Academic literature on the topic 'Flore insulaire'

This article contains the first ever published list of Joachite manuscript sources in England, with an introductory overview of the main ideas, usually optimistic, which such texts transmitted. The list is offered to supplement on-going work in Judaism and Insular culture.

In this paper, species of the genus Adoxa L. were analyzed that occur in the flora of Russia. We noted that three species have been found on the territory of Russia: Adoxa moschatellina L., Adoxa orientalis Nepomn. and Adoxa insularis Nepomn. A. moschatellina has a circumpolar areal. The species A. orientalis rarely occurs in Far East. It was determined that this species has more primitive flower structure as compared with A. moschatellina. The lateral flowers of A. orientalis in the inflorescence are trimerous (Ca(3)CO(6)A6G(3)),, whereas anther filaments are integral. On islands Kunashir and Sakhalin, we noted the presence of A. insularis whose flower structure has signs of more complete organization. In A. insularis, petals are oval, with a pointed tip, and have straight veinlets; A. insularis possesses 3- to 4-fold fewer nectar glandules, which are located directly on the petals’ surface, rather than in depressions on the petals as in A. moschatellina. Anther filaments in A. insularis are longer, and the angle between cleft filaments in A. insularis is 30–40° (rather than 90° or more as in A. moschatellina). It was concluded that in Adoxa species, there has been an obvious process of evolutionary reduction of flower structure.

AbstractThe first lichen records from the Lakshadweep (Laccadive) Islands are presented.Lithothelium insulare (Pyrenulaceae) is described as new and nine other taxa are reported. The poor lichen flora, dominated by pantropical species, is probably a result of the lack of natural habitats in this area.

In the introduction to her book, The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages, Beryl Smalley remarks that the Bible was “the most studied book of the middle ages,” and that “the language and the content of Scripture permeate medieval thought” (xi). This concern with the basic text of the Christian faith was felt in early medieval England as much as anywhere else in Christendom. Bede, for instance, highly prized his own commentaries on the books of the Bible, and at the end of his life was translating the gospel of St John into the vernacular. The Codex Amiatinus, the Lindisfarne and Rushworth gospels are all de luxe manuscripts, are all produced in insular scriptoria, and are all beautifully laid out and gloriously illustrated copies of these biblical texts. Perhaps more important, the latter two of these codices were copiously glossed in the vernacular, a process which, to the modern eye at least, disturbs the visual splendour of the manuscript, but which proves that study and understanding of the text was of great importance to the Northumbrian monks who used the manuscripts. Similarly, many of the psalters of Anglo-Saxon England were glossed, illustrated, or otherwise laid out in such a way as to suggest careful study of the text.

The lichen flora of Svalbard742 species, including 151 reported for the first time, are treated from Svalbard (exclusive of Bjørnøya). New to science are: Bryocaulon hyperborea Øvstedal (also known from Greenland), Buellia insularis Øvstedal, Lepraria svalbardensis Tønsberg, Placynthium pulvinatum Øvstedal (also recorded from mainland Norway), Rhizocarpon dahlii Øvstedal, R. tephromelae Øvstedal, and Tephromela lucifuga Øvstedal & Tønsberg. New combinations are: Aspicilia major (Lynge) Øvstedal, Aspicilia punctiformis (Lynge) Øvstedal, Cetraria racemosa (Lynge) Øvstedal, Miriquidica picea (Lynge) Øvstedal, and Stereocaulon compactum (I. M. Lamb) Øvstedal. Information on morphology, anatomy, chemistry, substrate preferences and distribution is included for all taxa. Keys to genera and species are provided. Separate keys are provided for sorediate species on rock and on soil/bryophytes. 6 % of the species are defined as cosmopolitan. More than one third has a bipolar distribution, whereas about 60 % are restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, 52 species are high-arctic and lacking from Fennoscandia, and 12 species are at present known as Svalbard endemics.

