Academic literature on the topic 'Florida, economic conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Florida, economic conditions"
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Arapis, Theodore, and Vincent Reitano. "A Glimmer of Optimism in Government Savings Accumulation? An Empirical Examination of Municipal Unassigned Fund Balance in Florida." Public Finance Review 46, no. 3 (April 21, 2016): 389–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116643386.
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Few would question that the Great Recession and its aftermath have proved challenging for government financial management. This depressed economic environment has renewed interest in research involving the accumulation and use of the unassigned fund balance. In this study, we use data on Florida cities to examine the factors affecting the unassigned fund balance before, during, and after the Great Recession. According to our findings, building and maintaining savings at high levels have become routine for Florida cities, irrespective of their government form and the economic conditions they face. This research also provides evidence that Florida cities adapt their savings accumulation strategy, depending on the level of unassigned fund balance they are targeting. As a result, Florida cities consider different factors when accumulating unassigned fund balance above, rather than within or below, the minimum range suggested by the Government Finance Officers Association.
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Minogue, Patrick, and Seth Wright. "Biology, Control and Invasive Potential of Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.) in Florida." EDIS 2016, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fr396-2016.
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Arundo donax (L.), also known as giant reed, is a tall, fast-growing, bamboo-like grass that under ideal conditions can reach a height of up to 30 feet and a stem diameter up to 1.5 inches. Giant reed is invasive and difficult to control and has caused economic losses in California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. This species was introduced to Florida over 100 years ago and is currently naturalized in at least 26 of the 67 Florida counties. So far, giant reed has not proved problematic in Florida, but recent permitting of its planting for bioenergy feed stock may increase the risk that it could naturalize into plant communities in Florida and other southeastern states and potentially cause economic losses as well as harm to native species and habitats. This 5-page fact sheet describes the biology of this species and explains some strategies for its control. Written by Pat Minogue and Seth Wright and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, March 2016. FOR328/FR396: Biology, Control and Invasive Potential of Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.) in Florida (ufl.edu)
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Djidonou, Desire, Zhifeng Gao, and Xin Zhao. "Economic Analysis of Grafted Tomato Production in Sandy Soils in Northern Florida." HortTechnology 23, no. 5 (October 2013): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.5.613.
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In addition to controlling soilborne diseases, grafting with selected rootstocks has the potential to enhance growth and yields in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production. However, information is rather limited regarding its economic viability in different production systems in the United States. The objective of this study was to compare the costs and returns of grafted vs. nongrafted fresh-market tomato production under common management practices in fumigated fields in northern Florida. The field trials were conducted in Live Oak, FL, during Spring 2010 and 2011. ‘Florida 47’ tomato was grafted onto two interspecific hybrid tomato rootstocks: ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’. Grafted and nongrafted ‘Florida 47’ plants were grown on fumigated raised beds with polyethylene mulch and drip irrigation using recommended commercial production practices for nutrient and pest management. The estimated costs of grafted and nongrafted transplants were $0.67 and $0.15 per plant, respectively, resulting in an additional cost of $3020.16 per acre for using grafted transplants as compared with nongrafted plants. Grafting also led to higher costs of harvesting and marketing tomato fruit as a result of yield improvement (1890 to 2166 25-lb cartons per acre for grafted plant vs. 1457 to 1526 25-lb cartons per acre for nongrafted plant). Partial budget analyses showed that using grafted transplants increased tomato production costs by $4488.03–$5189.76 per acre depending on the rootstock and growing season. However, compared with nongrafted tomato, the net farm return of grafted tomato production was increased by $253.32–$2458.24 per acre based on the tomato shipping point prices. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrated that grafting would be more profitable as the costs of grafted transplants decreased and the market tomato prices increased. These results indicated that although grafting increased the total cost of production, the increase in marketable fruit yield generated significant gross returns to offset costs associated with the use of grafted tomato transplants. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to provide more production budget and net return data about the economic feasibility of grafted tomato production based on a wide range of commercial growing conditions in Florida.
