level 1 (no floral preservatives use indicated) to $29.19 at Level 4. Participants were more knowledgeable about the benefits of floral preservatives and believed that floral preservatives increased the value of floral arrangements after reading a message describing their function and effectiveness more so than before reading a message. The younger the respondent, the more willing they were to pay more for floral arrangements with floral preservatives. As consumers become more aware of the use of floral preservatives and more knowledgeable about how and why they are effective, they attribute higher quality to floral arrangements with preservatives, they are willing to pay more for arrangements with preservatives, and their purchase intention frequency increases. Florists should always use preservatives in their processing and construction of fresh floral arrangements, consider providing a message about the function and effectiveness of floral preservatives to their customers, and then market their use of these materials.
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Dai, Jingwei, and Robert E. Paull. "Effect of Water Status on Dendrobium Flower Spray Postharvest Life." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 3 (May 1991): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.3.491.
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The postharvest life of Dendrobium spp. flower sprays was limited by wilting and shedding of individual “flowers. Late-summer-harvested sprays had a reduced postharvest life compared to winter-harvested sprays. Cultivars differed in postharvest life in response to packing and storing for 2 days at 22C. Water 10ss rates of `Princess' sprays continuously held in deionized water declined from ≈ 1.25 g/day per spray 4 days after harvest to 0.35 g/day per spray 20 days later. Flower shedding occurred when the rate of water loss fell below ≈1.0 g/day per spray. Addition of a floral preservative to the vase water slowed the decline in water loss and increased postharvest life. Sprays packed and stored for 6 days at 22C had half the postharvest life of nonpacked controls held in deionized water or of sprays packed for 2 or 4 days at 22C. Submerging sprays in water immediately after harvest did not significantly increase postharvest life; submerging the sprays after harvest, before packing, and again after unpacking reduced postharvest life. Sprays could not be held for more than 4 days at 10C without suffering chilling injury. Silver thiosulphate (2 mm) and other silver preparations had no effect on postharvest life, although silver ions did reach the top flowers of the spray; thus, ethylene may play only a minor role in spray postharvest life. The postharvest life of sprays was increased by using boiled deionized water in vase solutions and by the continuous presence of chloramphenicol. Other antimicrobial agents, such as Physan, sodium hypochlorite, and sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione dihydrate were without effect. Microbial growth in the vase solution and at the cut stem end mav have reduced water transport and induced subsequent flower wilting and shedding.
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Singh, Krishna, Beena Singh, Dama Ram, DS Thakur, and GP Ayam. "Standardization of Floral Preservatives Affecting the Enzyme Activity in Petals of Tuberose Spikes." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 1573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.11.3.43.
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Rex, Gillian M., and Andrew C. Scott. "The sedimentology, palaeoecology and preservation of the Lower Carboniferous plant deposits at Pettycur, Fife, Scotland." Geological Magazine 124, no. 1 (January 1987): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800015776.
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AbstractThe Lower Carboniferous (Asbian) sediments and volcanics of the Pettycur region in Fife, Scotland, yield several important anatomically preserved floras including that from the famous ‘Pettycur Limestone’. The plant fossils are preserved as calcareous permineralizations and fusain within limestone blocks which occur at the base of basaltic lava flows or within pyroclastic sequences. The geology and sedimentology of these plant deposits have been investigated, and it is demonstrated that a number of plant-bearing facies can be recognized which reflect different modes of transport, deposition and fossilization. Of these facies the ‘Pettycur Limestone’ is the most well known. The lithology is composed of a distinct assemblage dominated by lycopods and the pteridosperm, Heterangium. Other assemblages include a limestone dominated by zygopterid ferns which are frequently fusainized and the Kingswood Limestone which contains a completely different flora to that at Pettycur, being dominated by pteridosperms, other gymnosperms and the lycopod Oxroadia. Each sediment type is characterized by a distinct mineralization history of the plants reflecting different sites of fossilization.A hypothesis concerning the original ecology of the plant assemblages within the basaltic volcanic terrain is proposed. It is suggested that the Pettycur Limestone represents an established original peat within which the plants were permineralized. The zygopterid ferns occupied sites which were susceptible to wildfire and did not establish long-lived peat-forming communities. The Kingswood flora was established in a region where plants were prone to fire and then subsequently transported into an area of limestone deposition along with unburnt plant fragments. This flora was separated by space and/or time from the Pettycur floras. Lakes developed on lava surfaces and provided sites of fossilization for plant fragments as compressions.