Na Reserva foram encontradas 121 espécies, sendo 27 de Chlorophyceae, 21 de Phaeophyceae e 73 de Rhodophyceae. Dentre estas espécies, 38 são novas referências para a ilha, sendo que Cladophora catenata (L.) Kütz. é pela primeira vez citada para o litoral do Rio de Janeiro. Não foram encontradas espécies endêmicas e nem flora específica de região insular. A comparação da flora da Reserva com a de regiões vizinhas indica alta percentagem de espécies em comum entre elas.

The Eocene Flores volcanics of the Insular Belt of southwestern Vancouver Island have U–Pb zircon ages of 51–50 Ma and a mean direction of magnetization (D, I) of 349.8°, 69.6 °(12 collecting sites, k = 41, α95 = 7.0°). The paleopole (81.1°N, 188.0°E, K = 20, A95 = 9.9°) agrees well with Early to Middle Eocene (54–48 Ma) paleopoles from cratonic North America and with two Early to Middle Eocene paleopoles (49 and 52 Ma) from the Intermontane Belt of the Canadian Cordillera. This shows that both the Vancouver Island section of the Insular Belt and the Intermontane Belt were in their present positions with respect to ancestral North America at that time. The data can be used as a reference for estimating tilts in bodies that themselves contain no geological evidence of paleohorizontal; as an illustration, tilts of two Eocene intrusions on Vancouver Island are estimated.

The liverwort and hornwort flora of the Korean Peninsula possesses some unique traits arising from the geographic position of the Peninsula, where the mainland flora meets insular flora. This flora is still not exhaustively studied, due not only to political reasons, but also because much less attention has been paid than to adjacent lands by hepaticologists. A checklist presented is based on a study of ca. 15,500 specimens collected by the authors and a review of relevant literature. This study provides the checklist of liverworts and hornworts known from Korea and the geographical distribution of each species within the peninsula. The liverworts and hornworts in Korean flora include 346 taxa (326 species, 16 subspecies and four varieties) in 112 genera and 50 families. Since 2007, 75 taxa of liverworts and four taxa of hornworts are reported as new to the Korean Peninsula, with a number of the new records arising following application of new taxonomic concepts that have become apparent over the last few decades. While compiling the checklist, 42 species, previously reported to Korea, are excluded from the Korean liverwort flora.

La nutrition postnatale précoce conditionne la santé du futur adulte du fait de son rôle déterminant dans l’implantation du microbiote intestinal et le développement de la physiologie de l’hôte. L’objectif de mon travail de thèse a été d’évaluer les conséquences de la réintroduction de matière grasse laitière associée ou non au probiotique Lactobacillus fermentum dans des préparations pour nourrissons, sur le microbiote, la physiologie intestinale et le métabolisme de l’adulte, en utilisant le miniporc Yucatan comme modèle de l’Homme. Nos travaux ont montré un renforcement des défenses non spécifiques intestinales chez le jeune et une amélioration des fonctions endocrine et immunitaire intestinales de l’adulte soumis à un régime hyper-énergétique, réduisant ainsi le risque de développer une inflammation et des désordres métaboliques. Ces effets ont été associés à une modification de la digestion des préparations chez le jeune et à une modulation de la composition et de l’activité métabolique du microbiote intestinal. Des effets spécifiques de la matière grasse laitière et de L. fermentum, et d’autres complémentaires, ont été observés, suggérant des mécanismes d’action différents. Les modifications induites par la composition des préparations pour nourrissons étaient site- et âge-spécifiques, le comportement du microbiote caecal se rapprochant du microbiote fécal. En conclusion, l’optimisation des préparations pour nourrissons pourrait passer par l’ajout de matière grasse laitière et du probiotique L. fermentum
Early postnatal nutrition programs adult health owing to its crucial role in gut microbiota colonization and host physiology development. The objective of my thesis was to investigate the consequences of dairy lipid addition with or without probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum in infant formulas on adult gut microbiota, physiology and metabolism, using Yucatan minipig as a model for humans. We demonstrated increased non-specific intestinal defences in piglets and improved intestinal endocrine and immune functions in adults submitted to a high-energy diet, which may protect them from inflammation and metabolic disorders. These effects were associated in piglets to changes in digestion and gut microbiota composition and metabolism. We observed specific and complementary effects of dairy lipids and L. fermentum, suggesting different mechanisms of action. The infant formula composition had site- and age-specific effects, the caecal microbiota being closer to the faecal one. To conclude, the addition of dairy lipids and L. fermentum in infant formulas is an effective way to improve infant formulas

