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Journal articles on the topic 'Floral resource sharing'
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Macior, Lazarus Walter. "Floral Resource Sharing by Bumblebees and Hummingbirds in Pedicularis (Scrophulariaceae) Pollination." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 113, no. 2 (1986): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2995932.
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MISSAGIA, CAIO C. C., FÁBIO C. VERÇOZA, and MARIA ALICE S. ALVES. "Reproductive phenology and sharing of floral resource among hummingbirds (Trochilidae) in inflorescences of Dahlstedtia pinnata (Benth.) Malme. (Fabaceae) in the Atlantic forest." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 4 (2014): 1693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130134.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive phenology and sharing of floral resource (nectar) of Dahlstedtia pinnata (Benth.) Malme. (Fabaceae), endemic of Atlantic forest, among hummingbirds. For the phenology, we looked at the presence of reproductive structures in the plants, and for floral resource sharing, the frequency of potential pollinators and foraging behaviors were examined. This study was conducted in Pedra Branca State Park, in state of Rio de Janeiro, in a dense ombrophilous forest, between August 2010 and August 2011. Flowering occurred between December 2010 and March 2011, and fruiting between April and June 2011. Hummingbirds' foraging schedules differed significantly, with legitimate visits to the flowers occurring in the morning and illegitimate visits occurring during late morning and the afternoon. Five species visited flowers, three of which were legitimate visitors: Phaethornis ruber, P. pretrei, and Ramphodon naevius. Amazilia fimbriata and Thalurania glaucopis females only visited illegitimately. Phaethornis ruber robbed nectar (78% of illegitimate visits, n=337). Ramphodon naevius, with a territorial foraging behavior and a body size bigger than that of other observed hummingbird species, dominated the floral visits, which suggests that D. pinnata is an important nourishing resource for this endemic bird of the Atlantic forest, currently globally categorized as Near Threatened.
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Nzigou, Doubindou Elie, and Alexandra Ley. "Flower morphological differentiation and plant-pollinator interactions among sympatric Aframomum species (Zingiberaceae) with floral trumpet type in the tropical African rainforest." Plant Ecology and Evolution 154, no. (3) (2021): 447–57. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1860.
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<b>Background and aims</b> – Diversification in plant-pollinator interactions based on floral diversity is potentially a mechanism of coexistence in angiosperms. However, besides high floral diversity, some genera seemingly exhibit the same floral type in many of their species. This contradicts some expectations of competitive exclusion. We thus tested on a finer flower morphological scale whether five sympatric <em>Aframomum</em> species (61 spp., Zingiberaceae) in southeastern Gabon exhibiting the same general floral type (trumpet) were differentiated, and whether this resulted in different "pollinator niches".<b>Material and methods</b> – We carried out a detailed survey measuring 18 flower morphological parameters as well as nectar volume (μl) and sugar concentration (% Brix) on five flowers per species and locality. Furthermore, we observed inflorescence phenology and pollinator activity from 8 am to 4 pm for 12 to 50 hours per species and conducted pollinator exclusion experiments.<b>Key results</b> – This study proves fine-scale flower morphological and resource differentiation within the trumpet floral type. Pollination-relevant parts of the flowers, however, remain constant across species. Our pollinator observations reveal the same broad bee pollinator spectrum for all observed simultaneously flowering sympatric species.<b>Conclusion</b> – As we could not detect a pollinator-based differentiation in the studied sympatric <em>Aframomum</em> species we assume that species boundaries developed randomly by genetic drift during geographic isolation in the past. The trumpet floral type and its pollinator guild, however, were maintained due to similar selection pressures in comparable habitats during isolation and are potentially an advantage for increased pollinator attraction through co-flowering.
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Dalmon, Anne, Virgine Diévart, Maxime Thomasson, et al. "Possible Spillover of Pathogens between Bee Communities Foraging on the Same Floral Resource." Insects 12, no. 2 (2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020122.
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Viruses are known to contribute to bee population decline. Possible spillover is suspected from the co-occurrence of viruses in wild bees and honey bees. In order to study the risk of virus transmission between wild and managed bee species sharing the same floral resource, we tried to maximize the possible cross-infections using Phacelia tanacetifolia, which is highly attractive to honey bees and a broad range of wild bee species. Virus prevalence was compared over two years in Southern France. A total of 1137 wild bees from 29 wild bee species (based on COI barcoding) and 920 honey bees (Apis mellifera) were checked for the seven most common honey bee RNA viruses. Halictid bees were the most abundant. Co-infections were frequent, and Sacbrood virus (SBV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) were widespread in the hymenopteran pollinator community. Conversely, Deformed wing virus (DWV) was detected at low levels in wild bees, whereas it was highly prevalent in honey bees (78.3% of the samples). Both wild bee and honey bee virus isolates were sequenced to look for possible host-specificity or geographical structuring. ABPV phylogeny suggested a specific cluster for Eucera bees, while isolates of DWV from bumble bees (Bombus spp.) clustered together with honey bee isolates, suggesting a possible spillover.
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Wise, Michael J. "Why fitness impacts of different herbivores may combine nonadditively, and why it matters to the ecology and evolution of plant-herbivore communities." Plant Ecology and Evolution 156, no. 1 (2023): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.95982.
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Background and aims – The manner by which the effects of multiple antagonists combine is a fundamental issue in ecology. This issue has been especially important in plant-herbivore evolutionary ecology—particularly predicting whether the combined fitness impacts of multiple herbivores on a shared host plant can be inferred by simply adding the individual impacts that each herbivore has when feeding alone. Despite accumulating empirical data, relatively little theoretical progress has been made in explaining why impacts of herbivore damage often combine nonadditively, as well as predicting the conditions that lead to a greater-than-additive (synergistic) or to a less-than-additive (subadditive) pattern. Material and methods – Based on considerations of limiting resources and source-sink relationships, I proposed and tested two hypotheses: 1) The fitness impacts of two species of herbivores that affect the same resource (i.e. feed on the same tissue in a similar fashion) will combine in a synergistic pattern (if that resource is not limiting reproduction when plants do not experience herbivory), and 2) The fitness impacts of two herbivores that affect different resources (i.e. feed on different tissues) will combine in a subadditive pattern. I performed a field experiment in which horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) was exposed to a factorial combination of four levels of leaf herbivory and five levels of simulated floral herbivory. Key results – The results were consistent with both hypotheses: 1) The combined fitness impact of flower damage that was simulated as being caused by two florivorous species feeding on the same plants was greater than the sum of the same total amount of damage when the two species were simulated as feeding individually; and 2) The combined fitness impact of the leaf and floral damage was less than the sum of the same total amount of damage when the two species fed individually. Conclusions – The main ecoevolutionary implication of these results is that subadditive impacts of leaf- and flower-feeding herbivores could weaken selection for resistance in horsenettle (or any plant species that hosts multiple herbivores), and thus subadditive impacts may contribute to the maintenance of diverse herbivore communities sharing a species of host plant.
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Wise, Michael J. "Why fitness impacts of different herbivores may combine nonadditively, and why it matters to the ecology and evolution of plant-herbivore communities." Plant Ecology and Evolution 156, no. (1) (2023): 13–28. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.95982.
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Background and aims – The manner by which the effects of multiple antagonists combine is a fundamental issue in ecology. This issue has been especially important in plant-herbivore evolutionary ecology—particularly predicting whether the combined fitness impacts of multiple herbivores on a shared host plant can be inferred by simply adding the individual impacts that each herbivore has when feeding alone. Despite accumulating empirical data, relatively little theoretical progress has been made in explaining why impacts of herbivore damage often combine nonadditively, as well as predicting the conditions that lead to a greater-than-additive (synergistic) or to a less-than-additive (subadditive) pattern. Material and methods – Based on considerations of limiting resources and source-sink relationships, I proposed and tested two hypotheses: 1) The fitness impacts of two species of herbivores that affect the same resource (i.e. feed on the same tissue in a similar fashion) will combine in a synergistic pattern (if that resource is not limiting reproduction when plants do not experience herbivory), and 2) The fitness impacts of two herbivores that affect different resources (i.e. feed on different tissues) will combine in a subadditive pattern. I performed a field experiment in which horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) was exposed to a factorial combination of four levels of leaf herbivory and five levels of simulated floral herbivory. Key results – The results were consistent with both hypotheses: 1) The combined fitness impact of flower damage that was simulated as being caused by two florivorous species feeding on the same plants was greater than the sum of the same total amount of damage when the two species were simulated as feeding individually; and 2) The combined fitness impact of the leaf and floral damage was less than the sum of the same total amount of damage when the two species fed individually. Conclusions – The main ecoevolutionary implication of these results is that subadditive impacts of leaf- and flower-feeding herbivores could weaken selection for resistance in horsenettle (or any plant species that hosts multiple herbivores), and thus subadditive impacts may contribute to the maintenance of diverse herbivore communities sharing a species of host plant.
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Wolde, Gizaw M., and Thorsten Schnurbusch. "Inferring vascular architecture of the wheat spikelet based on resource allocation in the branched headt (bht-A1) near isogenic lines." Functional Plant Biology 46, no. 11 (2019): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp19041.
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Substantial genetic and physiological efforts were made to understand the causal factors of floral abortion and grain filling problem in wheat. However, the vascular architecture during wheat spikelet development is surprisingly under-researched. We used the branched headt near-isogenic lines, FL-bht-A1-NILs, to visualise the dynamics of spikelet fertility and dry matter accumulation in spikelets sharing the same rachis node (henceforth Primary Spikelet, PSt, and Secondary Spikelet, SSt). The experiment was conducted after grouping FL-bht-A1-NILs into two groups, where tillers were consistently removed from one group. Our results show differential spikelet fertility and dry matter accumulation between the PSt and SSt, but also showed a concomitant improvement after de-tillering. This suggests a tight regulation of assimilate supply and dry matter accumulation in wheat spikelets. Since PSt and SSt share the same rachis node, the main vascular bundle in the rachis/rachilla is expected to bifurcate to connect each spikelet/floret to the vascular system. We postulate that the vascular structure in the wheat spikelet might even follow Murray’s law, where the wide conduits assigned at the base of the spikelet feed the narrower conduits of the distal florets. We discuss our results based on the two modalities of the vascular network systems in plants.