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Olijnyk, M. P., and V. I. Parpan. "The dynamics of systematic structure floral complexes on the old fields during secondary succession." Ecology and Noospherology 25, no. 3-4 (September 15, 2014): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031419.
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The national plan of actions concerning the natural environmental protection in Ukraine in 2011–2015 presupposes the average reduce of the arable lands by 5–10 % with the help of withdrawal from the intense farming, preserving of the degradation and inefficient agriculture lands, with a purpose of the natural carcass elements extension (forests, meadows, pastures) and the rationalization of the agro-landscapes structure. It is known that the fitocenoses play a deciding role in the system of environmental preservation actions, its upgrade and improvement. According to the data of the Department of State Land Cadastre of State Land Agency of Ukraine of 01.01.2013 277.2 thousands hectares of land were excluded from the category of arable land and transferred to the old field land class consisting 0,5 % of the general area of Ukraine that is transforming under the influence of natural and anthropogenic processes. These changes in the structure and dynamics of the main landscape parameters and the danger of losing a significant part of biodiversity determine the relevance of the investigating systematic structure of the old-field species-composition at different stages of secondary succession. The research was made in 2010–2013 with the help of route and stationary methods on the calculation ground: 2×2 m for the grassy vegetation, 10×10 m for the tree and bush vegetation. The plots were chosen on different stages of the secondary succession, which most fully reflect the representatives of the flora complexes and enclose the whole spectrum of the main abiotic factors of its forming: I – old-fields, which were not processed for 1–3 years, II – old-fields, which were not processed for 4–7 years, III – old-fields, which were not processed for 8–13 years, IV – old-fields, which were not processed for 14–22 years. Taxonomic composition is given according to the field studies and basing on the collected herbarium material. Systematic spectrum (leading, middle and final) was defined using an average index of saturation (H) of higher rank taxa with lower rank taxa. To the middle part there belonged the amount of lower rank taxa equal to the average index of saturation of higher rank taxa ± 50 % of its value: H ± 0.5 × H. To compare the degree of species composition similarity there was used the Jaccard similarity coefficient (Kj). The similarity degree of floral complexes according to the systematic structure was defined using modified Bravais-Pearson coefficient of correlation (r). Taxonomic composition of the old-field land floral complexes of Prydnistrovske Podillia showed that it numbered 413 species belonging to 238 genera and 64 families. The old field floral complexes of the studied territory are characterized by the dominance by the amount of species and genera of few families, the taxonomic spectrum of which comprises 264 species (63,9 %) and 150 genera (62,9 %). In the genera spectrum of floral complexes prevails monotype fraction – 204 genera (85,7 %) uniting 253 species (61,3 %). The role of absolute indices of the floristic abundance (amount of species, kinships and families) have a natural tendency to extension, which is a result of the change in soil and climatic as well as the cenotic conditions in the process of demutation of the flora cover in the old-fields. The analysis of the floral wealth, systematic diversity and taxonomic composition indicate the dynamic process of flora-genesis at the old field lands and the largest similarity of floras of the 3rd and the 4th degrees of secondary succession as a result of stabilization of ecological conditions. The least similar are the floral complexes of the 1st and the 4th degrees of syngenesis. Besides the general systematic structure of the flora complexes of the old-fields, the determination of the species abundance of the biotopic old-plough lands still remains urgent. Based on the principles of the heterogeneity and change of the vegetation depending on the dynamics indices of the environment, dimensionally (discretely), as well as timely (successively) on the territory of the research, we found out and described the species abundance of 10 biotypes. The analysis of biotopes species composition similarity shows that most of them are characterized by low degree similarity. Our further researches will be connected with the peculiarities of the ecological succession at old field lands. The ecological analysis of floral complexes was based on the study of O. L. Belgard about ecomorphs.
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Doležálková, I., Z. Máčalík, A. Butkovičová, R. Janiš, and L. Buňková. "Monoacylglycerols as fruit juices preservatives." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 6 (December 1, 2012): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/485/2011-cjfs.
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Limiting or preventing the growth of undesirable microbial flora in food products is one of the main goals of food microbiology. A number of preservation methods have been designed to extend the shelf-life of the food products by reducing the microbial growth while new antimicrobials are still examined. Monoglycerides are naturally occurring compounds with inhibitory activity against various microorganisms. We evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 8 monoglycerides in vitro and in fresh unpasteurised apple juice. Out of all monoglycerides tested, monocaprin (MAG C10:0) and monolaurin (MAG C12:0) showed the best ability to supress or prevent the growth of filamentous fungi in vitro. The addition of these monoglycerides to apple juice resulted in a decrease in total viable counts of bacteria and yeasts. Monocaprin was able to stop completely the growth of bacteria and yeasts at a concentration of 250 µg/ml, and to prevent microbial spoilage of apple juices for at least two weeks.
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Inocian, Reynaldo, Kristel Joy Irmano, Evelyn Sitoy, April Rose Delgado, and Elena Lozano. "Cebu’s Places Named After Endemic Flora: Basis for Innovative Teaching Models." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 7, no. 10 (October 29, 2020): 6241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v7i010.06.
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The study demystified the places in Cebu named after an endemic flora. To answer the main problem, the following objectives were raised: (1) determine the clusters of flora used in the naming of places in Cebu, (2) identify the reasons why the barangays, towns, and cities are named after a specific flora; (3) describe the local stories of the communities as regards to the naming of places, (4) ascertain the local government intervention to promote the identity awareness of their places, and (5) design indigenized teaching models for instruction. This qualitative study used a hermeneutics analysis design, which focuses on interpreting the data gathered from the various key informants. The interview guide was used. Responses were transcribed, clustered, and analyzed. Places in Cebu named after endemic flora contained valuable insights regarding time and place in the past; it served an emblem of identity. The abundance of a certain species in the environment, language variation, miscommunication, colonization and the similarity of the colonizers’ place of origin were the factors in the naming of places. Government action and implementation are great advantages in the preservation of place-names. A vibrant way to preserve it in the classroom setting is contextualizing these endemic floras through indigenized NBC teaching models: Narra, Balili, and Cogon created a unique repertoire of teaching and its stories ignited students’ interest in learning and nuanced familiarity in the preservation of the community’s identity and pride of place.
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Knee, Michael. "Selection of biocides for use in floral preservatives." Postharvest Biology and Technology 18, no. 3 (April 2000): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5214(99)00074-5.
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Gast, Karen L. B. "Postharvest Evaluation of Fresh Cut Sunflower Cultivars." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 637b—637. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.637b.
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Specialty cut flowers are gaining a greater market share of the floral industry. One species that seems to be losing its fad status and again becoming a market mainstay are sunflowers. In response to that demand seed companies are introducing new sunflower cultivars. Little work has been done to evaluate and compare the postharvest life of these new cultivars. A study was conducted Summer 1995 to determine the postharvest life of several cultivars using both water and floral preservatives. Less than half of the cultivars evaluated had an acceptable commercial postharvest life when only water was used. When fresh flower preservatives were used only three of the cultivars evaluated had an unacceptable postharvest life. The addition of floral preservatives significantly increased the postharvest life of more than a third of the cultivars evaluated, but only two thirds of those had their postharvest life increased into the acceptable range. Cultivars found to have an acceptable postharvest life include a wide variety of colors, plant heights and pollenless flowers, giving the grower a wide choice of cultivars for commercial production.
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Pšenička, Josef, Stanislav Opluštil, Ausonio Ronchi, and Zbyněk Šimůnek. "Revision of the Pennsylvanian Flora from Val Sanagra in Western Part of the Southern Alps (Italy)." Folia Musei rerum naturalium Bohemiae occidentalis. Geologica et Paleobiologica 46, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2012): 31–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fbgp-2013-0003.
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Abstract The Pennsylvanian flora from the Alpe Logone/Val Sanagra locality in the Western Lombardy (Southern Alps, Italy) last underwent a taxonomic study in the mid 20th century. The main problem is generally poor preservation of the plant remains, which makes their identification problematic. Despite this, the authors have identified 43 fossil species from this locality. Based on the sedimentary context of this paleoflora, we assume that the Val Sanagra sediments were deposited in a continental setting, in a fluvial environment with a well-developed and vegetated floodplain where where clastic substrates would locally and occasionally change into peat swamp. The common presence of rhytidolepis and sub-rhytidolepis sigillarias, as well of Eusphenopteris neuropteroides, Lobatopteris miltonii, Mariopteris latifolia, Paripteris linguaefolia, Pecopteris microphylla, Alethopteris sp. (cf. grandinii) indicates that the flora from the Val Sanagra locality spans the interval between the Duckmantian and Bolsovian (middle Moscovian), and thus represents one of the oldest Pennsylvanian floras of the Southern Alps.
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KORASIDIS, VERA A., MALCOLM W. WALLACE, ANNE-MARIE P. TOSOLINI, and ROBERT S. HILL. "THE ORIGIN OF FLORAL LAGERSTÄTTEN IN COALS." PALAIOS 35, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2019.073.
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ABSTRACT Floral Lagerstätten deposits (i.e., fossil sites with exceptional preservation and diversity) are preserved within the Miocene brown coals of the Latrobe Group, Gippsland Basin, Australia. Three independent mechanisms are conducive to their accumulation. Throughout the coal seams the conversion of plant material into charcoal (fusain) and its accumulation in a subaqueous setting provides one means of near-perfect preservation. A second and more uncommon example occurs in the form of a 20 cm thick leaf-litter horizon that extends for over two kilometers. In this case, flooding of freshwater tributaries and lakes during the early stages of low-gradient peat development resulted in an extensive, shallow, acidic and water-filled depression that subsequently accumulated and preserved the surrounding plant material. The third and most common form results from the deposition of plant material into small, isolated pools that formed as depressions on the ombrogenous (i.e., rain-fed) and domed surface of the peatlands. In all of these settings an essential component allowing detailed floral preservation is the delivery of plant material directly to the anaerobic catotelm (i.e., below the water table), hence avoiding the physical and chemical processes of degradation that typically occur in the surficial aerobic acrotelm (i.e., above the water table). Leaf litter that falls into low-energy acidic and anoxic water-filled depressions that lie below the acrotelm will likely be well-preserved.
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Moreau, Jean-David, Louis Baret, Gérard Lafaurie, and Carmela Chateau-Smith. "Terrestrial plants and marine algae from the Late Jurassic lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean (Lozère, southern France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 187, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.187.2.121.
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Abstract A new Late Jurassic flora was discovered in the fossiliferous lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean, Lozère (southern France). It consists of the first Kimmeridgian/Tithonian plants from this area. Fossil plants are represented by megaremains preserved as impressions. This flora shows a co-occurrence of terrestrial plants and marine algae. The land plants include vegetative remains ascribed to bennettitaleans (Zamites Brongniart, 1828), conifers (Brachyphyllum Brongniart, 1828), and pteridosperms (Cycadopteris Zigno, 1853). Marine algae were ascribed to dasyclads (Goniolina D’Orbigny, 1850). Lithological and palaeontological features suggest preservation in a flat, homogeneous, protected environment, perhaps a brackish or marine lagoon, influenced by both continental and marine inputs. This discovery complements the few existing reports of European Late Jurassic floras, and indicates that coastal habitats were dominated by sub-arborescent vegetation, consisting of bennettitaleans and pteridosperms, and arborescent plants, such as conifers. Both the palaeoenvironmental context and certain xerophytic features suggest that these terrestrial plants from the Causse Méjean were well adapted to the hot, dry conditions of coastal areas.
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Calderón, José Pizano, Carmen Rodríguez López, E. Gabriel Alcántar González, María De Las Nieves Rodríguez Mendoza, Elda Araceli Gaytan Acuña, and Agustín Limón Ortega. "Amarillamiento en hoja y tallo de Alstroemeria cv. ‘Olga’ en invernadero y poscosecha." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 11, no. 2 (March 24, 2020): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v11i2.1805.
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La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en invernadero, con rizomas de Alstroemeria cultivar ‘Olga’, bajo sistema hidropónico, con solución universal de Steiner hasta la cosecha. Consistió en dos etapas: fase de invernadero y vida de florero. En invernadero se aplicó fertilización foliar al cultivo bajo un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones. Se evaluaron ocho dosis de fertilización Ca(NO3)2, MgSO4- y FeEDTA. Las variables evaluadas fueron: clorofila, longitud de hoja, diámetro del tallo, número de hojas por tallo y longitud de tallos. En vida de florero se realizó en septiembre de 2013. Como solución preservativa se evaluaron dos concentraciones de la solución universal Steiner. Como testigo se usó agua de llave, solución preservativa comercial Chrysal Clear®. La unidad experimental fue un tallo floral. Las variables evaluadas fueron: clorofila, biomasa fresca, transpiración indirecta, clorofila total por el método AOAC, días en florero y apertura floral. A 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 y 10 días después del corte. En la fase de invernadero, la longitud de tallos, número de hojas por tallo y longitud de hojas, fue independiente de la dosis y frecuencia de aplicación de fertilizantes foliares. Las lecturas SPAD, el tratamiento que mostró efecto desde la primera evaluación fue el 5 con aplicación foliar de Ca(NO3)2 2 g L-1, siendo diferente al resto de los tratamientos. El diámetro del tallo aumentó con la aplicación, cada 15 días de Ca(NO3)2 1 g L-1 vía foliar. En la vida de florero las lecturas SPAD y clorofila total de los tratamientos cinco y seis mostraron valores mayores. Es posible mantener los tallos florales con una fertilización foliar de Ca(NO3)2 2 g L-1 cuyo efecto en postcosecha fue diferente a los demás tratamientos en relación a la clorofila. Esta dosis aplicada en precosecha más la adición de un producto preservativo en postcosecha es importante en la conservación del color verde de las hojas.
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An, Han Sem, Jongwon Hong, Eu Jin Jang, Aekyung Lee, and Jongyun Kim. "Current Status and Recognition of Floral Preservatives in Korean Flower Shops." Flower Research Journal 26, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11623/frj.2018.26.4.06.
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Serrano-Díaz, Jéssica, Ana M. Sánchez, Andrés Alvarruiz, and Gonzalo L. Alonso. "Preservation of saffron floral bio-residues by hot air convection." Food Chemistry 141, no. 2 (November 2013): 1536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.029.
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Malkin, Robert, and Caroline Howard. "A Foilized Polyethylene Pouch for the Prevention of Transmission of HIV from Mother to Child." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (September 14, 2012): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701206010092.
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Many children become HIV+ due to mother-to-child transmission, a risk that can be largely eliminated if infants ingest antiretroviral (ARV) medications immediately after birth. As most mothers in Africa deliver at home, the ARV must be provided at their last antenatal visit, sometimes months before birth. No current drug delivery system allows the mother to store the medication at home long enough to be effective. We propose a preserving, foilized, polyethylene pouch to be pre-dosed and sealed by a pharmacist for later delivery to the newborn. Pouches were filled with 0.6 ml of Nevirapine (NVP). Thirty-three pouches were immediately studied to measure the impact of medication handling (oxygen, light, filling and sealing the pouches). The remaining samples were stored for up to one year at three storage conditions (25°C/60%RH, 30°C/65%RH, and 40°C/75%RH). Every two months, moisture loss, preservative concentration, impurity concentrations and NVP concentration were measured. Flora and fauna challenges were conducted. The pouch nearly eliminated moisture loss: pouches lost less than 0.7% of their weight over twelve months. As expected, exposing the medication to light, oxygen, and handling significantly affected the sacrificial preservative concentrations (Propyl paraben dropped 38%, Methyl paraben dropped 12% at time point zero). However, after the initial time point, preservative levels were stable in the package over twelve months under all storage conditions (4.1% average concentration drop), leaving sufficient preservatives to protect the medication. The concentration of NVP changed an average of only 1.3% over all storage conditions and times points (maximum 1.4%). We conclude that the foilized polyethylene pouch can preserve NVP, and perhaps other ARV’s, for up to one year.
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CARRAMIÑANA, J. J., C. ROTA, J. BURILLO, and A. HERRERA. "Antibacterial Efficiency of Spanish Satureja montana Essential Oil against Listeria monocytogenes among Natural Flora in Minced Pork." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.3.502.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of winter savory (Satureja montana) essential oil (EO) for control of growth and survival of experimentally inoculated Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b (104 CFU/g) among natural flora in minced pork. EOs of French thyme (Thymus vulgaris F) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) cultivated in the same region of Aragon (northeastern Spain) were used as reference ingredients. The EOs obtained by hydrodistillation were added at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2.5 μl/g (vol/wt), and the samples were kept at 4°C in air for up to 7 days. The populations of L. monocytogenes and total viable bacteria were determined in the control and treated samples at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Moderate activity of S. montana EO against L. monocytogenes was observed (at 2.5 μl/g, reductions of 0.27 log CFU/g by day 3 and 0.61 log CFU/g by day 7), with higher activity against aerobic flora. The greatest reduction in aerobic flora was on day 3 (at 2.5 μl/g) from 1.10 to 1.45 log CFU/g. S. montana EO was comparable to T. vulgaris F EO in listericidal activity, but R. officinalis EO was ineffective against the L. monocytogenes and aerobic flora in the minced meat model. The ~3-log reduction in aerobic flora with T. vulgaris F EO at 0.25 to 2.5 μl/g after 5 days of storage was the most significant reduction. Depending on sensory considerations, the addition of active EOs in combination with other preservation techniques for synergistic effects may provide alternatives to synthetic chemical preservatives. Suggestions on relationships between chemical composition and biological activities of EOs are outlined.
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Sasikumar, B. "Genetic resources ofCurcuma: diversity, characterization and utilization." Plant Genetic Resources 3, no. 2 (August 2005): 230–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr200574.
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The genusCurcuma(familyZingiberaceae) comprising over 80 species of rhizomatous herbs, is endowed with widespread adaptation from sea level to altitude as high as 2000 m in the Western Ghats and Himalayas. Having originated in the Indo-Malayan region, the genus is widely distributed in the tropics of Asia to Africa and Australia.Curcumaspecies exhibit inter- and intra-specific variation for the biologically active principles coupled with morphological variation with respect to the above-ground vegetative and floral characters as well as the below-ground rhizome features besides for curcumin, oleoresin and essential oil.Curcumais gaining importance world over as a potential source of new drug(s) to combat a variety of ailments as the species contain molecules credited with anti-inflammatory, hypocholestraemic, choleratic, antimicrobial, insect repellent, antirheumatic, antifibrotic, antivenomous, antiviral, antidiabetic, antihepatotoxic as well as anticancerous properties. Turmeric oil is also used in aromatherapy and in the perfume industry. Though the traditional Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine and Chinese medicine long ago recognized the medicinal property of turmeric in its crude form, the last few decades have witnessed extensive research interests in the biological activity and pharmacological actions ofCurcuma, especially the cultivated species. Turmeric powder obtained from rhizomes ofCurcuma longaor related species is extensively used as a spice, food preservative and colouring material, in religious applications as well as a household remedy for bilary and hepatic disorders, anorexia, diabetic wounds, rheumatism and sinusitis in India, China and South-East Asia and in folk medicine. Cucuminoids, the biologically active principles fromCurcuma, promise a potential role in the control of rheumatism, carcinogenesis and oxidative stress-related pathogenesis.Curcuma longaL. syn.Curcuma domesticaVal., common turmeric, is the most economically valuable member of the genus having over 150,000 hectares under its cultivation in India. In addition toCurcuma longa, the other economically important species of the genus areC. aromatica, used in medicine and