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The Atlantic Forest is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots because of the diversity and high degrees of endemism and threat. Melastomataceae is a plant family typical of this biome, and it is represented by more than 500 species that occur from restingas (sandy coastal plain habitats) to the upper montane forests and high-altitude grasslands. Despite this broad representation, there are few taxonomic studies of this family for this biome, and especially of the flora of Rio de Janeiro state. The present study aims to survey the Melastomataceae at Marambaia, an island included in the Atlantic Forest biome, as well as taxonomic and floristic similarity studies. It has significant ecological importance as a natural refuge for several plant species of the Tropical Moist Forest and for the preservation of genetic heritage. The vegetation types are Submontane Tropical Moist Forest and restinga, and the Melastomataceae is represented by seven genera and 25 species, of which 13 (52%) represent new records for the area. Miconia is the largest genus with 10 species, followed by Tibouchina (6 spp.), Leandra (4 spp.), Clidemia (2spp.) and Huberia, Marcetia and Ossaea (1 sp. each). Descriptions, illustrations, and a key to identify the taxa are provided. Morphological characteristics of leaves, inflorescences, buds, petals, hypanthium, stamens, indumentum, fruits, and seeds are diagnostic to distinguish the taxa. Comments on morphological peculiarities of species and geographical, phenological, and conservation status data are also presented. Three species are cited on the list of endangered species of Rio de Janeiro municipality. Among the vegetation formations, the Submontane Tropical Moist Forest has the highest species richness (23 species), while in restingas the richness is lower, with eight species in forest formations, five species in shrubby formations, and only two species in herbaceous formations. Similarity between the vegetation formations of Marambaia was low, ranging between 4.2% and 40%. Despite the strong relationship between these formations and their physical proximity, the four areas at Marambaia have low species similarity. Key words: Atlantic
A Floresta Atl?ntica ? um dos hotspots mundiais de biodiversidade devido ? elevada diversidade e graus de endemismo e amea?a. Dentre as fam?lias vegetais t?picas desse bioma est? Melastomataceae, com mais de 500 esp?cies e que ocorrem desde as restingas at? as florestas altomontanas e campos de altitude. Apesar dessa numerosa representatividade, poucos s?o os estudos taxon?micos sobre esta fam?lia na flora fluminense. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar o levantamento flor?stico da fam?lia Melastomataceae na Marambaia, uma regi?o insular integrada no bioma Floresta Atl?ntica, bem como estudos taxon?micos e de similaridade flor?stica. Ela desempenha significativa import?ncia ecol?gica como um ref?gio natural para diversas esp?cies de plantas da Mata Pluvial e atua na preserva??o do patrim?nio gen?tico. Nessa regi?o insular, onde a cobertura vegetal ? de Floresta Ombr?fila Densa Submontana e Restinga, a representatividade da fam?lia Melastomataceae mostra-se expressiva, constitu?da de sete g?neros e 25 esp?cies, das quais 13 correspondem a novos registros para a ?rea. Miconia ? o g?nero mais numeroso, com 10 esp?cies, seguido por Tibouchina (6 spp.), Leandra (4 spp.), Clidemia ( 2spp.) e Huberia, Marcetia e Ossaea (1 sp. cada). S?o apresentadas descri??es, ilustra??es e chaves para identifica??o dos t?xons. Caracter?sticas morfol?gicas das folhas, infloresc?ncias, ?pice dos bot?es florais e p?talas, hipanto, estames, tipos de indumento, frutos e sementes mostram-se diagn?sticas para a identifica??o dos t?xons. Coment?rios sobre particularidades morfol?gicas das esp?cies e dados geogr?ficos, fenol?gicos e sobre o estado de conserva??o das esp?cies, tamb?m s?o apresentados. Tr?s esp?cies s?o citadas na lista das esp?cies amea?adas de extin??o para o munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. Dentre as forma??es vegetais analisadas, a Floresta Ombr?fila Densa Submontana apresentou a maior riqueza de esp?cies (23 esp?cies), enquanto nas restingas a riqueza foi menor, com oito esp?cies nas Forma??es Florestais, cinco esp?cies nas Forma??es Arbustivas e apenas duas esp?cies nas Forma??es Herb?ceas. A similaridade entre as forma??es vegetais da Marambaia foi baixa, variando entre 4,2% e 40%. Apesar da elevada rela??o entre essas forma??es e suas proximidades f?sicas na Marambaia, as quatro ?reas guardam poucas semelhan?as na composi??o de esp?cies