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Aguilar-Rodríguez, Pedro Adrián, Marco Tschapka, José G. García-Franco, Thorsten Krömer, and G. M. Cristina MacSwiney. "Bromeliads going batty: pollinator partitioning among sympatric chiropterophilous Bromeliaceae." AoB PLANTS 11, no. 2 (2019): plz014. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14821407.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Pollinators can be a limited resource and natural selection should favour differences in phenotypic characteristics to reduce competition among plants. Bats are important pollinators of many Neotropical plants, including the Bromeliaceae; however, the pre-pollination mechanisms for isolation among sympatric bat-pollinated bromeliads are unknown. Here, we studied the mechanisms for reproductive segregation between Pitcairnia recurvata, Pseudalcantarea viridiflora, Werauhia noctiflorens and W. nutans. The study was conducted at Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, in Veracruz, Mexico We carried out ex situ and in situ manual pollination treatments to determine the breeding system by assessing fruiting and seedling success and sampled bat visitors using mist-nets and infrared cameras. We determined the nocturnal nectar production pattern, estimating the energetic content of this reward. All four bromeliads are self-compatible, but only P. recurvata appears to require pollinators, because the physical separation between anthers and stigma prevents self-pollination, it is xenogamous and presents a strictly nocturnal anthesis. The bats Anoura geoffroyi, Glossophaga soricina and Hylonycteris underwoodi are probable pollinators of three of the studied bromeliads. We did not record any animal visiting the fourth species. The flowering season of each species is staggered throughout the year, with minimal overlap, and the floral morphology segregates the locations on the body of the bat where the pollen is deposited. The most abundant nectar per flower is provided by P. viridiflora, but P. recurvata offers the best reward per hectare, considering the density of flowering plants. Staggered flowering, different pollen deposition sites on the body of the pollinator and differences in the reward offered may have evolved to reduce the competitive costs of sharing pollinators while providing a constant supply of food to maintain a stable nectarivorous bat community.
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Barkworth, Mary E., Marina V. Olonova, Polina D. Gudkova, Zahid Ullah, and Curtis Dyreson. "Regional floras: increasing their value while reducing their cost." BIO Web of Conferences 24 (2020): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202400010.
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Regional floras are primary resources for plant identification, an essential step in developing conservation strategies. They also provide students with a scientific window on the plants around them and help them learn botanical terminology, but they are expensive to maintain and publish. We are developing web-accessible updates for different floras, as part of which we are using online resources to help us work more effectively while rapidly providing richer resources. We use Key Base for sharing dichotomous keys, linking the terminal taxa to subsidiary keys or descriptive taxon pages. Taxon pages are generated in OpenHerbarium which enables integrating specimen and observation data with descriptions, line drawings, and images and displaying maps based on georeferenced specimen data. Its nomenclatural backbone is easily modified to reflect new treatment and can also handle multiple taxonomies. We are examining is the possibility of using a Wikipedia approach to provide a glossary.
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Vargas, Manuel, Cross María Mora, José Cuadra, and Rodríguez William Ulate. "Sharing Species Pages in the Atlas of Living Costa Rica using Plinian Core." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (June 13, 2019): e35474. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.35474.
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The Atlas of Living Costa Rica (www.crbio.cr) is a biodiversity data portal based on the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) and managed by the Biodiversity Informatics Research Center (CRBio) and the National Biodiversity Institute of Costa Rica (INBio). It currently shares nearly eight million occurrence records and more than 5000 species pages about Costa Rican vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, nematodes, plants, and fungi. These pages contain information elements pertaining to, for instance, morphological descriptions, distribution, habitat, conservation status, management, nomenclature, and multimedia (Vargas et al. 2018). In order to fully integrate species pages into the ALA architecture, CRBio is working in the adoption of the Biodiversity Information Explorer (BIE), an ALA module which manages taxonomic and species contents by integrating global resources like EOL or Wikipedia. This adoption includes the required modifications to use the data model of the Plinian Core (https://github.com/tdwg/PlinianCore), a TDWG draft standard registered as an IPT extension, oriented to share species level information from local and regional sources too (Pando 2018). The advancement of Plinian Core has been lead by INBio, the Spanish Node of GBIF (GBIF Spain), the University of Granada (UG, Spain), the Alexander von Humboldt Institute (IAvH, Colombia), the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (Conabio, Mexico) and the University of Sao Paulo (USP, Brazil). This group reviewed the existing data standards to reuse as many elements as possible and avoid redundancy. Besides the aforementioned, Plinian Core is currently used by other institutions like the Chilean Ministry of Environment. Plinian Core was designed to be easy to use, self-contained, able to support data integration from multiple databases, and having the ability to handle different levels of granularity. These requirements are the result of actual needs from content creators that, through an iterative process, have yielded a more complete and flexible exchange standard to aggregate biological and non-biological species information, used by others like IBIN, the Indian Bioresource Information Network (Saran et al. 2018). Plinian Core aims to be a component in producing multiple species catalogues developed under specific constraints to serve specific purposes, instead of focusing on a unified platform while facilitating consistent aggregation and re-utilization of information (GBIF.org 2015). We will present our implementation of the BIE module in the Atlas of Living Costa Rica, following the documented best practices when sharing species level information using Plinian Core. Our demonstration will detail our lessons learned from merging the aforementioned 5000 species pages provided by INBio with several thousand of species pages assembled from the information provided by the World Flora Online through the aggregation of different Flora resources, like Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Hammel et al. 2003) that provides 5,000 plants descriptions and 350 vernacular names (http://www.worldfloraonline.org/resource?query=Manual+de+Plantas+de+Costa+Rica).
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Ji, Liqiang, Guojin He, and Dongmei Yan. "Data Sharing in CASEarth Project." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (June 19, 2019): e37280. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.37280.
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Big Earth Data Projects (CASEarth; http://www.casearth.com) is a key project to make research data in the fields of biology, ecology, environment and resource science in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) converge in a synthesis facility, to serve data driving fundamental research and decision making in China. The project was launched January 1, 2018 and funded by CAS. Data sharing is one of most important issues in the project, which is not only a prerequisity, but also a symbol for success in the big data era. A series of regulations refering to the data sharing policy in the CASEarch Project of CAS have been drafted and implemented in the project, including data quality contral, data submitting, data evaluation, data sharing to scientists and decision makers. Dozens of data sets have been re-arranged and submitted to a centralized data warehouse since June 2018, successfully aggregating >250 volumes of detailed monographs of fauna and flora, biodiversity red lists and maps, invasive species data, 3D imagery of specimens, a microbial culture catalogue, genomic data for agricultural/domestic and wild species, checklists and introducing records for botanical gardens, vegetation maps, biodiversity monitoring, nature reserves, wetland birds distribution and conservation, plant phenology (1960-present), ecosystems, paleontological data, and fundamental geographic data such as population, economy, land use, and remote sensing. The Catalogue of Life – China, a species checklist, is the backbone of the biodiversity data sets above. Our data sharing platform (http://data.casearth.cn), launched January 15, 2019, currently houses 5 PB of data. Registration is open to all, and registered users can browse metadata or keyword search on the platform and download data. Although the portal is currently available in Chinese, an English portal will be launched in 2020.
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HINSLEY, AMY, and DAVID L. ROBERTS. "Assessing the extent of access and benefit sharing in the wildlife trade: lessons from horticultural orchids in Southeast Asia." Environmental Conservation 45, no. 3 (2017): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892917000467.
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SUMMARYThe equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources is a key target of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Trade in its native species is one way in which a country can potentially benefit from its natural resources, and even small-scale traders can now access global markets online. However, little is known about the extent of benefit sharing for many products, and the extent to which the appropriate processes and permits are being used. We surveyed online trade in a lucrative and widely sold product in Southeast Asia (horticultural orchids) to assess the extent of access and benefit sharing. In total, 20.8% (n = 1120) of orchid species from the region were being sold. Although seven out of ten countries were trading, five had very little or no trade in their native species, and the majority of recently described endemic species being traded from non-range states had no reported Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora exports from their country of origin. We suggest that addressing access and benefit-sharing gaps requires wider recognition of the problem, coupled with capacity building in the countries currently benefitting least: Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. The priority should be to increase botanical capacity and enable these countries to better control the commercialization and trade of their native species.
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Tripathi, Alok, and Priyanka Koiri. "Museums in Assam : A Survey." Journal of Heritage, Archaeology & Management (JHAM) 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7079719.
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Museums are changing with changing time and also their role in the society. Assam, the most prominent state in the northeast region, is known for its rich traditions, culture, flora and fauna. This diversity among people, cultures and natural resources, heritage of human kind, needs to be preserved for study and knowledge sharing. A number of museums established since 1940 have rich collection of objects of anthropological, archaeological, art and craft, ethnographic, film, forest, geological, industry, magic, personalities, railway, religious, scientific, zoological, nature. This article gives brief description of rich and diverse collections in these museums, located at different parts of the state.
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Sil Kumar, Sudipta, and Santanu Gupta. "Decoding the influence of limnological parameters favouring cohabitation of microalgae and greater duckweeds in Lentic Ecosystems of Malda District: An attempt with Artificial Neural Network." Research Journal of Biotechnology 20, no. 3 (2025): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.25303/203rjbt075082.
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Sharing of ecological resources among the various species in any ecosystem is a characteristic feature in any living association. In aquatic ecosystem, a particular niche is shared by a number of species and cohabitation is one of the normal adaptive strategies followed by aquatic flora and fauna. In the study, we observed stable spatio-temporal association between greater duckweeds and microalgae in sufficiently screened waterbodies in Malda district of West Bengal. Collection sites represent various biochemical parameters included in the list of independent variables like pH, TDS, nitrate and phosphate levels etc. Statistical model like ANN explains the role of independently variable limnological parameters towards predicting most significant association and the threshold sample size.
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Olsen, Richard T. "Asian Germplasm in American Horticulture: New Thoughts on an Old Theme." HortScience 48, no. 9 (2013): 1073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.9.1073.
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North American horticulture cultivates an astonishing diversity of ornamental species, from nearly every floristic region, but its landscapes are dominated by temperate species drawn from eastern Asia. The East Asiatic floristic region is one of the most diverse in the world with a high level of endemism across taxonomic ranks and ancient relicts of a once widespread flora. From this, a large number of ornamental genera and species have been introduced, from either a long history of cultivation in Asia or directly from the wild, where they have since become fixtures in European and American gardens. The success of Asian germplasm in American horticulture is attributable, in part, to a shared evolutionary history, climate matching, and pre-adaptability. Continuing access to these genetic resources is now governed by national legislation and influenced by an evolving international regime of access and benefit-sharing influenced by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Furthermore, updated plant quarantine regulations have added additional requirements for the importation of foreign plant genetic resources. The newly created category within the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Q37 regulations known as “not authorized pending pest risk analysis” (NAPPRA) restricts the import of plants for planting that may harbor pests or become pests that are not already established within the United States. To this end, scientists involved in the collection or use of Asian plant genetic resources are affected by recent changes in international and national laws, regulations, and access and benefit-sharing regimes.
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Ngome, Kome Elvise, Ettagbor Hans Enukwa, and Balgah Sounders Nguh. "Management of Human-wildlife Conflicts in Bakossi National Park, Southwest Region, Cameroon." Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 11, no. 3 (2025): 121–35. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajraf/2025/v11i3418.