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Vonasek, Joseph, and Robert Lee. "Police and Fire Pensions in Florida: A Comparison of Conditions After 10 Years." Compensation & Benefits Review 53, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368721999137.
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This article is an analysis of 31 defined benefit police and fire pension plans of 20 municipalities in Florida. The authors conducted a similar assessment of these same plans ten years earlier to determine the fiscal impact of these plans due to state mandates that accompany state funding for each of these plans. The current study analyzes key measures of fiscal health over the last ten years for these same plans to ascertain whether the fiscal condition of these plans remained constant, that is, whether underfunded plans continued to be questionably managed and whether well-funded plans continued to be fiscally stable considering economic trends and the lessening of state mandates on the use of state funding for these plans. The findings show that the overwhelming majority of the plans neither significantly changed their financial condition nor their general ranking among the plans evaluated.
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Stanley, Craig D., and Gurpal Toor. "Florida Commercial Horticultural Production: Constraints Limiting Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency." HortTechnology 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.89.
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Application of water and nutrients for horticultural production in Florida can be accomplished through many different methods. Often, the irrigation system that is used determines the potential use efficiency for both water and nutrients. Producers face many constraints, real and perceived, that affect management decisions. This article provides an overview of many of the constraints that are encountered and identifies those management practices that are most effective for overcoming these constraints with respect to commonly used irrigation systems. These constraints include those related to irrigation system design and capabilities, soil factors, cultural practices, management intensity, and economic and regulatory conditions. Ultimately, the goal of this discussion is to determine where future research efforts should be focused and what critical issues may be on the horizon that may affect the Florida horticultural industry.
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Singerman, Ariel, Marina Burani-Arouca, and Stephen H. Futch. "The Profitability of New Citrus Plantings in Florida in the Era of Huanglongbing." HortScience 53, no. 11 (November 2018): 1655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13410-18.
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The Florida citrus industry has been enduring the impact of citrus greening since 2005. The disease has been the main driver for the state’s citrus production to plummet by 80% in the past 13 years, causing the industry to downsize drastically. Planting new groves is key to ensuring a supply of fruit for processors and packinghouses to stay in business. However, a key question is whether it makes economic sense to plant a new grove in the current environment. We estimate the establishment and production costs for a new grove under endemic Huanglongbing (HLB; citrus greening) conditions for three different tree planting densities under different market conditions and examine their profitability. Our results show that establishing a new grove with a tree density similar to that of the state’s average is not profitable under current market conditions. However, greater tree densities are profitable despite the greater level of investment required.
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Barrett, Charles E., Lincoln Zotarelli, Lucas G. Paranhos, Peter Dittmar, Clyde W. Fraisse, and John VanSickle. "Economic Feasibility of Converting from a Bare Ground System with Seepage Irrigation to Plasticulture for Cabbage Production: Where is the Risk?" HortScience 53, no. 6 (June 2018): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12966-18.
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Weather has a major influence on cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) production. Variation in yield between years and cropping seasons is common in North America. Cabbage in Florida has historically been cultivated on bare ground with seepage irrigation. The objectives of this study were to compare yield and profit of a bare ground cabbage production system used in Florida with an alternative plasticulture system. Data from various cabbage trials were combined by production system and used to create regression equations that predicted yield based on air temperature and solar radiation that were significantly correlated with yield. The regression equations were then simulated with correlated stochastic air temperature and solar radiation to estimate the yield distributions for both systems. Cabbage price ($/Mg fresh) was stochastically simulated (correlated to yield) to be used in the profit model. The profit model was created by using the product of yield and the price per unit yield minus fixed and variable costs associated with production and marketing. Simulated profit for bare ground and plasticulture was used to estimate their respective distributions to provide a tool for making better management decisions in the presence of risky weather conditions. The plasticulture system was estimated to have a 36% higher cost but a 57% higher profit than the bare ground system. This is, in large part, because the simulated mean yield for the bare ground system was 29.7 Mg·ha−1 compared with 54.4 Mg·ha−1 for plasticulture. These findings confirmed that plasticulture is an economically viable best management practice for cabbage production in Northeast Florida.