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão e Conservação da Natureza, 15 de Maio de 2015, Universidade dos Açores.
A componente de campo da presente dissertação decorreu na costa da Ilha Terceira (Porto Martins) e na Ilha de São Miguel (viveiros da SPEA, Ilhéu de Vila Franca do Campo e Ribeira Grande). Este trabalho tem como espécie alvo a Azorina vidalii (espécie emblemática, protegida regional e internacionalmente, considerada em perigo pelo IUCN e único género endémico de plantas dos Açores). O objetivo geral deste estudo é desenvolver um plano de gestão e conservação de Azorina vidalii, e contribuir para a gestão e conservação da orla costeira dos Açores. Os objetivos específicos serão a avaliar o nível de proteção das populações de Azorina vidalii nos Açores, identificar as condições climáticas determinantes para a existência das actuais populações, identificar áreas de probabilidade de ocorrência potencial das populações de Azorina vidalii, monitorizar o impacte dos distúrbios naturais nas populações desta espécie, avaliar o sucesso de medidas de conservação ex-situ e in-situ, e elaborar propostas para a gestão e conservação da espécie e das populações. [...]
ABSTRACT: The field work component of this dissertation occurred in the Terceira Islan's coast (Porto Martins) and in São Miguel island (SPE's nurseries, Vila Franca do Campo Islet and Ribeira Grande. This work targets the species Azorina vidalii (emblematic species, both regionally and internationally protected, described as Endangered by IUCN and the only endemic genera of plants in the Azores). The general aim of this study is to develop a conservation plan for Azorina vidalii and to contribute for the management and preservation of the marine coastal area of Azores. The specific goals are to evaluate the protection level of the populations of Azorina vidalii in Azores, identify the climacteric conditions that limit the existence of the actual populations, identify probability areas of potential occurrence of the Azorina vidalii’s populations, monitor the impact of the natural disturbances in these populations, implement and evaluate the success of conservation measures ex-situ and in-situ and elaborate management and monitoring proposals towards the conservation of the species and the populations. [...]