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Cameroon's rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems in Africa, harbouring a wealth of flora and fauna. Tropical rainforests are among the most biodiverse and ecologically important ecosystems on the planet, providing critical ecosystem services and supporting the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide. Bakossi National Park is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna, including many endangered and threatened species. The park's rainforest resources are vital not only for biodiversity conservation but also for supporting the livelihoods of the local communities who have depended on these resources for generations. This study examines the role of local community engagement and participation in the conservation of the national park's rainforest resources. Besides their engagement, the study also examines the role of local community participation in the conservation of rainforest resources, specifically the mitigation of human-wildlife conflicts within Bakossi National Park. The research employed a mixed-method approach, including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations, to gather data from local community members, park management authorities, and other key stakeholders. The results of this study revealed that local community involvement in human-wildlife conflict management showed a significant association with stakeholders’ collaboration P<0.05, the awareness of mitigation measures r=0.106, P<0.05, and the application of mitigation measures X2=6.358, df=2, P<0.05 respectively. There is a significant relation between the collaboration in human-wildlife conflict management and local community involvement, X2=3.292 df=1, P<0.05. Effectively managing human-wildlife conflicts in Bakossi National Park requires a collaborative and community-centric approach. Additionally, the local community revealed a significant association with the people’s experience on the management of human-wildlife conflict, r=0.317, P=0.001. Human-wildlife conflict prevention is associated significantly with local community involvement, X2=5.481, df=3, P<0.05. This study clearly demonstrated the significant influence that local community involvement can have on the management of human-wildlife conflicts in some National Parks in Cameroon. Also, the study highlighted the importance of integrating local community knowledge, institutions, and practices into park management and decision-making processes. Empowering local communities as active partners in conservation, rather than viewing them as threats, can lead to more effective and equitable management of the park's resources. Recommendations include strengthening community-based natural resource management, enhancing benefit-sharing mechanisms, and fostering collaborative governance frameworks that recognise the central role of local stakeholders. The research contributes to the growing body of literature on the significance of community engagement in the conservation of protected areas in the Global South. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, park managers, and conservation practitioners working to ensure the long-term sustainability of Bakossi National Park and other similar ecosystems in the region.
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González, Clementina, and Juan Francisco Ornelas. "Song Structure and Microgeographic Song Variation in Wedge-Tailed Sabrewings (Campylopterus Curvipennis) in Veracruz, Mexico." Auk 122, no. 2 (2005): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.2.593.
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AbstractWe studied the songs of Wedge-tailed Sabrewings (Campylopterus curvipennis) in six localities from central Veracruz, Mexico, to document structure and variation within and between singing groups in the same geographic region. Wedgetailed Sabrewing songs were acoustically, structurally, and behaviorally complex, rivaling those of other taxa with complex signals. Songs of individual birds were composed of >45 well-differentiated and structurally complex syllables. We found 239 different syllable types across eight recorded singing groups of Wedge-tailed Sabrewings (∼20 syllable types per singing group), with the greatest versatility recorded in hummingbirds to date. The acoustic variation (15 variables) was summarized in three principal components (58% of acoustic variation), in which intragroup variability accounted for most of the observed variation. We found significant differences between and within groups in terms of syllable sharing (Jaccard’s similarity coefficient). Individuals generally shared >50% of syllable types within groups, whereas syllable sharing was <10% between individuals from different groups. The same microgeographic pattern was supported in a UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean) analysis where individual songs from each singing group clustered separately. However, songs recorded at the same location differed between seasons, which suggests that this species does not exhibit geographically distinct dialects that are consistent across time. The interplay among this species’ social system, distribution of its floral resources, and microgeographic and temporal variation of its song requires further research.
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Torrance, Andrew W., and Bill Tomlinson. "Overharvesting: The Why of Biodiversity Loss." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 11, no. 4 (2025): 615–42. https://doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v11.i4.3.
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This Article examines the consequences of overharvesting biodiversity, focusing on its detrimental effects on biodiversity—on the biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, and individual organisms. It evaluates legal mechanisms designed to protect biodiversity from overharvesting and also considers legal mechanisms that lead to overharvesting to the detriment of biodiversity. The Article compares regulations and laws from multiple jurisdictions, including Europe, Oceania, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, and analyzes how these regulations and laws seek to curb overharvesting. Examples include the United States’s Endangered Species Act, Canada’s Wild Animal and Plant Protection Act, and the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. International conventions such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (“CITES”) are also assessed for their success in protecting species from commercial overexploitation. Drawing from these case studies, this Article identifies best practices for preventing overharvesting and proposes strategies for more effective biodiversity conservation. These proposals necessitate the implementation of ecosystem-based approaches, adaptive environmental assessment and management techniques, and stronger regulatory enforcement to secure longevity and the survival of biodiversity despite overharvesting. This Article concludes by advocating for an international legal framework that promotes resource sustainability while maintaining biodiversity. This proposal integrates precautionary principles, cross-border cooperation, and equitable resource sharing to foster a future where human resource use no longer jeopardizes biodiversity.
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Kalaman, Heather, Gary W. Knox, Sandra B. Wilson, and Wendy Wilber. "A Master Gardener Survey: Promoting Pollinator-friendly Plants Through Education and Outreach." HortTechnology 30, no. 2 (2020): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04460-19.
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As land-use patterns change over time, some pollinating insects continue to decline both in abundance and diversity. This is due, in part, to reductions in floral resources that provide sufficient nectar and pollen. Our overall goal is to help increase the use of plants that enhance pollinator health by providing research-based information that is easily accessible to the public. To assess the most successful mode of sharing this information, a survey was distributed to more than 4000 Master Gardener (MG) volunteers of Florida. The objectives of our survey were to gauge both knowledge and interest in common pollinators, common pollinator-friendly floral resources, and a favored means of accessing material about additional pollinator-friendly plants for landscape use. With a response rate of just over 18%, results showed that there is a clear interest among Florida MGs in learning more about pollinators and pollinator-friendly plants with face-to-face classes followed by a website as the preferred modes of accessing educational materials on this topic. Respondents on average were extremely interested in learning more about pollinator plants [mean of 4.41 out of 5.0 (sd = 0.89)], with greatest interest in butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), followed by bees (Hymenoptera), birds (Aves), bats (Chiroptera), and beetles (Coleoptera). Overall, MG participants felt more confident (P < 0.0001) in their knowledge of pollinator-friendly plants (mean 3.24 out of 5.0) than pollinator insects (mean 3.01 out of 5.0). When tested, 88.5% were able to correctly identify black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta), with 70.1% correctly identifying spotted beebalm (Monarda punctata). Variations were observed in tested knowledge of pollinating insects, with 90.2% correctly identifying a zebra longwing (Heliconius charithonia) and only 32.6% correctly identifying a striped-sweat bee (Agapostemon splendens). These results revealed that MGs perceived themselves to be fairly knowledgeable about both pollinator plants and pollinating insects, yet their tested knowledge ranged widely depending on the actual plant and pollinator type. This suggests an emphasis be given for future MG training focused on diverse plant and pollinator species, preferably in a face-to-face environment. Results also show that additional resources regarding pollinator-friendly plants, as well as identification material on pollinating insects, are both desired and valued by our Florida MG community.
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Ranatunga, Dhahara, Pina Milne, and Joanne Birch. "Digitise This! Innovation in Digitisation Initiatives within Australasian Herbaria." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26077. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26077.
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Significant progress has been made in the last 10 years towards provision of digital data and images of the more than 8.0 million specimens in Australian and New Zealand herbaria. Initial investments of equipment, funding for salaries and development of protocols, led by the Journal Storage (JSTOR) Global Plants Initiative (GPI), with generous support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and Atlas of Living Australia, provided the framework for the generation of digital images of type specimens. Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria administered the project in Australia. Subsequent digitisation initiatives have reflected institutional priorities and resource allocations. The Managers of Australasian Herbaria (MAHC) group has served as a significant resource for exchange of curation expertise and development of standards for digitisation initiatives including provision of the best-practice guidelines for imaging of algae, bryophyte, fungi and lichen specimens. Three initiatives underway in Australasian herbaria have built upon these initial investments in digitisation infrastructure to curate and share digital images in innovative ways. The projects include: digitisation of cryptogram specimens at the Auckland War Memorial Museum Herbarium (AK); generation of exemplar images (including leaves, fruits, seedlings etc.) to support VicFlora the online Flora of Victoria at the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL); and development of the infrastructure for delivery of high resolution images and collection data in an online data portal at the University of Melbourne Herbarium (MELU). An overview of these projects enables consideration of the efficiencies gained by collaborative development and sharing of curation protocols among state and national institutions as a result of the diversity of expertise and resources that these collaborative initiatives potentially draw from. In each of these projects, standard workflows were optimised to meet the individual institutional requirements. The innovative approaches that were taken that suited the unique aspects of our diverse collections will be discussed. Finally, these projects provided insights into some challenges frequently encountered and potential solutions to the challenge of curating large numbers of digital images, including maintenance of accurate links between actual and digital collection objects, for large and small natural history collections.
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Theophilus Deenadayal and Tarun Jain. "Floristic composition in Paramananda Devara Gudda A sacred grove at Lingadahalli Village Devadurga Taluk Raichur District Karnataka, India." Scientific Temper 15, no. 04 (2024): 2977–92. https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.4.03.
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Sacred groves are an important feature of any preservation of diversity as they are ecological, cultural and medicinal assets. A survey conducted in this study aimed to determine floral diversity in the Paramananda Devara Gudda sacred grove utilizing Shannon–Wiener (SW = 4.29), Simpson’s Diversity (SD = 1.00) and Species Diversity (SD = 0.78). The analysis pointed out a number of genera, that is, Crotalaria and Indigofera having the most species (10 species of each) other than Blumea and Vachellia with 5 species each respectively. Other genera, which also pointed to the high diversities within the site included Cleome, Cyperus, Phyllanthus and Ziziphus. This grove is not only valuable in terms of having unique and outstanding features as ecological and cultural taxa, nitrogen-fixing plants including Indigofera and Crotalaria, Phyllanthus, Ocimum as medicinal plants, and multipurpose plants including Ziziphus. High indices are explained by the values of effective species equality and the species sharing minimal impacts, the low-representation genera match with called for conservation program. The Paramananda Devara Gudda is a holy grove performing vital ecosystem services of conservation and hence is a very important biore-cultural site. The present research focuses on the community approach to sustainable management of regional diversity and cultural resources.
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Mostafavi, Seyed Mehdi Zheng Youmiao. "The impact of education on borderless conservation: A case study of a seminar on capacity-building for officials from parties implementing CITES in China." Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 9, no. 2 (2025): 110–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15242910.
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The concept of borderless conservation emphasizes the necessity for international collaboration aimed at safeguarding biodiversity and natural resources. The illegal trade of wildlife across borders significantly contributes to the extinction of various species. Proper enforcement of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has the potential to be instrumental in curtailing this detrimental trend. Education and capacity-building initiatives are essential components in the protection of biodiversity and natural resources, necessitating international dialogue and information sharing. This study assesses the effects of a seminar aimed at building the capacities of CITES scientific officials in China, with participants from nine developing nations. The seminar included diverse topics such as the regulation of endangered plant trade, the protection of aquatic wildlife, and strategies for combating illegal wildlife trafficking. Methodologically, a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches was employed, utilizing surveys and interviews to evaluate participant awareness before and after the seminar. Findings indicate the effectiveness of seminars in fostering collaboration and enhancing expert capabilities, demonstrating that all offered courses had a substantial positive impact on the participants. This study’s outcomes provide a foundation for refining future CITES training initiatives to maximize their effectiveness.