toiletry articles,C. kwangsiensis,C. ochrorhiza,C. pierreana,C. zedoaria,C. caesiaetc. used in folk medicines of the South-East Asian nations;C. alismatifolia,C. roscoeanaetc. with floricultural importance;Curcuma amadaused as medicine, and in a variety of culinary preparations, pickles and salads, andC. zedoaria,C. malabarica,C. pseudomontana,C. montana,C. decipiens,C. angustifolia,C. rubescens,C. haritha,C. caulinaetc. all used in arrowroot manufacturing. Crop improvement work has been attempted mainly inC. longaand to a little extent inC. amada. At present there are about 20 improved varieties ofC. longain India and one inC. amada, evolved through germplasm/clonal selection, mutation breeding or open-pollinated progeny (true turmeric seedlings) selection. Though work on morphological characterization ofCurcumaspecies has been attempted, its molecular characterization is in a nascent stage except for some genetic fidelity studies of micropropagated plants and isozyme-based characterization. The genus has also been examined from the biochemical profiling and anatomical characterization angle. This article is intended to provide an overview of biological diversity in the genusCurcumafrom a utilitarian and bio-prospection viewpoint.
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Sakuragi, Tadakazu, Hiroyuki Ishino, and Kenjiro Dan. "Bactericidal Activity of 0.5% Bupivacaine With Preservatives on Microorganisms in the Human Skin Flora." Regional Anesthesia: The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics, Surgery, & Pain Control 22, no. 2 (March 1997): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199722020-00012.
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Background and ObjectivesThe bactericidal activity of 0.5% bupivacaine with preservatives at body temperature and at room temperature is not known. We studied the bactericidal activity of 0.5% bupivacaine with 0.08% methyl para-oxybenzoate and 0.02% propyl para-aminobenzoate as preservatives and of the preservatives alone at 37°C and at room temperature on two strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, two strains of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, and one strain each of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Methods. The pathogen was exposed to 0.5% bupivacaine with preservatives or to the preservatives alone for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours at 37°C and at room temperature. The inocula from these suspensions were cultured for 48 hours at 37°C after the antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine was inactivated by 1:1,000 dilution with physiological saline.ResultsThe 1- through 12-hour exposures of four strains of S. aureus to 0.5% bupivacaine with preservatives at room temperature reduced the mean colony count by 24.2%, 49.2%, 71.3%, and 89.6%, respectively, and the exposure at 37°C reduced the count by 74.1%, 95.2%, 99.9%, and 99.8%, respectively. The differences for 1- through 12-hour exposures were significant (P < .001). The percentage kill in the strains of E. coli and S. epidermidis was significantly higher than that in the strains of S. aureus at all exposure times at room temperature (E. coli, P < .001; S. epidermidis, P < .0001) and at 1- and 3-hour exposures at 37°C (E. coli, P < .001; S. epidermidis, P < .0001). The bactericidal activity of the preservatives was markedly lower that that of 0.5% bupivacaine with preservatives (P < .0001).ConclusionsThe bactericidal activity of 0.5% bupivacaine with preservatives is stronger at body temperature than at room temperature; the bactericidal activity may be due, to a large extent, to bupivacaine rather than to the preservatives; and S. aureus is more resistant to the bactericidal activity of bupivacaine than are S. epidermidis and E. coli.
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Hinesley, L. E., and Sylvia M. Blankenship. "Effect of Water Additives on Fraser Fir Needle Retention." HortTechnology 1, no. 1 (October 1991): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.1.1.90.
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Several floral and tree preservatives were evaluated to determine their effect on postharvest needle retention of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.], an important Christmas tree species. Clorox (sodium hypochlorite) and aspirin (salicylic acid) caused massive needle loss, and three of the six commercial additives increased needle loss significantly, No treatment was better than water alone.