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão e Conservação da Natureza, 23 de outubro de 2019, Universidade dos Açores.
Historicamente, as ilhas oceânicas têm sido suscetíveis às invasões biológicas devido à falta de harmonia taxonómica e intensa alteração dos habitats mediada pelas atividades humanas, entre outras razões. No entanto, o conhecimento fornecido através de diferentes fontes (e.g. académica, amadora – não tendo como objectivo final a produção de ciência –, ciência cidadã) constitui uma valiosa contribuição para a detecção, monitorização e controle de espécies exóticas invasoras. Na Ilha Terceira (Açores), a presença, abundância e distribuição de espécies de plantas exóticas invasoras são influenciadas por fatores ecológicos e sociais. A atualização periódica dos dados disponíveis sobre essas espécies permitirá detectar diferenças com outras ilhas do arquipélago e possíveis mudanças ao longo do tempo que, junto com as perspectivas das populações locais, devem ser tidas em conta para a gestão deste assunto. Neste contexto, esta tese de mestrado pretende fornecer uma atualização do conhecimento sobre as espécies de plantas exóticas invasoras da Ilha Terceira, bem como fornecer uma abordagem exploratória das perspectivas dos habitantes locais sobre esta questão. Os dados foram recolhidos através de métodos qualitativas e quantitativas: um estudo ecológico sobre a distribuição e abundância de 30 espécies de plantas exóticas invasoras da Ilha Terceira e através de um inquérito online (questionário) para estudar as percepções, conhecimentos e atitudes dos habitantes locais sobre plantas invasoras. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que atividades humanas como o uso da terra ou a proteção dos habitats nativos, juntamente com fatores ecológicos (ex. altitude e tipo de habitats) determinam a presença de espécies de plantas invasoras, e que o nível de consciência dos habitantes locais sobre esse problema é principalmente influenciado pela sua área de formação académica, nível académico e duração da sua residência nos Açores. Estes resultados mostram que a compressão das invasões de plantas na Ilha Terceira não deve ser abordada apenas do ponto de vista ecológico, mas que variáveis sociais e ambientais devem ser tidas em conta na concepção de futuras campanhas de sensibilização sobre as espécies de plantas exóticas invasoras e utilizada para apoiar as políticas ambientais na Ilha Terceira.
ABSTRACT: Historically, oceanic islands have been susceptible to biological invasions due to the lack of taxonomic harmony and intense habitat alteration mediated by human activities, among other reasons. However, increased knowledge provided through different sources (e.g. academic, amateur – without the primary goal of producing scientific data –, citizen science) is a valuable contribution to support the detection, monitoring and control of invasive alien species. On Terceira Island (Azores), the presence, abundance and distribution of invasive alien plant species is driven by ecological and social factors. Thus, periodic update of the data on invasive alien plant species is necessary in order to detect differences from the rest of the archipelago and possible changes over the time which, together with the local populations’ perspectives, should be taken into account for the management of this issue. In this context, this master´s thesis aims to provide an update of the current knowledge with regards to invasive alien plant species of Terceira Island as well as to provide an exploratory approach to locals´ perspectives about this topic. The data were collected both through qualitative and quantitative methods: an ecology study on the distribution and abundance of 30 invasive alien plant species of Terceira Island, and through an online survey (questionnaire) aiming to study locals´ perceptions, knowledge and attitudes. The results of this study show that anthropogenic activities such as land use or the protection of native habitats, together with ecological factors (altitude, type of habitats), determine the presence of invasive alien plant species; and that locals’ level of awareness about this issue is influenced by their academic background, educational level and the length of their residence in the Azores. These results show that plant invasions on Terceira Island cannot be understood only from an ecological approach. Social and environmental variables should be taken together into account for the development of campaigns to raise people awareness about invasive alien plant species and their support to the environmental policies on Terceira Island.

Before middle Miocene times, Baja California was attached to the rest of the North American continent. Consequently, most of the terrestrial fauna and flora of the peninsula had its origins in mainland Mexico. However, the separation of the peninsula and its northwestward displacement resulted in a variety of distribution patterns, isolations, extinctions, origins and ultimate evolution of fauna and flora in several ways. The islands in the Gulf of California have been colonized by species from Baja California and mainland Mexico. Some workers (Soulé and Sloan 1966; Wilcox 1978) consider that many of these islands originated as landbridges. Geographically, most of the islands are closer to the peninsula than to the mainland. Therefore, it has been assumed that the Baja California Peninsula was the origin of most of the organisms inhabiting them (Murphy 1983). Islands separated by depths of 110 m or less from the peninsula or mainland Mexico apparently owe their current insular existence to a rise in sea level during the current interglacial period (Soulé and Sloan 1966). In contrast, little information exists for deep-water islands. Any complete analysis of the distribution and origin of several organic groups inhabiting the Gulf of California islands should involve the consideration of several contrasting models arguing in favor of or against the equilibrium theory (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). In any model, one of the most important features to consider is the relationship between the species inhabiting the gulf islands and the physical and geological processes of formation of the islands, as well as their age, size, and distance from either the peninsula or the mainland. Understanding colonization, migration, and distribution, particularly in some groups, requires information on whether a particular island was ever connected to a continental source. For example, to explain some characteristics of the populations of any island, which presumably had a recent (<10,000-15,000 years) connection to a continental source, it is necessary to evaluate the coastal erosion or the relative rise in the sea level. These factors might contribute to effectively isolating an insular habit or to forming landbridges.