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Wilson, Tina. "Investigating Supported or Unsupported Individual and Group Work in Open Forums in an Open Educational Resources Repository." Proceedings of the International Conference on Networked Learning 6 (May 5, 2008): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/nlc.v6.9345.
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The availability of networked lifelong learning opportunities is becoming more important as parts of the world come to terms with the reality of an aging society. Lifelong learning needs to be actively supported through easy access to online educational resources. Once access to Open Educational Resources (OERs) is achieved, how will those teaching different age groups facilitate the learning experience? This paper investigates how an Open Educational Resources Repository could facilitate online activity between learners and teachers who are used to a closed (password protected) online environment. The eleven participants (from ten institutions) involved in this research are based internationally and their learners range from school age to later-life learners. The idea of sharing content is not new. MIT’s course materials have been available to the world through its Open CourseWare (OCW) initiative since September 2002. Today’s entrants to this arena provide an environment, which includes complementary social networking tools. One of these new OER initiatives is from the United Kingdom (UK) Open University and is called OpenLearn. What is novel about OpenLearn is the availability of distance learning OERs themselves and complementary social networking tools. This initiative is funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and was launched on 25th October 2006. One of OpenLearn’s social networking tools is an open online forum attached to each ‘unit’ of Open Educational Resource. This paper focuses on the facilitators’ perspective of how they would use OERs and forums with their learners in terms of: Supported and unsupported access,Individual or group work,Usage of an open forum or the institutions own communications facility. The discussion based on interviews is also supported by a short case study provided by the later-life learning organisation involved in this study. Enthusiasm to adopt the OpenLearn units appears apparent with all participants eager for their learners to use the OpenLearn units in either a supported or unsupported way. The majority are also enthusiastic for their learners to work both individually and in groups around the OpenLearn units. Most participants were also in support of using the OpenLearn unit forum for group discussion. These results form a basis for more detailed research into the best ways to support communities of learners to collaborate and cooperate in an OER environment. Future work will investigate forum usage within the IT and Computing Topic area. Please refer to the full paper for more information.
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Vineet, K. Shrivastava, Hore Upamanyu, and Kala Jagdish. "An investigation on ecotourism potential and possibility of community integration in its development in Orchha, Central India." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 23 (2020): 2294–302. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i23.830.
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Abstract <strong>Objective:</strong> The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to study the floral and faunal diversity of the Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary (OWS) and to study whether ecotourism can be utilized for community development in the study area. <strong>Methods:</strong> Floristic and faunal diversity was studied through surveys followed by sample collection and their identification and visual sighting. Community was studied for understanding their socio-economics, livelihoods and attitude and perception of ecotourism. Similarly, data were collected from the tourists (domestic and foreign) about tourists' profile, demands, their attitude and perception about ecotourism activities and their level of satisfaction. Two hundred twenty rural households, hundred domestic visitors and fifty foreign tourists were surveyed in Orchha and OWS using convenience sampling technique. Primary data (both qualitative and quantitative) were collected mainly by using semi structured questionnaires and group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and frequency statistics while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and framework analysis models. Findings: Forty two genera of angiosperms comprising 23 families were observed in the sanctuary. A total of 15 fish, 6 amphibians, 13 reptile, 98 bird, and 19 mammal species are reported. It was found that the birds were the most dominant vertebrates. Four species of turtle and rare species of vulture including king vulture were present in the OWS. OWS has got lot of potential for community based ecotourism development. Integration of community requires skill development and capacity building by training the youths of the village with tourism business skills. These youths can form village level institution to run the ecotourism business for capacity building of rural community, infrastructure development and benefit sharing. This institution would also participate in the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity. <strong>Novelty:</strong> This is a first such extensive study of the floral and faunal diversity of OWS. Further, this is the first attempt to study the possible integration of ecotourism activities with community development activities of the area. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Orchha Sanctuary; ecotourism; community; Central India
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Zaman Khan, Akhtar. "Integrated Coastal Zone Management – Need for Pakistan." Polaris – Journal of Maritime Research 3, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.53963/pjmr.2021.008.3.
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Coastal area of Pakistan is of strategic significance due to its huge potential w.r.t economic growth. It gives access to sea based resources on one hand and offers numerous indirect economic opportunities on the other. The sea based resources include both living such as fish and non-living such as minerals and hydrocarbons while the indirect opportunities come in the form of ports & harbours, coastal tourism and wind farms/ electrical power generation etc. On the other hand, huge potential of coastal tourism offered by the sandy beaches, coastal cliffs, archaeological sites and diversity of flora and fauna etc. along the coast is yet to be developed. While the economic potential remained largely untapped, living resources along the coast have been under severe pressure from human activities. The coastal fish stock is depleting due overexploitation, IUUF practices and discharge of harmful untreated industrial waste into the coastal waters, whereas, mangroves remained subjected to deforestation at unsustainable rate. Moreover, lack of coordination among stakeholders, non-realization of the sectoral interdependencies for managing the coastal area and incoherence in marine/maritime policies have led to various environmental and socioeconomic problems along the coastal belt. The existing sectoral based management system is creately fragmented is considered to be the major factor for unsustainable/ suboptimal utilization of the coast and maritime resources. Accordingly, ICZM BEING a cross sectoral comprehensive approach and adequate coordination framework is considered as best possible alternative management setup for the coastal areas of Pakistan. The ICZM has gained recognition as the most suitable system for sustainable development of the coastal area as it accounts for uniqueness of the coastal area, fragile nature of the coastal resources and its interactions with various economic sectors sharing the same maritime space.
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Hyam, Roger. "International Image Interoperability Framework: A unified approach to sharing images of natural history specimens?" Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 4 (October 5, 2020): e59056. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.4.59056.
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Researchers have become accustomed to online access to data about specimens held in natural history collections. Over several decades, metadata standards have been developed to facilitate the sharing and aggregation of this data, notably Darwin Core and ABCD (Access to Biological Collections Data) developed under the auspices of TDWG but other standards developed in other communities, have also proved useful notably EML (Ecological Metadata Language) and GML (Geography Markup Language).Data aggregators have arisen to both, drive standards development and take advantage of the vast number of records made available through this community effort. Examples include Atlas of Living Australia and spin off Atlas projects, EoL (Encyclopedia of Life), iDigBio, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), WFO (World Flora Online).There are still many "dark specimens" that are not visible to the web and efforts continue to digitise metadata on these objects and make them available. The vast majority of the data that has been liberated so far, has therefore been text based and the standards reflect this, although many institutions and projects are also producing large numbers of images and other media.There have been media extensions to some standards to accommodate the sharing of images and other multimedia formats. However, these are restricted to metadata about media objects rather than the exchange of media objects themselves. For example, two extensions to Darwin Core are <u>Audubon Core,</u> which is designed to "determine whether a particular resource or collection will be fit for some particular biodiversity science application before acquiring the media." and the Simple Multimedia extension, which is a "simple extension for exchanging metadata about multimedia resources". Therefore image exchange, in particular, has not used open standards. Projects have relied on transferring high resolution versions of images (e.g. submission of type specimen images to JSTOR) or cut down compressed versions (e.g. many herbarium specimens submitted to GBIF or Europeana). The network has not allowed access to high resolution versions of images as curated by the host institutions themselves beyond basic links to web pages. If high resolution images have been published in online catalogues, they have been made available using a hotchpotch of different technologies including the now defunct Java Applets and Adobe Flash player. The network has not supported different views of the same specimen or annotations of those views, or integration of audio and moving images.In an ideal world a researcher should be able to view and annotate images of specimens held across multiple collections in a unified way, and the host institutions should have access to those annotations and statistics on how their specimens are being used. How can we achieve this?The sharing of multimedia representations of objects online is not a problem unique to the biodiversity community. Scholars in museums and archives of all kinds are facing the same issues. In 2011 the British Library, Stanford University, the Bodleian Libraries (Oxford University), the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Nasjonalbiblioteket (National Library of Norway), Los Alamos National Laboratory Research Library, and Cornell University came together to develop an exchange standard called <u>IIIF</u> (International Image Interoperability Framework). This framework now consists of six APIs (Application Programming Interface), four stable and two in beta, to publish and integrate image and other multimedia resources in a uniform manner and has been adopted by many institutions and commercial partners in the digital humanities. Applications based on IIIF enable many of the features desired by biodiversity researchers.The notion of sharing and annotating specimen images is not new to the natural history community. <u>MorphBank</u>, founded in 1998, has grown to allow much of this desirable functionality but at the cost and fragility of being a centralised database. The question we should perhaps be asking is: how can we make the biodiversity data sharing network as a whole more like MorphBank?From 2019 to 2021, part of the EU-funded Synthesys+ programme will support the adoption of IIIF as a unified way to publish images of natural history specimens. We aim to have a set of exemplar institutions publishing IIIF manifests for some millions of specimens by the end of the project and one or more demonstration applications in place. We hope this will act as a catalyst for wider adoption in the natural history community. A key goal is to integrate image data served using IIIF with metadata available via CETAF (Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities) specimen identifiers. If IIIF were ubiquitous in the natural history community, building tools that implemented this functionality would be feasible.A brief demonstration of a herbarium specimen browser, Herbaria Mundi, will be given. It will illustrate how specimens hosted in different institutions can be manipulated in a single interface. The architecture that supports this behaviour will be explained and its challenges, by implementing the institutions discussed.
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Gorbunov, Alexey A., Anton M. Ivanushkin, Svetlana A. Mikaeva, and Julia A. Zhuravlyova. "Research into LED RGB Light Fixture with Adjustable Radiation Spectrum for Aquarium Lighting." Issue 05-2023, no. 05-2023 (October 2023): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2022-104.
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The article presents the results of a study of an aquarium lighting device prototype developed based on a RGB LED strip using computer technologies for measurement of its spectral characteristics on the basis of practical studies of the effect of chromaticity on flora and fauna of water bodies. The studies were carried out at Light and Engineering Metrology resource sharing centre of the Electronics and Light Engineering Institute of N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University. For development of the prototype of an aquarium lighting device based on RGB LED strip, the results of colorimetric measurements of special fluorescent aquarium lamps made by Hagen and Havells Sylvania Europe LTD (Germany) were used. The laboratory set based on a Raspberry Pi single-board computer and software for colorimetric calculations and set control was developed for connection and adjustment of spectral characteristics of the RGB LED strip. The colorimetric characteristics of the prototype were compared to those of special fluorescent lamps for aquarium lighting. Satisfactory repeatability of spectra and CCT was demonstrated for the developed LED-based prototype aquarium lighting device. These studies will allow us to identify further areas for updating of functional and software solutions to make it possible to adjust spectral characteristics and to make them close to optimal levels for specific species.