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Morera, Maria C., Paul F. Monaghan, Michael D. Dukes, Ondine Wells, and Stacia L. Davis. "Evaluating Florida Homeowner Response to Smart Irrigation Controllers." HortTechnology 25, no. 4 (August 2015): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.4.511.
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Smart irrigation controllers are capable of substantially decreasing landscape water applications under residential high water-use conditions in Florida. Their implementation has been incentivized by governmental agencies and water utilities in an effort to reduce public-supply water demand and conserve water resources. However, the bulk of the research on smart controllers for urban landscapes has focused on performance dimensions. To successfully promote them, feedback from end-users is critical. This paper provides an evaluation of homeowner response to evapotranspiration (ET)-based and soil moisture sensor (SMS)-based smart controllers installed as part of a pilot project conducted in Orange County, FL. The objectives of the study were to collect demographic information, assess conservation attitudes and irrigation system knowledge, and gather feedback on the use of smart controllers from the pilot project’s residential cooperators. Data were collected through an online survey and analyzed using relative frequency distributions, text analysis, independent means t tests, and logistic regression. Results indicated that a majority of survey participants were satisfied with their controllers and planned to continue using them. Both ET and SMS controllers were consistently praised for saving money and irrigating efficiently. However, the likelihood that participants would continue using their controllers after the completion of the project was only significantly predicted by their levels of technical knowledge regarding the workings of the devices and whether they had experienced any challenges operating them. Efforts to promote both initial and long-term adoption may be most effective by emphasizing the economic benefits of investing in smart irrigation controllers and by disseminating best management practices that facilitate their understanding and successful operation.
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Lu, Huangjun, Alan L. Wright, and David Sui. "Responses of Lettuce Cultivars to Insect Pests in Southern Florida." HortTechnology 21, no. 6 (December 2011): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.6.773.
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Banded cucumber beetle [BCB (Diabrotica balteata)], serpentine leafminer [SL (Liriomyza trifolii)], and aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) are among the major insect pests that cause significant economic damage to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in southern Florida. Four romaine cultivars and three iceberg cultivars, currently used in Florida's lettuce production, were evaluated from Oct. 2010 to Jan. 2011 in separate field experiments for their responses to insect infestation. Lettuce cultivars differed significantly in their responses to infestations of BCB and aphids. Cultivar 70096 had the lowest percent (3.7%) of BCB feeding damage among the romaine cultivars. Romaine cultivar Manatee also had significantly lower BCB feeding damage (12.1%) than the susceptible cultivars Okeechobee (19.8%) and Terrapin (19.1%). The lowest level of infestation of aphids was observed on ‘Manatee’, followed by ‘70096’, whereas ‘Okeechobee’ and ‘Terrapin’ had severe infestation of aphids. The iceberg cultivars were similar to one another in their responses to BCB and SL but not in their response to aphid infestation. Yield was decreased from 3% to 37% for six of the seven cultivars grown under the adverse environmental conditions of insect infestations and cold weather in Dec. 2010, but the yield of ‘70096’ did not decline. The cultivars identified as resistant to insects can play an important role in integrated pest management (IPM), which may decrease pesticide application, reduce production costs, and protect the environment.
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Oliver-Smith, Anthony. "Hurricanes, Climate Change, and the Social Construction of Risk." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 38, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072702003800101.
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The advent of climate change is now increasing awareness of the potential of the intensifying peril and frequency of hurricanes for island and coastal dwellers. Considering current demographic data on migration, residence and development, the climatological findings regarding hurricane frequency, intensity, precipitation, and size become particularly menacing. However, despite the intensification and frequency of hurricanes, recognition of the social construction of risk and disasters requires that greater attention be paid to the social and economic drivers of the conditions of exposure and vulnerability that characterize coastal and island communities. The intersection of increasingly intense and frequent hurricanes associated with climate change is discussed in the context of patterns of social, demographic and economic change in the state of Florida in the United States which is located on many of the major paths of hurricanes generated in the Atlantic basin. The paper concludes with an assessment of the role that anthropologists must play in research, practice and policy making reducing the risk of disasters related to hurricane impact.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Florida, economic conditions"
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Ismayilov, Orkhan M. "Economic Resilience, Disasters, and Green Jobs: An Institutional Collective Action Framework." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062807/.
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This dissertation is about economic resilience of local governments to natural disasters. Specifically, the dissertation investigates resilience on regional level. Moreover, the dissertation also investigates growth in the green job sector in local governments. The findings indicate that local governments working with each other helps green job creation. In addition, the dissertation finds that green jobs, following disasters, experience three percent growth. This dissertation is important because it investigates the relationship between climate- related disasters and green jobs, which is an area that is under-investigated.
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Miller, Philip Warren. "Greater Jacksonville's response to the Florida land boom of the 1920s." UNF Digital Commons, 1989. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/NF00000116.jpg.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Florida, 1989.Completed through the joint cooperative program of the History Departments of the University of Florida and the University of North Florida. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-178).
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Kruger-Franck, Elmarie. "Anthropocentric impacts on the ecology and biodiversity of the Natalspruit watercourse and its associated wetlands." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25806.
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Information regarding the ecological wellbeing of the Natalspruit and its adjoining wetlands is
essential if the river is being managed using sound ecological management principles. Despite
this, little is known about this river, with little documentation at the regional or municipal level.
This study partially addresses this knowledge gap by evaluating the impacts of human activity
on a section of the Natalspruit and its adjoining wetlands. It reports on pollution concentrations
found at selected sample sites and compares the results to Rand Water data and the National
Standards and Guidelines of South Africa for physicochemical parameters and contaminated
soils. Water samples were collected at five chosen sample sites during May and July 2018. Soil
samples were taken during July 2018. The study found that water at all five sample sites is not
suitable for drinking, the health of livestock and recreational use due to the present and high
Total Coliform levels (ranging from 450 CFU/100ml to 100 000 CFU/100ml), as well as
Turbidity, Total Hardness, TDS, Mg, NO2, SO4, and BOD which also exceeded the guidelines.
Only site SS1 (May) exceeded the CaCO3 concentrations regarding livestock health. No
guidelines were available for DO levels on the health of livestock. Cl levels in the Natalspruit
was suitable for drinking. PO4 concentration at all the sites were all within the guidelines of
acceptable levels for aquatic ecosystems. In terms of heavy metals, Cr levels significantly
exceeded the guidelines at all five sample sites with the exception of ecosystem health. This is
of great concern due to the toxicity of Cr. Cu concentrations exceeded the guidelines for both
all land-uses protective of water resources and ecosystem health, at SS1, SS2, SS3 and SS5. Ni
concentrations exceeded the guidelines for all land-uses protective of the water resources at
SS5. Pb and Zn concentrations exceeded the guidelines for the land-uses protective of the water
resources at all the sites with the exception of SS4 for Pb and SS2 and SS4. SS1 and SS5
reported Zn concentrations higher than the guideline for the protection of ecosystem health.
SASS 5, PES and EIS assessments indicated moderate to severe modifications of the river.
Thus, mining, industrial activities, surface runoff from densely populated informal settlements and wastewater treatment plants have negatively impacted upon the river. Decades of
environmental neglect and effluent discharge have degraded the ecosystem, thus necessitating
rehabilitation. However, as the study was limited in both time and scope, so additional research
should be undertaken.Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Management)
Books on the topic "Florida, economic conditions"
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Lorier, Eduardo. Historia de Florida. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1989.
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Fadi, Asraoui, ed. Current regional issues: Florida. Fort Worth: Dryden Press, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1994.
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University of Florida. Bureau of Economic and Business Research. Florida statistical abstract 2000. 3rd ed. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida., 2000.
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1957-, Scoggins J. F., Pierce Ann C, and University of Florida. Bureau of Economic and Business Research., eds. The Economy of Florida. Gainesville, FL: Bureau of Economic and Business Research, College of Business Administration, University of Florida, 1995.
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Governor's Council of Economic Advisors (Fla.), ed. The economy of Florida. Gainesville, Fla: University of Florida, College of Business Administration, Bureau of Economic and Business Research, 1990.
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Florida. Division of Economic Development. Bureau of Economic Analysis., ed. Florida county profile, 1989. Tallahassee, Fla: Florida Dept. of Commerce, Division of Economic Development, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1990.
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Florida. Division of Economic Development. Bureau of Economic Analysis., ed. Florida county profile, 1994. Tallahassee, Fla: Florida Dept. of Commerce, Division of Economic Development, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1995.
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Gorte, Ross W. The Florida Bay economy and changing environmental conditions. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1994.
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The sunshine economy: An economic history of Florida since the Civil War. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Florida, economic conditions"
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Selvakumar, V., and Mark William Hauser. "Sources for Analyzing the Social and Economic Contexts of the Diaspora on the Coromandel Coast." In The Archaeology of Modern Worlds in the Indian Ocean, 152–77. University Press of Florida, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069845.003.0007.
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Terms such as bonded labor, enslaved labor, and indentured labor are sometimes used interchangeably to describe the variety of conditions in which marginalized workers found themselves on the Coromandel Coast between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. While this might be an issue of analytical precision, it is also an issue of the many linguistic and material sources of evidence used to describe labor in Tamil Nadu. This chapter explores the varied sources—archaeological, archival, and literary—that inform the context in which members of the South Indian diaspora migrated, either through their own volition or otherwise, to varied ports in the Indian Ocean. Taking the Coromandel Coast as its focus of study, this chapter makes three interrelated points: 1) South Indian commercial agricultural and rural industry—such as rice cultivation and textile weaving—played a dynamic role in the political and commercial activities of the Indian Ocean region; 2) there is an archaeological record that documents the long-term contexts and conditions for indenture contracts in the nineteenth century; 3) sources comparable to those used in the historical archaeology of the Atlantic provide a limited view into the contexts of diasporic communities.
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Armelagos, George J., and Dennis P. Van Gerven. "Health and Disease." In Life and Death on the Nile. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813054452.003.0003.
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In this chapter, we will present our research on the patterns of physiological stress and disease among the infants and children in our three Nubian communities. The discussion will begin with the methods employed in the estimation of demographic variables, such as sex, age at death, and life expectancy. These variables will provide the context for our subsequent investigations of stress and mortality as a result of the nutritional and infectious disease challenges faced by infants and children at both Wadi Halfa and Kulubnarti. Conditions such as cribra orbitalia, enamel hypoplasia, and enamel microdefects will be the focus of the analyses. Comparisons of the conditions within and between these populations has provided us with important insight into the impact of gender, social status, and economic opportunity on the health and wellbeing of communities at large.
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Conlin, Erin L. "African American and Latino Workers in the Age of Industrial Agriculture." In Reconsidering Southern Labor History, 174–90. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056975.003.0012.
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Extensive chemical and pesticide exposure in the post–World War II period highlights African American and Latino farmworkers’ shared encounters with coercive labor structures, state hostility, economic marginality, racial discrimination, and bleak working conditions. Drawing heavily on oral histories and traditional archival sources, this case study of Florida farm labor draws directly on workers’ lived experiences and sheds light on the modern labor and environmental history of southern farm work. Examining this deep history of exploitation and negligence illuminates the challenges facing the South’s new working class.
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Popper, Virginia S. "Flexible Plant Food Practices among the Nineteenth-Century Chinese Migrants to Western North America." In Chinese Diaspora Archaeology in North America, 306–33. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066356.003.0013.
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Plant remains from Market Street Chinatown, San Jose, California, and historical accounts show that Chinese migrants relied on a variety of strategies to obtain plant foods in western North America in the second half of the nineteenth century. They farmed Chinese and European American crops, purchased local and imported foods, and collected wild resources. They faced a diversity of local environmental, social, and economic conditions that required a flexible cuisine and making choices beyond the dichotomy of maintaining a traditional Chinese diet or adopting European American foods.
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Jordan, Kurt A. "From Nucleated Villages to Dispersed Networks." In The Archaeology of Villages in Eastern North America, 174–91. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400462.003.0011.
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Members of the Seneca Nation of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy resided in a surprising variety of settlement forms during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Seneca communities in what is now western New York State lived in sequentially occupied sites that ranged from nucleated to fully dispersed, with and without defensive palisades. The regional Seneca settlement pattern also changed from one with two large core sites and surrounding satellites to a network of evenly spaced smaller sites arrayed across their territory. While earlier scholars viewed these transformations as decline away from a precontact cultural climax, the changes were non-linear and corresponded quite tightly to the dynamics of the regional political economy known in detail from documentary sources. This chapter reviews the details of 1669-1779 changes in Seneca community forms, and examines the lived experience of community relocation as a dynamic time for negotiation, reimagination, assessment of political-economic conditions, and the exercise of power.
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Latham, Krista E., Alyson O’Daniel, and Justin Maiers. "Migrant Death and Identification." In Massacres, 167–83. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400691.003.0011.
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Chapter 11 explores undocumented migrant deaths on the U.S.-Mexico border. Recent changes to border policies have led to an increase in migrant deaths. In order to make sense of this humanitarian crisis, political economic theory that considers power and structural inequalities is applied. A careful review demonstrates how, coupled with historical trajectories in Latin America, the rise of neoliberalism has led to increases in social inequality and violence, resulting in increased migration as the oppressed flee in the hopes of finding a different life. Due to the dangerous conditions encountered along the journey, many migrants die every year attempting to find this new life.
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Delerme, Simone. "The Fractured American Dream." In Latino Orlando, 69–97. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066257.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 of the book focuses on the character, reputation, and place-identity of the Buenaventura Lakes suburb, and the impact of linguistic transformations due to the community’s Latinization. Drawing on various data sources, the chapter shows how talk about landscape aesthetics, living conditions, crime, racial, ethnic, and class identities, and language intertwine to reinforce social class distinctions and the racialization of suburban spaces, places, and therefore people. The strong connection between suburban living and prosperity is unraveling, and Buenaventura Lakes is a declining suburb representative of the changing social and economic conditions and demographics in suburbs across the United States. Buenaventura Lakes, once a community for “country club living” and “affordable luxury,” is perceived as a Latino “ghetto” or “slum” in the eyes of residents and non-residents, Latinos and non-Latinos. Despite the populations’ income diversity and the high prices of some homes, the residents are paradoxically described as poor, lower class, low income, or at best working class. Additionally, the concentration of Latinos is interpreted as a lack of diversity. Thus, this suburb is constructed as a non-white space, foreign and uncomfortable for non-Latino whites, which adds to residential segregation in Greater Orlando.
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Turner, Grace. "Bioarchaeological Analysis of Remains." In Honoring Ancestors in Sacred Space. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400202.003.0006.
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Presumably in constructing the sidewalk, the bones from these shallow burials were disposed of elsewhere. Remains of five adults and one child were excavated. Seven subadult teeth were surface-collected around a hole at the western edge of the site. Being buried in moist sand meant that most bones excavated were fragmented. Bones and teeth were examined for evidence of pathologies. This small sample is not representative of the community, but the pathologies provide insight on these persons’ lives. The linea aspera on the only femur excavated is fairly robust. The individual’s sex was indeterminate, but this ambiguity reinforced the point that both men and women in this community engaged in physically demanding work. Cranial fragments from two individuals were thickened, an indicator of anemia resulting from nutritional deficiency or disease. Cribra orbitalia was noted in the eye socket of one individual, another indicator of nutritional deficiency. Two of the child’s incisors have transverse lines, evidence of enamel hypoplasia, an indicator of infectious disease and nutritional stress. Individuals buried in this cemetery were likely of low social status, living in congested and unsanitary conditions with limited food. These pathologies raise questions about the extent these conditions existed among African-Bahamian communities. Economic opportunities for free and enslaved workers would have been limited.
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Posner, Paul W., Viviana Patroni, and Jean François Mayer. "Conclusion." In Labor Politics in Latin America, 190–212. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400455.003.0008.
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The conclusion summarizes the case study findings from the book’s individual chapters while drawing more general lessons from comparative analysis of these case studies. In addition, the chapter proposes an agenda for future research. With regard to general trends observed on the basis of comparative analysis, the chapter identifies the pervasiveness of four negative, interrelated trends that cut across the book’s five case studies: (1) the adoption of labor flexibility practices, which increased the precariousness of labor; (2) the continued vulnerability of national economies to global competition and boom/bust cycles; (3) with the exception of Brazil, the significant weakening of party/union ties, leaving organized labor without strong, reliable political allies to help advance its interests; and (4) the internal fragmentation and attendant lack of efficacy of labor organizations in promoting positive reforms such as reducing flexibilization and increasing collective bargaining. Topics for future study include research to better understand intraregional migration, the relationship between economic growth and employment in Latin America, investigation into the conditions necessary to establish democratic unionism, and the role of politically targeted social welfare assistance in cultivating support among informal workers and thereby mitigating the need to build support from organized labor.
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Gaztambide, María C. "The Fluidity of Venezuelan Informalism." In El Techo de la Ballena, 53–76. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400707.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 examines how, in the context of this imperfect panorama, Informalism represented the visual manifestation of a growing discontent with the economic conditions that spurned the “make-believe” at the core of the diatribes of the Venezuelan anthropologist Fernando Coronil and the telenovela pioneer turned political commentator José Ignacio Cabrujas. In the late eighties, they had observed that with the professionalization of the oil industry in earlier decades the wealth that it generated attained chimerical qualities in Venezuela. Such rapid development that obscured the realities of a largely agrarian nation whose modernization was artificially fed by petrodollars. Here, I borrow from GeorgesBataille’s treatises on ritualistic expenditure and his argument that economic wealth and growth governed the physical force field of all organic phenomena. I propose that by the early sixties Venezuela’s unspent energetic surplus had begun to unleash a destructive process from popular segments of the population that, it may be argued, is climaxing in present-day Chavismo. Bataille’s thinking revealed the paradox of utility, or life “beyond [the realm] of utility” as he described it: its ultimate end could only be uselessness as sovereignty was achieved only by those who consumed but did not labor.
Conference papers on the topic "Florida, economic conditions"
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Brown, G. K. "Overview of Mechanical Harvesting in Florida Citrus." In ASME 2001 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2001-4706.
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Florida produces more citrus than all other states in the United States. In 1999, the total bearing area was estimated at 315,900 ha, and 245,000 ha were oranges (Anon, 2000). Recently, oranges averaged 77% of the total production and about 95% were processed. Orange production is projected to increase unless US weather, disease, labor, or economic forces act to depress production (Anon, 1993). Worldwide production and price competition in processed oranges are projected to decrease US grower returns, as free-trade conditions progress. Paper published with permission.
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Russell, Stanley, Mark Weston, Yogi Goswami, and Matthew Doll. "Flex House." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54549.
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Flex House is a flexible, modular, pre-fabricated zero energy building that can be mass produced and adapted easily to a variety of site conditions and plan configurations. The key factor shaping the design is central Florida’s hot humid climate and intense solar radiation. Flex house combines the wisdom of vernacular Florida houses with state of the art Zero Energy House technologies (ZEH.) A combined system of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal concentrating panels take advantage of the region’s abundant insolation in providing clean renewable energy for the house. Conservation is achieved with state of the art mechanical systems and innovative liquid desiccant dehumidification technology along with highly efficient lighting and appliances. The hybrid nature of the Flex house allows for both an open and closed system to take advantage of the seasonal temperature variation. Central Florida buildings can conserve energy by allowing natural ventilation to take advantage of passive cooling in the mild months of the year and use a closed system to utilize mechanical cooling when temperatures are too high for passive cooling strategies. The building envelope works equally well throughout the year combining an optimum level of insulation, resistance to air infiltration, transparency for daylight, and flexibility that allows for opening and closing of the house. Flex House is designed with a strong connection between interior spaces and the outdoors with carefully placed fenestration and a movable wall system which enables the house to transform in response to the temperature variations throughout the year. The house also addresses the massive heat gain that occurs through the roof, which can generate temperatures in excess of 140 degrees. Flex House incorporates a parasol-like outer structure that shades the roof, walls and courtyard minimizing heat gain through the building envelope. To be implemented on a large scale, ZEH must be affordable for people earning a moderate income. Site built construction is time consuming and wasteful and results in higher costs. Building homes in a controlled environment can reduce material waste, and construction costs while increasing efficiency. Pre-fabricating Flex House minimizes preparation time, waste and safety concerns and maximizes economy, quality control, efficiency and safety during the construction process. This paper is an account of the design and construction of Flex House, a ZEH for central Florida’s hot humid climate.
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Drápela, Emil. "Spatial differentiation of housing construction in Czechia: Towards Florida's new urban crisis?" In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-33.
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Since the 1990s, there has been an increase in interregional differences in housing prices in Czechia. These differences largely depend on the size and economic strength of the municipality or regional centre, but there exist also differences between regions. The article uses the indicator of housing construction intensity (HCI) for the twenty-two-year period 1997-2018 per 1 km2, which is processed at the level of municipalities using spatial autocorrelation (Anselin Local Moran's I) and hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), and presented in GIS. By comparing the results of both methods it was found that the interregional differences in the popularity of the Czech regions are significantly influenced by their distance to the main economic centres. On the contrary, the hypothesis that some regions with a worse environment, a higher share of the socially weak population and a low supply of above-average jobs will be the cause of the negative push effect has not been confirmed. In discussion, the current situation is compared with Richard Florida's concept of “New Urban Crisis”, to which arrival in Czechia it indirectly points to, although the initial conditions in Czechia are significantly different than in the US.
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Fresco, Anthony N. "Solute Ion Linear Alignment as the Energy Source to Address Aquifer Depletion Fresh Water Scarcity and Sea Level Rise." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65930.
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There are reports in the literature that the lives of 4 billion people are at risk either now or in the foreseeable future, and including even 130 million US citizens, mostly in the western states of California and surroundings and in Texas and Florida as being subject to water scarcity primarily due to depletion of aquifers and ground water and losses due to evaporation. 1, 2, 3 At the same time, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), there is strong evidence that global sea level is now rising at an increased rate and will continue to rise during this century.4 Climate scientists at the Potsdam Institute of Climate Impact Research published a study in the journal Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences5 that found that the economic costs of sea level rise increase more quickly than sea levels themselves. Although fresh water is scarce, obviously the oceans are virtually an infinite source of water. Rather than trying to implement difficult fresh water usage restrictions, the best solution to the sea level rise and fresh water scarcity would be to cheaply and efficiently convert sea water to fresh water and to pump the rising sea water level inland to compensate for the underground aquifer depletion. The main problem with desalination has always been, and continues to be, the high energy consumption and operating cost. Similarly, efforts in the past to transport fresh water from northern latitudes have faced the difficulty of high energy costs for pumping water over long distances. Solute ion linear alignment propulsion was presented in ASME ES2010-903966. Solute ion linear alignment is a process in which potential energy of the electrostatic fields of like charged solute ions is converted to kinetic energy. The current paper presents factors showing that solute ion linear alignment as a power generation method by flash distillation7, and which normally releases no carbon emissions, could in fact be the only way feasible to cheaply and efficiently convert sea water to fresh water and pump the rising sea water level inland to compensate for the underground aquifer depletion. