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1
Thamrin, M. Husni. "COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AND PARTICIPATION (THE ROLE OF VILLAGE COUNCIL AND PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PPMK AT SOUTH CIPINANG BESAR VILLAGE, DKI JAKARTA)." NATAPRAJA 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jnp.v8i2.33752.
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Amid the debate of whether community-based organizations created by the government can increase citizen participation in public affairs, by conducting a case study on Village Council formed by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government, this research aimed to investigate the way this organization works and whether this organization can increase citizen participation. This study used a mixed method to achieve research objectives. The result indicated the minimal role of the Village Council in encouraging citizen participation. The ability of community organization to establish a quality relationship with citizens become a significant determining factor for inviting citizens to participate. However, it is not enough because the context of the existence of community organizations also determines the ability of community organizations to play their roles such as the construction of legal formal and construction of relationships built between a community organization and the arena of policymaking.
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Bhattacharya, Purusottam. "Foreign Policy Coordination in the European Community." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 46, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492849004600101.
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One of the corner stones of the European Economic Community since its inception in 1958 has been the concept of political cooperation among the member states. Despite its economic character the founding fathers envisaged an essentially political community to be brought about by greater functional cooperation through Community organs such as the Commission, the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament.1 Greater harmony was also to be brought about in the conduct of Member States' foreign relations and the Community was increasingly to speak with one voice in international affairs.2 Although the necessity to impart a more formal character to the process of consultations on foreign policy issues was felt during the decade following the establishment of the Community the first concrete steps in this regard were initiated only in 1969 which resulted in the so-called ‘Davignon Report’ in 1970.3 Following its recommendation for a common European diplomatic effort European Political Cooperation (EPC) was set up in 1970. The process which was to consist of foreign policy coordination among the Member States of the European Community was to be conducted outside the framework of the treaties establishing the Community and thus not to be governed by the decision-making rules that applied to the meetings of the EEC Council of Ministers.4
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Anshori, Ahmad, Irfan Ridwan Maksum, and Linda Darmajanti. "The Challenges to Increase Participation In Urban Community Empowerment." JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 21, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkap.25061.
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Characteristics of DKI Jakarta as Indonesian capital with a rich diversity of people from various social, cultural, and economic backgrounds, have challenging implication for participatory community empowerment. This is proven by low participation level in community affairs in the province. This research aims to assess factors responsible for low participation in community empowerment in urban areas and identify measures to improve it. The research was based on a qualitative methods in the Village Community Empowerment Program (PPMK) implemented in KampungRawa, Kalibaru, and Tanjung Duren Melawai in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. The selection of the administrative villages was based on Social Insecurity Potential Index (IPKS) which portrays an overview of urban social structure. Research results showed that low participation in community affairs is attributable to the normative nature of participation, non-compliance of targeted groups in certain areas, lack of information, weak public institutions (Village Consultative Council/LMK), lack of adequate support from local leaders (Chief of Neighborhood Association (RT) and Chief of Community Association (RW)), and absence of management training programs. Moreover, low participation is exacerbated by low public awareness about the environment. Thus, efforts that can be undertaken include enhancing the role of the Government, implementing e-governance by RT and RW neighborhood heads as the driving force and representatives of the community.
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Noël, Émile. "Reflections on the Community in the Aftermath of the Meeting of the European Council in Milan." Government and Opposition 20, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1985.tb01097.x.
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THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY HAS BEEN IN A STATE OF ALMOST perpetual crisis since 1979: a financial crisis, institutional drift, the lack of long-term objectives. Nevertheless the patient efforts to bring back order into its affairs which were undertaken after the European Council at Stuttgart (1983) and tenaciously pursued by the European Commission under Mr Thorn's presidency, as well as by the successive presidents of the Council of Ministers, are at last coming to fruition. For the first time in many years, the heads of state or of government have been able to devote themselves in Milan to genuinely political reflections – to concentrate their thoughts on the future Europe and the means of building it. Even if the dialogue was only too often replaced by confrontation, nevertheless, the debate has begun and is bound to continue.
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Andreu, Michael G., Caroline A. Hament, David A. Fox, and Robert J. Northrop. "Values and Ecosystem Services Provided by Gainesville's Urban Forest in 2016." EDIS 2019, no. 5 (August 6, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fr414-2019.
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The urban forest is a crucial factor in the well-being of a community because of the aesthetics, health benefits, and cost-savings that it provides. The urban forest is our habitat, and we must manage it in ways that will provide the benefits we need and desire. This 3-page fact sheet written by Michael G. Andreu, Caroline A. Hament, David A. Fox, and Robert J. Northrop and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes an urban forest ecological analysis conducted in 2016 in Gainesville, Florida, by the University of Florida in partnership with the Parks, Recreation, and Cultural Affairs Department to quantify the vegetation structure, functions, and values of the urban forest. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr414
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Vladychenko, Larysa. "THE ALL-UKRAINIAN COUNCIL OF CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS. OVER TWENTY YEARS OF OPERATION: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 14, no. 2 (2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2019.14.1.
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This article reviews the specificity of the institutional area of interreligious and interconfessional relations in Ukraine. It highlights the preconditions for the emergence of one of the interreligious associations of Ukraine – the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations. The structure and the statutory documents of the AUCCRO are reviewed in the article. The author investigates the specifics of the activity and peculiarities of the organizational structure of the Council. The Council's cooperation with state institutions is analyzed and the problematic aspects of the interconfessional and state-confessional spheres are identified. Two periods in the existence of the AUCCRO are highlighted in the article: from 1996 to 2004 and from 2005 to the present. Particular attention is given to the prerequisites and the possibility of the emergence of the AUCCRO in correlation to the cooperation with the State body of Ukraine for religious affairs in the context of the current religious situation and interreligious/interconfessional relations at the beginning of Ukraine's independence. The formation of the AUCCRO under the central executive authority was prompted by the need to resolve property conflicts among religious organizations. The AUCCRO facilitated the dialogue between the authorities and religious organizations and involved representatives of the religious community in solving the problematic issues of the interconfessional state-religious complex at that time. The article draws attention to the change of the organizational form of the AUCCRO after the political changes in the country in 2004 and the reduction of the status of the State body of Ukraine for religious affairs. The AUCCRO has been acquiring a new format of activity, which is specified in the Regulation on the AUCCRO, since 2005. Attention is drawn to some of the inaccuracies of the statistical nature and internal organization of the AUCCRO, which is criticized by other religious communities. The practical activities of the AUCCRO and the organizational mechanism of its activity are analyzed. The author emphasizes on the topical issues for the religious community that AUCCRO raises in its appeals to the government officials. The AUCCRO's mechanism of the cooperation with the state authorities through the formation and further activity of the advisory bodies of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the penitentiary system is shown.
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Nenno, Mary K. "Urban Policy Revisited—Issues Resurface with a New Urgency." Journal of Planning Literature 3, no. 3 (June 1988): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088541228800300301.
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In 1969, U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, then Director of President Nixon's Urban Affairs Council, began a new national process of looking at the urbanization of the United States. This process was confirmed in the Urban Policy Reports required of the President under the 1977 Housing and Community Development Act. President Carter's two reports (1978 and 1980) detailed specific national initiatives to deal with urban problems. President Reagan's reports (1982, 1984, 1986, and 1988) sublimated urban issues under macro economic and fiscal strategies. In 1988, complex urban issues identified by Moynihan are resurfacing with a new urgency, building demand for revitalized federal initiatives.
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Karimi, Alireza, A. Koosha, M. Najafi Asfad, and M. T. Ansari. "Examining of Relationship between Responsibility to Protect & Sovereignty of States in Light of Practice of International Community." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p256.
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With the end of the civil war and fading of military and ideological competitions of the superpowers and drastic changes in the international system, maintaining peace and security has been closely associated with the political, social economic and cultural structures of states and their behavior in observing the criteria of human rights. The Security Council as an organ, established for keeping Peace and Security has experienced great opposition to the sovereignty of states by using human rights rules as an alibi, and even has paved the way for military intervention. Normally, material breach of the human rights criteria and fundamental liberties can endanger the international peace and security. In this type of situations, the issue can be discussed in the Security Council with the request of the general assembly and the general secretary. IF the Security Council confirms a threat consequent to the material violation of human rights rules, it can enforce the required actions, regarding its obligations and authorities. The intervention of the Security Council as a representative of the international community with regard to taking decisions for humanitarian intervention in the context of the responsibility to protect and denying the absolute sovereignty of states on one hand and encouraging the states to guarantee the observance of civil rights of people and enabling them in the field of public welfare and even military intervention and protecting nations against tragedies such as genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, on the other hand are significant challenges. Although the responsibility to protect is practiced in the direction of legitimate intervention in the domestic affairs of sovereign nation – states with the objective of protecting humanitarian rules, actually after 2001, the chances for humanitarian measures have been decreased. In this article, we will examine this issue that from the beginning of the third millennium what effects, the concept of responsibility to protect has had by limiting the sovereignty of states and redefining it, aligned with the humanitarian intervention by the Security Council?
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Mkoma, Rahel Nasoni, and Charles Tinabo Rwekaza. "Decentralization in Tanzania: Perceptible Efficiency and Effectiveness in Management of Community Health Care, Free Basic Education and Public Private Partnership." HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2021-0006.
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Abstract Decentralization has been a means to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in the management of local government affairs. Tanzania has undergone a reform through decentralization by devolution (D by D) and shifted relative power to lower levels of government known as local government authorities. The purpose is to improve the management of local government affair including the management of community health, free basic education and the management of contracts through public-private partnership. The objective of this paper is to review and analyse on how D by D has enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in the management of local government affairs in Tanzania. Data were collected through reviewing different documents including published journal articles, unpublished Master and PhD thesis/dissertations, government reports and online materials. Efficiency and effectiveness in the management of local government affairs are enhanced by D by D as there are improvements in the management of the community health fund as the number of households enrolled is consecutively increasing in the past five years from 543,328 in 2012/2013 to 2,251,055 in 2017/2018giving a total of 13,506,330 beneficiaries out of the total population. In the management of free fee basic education, head masters, mistress and head teachers in Singida and Ruangwa districts are successful in overcoming the challenges of free fee basic education while there is improved community participation in the management of management of contracted services in Ulanga district council. This paper recommends for reviewing and analysing how D by D has enhanced management of waste collection, the use of Government electronic Payment Gateway (GePG) in revenue collection and the efficiency and effectiveness of Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA).
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Fillenbaum, Gerda G., Sergio Luís Blay, Sergio Baxter Andreoli, and Fabio Leite Gastal. "Correlates of lifetime alcohol abuse and dependence among older community residents in Brazil." International Psychiatry 6, no. 2 (April 2009): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600000436.
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Misinterpretation in major surveys of alcohol use disorder as described by DSM-IV (Hasin et al, 2007) has raised serious questions regarding the extent of alcohol use disorder, and the relationship between alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. While the adverse social, physical and mental effects of alcohol misuse are well known (Council on Scientific Affairs, 1996), there is little information on the determinants of alcohol abuse (societal impact) and alcohol dependence (physiological impact). We therefore examined their separate and combined associations with demographic, social and health characteristics in a representative community-resident sample aged 60 years and over. We hypothesised that, while for each of the three groups (those with alcohol abuse, those with alcohol dependence, and those with both) there would be associated demographic characteristics, abuse would be more closely associated with social characteristics, dependence with health characteristics, and the combined presence of abuse and dependence with both social and health characteristics.
11
Saligin, V. I. "School of Energy Diplomacy." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(38) (October 28, 2014): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-186-191.
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Russia's cooperation with international community in finding ways of addressing global energy security, serves its national interests on international arena. International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy (IIEPD) was established at MGIMO University in February 2000, in accordance with the decision of the Academic Council of the 30 th of November 1999 and in the framework of an agreement with the International Academy of the fuel and energy complex. IIEPD combines two important aspects of foreign policy studies - energy and diplomacy. For the first time in Russia it launched a multi-level training in the field of energy diplomacy and geopolitics, and international energy cooperation. The immediate cause of the creation of IIEPD was an urgent demand on the part of major government agencies and leading oil, gas and energy companies for specialists with qualifications necessary to address the issues in the international energy cooperation and integration of the Russian fuel and energy sector in the world economy: - Energy Policy and Diplomacy; - International law; - World Economy and Finance; - International Management and Marketing. The idea of creation of the International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy was supported by the State Duma and the Federation Council, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Economic Development. The Supervisory Board is headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia.
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Horand, Mohamad Badrnajad, and Babak Pourghahramani. "Genocide in Light of the Principles and Rules of International Law." Asian Social Science 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2015): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n1p247.
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<p>In Article 2 (4) of the UN Charter has agreed that members of the United Nations must not intervene in internal affairs of another country, and sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries must be respected. Now in Syria, ISIL terrorist group is committed crimes against Shiites with the involvement of Western and Arabic countries, most of which are permanent members of the Security Council. Crimes that deprive peace, security and the right to life, causing disruption to international and regional peace and security must be prosecuted not to witness the occurrence of such crimes. Killings committed by terrorist groups against Shiites in Syria are genocide under Article 6 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court and lack of attention to crimes committed by terrorist groups in international institutions such as the International Criminal Court continues to bring chaos for the international community and are the unpleasant results resulting from weakness of courts and international organizations including the UN Security Council.</p>
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Lin, Wen Chia. "Study on Community Empowerment by Conversation Art and Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.132.
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Community is a basic element of living field. However, due to the influence and intervention of modernization, the original life styles and traditional cultures of Taiwan’s rural areas have vanished gradually. Since the Council for Cultural Affairs (CCA), Executive Yuan promoted the policy of Community Empowerment in 1994, there have been plenty of discussions related to the topic.Aiming at the operation and combination of Local Aesthetics and Art Community, the cultural policies such as Cultural Citizenship and Civil Aesthetic Movement have made Art into the Community a famous topic in the artistic fields and community construction.Through long-term participation in the construction of Tugou Community , the study reviews the modes, implementations, positions and values of art issues during the integration of Community Empowerment and Art over the years, and analyzes the spirits and meanings behind the issues. The progress of community aesthetics is mentioned in the study, which not only emphasizes on the Publicity and Participation of art empowerment, but also observes the influence of artworks on aesthetic experience of residents and become the technique applied in the space planning and building. It expects to propose a methodology or epistemology on seeking for local aesthetics and practices on life and art for Taiwan’s community empowerment in the future.
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J FARLEY, JAMES. "COVID-19, FORCING A TOUGH DECISION FOR THE OFFICE OF DECISION SUPPORT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA." Muma Case Review 6 (2021): 001–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4751.
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Dr. Valeria Garcia, AVP for the Office of Decision Support (ODS), at the University of South Florida (USF), a member of the Academic Affairs leadership team and has been involved in academic and student success continuation planning. Dr. Garcia was on track with scheduled planning for the 2020-21 Academic Year as her team of analysts prepare analyses, dashboards, and other analytical materials for constituents across the university. Mid-March 2020, an unexpected turn of events occurred, the “Black Swan”, as the COVID-19 pandemic that first hit China in December 2019, affected America. Very quickly, government bodies reacted to the pandemic, implementing tactics to control the spread of the virus. With a shift to online classes for the remainder of the spring semester and transition to fully online for the summer semester, USF leadership was challenged with pivoting decision-making with the best interest of the community in mind.
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Sushyk, Olha. "Acquis Communautaire in the Field of Nuclear and Radiation Safety and Ukrainian Legislation: Prospects and Challenges of Harmonization." Studia Iuridica 71 (November 20, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5833.
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Since the Chernobyl disaster, special attention is paid in Ukraine to legislation in the field of nuclear energy and radiation safety. A new stage of enhancing Ukrainian nuclear and radiation safety legislation began with the signing in 2014 of the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other. In addition, the Ordinance of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 17 September 2014 on the implementation of the Association Agreement on atomic energy between Ukraine from one side and the European Union, the European Community and its member-countries from another side, provided for the development and adoption of new regulations in the energy sector (including nuclear) in order to implement Directives: 1) Council Directive 2014/87/Euratom of 8 July 2014 amending Directive 2009/71/Euratom establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations, 2) Council Directive 2006/117/Euratom of 20 November 2006 on the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel, 3) Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionizing radiation. Implementation of EU legislation in the field of nuclear and radiation safety will reveal major shortcomings of the current state of affairs and, at the same time, mechanisms to improve Ukraine’s national legislation with the aim of preventing another Chernobyl disaster in the future.
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Boast, Richard. "The Omahu Affair, the Law of Succession and the Native Land Court." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 46, no. 3 (October 1, 2015): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v46i3.4899.
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This article discusses the Omahu affair, a prominent legal drama that took place in the late 19th century involving prominent Māori leaders from the Hawke’s Bay region. The case was the subject of numerous Native Land Court hearings, decisions of the ordinary courts, and ultimately a Privy Council decision in London. This article considers how tensions within the Māori community could drive cases in the Native Land Court, and explores the interconnections between that Court and the ordinary courts. It seeks to promote a more sophisticated view of the Court's role, particularly in the context of inter-Māori disputes, as well as of the complexities of legal and political affairs in 19th century New Zealand. The article also raises some questions relating to the role of elites in the Māori community, and the interconnections between Māori and European elites in 19th century New Zealand.
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Mceleavy, Peter. "THE COMMUNITARIZATION OF DIVORCE RULES: WHAT IMPACT FOR ENGLISH AND SCOTTISH LAW?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 53, no. 3 (July 2004): 605–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/53.3.605.
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Family law may not be an area one immediately associates with the European Community but in recent years it has rapidly emerged as an important element of the ever-expanding portfolio of the Justice and Home Affairs Directorate General.1 Facilitating the circulation of family law orders through the harmonization of private international law rules is viewed in Community circles as essential if the free movement of persons is to be guaranteed within the European Union.2 The merits of this policy and the manner in which the transformation of the Brussels II Convention3 into a Council Regulation4 was used to acquire wider competence in respect of family law matters have both previously been considered.5 In the present paper such policy considerations are left aside to allow for a detailed analysis of those rules which deal with divorce and their effect on English and Scottish law.
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Hallaj, Muhammad. "Recollections of the Nakba through a Teenager's Eyes." Journal of Palestine Studies 38, no. 1 (2008): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2008.38.1.66.
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Muhammad Hallaj, a political scientist specializing in Palestinian affairs and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, was born in Qalqilya, Palestine, in 1932. After earning his doctorate from the University of Florida in 1966, he taught at Florida's Jacksonville University and then at the University of Jordan in Amman. Hallaj returned to the West Bank in 1975, where he served as dean of social sciences and later as academic vice president of Birzeit University before becoming the first director of the Council for Higher Education in the West Bank and Gaza. While taking a leave to go to Harvard University as a visiting scholar in 1983, Hallaj was denied a visa to return to the West Bank. Among the positions he has held since then have been editor of Palestine Perspectives (1983––1991), member (and subsequent head) of the Palestinian delegation on Refugees to themultilateral peace talks following the Madrid conference (1991––1993), and executive director of the Palestine Center and the Jerusalem Fund. At the request of JPS, Dr. Hallaj shared his memories of the 1948 war and its aftermath, which he experienced as a high school student in Jaffa, and then in Qalqilya and Tulkarm.
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Beckford, M., J. F. Garofalo, and Miami-Dade County. "A HISTORY OF SOUTH FLORIDA GARDENING—A REVIEW OF MABEL WHITE DORN AND MARJORY STONEMAN DOUGLAS' THE BOOK OF TWELVE FOR SOUTH FLORIDA GARDENS." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 893d—893. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.893d.
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Published by the South FL Garden Club in 1928, when Mabel Dorn was president and Marjory Stoneman Douglas—famous for championing the protection of the Everglades—was garden editor of the Miami Herald, The Book of Twelve lists twelve tried and true flowering and shade trees, large to small shrubs, etc. for southern Florida, but also includes some plants which are now tried and true invasive species. The book was reviewed in July 2004 by the Univ. of Florida (FL)/Miami-Dade Florida Yards and Neighborhoods (FYN) Extension Agent in response to a request from a local garden club, which as a club project, had decided to re-print and distribute the book to its 100 members. Because it might encourage the use of invasive species, the review was discussed at a seminar on ecologically sustainable alternatives to invasive species. One recommended plant, Schinus terebinthefolius (Brazilian pepper) is now prohibited by the FL Dept of Environmental Protection and considered a noxious weed by the FL Dept of Agric and Consumer Services. The FL Exotic Plant Pest Council (FEPPC) considers five plants Category I invasives, i.e., exotics altering native plant communities, displacing natives, changing community structures or ecology, or hybridizing with natives. These include Lantana camara, Lonicera japonica, Abrus precatorius and Asparagus africanus. Ten plants are FEPPC Category II invasives, exotics increasing in abundance or frequency, but not yet altering plant communities as extensively as Category I species: Cestrum diurnum, Murraya paniculata, Sesbania punicea, Cryptostegia grandiflora, Jasminum sambac, Antigonon leptopus, Macfadyena unguis-cati, Asystasia gangetica, Wedelia trilobata, and Tradescantia fluminensis.
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Degeneffe, Charles Edmund, and Teresa Ann Grenawalt. "Responding to an Emerging Need in Rehabilitation Counselor Education: Development of a Cognitive Disabilities Certificate Program." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.49.1.11.
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Overview:The article describes the development of a Cognitive Disabilities Certificate Program (CDC) in a Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Program accredited Rehabilitation Counselor Education (RCE) program. Specific areas addressed includes the CDC’s administrative foundations, curriculum design, student outcomes, sustainability activities, and future directions.Methods:The CDC program was established in 2009 with a training grant from the Rehabilitation Services Administration. The CDC requires 18 units of post-baccalaureate coursework and training activities focused on cognitive disabilities.Results:From Spring 2009 through Spring 2017 semesters, 42 students attained the CDC certificate. CDC graduates currently work in settings serving persons with cognitive disabilities in the State/Federal Vocational Rehabilitation System, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, post-secondary student support offices, and community-based rehabilitation provider agencies.Conclusion:The CDC program provides RCE programs a model approach for establishing specialized training to meet emerging rehabilitation needs among persons with cognitive disabilities.
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Ali, Nada. "Through a Glass Darkly: The icc, the unsc and the Quest for Justice in International Law." International Criminal Law Review 19, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 669–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01904006.
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Despite the aspirations of the International Criminal Court (icc), it is unlikely to achieve an end to impunity for crimes of concern to the international community without acknowledgement of and due engagement with the politics of international criminal law. A major threat to the legitimacy of the Court is its relationship with the United Nations Security Council (unsc). unsc referrals of conflict situations under Article 13(b) of the Rome Statute remain subject to geo-political considerations. The exercise is thus arbitrary at best, and may render the icc an instrument of political coercion at worst. An apolitical approach to conflicts given this context is almost antithetical to justice and has already given rise to tensions between the Court and some affected member states. Managing the asymmetry created by unsc referrals and rethinking its seemingly unjustified encroachment in the affairs of less influential states should become the priority for the Court.
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Bond, Megan, and Jessica L. Tice. "USING SPATIAL ANALYSIS TO OPTIMIZE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS FOR FRAIL OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3239.
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Abstract The Florida Department of Elder Affairs (DOEA) provides programs and services for over 65,300 older people and adults with disabilities. These individuals are uniquely vulnerable and may be disrupted, displaced, and disoriented during the natural disasters common to Florida. DOEA clients are homebound or dependent upon community-based services to provide supervision or direct assistance to perform basic self-care. Often, clients are unable to complete personal care independently, which makes sheltering in place a unique challenge, yet they can only evacuate with special transportation and support arrangements in the shelter. It is critical to DOEA to accurately predict clients likely to be seriously affected by storms, plan for relocation before an event, and arrange for the provision of extended care after. DOEA responded by utilizing ArcGIS mapping software to join client residence locations to evacuation zone polygons and developed a methodology to prioritize clients with personal and functional barriers to evacuation. Proven during Hurricane Michael (2018), local emergency managers were able to use this tool to complete wellness checks on survivors before outside aid arrived. This initiative is evolving with the challenges posed by each storm season. Hurricane Dorian (2019) required the addition of latitude and longitude of client locations for when traditional street navigation became unavailable. Importing and overlaying primary data on secondary emergency management resources is a strategy that could be replicated by other organizations that have similar needs to reconcile individual locations in context of local threats, making this methodology transferrable to other disaster and flood-prone communities.
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Tice, Jessica L., and Megan Bond. "FINDING THE ELDERS WHO STAYED- CONDUCTING OUTREACH IN THE AFTERMATH OF HURRICANE MICHAEL." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3431.
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Abstract The Florida Department of Elder Affairs (DOEA) provides programs and services for over 65,300 older people and adults with disabilities. These individuals are uniquely vulnerable and may be displaced, and/or disoriented during natural disasters. DOEA clients are dependent upon community-based services to provide supervision or assistance to perform basic self-care, which often makes sheltering in place alone a danger to their health and well-being. During Hurricane Michael (2018) many older adults who previously were independent sought help for many issues including property damage, utility interruption, food and medicine scarcity, and physical or mental health problems associated with the storm and its aftermath. In normal conditions, DOEA identifies older populations via Census tracts and then conducts outreach events to inform the public how to access social services. However, after the widespread displacement post-storm, traditional outreach approaches were insufficient. A method was needed to remove areas that were rendered uninhabitable and find who remained in place. DOEA identified viable neighborhoods by overlaying property damage locations on base layers of Census tracts with concentrations of older adults and polling places with high percentage of age 60+ voter participation in the subsequent November election. Then in partnership with Feeding Florida, we provided information and registration assistance via local food distribution sites in those areas. This methodology of overlaying Division of Emergency Management property damage records and voter participation records against publicly available Census tract files is a strategy that could be replicated by other disaster and flood-prone communities or organizations that have similar needs.
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Ashiqin Binti Mahmud Zuhudi, Nurul, Salmy Edawati Binti Yaacob, and Zamzuri Bin Zakaria. "FATWA COORDINATION IN MALAYSIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 06 (June 30, 2021): 614–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13053.
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Fatwa coordination in Malaysia are non-ending issues due to certain factors whereas debated by many scholars. The issues of non-coordination or inconsistency of fatwa between the State Fatwa Committee and the Muzakarah Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs in Malaysia discussed by many reviewers as well as its impact on the community and the fatwa institution itself.Hence, this article aims to highlight past research related to the issue of fatwa coordination in Malaysia.The approach adopted is the method content analysis of past studies. The analysis of this literature uses thematic method approach in understanding selected articles based on random systems and the use of keywords in relation to fatwa coordination. Synthesis analysis carried out has resulted in six (6) themes consisting of factors of inconsistency, impact of inconsistency, importance of coordination, resolution of inconsistencies, minimization of inconsistency and the role of the Muzakarah Committee as the national fatwa institution. Thematic reviews give the advantages of the structured aspects of the discussion to the studies carried out by past surveyors.
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Hague, Cliff. "The Festivalisation of Edinburgh: Manifestations, Impacts and Responses." Scottish Affairs 30, no. 3 (August 2021): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2021.0371.
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The Festivalisation of Edinburgh: Constructing its Governance was published in Scottish Affairs 30.1. It showed how the city council, Scottish Government and the events, festivals and tourism industries worked in partnership as a growth coalition. This follow-up article describes some of the results they achieved. It focuses on Edinburgh's August and Winter Festivals, as these are the largest scale festival events. It also analyses the project that sought to re-imagine West Princes Street Gardens. It explores the meaning of ‘festivalisation’ both through its direct impacts on the use of urban space, but also in its relation to the commodification of public space and austerity urbanism. Festivalisation has normalised the flow of value from local public spaces to geographically dispersed asset owners. However, opposition emerged from some local residents and community councils, with the long-established civic amenity charity, the Cockburn Association, playing a catalytic role. The Covid pandemic disrupted this process in 2020, opening up further debates about the role of festivals and tourism in the recovery.
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Srinivasan, Nara, and Lydia Hearn. "Policing in a Multicultural Society: A Changing Society, a Changing Police Culture?" International Journal of Police Science & Management 3, no. 4 (October 2001): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146135570100300404.
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For many years Australia has been known for its all-white policy, but in recent years the government has undertaken a series of radical measures to improve ‘access' and ‘equity’ of all groups living in Australia — a process which has involved improving the ability of government bodies to understand the intricate relations which arise within a multicultural society so that they can better attend to the different values and needs of the various groups. In this paper, the authors look at an innovative, proactive programme entitled ‘Policing in a multicultural community’ set up by the Western Australian Police Service, the Department of Multicultural Affairs, the Ethnic Communities Council and Edith Cowan University, in coordination with the Northern Suburbs Migrant Resource Centre. The programme is based on the premise that ‘only through understanding people's needs, expectations and fears can compatibility between police and society be achieved’. The findings of this comprehensive evaluation showed that by fostering a sense of partnership it is possible to achieve significant impacts in terms of promoting an understanding of cultural diversity among police officers, and overcoming issues which in the past have prevented ethnic minority groups from accessing police services.
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Shuayb, Fiaz. "Bridging the Divide?" American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i1.1661.
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On January 9, 2006, in Washington, DC, the Saban Center for Middle EastPolicy at the Brookings Institution hosted the highest level meeting betweenthe Bush administration and the American Muslim community. Entitled “Bridging the Divide?” and organized by the Brookings Project on USPolicy toward the Islamic World, representatives of various Muslim organizationwere granted the opportunity to interface with C. David Welch, theAssistant Secretary of the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. The conference,a follow-up to previous initiatives on “Bridging the Divide” theme, soughtto bring together key leaders and specialists “to explore the potential spacefor the American Muslim community to assist and advance US policytowards the Islamic world and capabilities within the community that mightbe better tapped.” In attendance were representatives from the Americangovernment, officials from a variety of American Muslim organizations,American Muslim foreign policy experts, others from the Washington thinktankand policy communities, and students.In the opening speech, Welch acknowledged several unique characteristicsabout the American Muslim community: its integration into Americancivic life; being Americans as well as Muslims; and, despite post-9/11 tensions,steering a moderate course while confronting extremist Islamist tendencies.As evidence, he cited the Fiqh Council of North America’s recentfatwa against Islamic terrorism that was endorsed by major Muslim organizations.He recognized that American Muslims can play an exceptional rolein explaining the American position, given their cultural, linguistic, and ethnicties with the Islamic world, and acknowledged the history of conflictbetween the United States and the Muslim world. In addition, he condemnedthe seeming “civilizational strife” between Islam and the West as a pointless“jihad/crusade.” He stated that he was more comfortable with the relationshipof the United States with the Muslim – especially Arab – world as beingdefined by a dialog stressing the commonalities of belief in God, virtue,family life, and socioeconomic justice ...
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Barac, Karin, and Ben Marx. "Corporate governance effectiveness and value added at South African higher education institutions: A registrar’s view." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2012): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v5i2.289.
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Higher education institutions are faced with many challenges in fulfilling their core mandate of teaching, research and community engagement. To achieve this, strong, sound and visionary institutional leadership is required, which should be embedded in sound corporate governance practices. The study aims to ascertain what registrars’ views on the effectiveness and value added by current corporate governance practices of higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa are. This was done through a literature review and supported by empirical evidence obtained from questionnaires addressed to registrars of public HEIs in South Africa, as well as follow up interviews held with participants. The study found strong support for sound corporate governance practices at HEIs in South Africa, and also indicates that these institutions are complying with and adhering to this, although room for improvement exists in certain areas. The value added to and contributions to corporate governance effectiveness by student representative council members and institutional forums were also investigated, and it was found that the evolving corporate governance role of the registrar, over and above the traditional academic and student affairs responsibilities, enjoyed much support. Additional reporting responsibilities, in accordance with current corporate governance developments, were identified as areas not meeting expectations.
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Crowe, B. L., and I. G. Mcdonald. "Telemedicine in Australia. Recent developments." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 3, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633971931147.
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There have been a number of important developments in Australia in the area of telemedicine. At the national level, the House of Representatives' Standing Committee on Family and Community Affairs has been conducting the Inquiry into Health Information Management and Telemedicine. The Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council has supported the establishment of a working party convened by the South Australian Health Commission to prepare a detailed report on issues relating to telemedicine. State governments have begun a number of telemedicine projects, including major initiatives in New South Wales and Victoria and the extensive development of telepsychiatry services in Queensland. Research activities in high-speed image transmission have been undertaken by the Australian Computing and Communications Institute and Telstra, and by the Australian Navy. The matter of the funding of both capital and recurrent costs of telemedicine services has not been resolved, and issues of security and privacy of medical information are subject to discussion. The use of the Internet as a universal communications medium may provide opportunities for the expansion of telemedicine services, particularly in the area of continuing medical education. A need has been recognized for the coordinated evaluation of telemedicine services as cost-benefit considerations are seen to be very important.
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Dutta, Alo, Madan M. Kundu, Fong Chan, Ming Hung Wang, I.-Chun Huang, Kayla Fleming, and Jill Bezyak. "Assessing Vocational Rehabilitation Professionals’ Competencies in Taiwan." Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 60, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355215613964.
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Rehabilitation counselor skills, knowledge, and training are significant predictors of quality of employment outcome. In the past decade, vocational rehabilitation (VR) and placement-related work settings in Taiwan have gone through a tremendous amount of change to reflect changing policies, types of disabilities, and global factors. VR professionals’ competencies also need to be addressed to keep pace with this transformation. The purpose of this study was to validate the Taiwanese version of the Systems Approach to Placement: Self-Assessment for Students and Counselors (SAP-SASC), designed to identify critical areas of knowledge, skills, and competencies possessed by practicing VR professionals. A total of 116 participants completed the instrument. The participants represent (a) rehabilitation counseling master’s students from National Changhua University of Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, and National Taiwan Normal University and (b) job coaches, VR case managers, and other VR professionals from the Council of Labor Affairs in Taichung, Changhua, Nantou, and Taipei counties. Multi-trait scaling analysis revealed eight components of VR professionals’ competence (client, health, education, family, social, employer, placement, and funding). The respondents expressed the highest level of competence in providing job seeking and social skills training, addressing job modification needs, performing job analysis, and referring clients of community-based support services.
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Sieg, Rainer. "Privatisierung der Strafverfolgung — Königsweg oder Irrweg?" Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 43 (May 16, 2017): 483–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.43.28.
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Privatization of criminal prosecution — a royal road or a wrong track?The comprehensive use of private individuals by the company management for the systematic clearance of suspected economic crimes has been for decades a tried and tested fact-finding method in the US legal system. In Germany this form of corporate private investigations took not place or was unknown to the public prosecution. This changed dramatically with the discovery of spectacular corruption affairs with international relation in 2007. “Internal Investigations” have developed since then to a lucrative commercial model particularly for American solicitor’s offices, because only these are accepted by the American authorities America only.However, the adherence to examination standards of a state under the rule of law must be also protected in the job. The judiciary must win back the inquiry sovereignty in the fight against economic crime.The fight against international economic crime can no longer be left to a single country alone. The fight against anti-competitive corruption should be a priority for the entire community. As an adequate means supplements to the Convention on the Fight against Corruption of the Council of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD on the Laws of Transnational Criminal Prosecution of Economic Offenses come into consideration.
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Fogg, Christiana N. "ISMB 2016 offers outstanding science, networking, and celebration." F1000Research 5 (June 14, 2016): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8640.1.
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The annual international conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) is the major meeting of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB). Over the past 23 years the ISMB conference has grown to become the world's largest bioinformatics/computational biology conference. ISMB 2016 will be the year's most important computational biology event globally. The conferences provide a multidisciplinary forum for disseminating the latest developments in bioinformatics/computational biology. ISMB brings together scientists from computer science, molecular biology, mathematics, statistics and related fields. Its principal focus is on the development and application of advanced computational methods for biological problems. ISMB 2016 offers the strongest scientific program and the broadest scope of any international bioinformatics/computational biology conference. Building on past successes, the conference is designed to cater to variety of disciplines within the bioinformatics/computational biology community. ISMB 2016 takes place July 8 - 12 at the Swan and Dolphin Hotel in Orlando, Florida, United States. For two days preceding the conference, additional opportunities including Satellite Meetings, Student Council Symposium, and a selection of Special Interest Group Meetings and Applied Knowledge Exchange Sessions (AKES) are all offered to enable registered participants to learn more on the latest methods and tools within specialty research areas.
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Chidakwa, Patience, Clifford Mabhena, Blessing Mucherera, Joyline Chikuni, and Chipo Mudavanhu. "Women’s Vulnerability to Climate Change: Gender-skewed Implications on Agro-based Livelihoods in Rural Zvishavane, Zimbabwe." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 27, no. 2 (June 2020): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521520910969.
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Climate change presents a considerable threat to human security, with notable gender disproportions. Women’s vulnerability to climate change has implications on agro-based livelihoods, especially the rural populace. The primary purpose of this study was to assess women’s vulnerability to climate change and the gender-skewed implications on agro-based livelihoods in rural Zvishavane, Zimbabwe. A qualitative approach that used purposive sampling techniques was adopted. Data was collected through 20 in-depth interviews with 11 de jure and 9 de facto small-scale female-headed farmer households. Two focus group discussions with mixed de facto and de jure small-scale female-headed farmer households were also conducted. Five key informant interviews were held with departmental heads of the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Gender and Community Development; the Agriculture Technical Extension Service Department; the Livestock Production Department; the Runde Rural District Council and the Meteorological Services Department. Gendered effects were noted in terms of increased roles and responsibilities for women. Observations showed that there was an increase in distances travelled by women to fetch water owing to a depleted water table. Climate-induced migration of men due to depleted livelihoods in rural areas has also increased roles and responsibilities for women. The traditional male responsibilities assumed by women included cattle herding and ox-driven ploughing. This study concluded that adaptation strategies towards vulnerability to climate change have to be gender-sensitive and area-specific. This study also recommended that response programmes and policies meant to curb existing gendered vulnerabilities should be informed by evidence because climate-change effects are unique for different geographical areas. Moreover, adaptation activities should be mainstreamed in community processes so as to reduce the burden on women and increase sustainability opportunities.
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Yingzi, Hu. "An Interview on Innovations in Social Governance: The Wuxi Experiment." China Nonprofit Review 4, no. 2 (2012): 193–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341245.
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Editor’s Notes Professor Wang Ming, Director of the NGO Research Center of the School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University led a team to conduct field research in Wuxi County, Chongqing City, in early August, 2011. The team discovered several innovations implemented in the local social governance. First, there is the “Lehe Homeland”, a community building model that stimulates the initiative of grassroots citizens and enthusiasm for participation in local affairs by setting up the Lehe Mutual Support Group as a platform for mutual communication and support between urban and rural populations. Second, there is the “general mass work” mechanism. A Mass Work Department (群工部) was set up by the county party committee as a liaison between the party committee and government organizations with horizontal coordination and supervision functions to engage in social governance from the mass work. Third, a “grid-style management” scheme was implemented. This refers to a comprehensive, service-oriented grid-style administrative system that meets both rural and urban demands on public services, and serves the purpose of building a service-oriented government. Fourth, different participants including the village governing committee, village party committee, Lehe Mutual Support Group, departments included in the grid-style system, NGOs, the Mass Work Department, etc., were brought together under a “joint council” system to hold meetings on a regular basis for the purpose of communication and cooperation. These new features in Wuxi’s social governance experiment intrigued Professor Wang Ming so much that he invited Zheng Xiangdong (郑向东), Party Secretary of Wuxi County, and Liao Xiaoyi (廖晓义), founder of Global Village of Beijing to Tsinghua University in mid-November for a public dialogue on the practice of and experiences with Wuxi’s innovative social governance experiments, using the example of community building at Lehe Homeland. The following is the edited transcript of the dialogue.
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Walsh, Caitlyn, and Jessica Tice. "Service-Specific Surveying to Support Person-Centered HCBS for Older Adults and Their Caregivers." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.247.
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Abstract The Florida Department of Elder Affairs (DOEA) annually surveys clients receiving state funded home and community-based services (HCBS) to measure their satisfaction with services. Historically, the same survey instrument was used each year, to afford question-level comparisons across time. However, in 2015 internal contradictions were identified between individual-level satisfaction ratings and qualitative statements made by the respondents later in the survey. The high rates of satisfaction typical in survey responses were also contradicted by findings from a comprehensive program evaluation which revealed high percentages of clients who terminated their services and many caregivers reporting strain and varying types of personal crisis. To address these issues, the annual Client Satisfaction Survey and methodology was redesigned to be more specific regarding details about the delivery of direct services, and the sampling methodology was revised to constrain to the recipients of discreet service types. The results from these new service-level surveys will be presented for each of three direct services: case management, personal care, and homemaker. Findings revealed differences across regions in the state, and highlighted the frustration experienced by HCBS clients with high worker turnover and low training for special conditions, such as Alzheimer’s or related dementia. Complaints and suggestions collected from clients and caregivers were shared with program managers for consideration in changes to policies, training, and other areas of service improvement toward becoming more person-centered. Overall, this service-oriented approach to surveying has yielded more actionable results and has been adopted by DOEA as the preferred method for all client-level surveying.
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Munif, Ali. "MANAJEMEN MUTU SANTRI PADA PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN KESETARAAN DI MA’HAD AL-FARUQ KARANGLEWAS KABUPATEN BANYUMAS." Jurnal Penelitian Agama 20, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 176–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/jpa.v20i2.2019.pp176-202.
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This research examines how Ma'had al-Faruq Karanglewas responses to the implementation of learning compulsory of basic program of the Ministry of Religious affairs and strategy in the enchancement of the quality of equality education programs in Ma'had al-Faruq Karanglewas, the target/goal is the quality enchance of the students. This research uses qualitative approach, with technique of collecting data of observation, interview and documentation. Furthermore, to analyze data that have been collected since the beginning of research until the end of research, using data reduction technique, data presentation, verification and conclusion. The results of research shows the strategy of quality enchancement of equality education in Ma'had al-Faruq Karanglewas Banyumas can be done by: first, focus on customer satisfaction by improving the success of students learning, giving credibility to the students parents about the success of students learning, and giving prosperity to the teachers. Second, it involve totality all the stakeholders starting from the caregivers, administrators, the council of david, the students, the community, the guardians of students and the government to apply the quality of culture. Third, making the measurement of the quality of alumnus by targeting the students can mastery the tools science , namely nahwu and shorof and can apply the yellow book, and do good deed. Fourth, build commitment, by the commitment to realize the boarding school’s goals. Fifth, doing continuous improvement starting from the input or planning, processing, until output in education in boarding school.
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Cherkasov, P. "IMEMO in early 1990s (continued)." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2015): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-9-105-117.
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The article describes the debate on foreign policy of the post-Soviet Russia, which took place at the Academic Council of IMEMO in 1992–1994. What are the national interests of the Russian young democracy? What should be Russian foreign policy in the new geopolitical situation, after the collapse of the USSR? To what extent the transformation of socio-political system in Russia changed the nature of its foreign policy? What should be its principles and priorities after the end of the Cold War? All these and other questions were in the focus of IMEMO experts immediately after the collapse of the communist regime in 1991. From the outset, the discussions were marked by different approaches to the issues. Some experts put forward as a priority the relations with the U.S. and the West in general, some put Europe in the first place, and others  - the Commonwealth of Independent States, which brought together some of the former Soviet republics. But all IMEMO experts in general agreed on the negative evaluation of the new Russian foreign policy quality: the default of a senior management for clear understanding of strategic and tactical foreign policy goals, low professional level of those who were called to form and implement foreign policy, the absence of a single center for decision-making, the lack of coordination between various authorities involved in the development of a foreign policy strategy  - Presidential Administration, Security Council, the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defense, Parliament, etc. As mentioned in the discussions, the initial stage of idealistic notions and expectations of the West prevalent in Russian society and in the new ruling elite circles after the fall of the Soviet regime was soon replaced by disappointment and even irritation towards the West. Both of these trends were equally dangerous to the interests of the Russian foreign policy, which was in great need of a pragmatic, professional understanding of realities. This policy had to achieve two main objectives  - full integration of Russia into the world community of developed democracies, and protection of its own national interests within this community. One should have been inextricably linked with the other. Academic understanding of national interests in the field of foreign, defense and economic policies, the development of specific proposals and recommendations on these issues for the state leadership has become one of priorities for IMEMO analysts. Acknowledgements. The publication was prepared as part of the President of Russian Federation grant to support the leading scientific schools NSh-6452.2014.6.
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Fauzi, Niki Alma Febriana, and Ayub Ayub. "Fikih Informasi : Muhammadiyah’s Perspective on Guidance in Using Social Media." Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 9, no. 2 (December 25, 2019): 267–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v9i2.267-294.
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This paper examines a recent product of Muhammadiyah’s collective ijtihad, namely Fikih Informasi (fiqh of information). Fikih Informasi is one of the outcomes of the 30th National Meeting of Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid (Muhammadiyah’s Council of Religious Affairs). Fikih Informasi represents Muhammadiyah’s attempt to provide guidance for its members and the Muslim community at large, on a usage of social media whch is based on Islamic teachings. The term fikih is an Indonesian word adapted from Arabic word fiqh and Majelis Tarjih’s understanding of the term does not entirely resemble the classical concept of fiqh as understood by majority of Muslim jurists. For this reason, in the first instance this article will explore Majelis Tarjih’s conception of the word fikih then will proceed to examine its application in the context of social media usage. During this process, the paper will argue that Majelis Tarjih employs the term fikih in its literal and Qur’anic meaning rather than using it in its technical sense. As a result, instead of merely referring fikih as the body of legal provisions which it represents, Majelis Tarjih presents fikih as a comprehensive guidance tool, consisting of three level of hierarchically structured norms. As a consquence, Fikih Informasi is not only contains “dos and donts” but also the philosophical principles and sets of values to which users of social media should adhere. In these contexts, this paper critically discusses the limitations of Fikih Informasi, both in its framework and as well as in its content.
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Benzehaf, Bouchaib. "A study of the impact of citizenship education in Morocco." Citizenship Teaching & Learning 15, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00039_1.
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Global changes taking place in today’s world have brought about an unprecedented crisis in citizenship values. For instance, violence, conflict and radicalization have become rampant in our society. Such crisis has brought to the limelight the role of education in sensitizing students about their rights and duties in order to promote peace, tolerance and mutual respect. In Morocco, educational reforms have given much importance to citizenship education in the belief that it can help raise students’ awareness about their rights and duties, anchor them to their communities, and provide them with the knowledge and skills necessary for active participation in society. The National Charter for Education and Training and the Higher Council for Education, Training and Scientific Research have created a roadmap for citizenship education. This study aims to investigate the impact of such attempts to train good citizens. The participants are 73 semester-two students of the department of English from the faculty of humanities, Chouaib Doukkali University. The main data collection tool is questionnaires. The data obtained are fed into SPSS to generate frequencies besides identifying main themes obtained from answers to open-ended questions. Findings show that the impact of such educational reforms is rather limited. While the majority of students expressed their feeling of belonging to their community as well as an accepted level of awareness of their rights and duties, they failed to act on the self-reported qualities of a good citizen. Such low level of engagement in their community affairs betrays weak links between students and their communities. In light of these findings, several recommendations are made to improve citizenship education and reduce the gap between the goals of national educational reforms and their actual implementation in schools. One such recommendation is that textbooks need to emphasize critical thinking and analysis so that students are empowered to become critical thinking global citizens and agents of change.
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Chen, C. C., and C. C. Fu. "Globalization and Localization of Heritage Preservation in Taiwan – an Analysis Perspective under the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W7 (August 11, 2015): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w7-65-2015.
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The key contribution to the legislation of heritage preservation in Taiwan primarily derived from the historical monument movements in the 1970s. Specific legislation results include the establishment of Council for Cultural Affairs and the implementation of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act in 1982. Although the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act is the first subjective cultural act, its lack of structure during the initial commencement stages made it un-conducive to heritage preservation and thus unable to meet the people’s expectations. Therefore, throughout the 33 years after the implementation of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act, the Act has been amended 6 times. These amendments reflect the degree of importance that the society has attached to heritage preservation, and the innovative system also showcases the progress in preservation concepts and methods. These innovative orientations, such as emphasizing on the authenticity and integrity of heritage preservation, intangible cultural heritage, and cultural diversity, conform to the international preservation trends. They are also local trends such as encouraging community participation, adaptive-reuse, or enhancing the local governments’ powers to implement local cultural governance. This is particularly true for the fifth comprehensive revision in 2005, which has symbolic significance because its contents epitomized the heritage preservation work while moving Taiwan’s heritage preservation system towards globalization and localization. Therefore, we analyzed the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act amendment and revision processes over the past 33 years to highlight the innovations in Taiwan’s cultural heritage work and illustrate their globalization and localization features. Finally, we proposed recommendations for Taiwan’s preservation work in the future as the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act is about to undergo its seventh amendment in 2015.
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Gordon, Lucio, Melody Chang, Marie-Hélène Lafeuille, Hela Romdhani, Faud Paramasivam, Xinmei Zhu, Sriya Gunawardena, and Eric M. Maiese. "Real-World Utilization and Safety of Daratumumab Rapid Infusion Administered in a Community Setting: A Retrospective Observational Study." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 5575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-128515.
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Introduction: Daratumumab (dara), a CD38-directed monoclonal antibody, was first FDA approved as monotherapy in 2015 for the treatment of patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and has subsequently received approval for combination therapy for RRMM and newly diagnosed transplant ineligible MM1. In clinical trials, median durations of 16 mg/kg infusions for the 1st, 2nd, and subsequent infusions were ~7, 4, and 3 hours, respectively. In 2019, FDA approved split-dosing of the first 16 mg/kg dose and some institutions, including Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute (FCS), have also implemented a dara rapid infusion [RI] protocol in which patients can receive dara RI (≤90 minutes infusion duration) after having received ≥2 prior dara doses without any infusion reactions (IRs) and with pre-medications as per institutional guidelines. The objective of this study was to better understand the utilization and IRs observed among patients who received dara RI in routine care. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort design was employed using electronic medical records (EMR) from FCS. The FCS network consists of nearly 100 cancer centers in Florida including ≥200 physicians. Adult patients with MM (ICD-9-CM: 203.xx; ICD-10-CM: C90.xx) who received ≥1 completed dara RI as part of the first dara regimen (index date) received in routine clinical care (i.e. not participation in a clinical trial) between 11/16/2015 and 03/15/2019 (study period) were included. Infusions were considered rapid if they were 1) administered ≥5 days apart (to exclude split-doses), 2) received ≥90% of ordered dose, and 3) had a duration of ≤110 minutes (to allow for variability in recording time in the EMR). RIs were identified from structured fields of FCS EMR, however, to obtain information on IRs, data were abstracted from unstructured fields. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics at index date were described. This analysis includes interim safety results from a sample of RI patients whose data were abstracted in time for analysis. Abstraction is ongoing for the full RI cohort. IRs were defined as a) an event that occurred within 24 hours of the start of a dara infusion and was reported in the medical chart as directly attributed to the infusion, but was not explicitly stated as an IR, or b) was explicitly stated in the medical chart as an IR to a dara infusion. The frequency and types of IRs were described. Results: A total of 541 patients received a dara regimen during the study period, among whom 168 (31.1%) received RI in their first dara regimen and were included in this analysis, Table 1. Mean age (standard deviation [SD]) at index date was 71.8 (8.9) years and 75 (44.6%) were female; mean time (SD) from initial MM diagnosis to index date was 3.4 (4.2) years. ECOG was 0 or 1-2 for the majority of patients (28.0% and 64.3%, respectively). Utilization of RI increased over time with few RIs occurring prior to 2017 (10.1%). Most RIs were administered for the 3rd or later infusion (89.3%). On average, the first RI occurred around the 12th infusion with an average (SD) duration of 92.8 (8.8) minutes. The most common regimens were dara monotherapy (34.5%), followed by dara + pomalidomide (31.0%), and dara + lenalidomide (14.3%). In the safety analysis (n=142 patients with abstracted information available at the time of this analysis), 35.9% (n=51/142) experienced at least one IR at any time during dara treatment, including RI and non-RI administrations. The most common IRs (i.e. IRs that occurred in at least 10% of patients) experienced by patients at any time during dara treatment included nausea (11.3%) and chills (10.6%). Among RI administrations, 3 patients (2.1%) experienced at least one IR and all occurred on the first administration of dara where data indicate that dara RI may have been administered. No IR was observed among patients receiving RI for the 3rd administration or later. Conclusion: This retrospective study provides real-world evidence on the utilization and safety of dara RI at community-based oncology clinics. In this study, the frequency of IRs among RI administrations was low with no IRs reported when RI was initiated for the 3rd dara administration or later, which suggests that RI is well tolerated. Disclosures Lafeuille: Analysis Group: Employment, Other: Janssen contracted with Analysis group . Romdhani:Analysis Group: Employment, Other: Janssen contracted with Analysis group . Paramasivam:Analysis Group: Employment, Other: Janssen contracted with Analysis group . Zhu:Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Other: contractor for Janssen. Gunawardena:Janssen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Maiese:Janssen: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Pavel, A. K. "СтрастипоадмиралуФ.Ф.Ушакову." Istoricheskii vestnik, no. 24(2018) part: 24/2018 (September 29, 2019): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.35549/hr.2019.2018.36655.
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Evidence of integrity in the scientific community is maintained, is that nonprofessional study of V. D. Ovchinnikova was twice rejected. With perseverance worthy of the best application, the author of the dissertation twice tried to get the desired doctoral degree, but failed to do so. However, his research was twice accepted for defense by the dissertation Council, which is suggestive. Academician E. P. Chelyshev, considering the state of Affairs in the named Institute, wrote the following (2017):...scientific thought once (19662002), the famous Institute was trivial, and the prospects are alarming. Our society is in dire need of evidencebased, wellwritten historical works that reveal the content and meaning of the events of the instructive past of our great country. Impeccable reasoning, careful analysis of documents and materials need not give any kind of distorters, WorkItem falsifiers even the slightest of opportunities to pollute the heads of our fellow citizens6 . Krotov Pavel doctor of historical Sciences, associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Russian history from ancient times to the XX century.Свидетельством того, что принципиальность в научной среде сохраняется, служит то, что непрофессиональное исследование В.Д. Овчинникова было дважды отклонено. С достойным лучшего применения упорством автор диссертации дважды пытался заполучить искомую докторскую степень, но не сумел сделать этого. Однако его исследование было дважды принято к защите диссертационным советом, что наводит на размышления. Академик РАН Е.П. Челышев, рассматривая положение дел в названном институте, написал следующее (2017): ...научная мысль когдато (1966 2002) знаменитого института обмельчала, а перспективы его тревожны. Наше общество остро нуждается в доказательных, написанных хорошим языком исторических произведениях, раскрывающих содержание и смысл событий поучительнейшего прошлого нашей великой родины. Безупречной аргументацией, тщательным анализом документов и материалов надо не давать всякого рода исказителям, вопрекистам, фальсификаторам даже малейших возможностей засорять головы нашим согражданам 6 . Кротов Павел Александрович доктор исторических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры истории России с древнейших времен до XX в. Института истории СПбГУ
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Denysenko, V. I. "EUROPEAN VECTOR IN UKRAINIAN FOREIGN POLICY (2010)." Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land), no. 57 (2020): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2020.57.6.
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The research focuses on the relationship between Ukraine and European Union during the first year of Victor Yanukovych presidency. It highlights the attempts of the new Ukrainian government to establish the dialogue with the leaders of EU, including Josй Manuel, President of the European Commission Barroso, Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council, Jerzy Buzek, President of the European Parliament, and Catherine Ashton, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, First Vice President of the European Commission. This was the motive put behind the first international visit of Victor Yanukovych to Brussels, March 1st, 2010. The author proves the idea of keen interest of Ukrainian top authorities to aspire visa-free travel regime with EU, that was supposed to later score more electoral points during the upcoming elections. Still, the terms of Ukraine-EU Association Agreement seemed for the representatives of the Party of Regions too difficult to implement, and, therefore, in their opinion, had limited perspectives. However, in public domain, both President Victor Yanukovych and his political teammates kept consistently demonstrating their commitment to European integration ideas. The Cabinet of Mykola Azarov, basing on the list of eighteen EU reforms, devised their own plan of integration into European legal, economic and information framework. According to this plan, from October 15th, 2010 the administration was to complete the provisions for signing association and the visa liberalization agreements. Ukraine was represented in EU by experienced diplomat Kostiantyn Ieliseyev. The research points out the existing controversies between Ukrainian and European parties in the question of establishing an extensive and far-reaching free trade area. It draws special attention to the progress made in the area of Ukraine-Europe cooperation in the sphere of power industry, endorsement of the law “Fundamentals for Natural Gas Market Development” and Ukraine becoming a member of Energy Community.
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Nguyen, Quoc Tan Trung. "Rethinking the Legality of Intervention by Invitation: Toward Neutrality." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 24, no. 2 (2019): 201–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krz004.
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Abstract The article re-examines one of the most established and classical doctrines in international law, with a massive body of literature—intervention by invitation. The doctrine is straightforward and intuitive, and therefore compelling. Since the use of force or intervention in the domestic affairs of a state is prohibited, the consent of the ‘state’ itself could, naturally, eliminate the wrongfulness of the act. There is contention that the ‘government-preference’ principle of intervention by invitation affords a ‘clear alternative’ to external intervention authorized by the Security Council (‘UNSC’)[ Wippman (1996, Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 7, 209)]. Others, however, stressing the momentous nature of current events, believe that ‘democratic legitimacy’ is fundamental. The present author finds both approaches inadequate. In many cases, the complexity of intervention by invitation in both cases is, inevitably, reduced to the issue of recognition: ‘Who can speak for a state?’[We can see such tendency in many works on the topic such as: 2016, Byrne, Journal on the Use of Force and International Law, 3, 97, 100; Wippman (1996, Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 7, 217–22; Oppenheim and Lauterpacht, International Law, 7th edition (Longmans Green 1952), 249; or Fox, ‘Intervention by Invitation’ in Weller M (ed), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford University Press 2015), 831–35.]. The latter is a highly political question. The law, then, is left undetermined, and actions are explained by the government’s political preferences and its rhetorical appeal to so-called international community values [Falk (ed), The International Law of Civil War (The John Hopkins Press 1971), 28]. Inspired by general neutrality approach, the author will evoke available theoretical principles and state practices to form a theory of the Equality of internal actors, (hereinafter ‘Equality theory’), in the hope of proving the relevance, reliability, consistency and overall superiority of this theory in dealing with the legality of intervention by invitation.
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Gratsianskiy, Mikhail V. "“Mercy of the prince has confirmed Boniface as bishop of the city of Rome”: Emperor Honorius and the Legitimacy Crisis in the Church of Rome in 419." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 23, no. 2 (2021): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2021.23.2.022.
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This article examines the circumstances behind Boniface I’s ascension (418–422) to the See of Rome which was accompanied by rivalry between two candidates. Since his rival Eulalius had been initially approved as a legitimate bishop by Emperor Honorius (395–423), Boniface had to go through a complicated procedure of legitimation, whose decisive factor was the position of the emperor. The article examines the role of institutional factors in the legitimisation of church authority, in this case in relation to the See of Rome. By institutional factors the author means, first of all, state power represented by its regional and central authorities and the community of bishops united by the principle of conciliar functioning. The article examines the approaches of the imperial power to resolving the crisis of legitimacy of the Roman bishop. Based on the presentation of source data, it is demonstrated that Emperor Honorius intended to resolve the crisis through a deliberation by a council that was to include representatives of both prefectures of the Western Roman Empire. Despite his initial intention, the emperor was forced to resolve the crisis on his own and Boniface was confirmed as bishop of Rome by his personal decision. The author of the article draws a conclusion that the decisive role in the sphere of church administration belonged to the emperor and that the Roman bishop did not have an exceptional position among the bishops of the Western Roman Empire: the affairs of the See of Rome could be transferred by order of the emperor to the court of Western bishops, and the right of the final decision belonged to the emperor himself. Thus, the latter used the conciliar principle of administrating the church as a possible instrument for resolving internal church conflicts, but he also reserved the right of taking his own independent decisions in the ecclesial sphere, and the See of Rome was not an exception.
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Iakovlev, Egor Aleksandrovich. "Russian toolkit for settling international conflicts and peculiarities of its application." Международные отношения, no. 3 (March 2021): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2021.3.36336.
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As the successor state of the former superpower USSR, the Russian Federation retains its high status of the “guarantor of peace” for the entire international community due to a range of political, military and economic means, currently being on of the few “police states”. The role of police states is important to such extent that no major conflict can be settled without their participation or approval. Such status of Russia is being maintained by its military power, as well as a number of political privileges. Alongside any police state, Russia has developed its own strategy for interfering or settling the international military conflicts using the existing toolkit. This defines the relevance of analysis of the current state of the Russian range of means and tools for suppression and settlement of the conflicts. The goal of this research consists in examination of the the means available to the Russian Federation for settling military conflicts, as well as in the analysis of the state and prospects of their use in peacekeeping campaigns of the Russian Federation. It is worth noting that the Russian Federation as the successor state of the Soviet Union, and one of the members of the nuclear club and permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, retains and extends the range of tools for handling and settling military conflicts, from the preventive tools of cultural-diplomatic influence such as Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation (commonly known as Rossotrudnichestvo) to high-tech military weapons, which have no analogues among the overwhelming majority of participants of international relations. The presence of such rich arsenal testifies to strong peacekeeping potential of the Russian Federation; however, the currently observed inclination towards the priority of coercive tools can severely undermine the ability of the Russian Federation to settle international military conflicts.
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Adibroto, Tusy Agustin. "Implementasi Konsep SIDa dalam Upaya Revitalisasi Kawasan Pariwisata Kebon Sirih, Jakarta." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 19, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2841.
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ABSTRACTJakarta urban management challenge is increasingly complex due to high population, changing of socio-economic condition, carrying capacity limitation and need to take notice to new paradigm related to mainstreaming of S&T and innovation through Co-regulation of Ministry of Research and Technology and Internal Affairs on Strengthening Regional Innovation System (SIDa). SIDa concept development in Jakarta follows factual condition of R&D institutions absence within Provincial Government Structure due to assumption that various components of SIDa such as best human resources, universities and research activities are already in Jakarta. So, Regional Research Council of Jakarta decided that SIDa strengthening will focus on 2 main issues: a) Interaction which led to collaboration among stakeholders (Academician - Business - Government and Public Society), and b) Learning. The aims is to implement results of studies in selected area of Kebon Sirih that has long been known as homestay location of backpackers which is currently in declining condition. Study conducted using Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method that focuses on finding local potential both non-physical and physical. The result is proposed Revitalization of Kebon Sirih Tourism Area by developing 2 main potentials: 1) Culinary Center, 2) People’s Cultural Center, supported by 3) Environmental Arrangement. Revitalization expected to be carried out by local communities in cooperation with other stakeholders, namely Lurah as Urban Manager, local businesses as CSR funder, academician as implementer of S&T and innovation, to create independent and competitive urban community that produces resilient and smart communities and the occurrence collaboration among stakeholders.Keywords: SIDa concept, Jakarta Resilience, Jakarta Smart City, ABCD methodABSTRAK Tantangan pengelolaan perkotaan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta kian kompleks disebabkan tingginya jumlah penduduk, kondisi sosial-ekonomi yang terus berubah, keterbatasan daya dukung ekosistem serta perlunya memperhatikan paradigma baru terkait pengarusutamaan iptek dan inovasi melalui Perber Menristek dan Mendagri (no.3/2012 dan no.36/2012) tentang Penguatan Sistem Inovasi Daerah (SIDa). Pengembangan konsep SIDa di DKI mengikuti kondisi faktual yaitu tidak adanya kelembagaan Litbang di Pemprov DKI Jakarta dikarenakan anggapan bahwa berbagai komponen SIDa terbaik seperti sumber daya manusia, perguruan tinggi dan berbagai kegiatan riset sudah ada di DKI Jakarta. Untuk itu Dewan Riset Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta memutuskan Penguatan SIDa di Jakarta akan berfokus pada 2 isu utama yaitu a) Interaksi yang berujung kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan (Akademisi-Dunia Usaha-Pemerintah Daerah dan Masyarakat Umum), serta b) Pembelajaran. Bertujuan mengimplementasikan hasil kajian pada kawasan terpilih yaitu kelurahan Kebon Sirih yang telah lama dikenal sebagai lokasi homestay turis backpackers dari mancanegara yang saat ini menurun kondisinya. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan metoda Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) yang berfokus mencari potensi baik non-fisik (SDM) maupun fisik. Hasilnya adalah usulan Revitalisasi Kawasan Wisata Kebon Sirih dengan mengembangkan 2 potensi utama: 1) Pengembangan Pusat Kuliner, 2) Pengembangan Pagelaran Budaya Rakyat, yang didukung 3) Penataan Lingkungan. Revitalisasi akan dilaksanakan masyarakat lokal bekerjasama dengan stakeholder lainnya yaitu Lurah selaku Urban Manager, dunia usaha selaku penyandang dana, akademisi dalam rangka penerapan hasil iptek, agar tercipta masyarakat perkotaan yang mandiri dan berdaya-saing yang menghasilkan masyarakat berketahanan dan smart karena menggunakan hasil iptek serta terjadinya kolaborasi antar stakeholder terkait.Kata kunci: konsep SIDa, Jakarta Berketahanan, Jakarta Smart City, metoda ABCD
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Shimizu, Toshio. "Health claims on functional foods: the Japanese regulations and an international comparison." Nutrition Research Reviews 16, no. 2 (December 2003): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr200363.
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The Japanese scientific academic community defined ‘functional food’ early in the 1980s. That is, functional foods are those that have three functions. The primary function is nutrition. The secondary function is a sensory function or sensory satisfaction. The third is the tertiary function, which is physiological. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) set up ‘Foods for Specified Health Use’ (FOSHU) in 1991 as a regulatory system to approve the statements made on food labels concerning the effect of the food on the human body. Food products applying for approval by FOSHU are scientifically evaluated in terms of their effectiveness and safety by the Council of Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Hygiene under the MHLW. The regulatory range of FOSHU was broadened in 2001 to accept the forms of capsules and tablets in addition to those of conventional foods. FOSHU increased the total to about 330 items in January 2003. The MHLW enacted a new regulatory system, ‘Foods with Health Claims’, in April 2001, which consists of the existing FOSHU system and the newly established ‘Foods with Nutrient Function Claims’ (FNFC). Under the FNFC, twelve vitamins (vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, E, D, biotin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and niacin) and two minerals (Ca and Fe) are standardized. Examples of claims regarding these substances are as follows: ‘Calcium is a nutrient which is necessary to form bones and teeth’; ‘Vitamin D is a nutrient which promotes calcium absorption in the gut intestine and aids in the formation of bones.’ The upper and lower levels of the daily consumption of these nutrients are also determined. The labelling of functional foods should always be based on scientific evidence and be in harmony with international standards. The nutrient–function claim was adopted in the guidelines for nutrition claims by the Codex Alimentarius in 1997. The claims of the Japanese FNFC are equivalent to the nutrient function claims standardized by the Codex Alimentarius. The enhanced function claim and the disease risk-reduction claims were proposed by both the Codex Alimentarius and an Economic Union project in 1999. The structure function claim, which is similar to the enhanced function claim, was enacted by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act in the USA in 1994. Most of the statements of the Japanese FOSHU system are close to the category of structure/function claims in the USA or the enhanced function claims of the Codex Alimentarius.
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Mitrovic, Katarina. "Detestabile scelus Perastinorum - the psychological and social background of the murder of Pompejus de Pasqualibus, the abbot of the St George Abbey near Perast." Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor, no. 81 (2015): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pkjif1581019m.
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The St George Abbey was founded on an island near Perast by the Benedictine Monastic Order by the beginning of the 11th century. From the mid-13th century, the community of Kotor had the right of patronage over the abbey, which allowed the patriciate of Kotor to elect abbots as well as have a say in numerous monastery affairs, including propriety rights. Therefore, on November the 2nd 1530, Minor Council of Kotor named Pompejus de Pasqualibus, a nobleman from Kotor, the abbot of the St George Abbey. After the official consent from Rome and Venice, father Pompejus took over the abbey. Soon after, a gruesome crime took place on the island, a crime unseen in the history of the Kotor church. On the Feast of the Invention of the Holy Cross, May 3rd 1535, a group of Perast locals, armed with sticks and daggers, broke into the abbey and killed abbot Pasqualibus at the altar as he was saying Pater Noster. Nikola Krosic, the chaplain of the St George Abbey, and a few others tried to stop the murderers, but to no avail. The killers went on to humiliate the body of the deceased by throwing it out of the church and dumping it into a nearby pit, which added to the resentment, especially among the patriciates of Kotor. Three days later, on the Feast of the Ascension, the bishop of Kotor, Luka Bizanti, publicly excommunicated the killers and their men in the cathedral, while Pope Paul III forbade all service at the church where the crime had been committed. The interdict wasn?t recalled until 1546. In the decree of excommunication, Bishop Luka Bizanti emphasized the fact that father Pompejus hadn?t said or done anything to provoke the killers. What are the reasons of such an outpour of mass anger among dozens of Perast locals? Around that time, for several decades, Perast, a village founded on St George?s fief, started to improve its economy as a result of the expansion of ship-building and trading. More and more inhabitants of Perast started to sail and take part in the trade, especially on the rye and salt market. They had the support of the Venetian authorities, which caused envy among the inhabitants of Kotor, who considered Perast a part of their district. The tendency to achieve a full emancipation from the community of Kotor included church interests as well. After a gradual weakening of church life on the island, the St George church took on the role of a parish church under the patronage of Kotor. Perast locals were evidently dissatisfied with the idea of their parish priest being a noble Pasqualibus of Kotor, whose descent and position were representative of everything they despised and fought against. The motive of the murder was a trivial one - father Pompejus refused to hold service at the St Church on the Feast of the Holy Cross, which deeply insulted the people of Perast. The exceedingly long process of turning the Benedictine abbey into a parish church and a sepulchral chapel of Perast reached its peak on November the 17th1634 with the edict of the Venetian Senate taking the right of patronage away from the community of Kotor. From then on, ius patronatus belonged to the Venetian Senate, while the choice of the abbot, the parish priest of Perast in fact, was left to the locals.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 75, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2001): 123–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002561.
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-Virginia R. Dominguez, Louis A. Pérez, Jr., On becoming Cuban: Identity, nationality, and culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. xiv + 579 pp.-Solimar Otero, Kali Argyriadis, La religión à la Havane: Actualités des représentations et des pratiques culturelles havanaises. Paris: Éditions des Archives Contemporaines,1999. 373 pp.-Jane Desmond, Jane Blocker, Where is Ana Mendieta?: Identity, performativity, and exile. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1999. xvi + 166 pp.-Richard Handler, Amílcar A. Barreto, Language, elites, and the state: Nationalism in Puerto Rico and Quebec. Westport CT: Praeger, 1998. x + 165 pp.-Juan Flores, Lillian Guerra, Popular expression and national identity in Puerto Rico: The struggle for self, community, and nation. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1998. xi + 332 pp.-Eileen J. Findlay, Rafael L. Ramírez, What it means to be a man: Reflections on Puerto Rican masculinity. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999. xv + 139 pp.-Arlene Torres, Eileen J. Suárez Findlay, Imposing decency: The politics of sexuality and race in Puerto Rico, 1870-1920. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1999. xii + 316 pp.-Rita Giacalone, Humberto García Muñiz ,Fronteras en conflicto: Guerra contra las drogas, militarización y democracia en el Caribe, Puerto Rico y Vieques. San Juan: Red Caribeña de Geopolítica, Seguridad Regional y Relaciones Internacionales, afiliada al Proyecto AT-LANTEA, 1999. 211 pp., Jorge Rodríguez Beruff (eds)-Bonham C. Richardson, q , Polly Pattullo, Fire from the mountain: The tragedy of Monserrat and the betrayal of its people. London: Constable, 2000. xvii + 217 pp.-Aisha Khan, Gillon Aitken, Between father and son: Family letters. V.S. Naipaul. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. xi + 297 pp.-J. Michael Dash, Marie-Hélène Laforest, Diasporic encounters: Remapping the Caribbean. Naples Liguori, 2000. 271 pp.-Jeanne Garane, Renée Larrier, Francophone women writers of Africa and the Caribbean. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. ix + 156 pp.-Julian Gerstin, Brenda F. Berrian, Awakening spaces: French Caribbean popular songs, music, and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. xvi + 287 pp.-Halbert Barton, Steven Loza, Tito Puente and the making of Latin music. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999. xvi + 258 pp.-Mark Moberg, Anne Sutherland, The making of Belize: Globalization in the margins. Westport CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1998. x + 203 pp.-Daniel A. Segal, Kevin K. Birth, 'Any time is Trinidad time' : Social meanings and temporal consciousness. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999. xiv + 190 pp.-Samuel Martínez, Michele Wucker, Why the cocks fight: Dominicans, Haitians, and the struggle for Hispaniola. New York: Hill and Wang, 1999. xxi + 281 pp.-Paul E. Brodwin, Terry Rey, Our lady of class struggle: The cult of the virgin Mary in Haiti. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1999. x + 362 pp.-Robert Fatton, Jr., Elizabeth D. Gibbons, Sanctions in Haiti: Human rights and democracy under assault. Westport CT: Praeger, with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington DC, 1999. xviii + 138 pp.-Robert Fatton, Jr., David M. Malone, Decision-making in the UN security council: The case of Haiti, 1990-1997. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998. xxi + 322 pp.-James Sanders, César J. Ayala, American sugar kingdom: The plantation economy of the Spanish Caribbean, 1898-1934. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. xii + 321 pp.-James Sanders, Alan Dye, Cuban sugar in the age of mass production: Technology and the economics of the sugar central, 1899-1929. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 1998. xiii + 343 pp.-Linden Lewis, Richard Hart, Towards decolonisation: Political, labour and economic developments in Jamaica 1938-1945. Kingston: Canoe Press, 1999. xxii + 329 pp.-John Smolenski, John W. Pulis, Moving on: Black loyalists in the Afro-Atlantic world. New York: Garland, 1999. xxiv + 224 pp.-Rosemarijn Hoefte, Clem Seecharan, Bechu: 'Bound coolie' Radical in British Guiana 1894-1901. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 1999. x + 315 pp.-Bonno Thoden van Velzen, C.N. Dubelaar ,Het Afakaschrift van de Tapanahoni Rivier in Suriname. Utrecht: Thela Thesis, 1999. 183 pp., André R.M. Pakosie (eds)-Bonno Thoden van Velzen, André R.M. Pakosie, Gazon Matodja: Surinaams stamhoofd aan het einde van een tijdperk. Utrecht: Stichting Sabanapeti, 1999. 172 pp.-Geneviève Escure, Peter L. Patrick, Urban Jamaican Creole: Variation in the Mesolect. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999. xx + 331 pp.