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Alves, Thais Carla Vieira, Marília Gabriela Gondim Rezende, David Franklin da Silva Guimarães, Mônica Alves de Vasconcelos, Cristiane Menezes Guedes de Andrade, and José da Cruz Lima de Lima. "Guardians of the forest: the traditional knowledge associated to sociobiodiversity productsin the Middle Juruá territory,Carauari, Amazonas, Brazil." Acta Scientiarum. Human and Social Sciences 46, no. 2 (2024): e66810. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihumansoc.v46i2.66810.
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The sustainable use of resources and the traditional knowledge of human populations in sustainable use UCs characterize these spaces as places of refuge for sociocultural expressions, ways of life, territorial protection, and maintenance of knowledge. The present study aimed to reveal traditional knowledge regarding flora and fauna species by riverside communities in the Amazon basin. To this end, it investigated how residents of two communities in the Middle Juruá territory identified and used local species. The analysis of similarities enabled the creation of a flowchart illustrating the process of traditional knowledge consolidation based on the application of semi-structured forms, open interviews and bibliographic review. Ninety-five species and 112 uses were identified and categorized, the most frequent uses being associated with healthcare (68%), cosmetics (10%), and food (9%). Cluster formation was observed among members of the same community, suggesting that traditional knowledge transmission is consistent with living closer together. Therefore, we understand that the region has great potential for products and uses of socio-biodiversity, and traditional populations are responsible for protecting territorial and natural resources through sustainable management, using their traditional knowledge. However, the erosion of this knowledge in regions with intense trade with companies that use these raw materials for products highlights the need to guarantee the rights of these populations, especially in relation to the sharing of benefits from products derived from associated traditional knowledge and heritage genetic (Brasil, 2015).
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Sinha, R., M. Jhariya, and D. Yadav. "Assessment of Sal Seedlings and Herbaceous Flora in the Khairbar Plantation of Sarguja Forest Division, Chhattisgarh." Current World Environment 10, no. 1 (2015): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.1.42.
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In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the growth performance of sal seedlings and also assess the diversity of herbaceous flora in the Khairbar plantation of Sarguja forest division during the year 2013-14. Study reveals that there are prominent variations in the height of the seedlings in Khairbar plantation. The root shoot ratio of seedlings ranged between 0.31 to 0.74. The total height of seedlings ranged from 24.00 to 90.00 cm. The girth of individual seedling ranged between 4.00 and 12.00 cm. The number of branches per seedling ranged between 4.00-17.00. The average collar diameter of sal seedling was 1.96 cm and the sturdiness ranged from 15.09-42.86. Total of 27 herbaceous species comprising 15 families were encountered in the study area. The total density of the herb species was 776000 individuals ha-1 and the maximum density was recorded for Mellilotus alba (64000 individuals ha-1), while minimum for Achyranthus aspera, Malvastrum coromandelicum and Rumex dentatus (12000 individuals ha-1 for each). The Shannon index (H’) of herbaceous species was 4.606, Simpson index (Cd) was 0.045, Species richness (d) was 1.917 and Equitability (e) was 1.397, respectively. It was observed that the growth performance of sal seedling in the Khairbar plantation site is quiet slow as compared to the other tropical species. It may also be due to the higher population of the herbaceous species. The herbaceous species compete with the sal species for the sharing of the resources for the growth and development. Micro climate and management aspects are the major concern for the good growth performance of the species in plantation sites.
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Tschöpe, Okka, Lutz Suhrbier, Anton Güntsch, and Walter Berendsohn. "AnnoSys – an online tool for sharing annotations to enhance data quality." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 1 (August 15, 2017): e20315. https://doi.org/10.3897/tdwgproceedings.1.20315.
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AnnoSys is a web-based open-source information system that enables users to correct and enrich specimen data published in data portals, thus enhancing data quality and documenting research developments over time. This brings the traditional annotation workflows for specimens to the Internet, as annotations become visible to researchers who subsequently observe the annotated specimen. During its first phase, the AnnoSys project developed a fully functional prototype of an annotation data repository for complex and cross-linked XML-standardized data in the ABCD (Access to biological collection data Berendsohn 2007- and Darwin Core (DwC - Wieczorek et al. 2012) standards, including back-end server functionality, web services and an on-line user interface Tschoepe et al. 2013. Annotation data are stored using the Open Annotation Data Model Sanderson et al. 2013 and an RDF-database Suhrbier et al. 2017. Public access to the annotations and the corresponding copy of the original record is provided via Linked Data, REST and SPARQL web services. AnnoSys can easyly be integrated into portals providing specimen data (see Suhrbier & al., this session). As a result, the individual specimen page then includes two links, one providing access to existing annotations stored in the AnnoSys repository, the other linking to the AnnoSys annotation Editor for annotation input. AnnoSys is now integrated into a dozen specimen portals, including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility GBIF and the Global Genome Biodiversity Network GGBN. In contrast to conventional, site-based annotation systems, annotations regarding a specimen are accessible from all portals providing access to the specimen's data, independent of which portal has originally been used as a starting point for the annotation. Apart from that, users can query the data in the AnnoSys portal or create a subscription to get notified about annotations using criteria referring to the data record. For example, a specialist for a certain family of organisms, working on a flora or fauna of a certain country, may subscribe to that family name and the country. The subscriber is notified by email about any annotations that fulfil these criteria. Other possible subscription and filter criteria include the name of collector, identifer or annotator, catalogue or accession numbers, and collection name or code. For curators a special curatorial workflow supports their handling of annotations, for example confirming a correction according to the annotation in the underlying primary database. User feedback on the currently available system has led to a significantly simplified version of the user interface, which is currently undergoing testing and final implementation. Moreover, the current, second project phase aims at extending the generic qualities of AnnoSys to allow processing of additional data formats, including RDF data with machine readable semantic concepts, and thus opening up the data gathered through AnnoSys for the Semantic Web. We developed a semantic concept driven annotation management, including the specification of a selector concept for RDF data and a repository for original records extended to RDF and other formats. Based on DwC RDF terms and the ABCD ontology, which deconstructs the ABCD XML-schema into individually addressable RDF-resources, we built an "AnnoSys ontology". The AnnoSys-2 system is currently in the testing phase and will be released in 2018. In future research (see Suhrbier, this volume), we will examine the use of AnnoSys for taxon-level data as well as its integration with image annotation systems. BGBM Berlin is committed to sustain AnnoSys beyond the financed project phase.
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YANG, Guili. "A dataset of the diversity and geographical distributions of wildPrimula L. in China." China Scientific Data 8, no. 4 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11922/11-6035.csd.2023.0033.zh.
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Catalogue of Life serves as the background baseline information for the biota of a given natural geographic region or administrative unit. The timely updating of its dynamics is an important basis for the research, management and monitoring of biodiversity conservation. The integration and sharing of biodiversity data can provide a scientific basis for the development of related studies. Primula L. is a typical genus characterized by a broad distribution and a high degree of endemism, with diverse habitats and a complex taxon structure. An in-depth analysis of its geographical distribution pattern and characteristics can provide a foundational basis for the conservation and use of germplasm resources. With the aim of offering a reference for germplasm resource surveys and application research on seed introduction, and based on a large amount of basic data and literature, this paper adopts the taxonomic system used by Flora of China to update the list of wild species of the genus Primula L. distributed in the terrestrial area of China. In the paper, we counted their species diversity, composition and other information, and established a dataset of the diversity and geographical distributions of wild Primula L. in China. This genus predominantly thrives in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Its diversity center and modern distribution center are also widely distributed in the eastern Himalayas and Hengduan Mountains in broad sense, Tianshan Mountain Area, Qinba Mountain area, Wuling Mountains Area, Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and other high-altitude areas. Additionally, it extends to middle and lower altitude areas with prominent karst and Danxia landscapes. As of October 2022, a total of 397 species (28 varieties and 26 subspecies) of the genus Primula L. have been recorded in China, including 296 endemic species (including subspecies classification units, the same below) in China. In addition to the five administrative regions of Jiangsu, Hainan, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Macao, the distribution of wild primroses has been recorded in various provincial administrative regions in China, with Sichuan Province boasting the highest species richness and endemism at the provincial scale (177 species), followed by Yunnan Province (176 species) and the Tibet Autonomous Region (171 species). At the county scale, Shangri-La City ranks first in species richness with 62 species.
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Venance Paques Gniayou, Kouadio, Kossonou Affia Sonmia Francia, Dogba Mathieu, Abrou N Gouan Joel Emmanuel, and Adou Yao Constant Yves. "SUSTAINABLE COCOA MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION BASED ON LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN CENTRAL COTE D'IVOIRE." International Journal of Advanced Research 13, no. 06 (2025): 01–08. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/21058.
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Central Cpte d Ivoire is home to forest-savannah contact zones with conditions that are not very favourable for cocoa production. However, the existence of cocoa plantations in these areas has been observed and is attributed to the presence of various agroforestry systems in which local and exotic species are combined with cocoa trees to overcome the various environmental constraints. To provide information on the local knowledge and technologies underlying the viability and sustainability of these production systems, an ethnobotanical survey of 102 farmers in the Kokumbo sub-prefecture (central Côte d'Ivoire) was carried out. Floristic inventories were also carried out in the cocoa plantations of the producers interviewed. The data collected was analysed firstly to establish the history of the plantations and their management, and secondly to determine the quality of the woody flora preserved. These analyses show that the main knowledge that farmers have about cocoa growing comes from their parents and from sharing their experiences with other farmers. The average size of cocoa plantations is 2.53 hectares. The Forastero Upper-Amazonian variety is considered more productive by farmers, gradually replacing weak or dead plants. However, farmers use seeds from cocoa trees whose pods they visually appreciate. In addition to direct sowing and nurseries, farmers are using flattening techniques, which give better results. Lack of resources and awareness of the potential negative effects of herbicides mean that producers resort to manual weeding of their plantations. Trees remain an integral part of cocoa growing in the area. Indeed, the trees associated with cocoa trees provide essential goods and services to the local population, covering their needs for timber, firewood, food and medicinal plant remedies.
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von, Rintelen Kristina, Evy Arida, and Christoph Häuser. "A review of biodiversity-related issues and challenges in megadiverse Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries." Research Ideas and Outcomes 3 (September 11, 2017): e20860. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e20860.
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Indonesia is one of the ten member states of the economically and politically diverse regional organization of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Southeast Asia comprises four of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots, three of the 17 global megadiverse countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines) and the most diverse coral reefs in the world. All member states are Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). We discuss ASEAN-wide joint activities on nature conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity that do not stop at national borders. The Indonesian archipelago comprises two of the world's biodiversity hotspots (areas with a high degree of endemic species that are highly threatened by loss of habitats): Its insular character and complex geological history led to the evolution of a megadiverse fauna and flora on the global scale. The importance of biodiversity, e.g., in traditional medicine and agriculture, is deep-rooted in Indonesian society. Modern biodiversity pathways include new fields of application in technology, pharmacy and economy along with environmental policies. This development occurred not only in Indonesia but also in other biodiversity-rich tropical countries. This review summarizes and discusses the unique biodiversity of Indonesia from different angles (science, society, environmental policy, and bioeconomy) and brings it into context within the ASEAN region. The preconditions of each member state for biodiversity-related activities are rather diverse. Much was done to improve the conditions for biodiversity research and use in several countries, primarily in those with a promising economic development. However, ASEAN as a whole still has further potential for more joint initiatives. Especially Indonesia has the highest biodiversity potential within the ASEAN and beyond, but likewise the highest risk of biodiversity loss. We conclude that Indonesia has not taken full advantage of this potential yet. A growing national interest in local biodiversity as a natural resource is a welcome development on one hand, but the risk of too many restrictions for, e.g., the science community (high level of bureaucracy at all project stages from planning phase, visa procedures, field work permits, scientific exchange and project managment issues, governmental budget cuts for basic research and restricted access to international literature for Indonesian researchers) does significantly hamper the internationalization of biodiversity-related science. In the long run, Indonesia has to find a balance between protectionism and sensible access to its national biodiversity to tackle global challenges in biodiversity conservation, health issues, food security, and climate change.
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Melita, Asantael Williams. "Tourism and the Target of the Convention on Biological Diversity: Community Acceptance for Involvement —A Case Study of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania." World Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v2n1p1.
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There is a growing demand of Biological diversities uses in the world as a global asset of tremendous value to the present and future generations. This demand has raised threats to species and ecosystems existences. The Convention for the Biodiversity forum for Aichi Biodiversity identified about 5 strategies and 20 targets for the conservation of the biodiversity of the protected areas. The Community Based Diversity is the main goals that promoted by the Aichi targets as to protect biodiversity; to use biodiversity without destroying it; and, to share any benefits from genetic diversity equally. Tourism in Tanzania is basically based on biological diversity for about 69% in protected areas in Mainland and 31% at beaches in Zanzibar. All those biological diversities needs clear programs for the conservation and protection of flora, fauna and the environment to facilitate jobs and wealth creation for the indigenous population who often pay a cost in lost land usage for conservation and tourism. The Ngorongoro Conservation area with its uniqueness has about 87,851 people living within and a growing tourism population of about 647,733 visitors by the year 2013, and highly diversity of wildlife respectively. Community in the Ngorongoro counts tourism as an alternative activity that supports their livelihood. For the purposes of this study a survey of 100 local Maasai and oral interviews of 60 employees of the NCA’s and Pastoral Council (PC), examines whether tourism revenue sharing to the Maasai communities within the area has a positive support impact on conservation of biological diversity of the area as stipulated in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). I found that members of the Maasai community within the area of Ngorongoro are benefiting from Tourism and support the conservation strategies of the Authority positively. Nevertheless the benefits to communities within the protected areas like the Ngorongoro should properly structured as may reduce the natural resources existence basing on the nature and its driving forces that accelerate the population increases within and around the protected areas.
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Berti-Equille, Laure, and Rafael L. G. Raimundo. "Combining Ecological and Socio-Environmental Data and Networks to Achieve Sustainability." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 7 (September 14, 2023): e112703. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.7.112703.
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Environmental degradation in Brazil has been recently amplified by the expansion of agribusiness, livestock and mining activities with dramatic repercussions on ecosystem functions and services. The anthropogenic degradation of landscapes has substantial impacts on indigenous peoples and small organic farmers whose lifestyles are intimately linked to diverse and functional ecosystems.Understanding how we can apply science and technology to benefit from biodiversity and promote socio-ecological transitions ensuring equitable and sustainable use of common natural resources is a critical challenge brought on by the Anthropocene.We present our approach to combine biodiversity and environmental data, supported by two funded research projects: DATAPB (Data of Paraíba) to develop tools for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data sharing for governance and educational projects and the International Joint Laboratory IDEAL (artificial Intelligence, Data analytics, and Earth observation applied to sustAinability Lab) launched in 2023 by the French Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) and co-coordinated by the authors, with 50 researchers in 11 Brazilian and French institutions working on Artificial Intelligence and socio-ecological research in four Brazilian Northeast states: Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, and Ceará (Berti-Equille and Raimundo 2023).As the keystone of these transdisciplinary projects, the concept-paradigm of socio-ecological coviability (Barrière et al. 2019) proposes that we should explore multiple ways by which relationships between humans and nonhumans (fauna, flora, natural resources) can reach functional and persistent states.Transdisciplinary approaches to agroecological transitions are urgently needed to address questions such as:How can researchers, local communities, and policymakers co-produce participatory diagnoses that depict the coviability of a territory?How can we conserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions, promote social inclusion, value traditional knowledge, and strengthen bioeconomies at local and regional scales?How can biodiversity, social and environmental data, and networks help local communities in shaping adaptation pathways towards sustainable agroecological practices?These questions require transdisciplinary approaches and effective collaboration among environmental, social, and computer scientists, with the involvement of local stakeholders (Biggs et al. 2012). As such, our methodology relies on two approaches:A large-scale study of socio-ecological determinants of coviability over nine states and 1794 municipalities in Northeast Brazil, combines multiple data sources from IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), IPEA (Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada) , MapBiomas, Brazil Data Cube, and our partners: GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), INCT Odisseia (Observatory of the dynamics of the interactions between societes and their environments), and ICMBio (Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade) to enable the computation of proxies and indicators of biodiversity structure, ecosystem functions, and socio-economic organization at different scales. We will perform exploratory data analysis and use artificial intelligence (Rolnick et al. 2022) to identify proxies for adaptability, resilience, and vulnerabilities.A multilayer network approach for modeling the interplay between socio-ecological and governance systems will be desgined and tested using adaptive network modeling (Raimundo et al. 2018). Beyond multilayer networks to model socio-ecological dynamics (Keyes et al. 2021), we will incorporate the evolution of the governance systems at the landscape scale and apply Latin Hypercube methods to explore the parameter space (Raimundo et al. 2014) and get a broad characterization of the model dynamics with insights into how the interplay of coupled adaptive systems influence socio-ecological resilience under multiple ecological and socio-economic scenarios. The overall methodology and study case scenarios will be presented.
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Michel, Franck, Catherine Faron-Zucker, Sandrine Tercerie, and Gargominy Olivier. "TAXREF-LD: A Reference Thesaurus for Biodiversity on the Web of Linked Data." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 1 (August 14, 2017): e20232. https://doi.org/10.3897/tdwgproceedings.1.20232.
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Started in the early 2000's, the Web of Data has now become a reality [Bizer 2009]. It keeps on growing through the relentless publication and interlinking of data sets spanning various domains of knowledge. Building upon the Resource Description Framework (RDF), this new layer of the Web implements the Linked Data paradigm [Heath and Bizer 2011] to connect and share pieces of data from disparate data sets. Thereby, it enables the integration of distributed and heterogeneous data sets, spawning an unprecedented worldwide knowledge base. Taxonomic registers are key tools to help us comprehend the diversity of nature. They are the backbone for integrating independent data sources, and help figure out strategies regarding biodiversity and natural heritage conservation. As such, they naturally stand out as potential contributors to the Web of Data. Several international initiatives on taxonomic thesaurus such as NCBI Organismal Classification [Federhen 2012], AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus [Caracciolo et al. 2013] or Encyclopedia of Life [Blaustein 2009] have already made this move towards the Web of Data. In this talk, we will present an on-going work related to TAXREF [Gargominy et al. 2016], the taxonomic register for fauna, flora and fungus, maintained and distributed by the National Museum of Natural History of Paris (France). TAXREF registers all species inventoried in metropolitan France and overseas territories, in a controlled hierarchy of over 500.000 scientific names. Our goal is to publish TAXREF on the Web of Data, denoted TAXREF-LD, while adhering to standards and best practices for the publication of Linked Open Data (LOD) [Farias Lóscio et al. 2017]. The publication of TAXREF-LD as LOD required tackling several challenges. Far beyond a sheer automatic translation of the TAXREF database into LOD standards, the key point of the reported endeavor was the design of a model able to account for the two coexisting yet distinct realities underlying TAXREF, namely the nomenclature and the taxonomy. At the nomenclatural level, each scientific name is represented by a concept, expressed in the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) vocabulary [Miles and Bechhofer 2009], along with an authority and a taxonomic rank. At the taxonomic level, a species is represented by a class in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) [Schneider et al. 2012] whose properties are the species traits (habitat, biogeographical status, conservation status...). Both levels are connected by the links between a species and associated names (the valid name and existing synonyms). Note that the modelling applies not only to species but also to any other taxonomic rank (genus, family, etc.). This model has several key advantages. First, it is relevant to biologists as well as computer scientists. Indeed, it agrees with three centuries of thinking on nomenclatural codes [Ride et al. 1999, McNeill et al. 2012] while, at the same time, it fits in with the philosophy underpinning SKOS and OWL: the nomenclatural level allows circulating through a hierarchy of concepts representing scientific names, and at the taxonomic level, the OWL classes represent the sets of individuals sharing common traits. Second, the model enables drawing links with other data sources published on the Web of Data, that may represent either nomenclatural or taxonomic information. Third, the taxonomy evolves frequently along with newly discovered species and changes in the scientific consensus. Typically, a name may alternatively be considered as the valid name of a species or a synonym. The distinction between the nomenclatural and taxonomic levels, alongside an appropriate Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) naming scheme for names and taxa, makes the model flexible enough to accommodate such changes. Furthermore, our goal in this talk is not only to present the work achieved, but more importantly to engage in a discussion with the stakeholders of the community, may they be data consumers or producers of sibling classifications concerned with the publication of LOD, about data integration scenarios that may arise from the availability of such a large, distributed, knowledge database.
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Sjödin, Skarp Liselott. "The Swedish Taxonomy Initative & Biodiversity Infrastructure." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (June 18, 2019): e35747. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.35747.
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The Swedish Species Information Centre (<u>ArtDatabanken, SSIC</u>) at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (<u>SLU</u>) accumulates, analyses and disseminates information concerning Swedish species, habitats and ecosystems. The SSIC hosts the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative <u>(STI)</u> and produces <u>the Swedish Red List</u>. In addition, the SSIC is the leading partner within the Swedish LifeWatch (<u>SLW</u>) consortium, which cooperates with the Biodiversity Atlas Sweden (BAS) and the Living Atlas Community. The SSIC provides an open access biodiversity reporting and analysis infrastructure including for example the Swedish Species Observation System (<u>artportalen.se</u>), the Swedish taxonomic backbone (<u>dyntaxa.se</u>) and tools for species information including traits, terminology and species determination (<u>artfakta.se</u>). All systems, including the SLW Analysis Portal (<u>analysisportal.se</u>), rely on recognized standards to ensure interoperability and consist of databases, API:s and portals. The Artportalen platform now contains >69 000 000 georeferenced observations, along with 1 300 000 images, video or sound, of some 32 000 species from Sweden. The data are harvested by SLW and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). In addition to reports from NGOs and the general public, which generate >90% of the observations, a rapidly increasing number of Swedish governmental authorities and agencies are using the platform to store regional and local species inventories collected by standardized scientific methods. There are sophisticated systems for validation and to secure data quality, and the records are used by scientists as well as by county and municipality councils as a principle biodiversity resource in environmental planning and decision making. Data concerning some species considered to be particularly sensitive to disturbance are classified and not openly available. These data can be accessed via a hierarchy of access levels so as to enable such classified data to available to, for example, environmental officers and to be used in management purposes The SSIC has just launched new API:s, modules for improved reporting of species checklists and invasive species, and a new platform aggregating the services in a single web interface and based on responsive design and specific interfaces for different users (<u>artfakta.se</u>). Improvements are also to be made in the infrastructure of the Swedish taxonomic backbone, which now contains data for almost all Swedish species (more than 275 000 scientific names and 62 000 species). In 2002, when the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative (STI) was established, the SSIC was commissioned by the Swedish Parliament to identify all species of multicellular plants, fungi and animals in the country and to make the information available to scientists, conservationists and the public. The information is presented in the Artfakta platform and in a series of identification handbooks, The Encyclopedia of the Swedish Flora and Fauna. In addition, the STI supports barcoding activities, scientific courses and announces grants for museums and taxonomic research and inventories within poorly known organismal groups. The Swedish and Norwegian taxonomy initiatives work cooperatively to increase the collective knowledge of poorly known species and, as a result, more than 3 000 species new to Sweden and Norway have been found, approximately a third being new to science. The attempt to join forces between different Scandinavian counterparts via technical progress and to focus on digitalization and sharing information on species and communities from the same biogeographical region has proven a successful concept.
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Nicholls, E., S. A. Rands, C. Botías, and N. Hempel de Ibarra. "Flower sharing and pollinator health: a behavioural perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 377, no. 1853 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0157.
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Disease is an integral part of any organisms' life, and bees have evolved immune responses and a suite of hygienic behaviours to keep them at bay in the nest. It is now evident that flowers are another transmission hub for pathogens and parasites, raising questions about adaptations that help pollinating insects stay healthy while visiting hundreds of plants over their lifetime. Drawing on recent advances in our understanding of how bees of varying size, dietary specialization and sociality differ in their foraging ranges, navigational strategies and floral resource preferences, we explore the behavioural mechanisms and strategies that may enable foraging bees to reduce disease exposure and transmission risks at flowers by partitioning overlapping resources in space and in time. By taking a novel behavioural perspective, we highlight the missing links between disease biology and the ecology of plant–pollinator relationships, critical for improving the understanding of disease transmission risks and the better design and management of habitat for pollinator conservation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Natural processes influencing pollinator health: from chemistry to landscapes’.
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Villanueva, Grace V., Jersam C. Calago, Bobby B. Alaman, et al. "Bioresource Rent Value of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park, Philippines, for Access and Benefit Sharing Scheme." International Journal of Forestry Research 2025, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1155/ijfr/5591210.
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The Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP) in the Philippines is a vital protected area that harbors a diverse range of flora and fauna with substantial economic significance. Despite the extensive research conducted within MMRNP, the monetary value of its rich biodiversity remains vastly underestimated. This research employs a combination of key informant interviews and focus group discussions with local and indigenous people (IP) communities living near MMRNP. Value chain analysis and resource rent calculation were utilized to determine the economic value of MMNRP’s bioresources and ensure their sustainability and equitable management. Through these participatory methods, nine bioresources of significant economic importance have been identified, prioritized, and found to be collected, utilized, and traded by communities. These include five floral species: Dendrocnide sp., Calamus sp., Cinnamomum mercadoi, Agathis philippinensis, and Gymnostoma sumatranum, and four faunal species: Limnonectes sp., Apis sp., Apis cerana, and Sus philippensis. The estimated annual value of these economically important bioresources within MMRNP is PhP 42,708,861.20. Given its potential contribution to the local economy, the establishment of enabling policies to protect bioresources is crucial to mitigate the adverse impacts of natural resource exploitation on both economic growth and the development of local communities residing near MMRNP. It is strongly recommended that joint close monitoring and supervision by relevant agencies such as the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), local government units (LGUs), and Protected Area Management Boards (PAMB) be implemented. This approach will promote transparency and consensus building, ensuring the sustainable management of these invaluable bioresources for access and benefit of present and future generations.
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Bernhardsson, Olivia, Liam Kendall, Ola Olsson, Peter Olsson, and Henrik G. Smith. "Shared use of a mass‐flowering crop drives dietary niche overlap between managed honeybees and bumblebees." Journal of Applied Ecology, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14743.
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Abstract Resource competition between wild pollinators and managed honeybees (Apis mellifera) has the potential to detrimentally impact insect biodiversity as well as wild plant and crop pollination. As honeybees are central place foragers, their competitive impact on wild bees is expected to be structured by hive proximity, in conjunction with foraging decisions related to landscape‐level resource availability. Yet, how these factors structure dietary niche overlap between wild bees and managed honeybees remains unclear. We conducted a field experiment in seminatural grasslands, where honeybee foraging densities and niche overlap with buff‐tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) were measured at four distances (<100, 500, 1000 and 2000 m) from experimentally placed apiaries, during and after the blooming period of mass‐flowering oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We measured honeybee foraging densities using standardized transect surveys, and quantified species diet composition and dietary niche overlap from pollen samples collected from both bee species. Honeybee foraging densities were highest near apiaries and declined sharply beyond 500 m from the apiaries. However, niche overlap was unrelated to hive proximity but positively related to the availability of oilseed rape. Furthermore, there were significant inter‐ and intraspecific differences in pollen diet composition and breadth throughout the season. Synthesis and applications: Niche overlap between honeybees and bumblebees in agricultural environments was due to resource sharing of mass‐flowering oilseed rape. When both honeybees and bumblebees predominantly forage on wild plants, they maintain distinct pollen diets, suggesting there is a low risk of resource competition between these generalist taxa. Conservation actions that promote floral resource availability and diversity in agricultural landscapes are crucial to maintain niche differentiation between managed honeybees and wild bees.
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Durant, J. L. "Commoning the bloom? Rethinking bee forage management in industrial agriculture." Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 9, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2020.00105.
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Managed and wild bee populations are declining around the world, in part due to lost access to bee forage (i.e., nectar and pollen). As bee forage diminishes, the remaining acres become sites of contestation between beekeepers, land managers, ecologists, and regulatory agencies. This article applies a commons framing to contextualize these conflicts and attempts to resolve them. Drawing from the concepts of commons and commoning, I argue that nectar and pollen are common-pool resources for pollinators, beekeepers, and land managers, currently managed through varied access arrangements such as informal usufruct rights and pseudo-commoning practices. Like commoning, pseudo-commoning aims to collectively manage a resource through a set of protocols that involve equitable resource sharing and communication. However, because pseudo-commons are implemented from the top down, for example, from institutional actors driven in part by economic interests, they often do not result in widespread adoption on the ground. Through a case in California almond orchards, I make two additional arguments. First, because beekeepers are largely migratory and do not own the land they need for production, their subordinate position to landowners can challenge equitable bee forage management. Second, while floral pseudo-commons may aim to counter the negative effects of industrialized agricultural production (e.g., by limiting pesticide exposure to honey bees), they also provide a “fix” that supports and expands industrial agriculture by stabilizing managed bee pollination services. Increasing reliance on managed bee pollination services can thus disincentivize transitions to sustainable food production, such as adopting diversified practices that would support native bee populations and reduce the need for managed honey bees on farms.
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Whitley, Brandon Samuel, Jakob Abermann, Inger Greve Alsos, et al. "Harmonising digitised herbarium data to enhance biodiversity knowledge: Major steps towards an updated checklist for the flora of Greenland." PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET, June 10, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.70044.
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Societal Impact StatementHerbaria worldwide hold centuries of plant data that are key to understanding and protecting biodiversity; however, even with increased digital access, differences in plant naming systems make it difficult to compare records. We developed a semi‐automated workflow that standardises species names and organises herbaria records from multiple institutions into a single, curated digital collection. Applying our workflow to the digitised flora of Greenland, we improved the accuracy of diversity estimates and highlighted tentative species previously unrecognised in Greenland. Our resulting open‐access resource opens new doors for large‐scale studies on Arctic plant diversity over space and time.Summary International efforts in digitisation and online data sharing of herbarium specimens are revolutionising our ability to obtain big data from herbarium collections. The herbaria of the future will be global, digitally interlinked, open‐access resources that will stimulate large‐scale and novel science to directly address our current biodiversity and climate crises. However, taxonomic changes and errors can result in inconsistencies when amalgamating specimen metadata, that compromise the assignment of occurrence records to correct species and the subsequent interpretation of patterns in biodiversity. We present a novel workflow to mass‐curate digital specimens. By employing existing digital taxonomic backbones, we aggregate specimen names by their accepted name and flag remaining cases for manual review. We then validate names using site‐specific floras, balancing automation with taxonomic expert‐based curation. Applying our workflow to the vascular plants of Greenland, we harmonised 177,138 digitised herbarium specimens and observations from 88 data providers from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The harmonised metacollection of the Greenland flora contains 753 plant species. Our workflow increases the number of species known from Greenland compared to other currently available species checklists and increases the mean number of occurrences per accepted name by 48. Our workflow illustrates the nomenclature data integration required to create a global, universally accessible digital herbarium and shows how previous obstacles to database curation can be overcome through a combination of automation and expert curation. For the Greenland flora, our approach provides a new species list and a curated metacollection of occurrence data.
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Vargas, Manuel, María Mora Cross, José Cuadra, and William Ulate Rodríguez. "Sharing Species Pages in the Atlas of Living Costa Rica using Plinian Core." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (June 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.35474.
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The Atlas of Living Costa Rica (www.crbio.cr) is a biodiversity data portal based on the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) and managed by the Biodiversity Informatics Research Center (CRBio) and the National Biodiversity Institute of Costa Rica (INBio). It currently shares nearly eight million occurrence records and more than 5000 species pages about Costa Rican vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, nematodes, plants, and fungi. These pages contain information elements pertaining to, for instance, morphological descriptions, distribution, habitat, conservation status, management, nomenclature, and multimedia (Vargas et al. 2018). In order to fully integrate species pages into the ALA architecture, CRBio is working in the adoption of the Biodiversity Information Explorer (BIE), an ALA module which manages taxonomic and species contents by integrating global resources like EOL or Wikipedia. This adoption includes the required modifications to use the data model of the Plinian Core (https://github.com/tdwg/PlinianCore), a TDWG draft standard registered as an IPT extension, oriented to share species level information from local and regional sources too (Pando 2018). The advancement of Plinian Core has been lead by INBio, the Spanish Node of GBIF (GBIF Spain), the University of Granada (UG, Spain), the Alexander von Humboldt Institute (IAvH, Colombia), the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (Conabio, Mexico) and the University of Sao Paulo (USP, Brazil). This group reviewed the existing data standards to reuse as many elements as possible and avoid redundancy. Besides the aforementioned, Plinian Core is currently used by other institutions like the Chilean Ministry of Environment. Plinian Core was designed to be easy to use, self-contained, able to support data integration from multiple databases, and having the ability to handle different levels of granularity. These requirements are the result of actual needs from content creators that, through an iterative process, have yielded a more complete and flexible exchange standard to aggregate biological and non-biological species information, used by others like IBIN, the Indian Bioresource Information Network (Saran et al. 2018). Plinian Core aims to be a component in producing multiple species catalogues developed under specific constraints to serve specific purposes, instead of focusing on a unified platform while facilitating consistent aggregation and re-utilization of information (GBIF.org 2015). We will present our implementation of the BIE module in the Atlas of Living Costa Rica, following the documented best practices when sharing species level information using Plinian Core. Our demonstration will detail our lessons learned from merging the aforementioned 5000 species pages provided by INBio with several thousand of species pages assembled from the information provided by the World Flora Online through the aggregation of different Flora resources, like Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Hammel et al. 2003) that provides 5,000 plants descriptions and 350 vernacular names (http://www.worldfloraonline.org/resource?query=Manual+de+Plantas+de+Costa+Rica).
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Ji, Liqiang, Guojin He, and Dongmei Yan. "Data Sharing in CASEarth Project." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (June 19, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.37280.
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Big Earth Data Projects (CASEarth; http://www.casearth.com) is a key project to make research data in the fields of biology, ecology, environment and resource science in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) converge in a synthesis facility, to serve data driving fundamental research and decision making in China. The project was launched January 1, 2018 and funded by CAS. Data sharing is one of most important issues in the project, which is not only a prerequisity, but also a symbol for success in the big data era. A series of regulations refering to the data sharing policy in the CASEarch Project of CAS have been drafted and implemented in the project, including data quality contral, data submitting, data evaluation, data sharing to scientists and decision makers. Dozens of data sets have been re-arranged and submitted to a centralized data warehouse since June 2018, successfully aggregating &gt;250 volumes of detailed monographs of fauna and flora, biodiversity red lists and maps, invasive species data, 3D imagery of specimens, a microbial culture catalogue, genomic data for agricultural/domestic and wild species, checklists and introducing records for botanical gardens, vegetation maps, biodiversity monitoring, nature reserves, wetland birds distribution and conservation, plant phenology (1960-present), ecosystems, paleontological data, and fundamental geographic data such as population, economy, land use, and remote sensing. The Catalogue of Life – China, a species checklist, is the backbone of the biodiversity data sets above. Our data sharing platform (http://data.casearth.cn), launched January 15, 2019, currently houses 5 PB of data. Registration is open to all, and registered users can browse metadata or keyword search on the platform and download data. Although the portal is currently available in Chinese, an English portal will be launched in 2020.
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Govaerts, Rafaël, Eimear Nic Lughadha, Nicholas Black, Robert Turner, and Alan Paton. "The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity." Scientific Data 8, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6.
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AbstractThe World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) is a comprehensive list of scientifically described plant species, compiled over four decades, from peer-reviewed literature, authoritative scientific databases, herbaria and observations, then reviewed by experts. It is a vital tool to facilitate plant diversity research, conservation and effective management, including sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits. To maximise utility, such lists should be accessible, explicitly evidence-based, transparent, expert-reviewed, and regularly updated, incorporating new evidence and emerging scientific consensus. WCVP largely meets these criteria, being continuously updated and freely available online. Users can browse, search, or download a user-defined subset of accepted species with corresponding synonyms and bibliographic details, or a date-stamped full dataset. To facilitate appropriate data reuse by individual researchers and global initiatives including Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Catalogue of Life and World Flora Online, we document data collation and review processes, the underlying data structure, and the international data standards and technical validation that ensure data quality and integrity. We also address the questions most frequently received from users.
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Mika, Jason Paul, Robert Tūrongo Brooks, and Maui Hudson. "Te pūtahitanga: Commercialising genomic research through Indigenous enterprise." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, December 5, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1177/14657503241293284.
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This paper examines issues associated with the commercialisation of genomic research of taonga species through Indigenous enterprise in Aotearoa New Zealand. A contribution to Indigenous entrepreneurship knowledge is offered by answering the question, how do Māori enterprises reconcile tensions between cultural, commercial and science imperatives in commercialisation processes? Taonga means anything that is highly prized—tangible or intangible, while taonga species refers to native flora and fauna and traditional knowledge of these biological resources and their uses. Genomic research of taonga species and the commercialisation of this knowledge is advancing, but with limited Māori involvement. International and domestic frameworks recognise risks to Indigenous peoples from commercialisation of their biological resources, with benefit-sharing an alleviating mechanism. While few Indigenous benefit-sharing agreements in genomic research are known, we highlight new frameworks that encourage rights protection, responsible engagement and beneficial arrangements with Indigenous groups in the commercialisation of genomic research among science, business and state actors. We posit ‘Te pūtahitanga’ (the confluence of rivers) as a conceptualisation of how Māori can mediate cultural, commercial and science imperatives using tauutuutu and manahau as Māori principles of reciprocity which has implications for commercialisation processes within Indigenous and non-Indigenous enterprise.
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Yahaya, Abdul-Kadri, Ashraf Zakaria, and Bismark Yeboah Boasu. "Local actors in the co-management of mole national park and the impacts associated with it." Ghana Journal of Geography 13, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjg.v13i3.9.
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Effective management of the National Parks largely depends on a participatory approach. Hitherto, fringe communities of Mole National Park were sidelined in its management. In recent times, the participation of communities in the management of forest resources in the Mole National Park is encouraged. This study examines how actors such as chiefs, land priests, clan heads, diviners, women leaders and youth groups support conservation using resource and habitat taboos, totemic system, traditional fire belt, sacred tree species and traditional awareness creation as strategies and their impacts thereof. The study employed a concurrent triangulation mixed methods approach in data collection, analysis, and presentation. Besides questionnaire administration as a quantitative method of data collection, the study made use of Key Informant Interviews, and Focus Group Discussions as qualitative methods of data collection. Apart from the use of descriptive statistics as a component of SPSS for the analysis of quantitative data, content analysis was used for the analysis of qualitative data. The study revealed that the fringe communities endorse the chiefs and the land priests (kasawule wura) as most effective actors in the management of forest flora and fauna and the totemic system as the most effective management strategy. The study concluded that, there exists local management actors, and strategies in resource management, and fringe communities and the park are impacted positively because of community participation in park management. It is recommended that, benefit-sharing schemes should be considered and developed by park management and fringe communities since this can engender commitment to participation.
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Singh, Gaurav, and Garima Dukariya. "Insights in Biodiversity Management and Conservation in India: Structure and Role of Multi-tier Legal System." Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, 2021, 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53562/ajcb.airj9111.
Full textAbstract:
India, a mega varied nation with merely 2.5% of the earth’s total land region, shelters approx. seven to eight % of entire documented species, comprises of 45,000 floral species and 97,000 species of animals. Although, India can exhibit a notable variety of life diversity but there is barely any possibility for sense of security. The biodiversity experiences a variety of threats like overexploitation of natural resources, climate change, land use changes in natural habitats and spread of invasive species. Number of actions comprising facilitating strategy and official framework, have been put in place to mainstream environment, together with biodiversity. To attain the goals of Convention on Biodiversity, Indian government proclaimed the ‘Biological Diversity Act’ in 2002. The NBA founded under this act operates controlling, advisory and facilitative roles on matters of conservation, balanced usage of biological resources and fair and equitable sharing of benefits of use. The NBA operates through SBBs at the state level and BMCs at the regional level to execute biodiversity policies via development of People's Biodiversity Registers. All these efforts will help in moving forward in the direction of attaining objectives for biodiversity protection and human development. This review summarized the structure of multi-tier system of National Biodiversity Authority with focus on Biodiversity Management Committee and their roles in conservation.
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"Interconnected Flora: Understanding Plant Communication and Behavior Through Chemical Signaling, Electrical Signaling, And Root Network Interactions in Ecosystems." Australian Herbal Insight 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.25163/ahi.219913.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The study of plant communication and behavior has revealed intricate mechanisms by which plants interact with their environment and neighboring organisms. Plants have evolved complex signaling systems, including chemical, electrical, and root-based communication pathways, to adapt and thrive in dynamic ecosystems. Methods: We conducted an extensive review of the literature, examining experimental studies on plant signaling mechanisms such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) release, electrical signal transmission, and mycorrhizal network interactions. A meta-analysis of findings from field and laboratory studies provided insight into the adaptive functions of these behaviors. Results: Our findings indicate that plants use VOCs to warn neighboring plants of herbivore attacks. Electrical signaling was observed to mediate responses to environmental stimuli, such as light and mechanical stress. Mycorrhizal networks facilitate resource sharing and defense signaling across plant communities. These mechanisms collectively enhance plant survival and ecological fitness. Conclusion: Plant communication is multifaceted, involving chemical, electrical, and root-based networks that contribute to survival strategies. Understanding these interactions enriches our knowledge of ecosystem dynamics and has potential applications in agriculture and conservation.
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Silva, Dulce Helena Siqueira, Helena Mannochio-Russo, João Henrique Ghilardi Lago, et al. "Bioprospecting as a strategy for conservation and sustainable use of the Brazilian Flora." Biota Neotropica 22, spe (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1356.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In Brazil, research with natural products had a strong impulse when FAPESP supported the creation of the Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products of the Institute of Chemistry of USP (1966). In 1999, FAPESP launched the Research Program in the Characterization, Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity (BIOTA-FAPESP), which intensified the sustainable exploitation of biodiversity, and which evolved to form the Biota Network for Bioprospection and Bioassays (BIOprospecTA), which integrates groups from all over the country, optimizing the use of the skills already installed for the bioprospecting of microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, vertebrates and marine organisms. Of the 104 projects related to plant sciences, 35 carried out bioprospection of Brazilian flora, belonging to the areas of Chemistry, Botany, Genetics, Plant Physiology, Plant Morphology, Plant (Chemo)taxonomy, Ecosystem Ecology, Plant Genetics. Physical Sciences, Forest Resources, Forestry Engineering, Agronomy, leading to thousands of publications, engagement of hundreds of students and a deeper understanding of natural products in different biological models through macromolecules analysis aided by computational and spectrometric strategies, in addition to pharmacological evaluations. The development of omics approaches led to a more comprehensive view of the chemical profile of an organism, and enabled integrated and concomitant studies of several samples, and faster annotation of known molecules, through the use of hyphenated and chemometric techniques, and molecular networking. This also helped to overcome the lack of information on the safety and efficacy of herbal preparations, in projects dealing with the standardization of herbal products, according to international standards. The BIOTA-FAPESP program has also focused on environmental aspects, in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry and has had positive effects on international collaboration, on the number and impact of scientific publications and on partnership with companies, a crucial step to add value and expand the production chain of bioproducts. Also, the compilation, systematization and sharing of data were contemplated with the creation of the NUBBEDB database, of free access, and that integrates with international databases (ACD/labs, American Chemical Society – ACS), helping researchers and companies in the development from different areas of science, technology, strengthening the bioeconomy and subsidizing public policies.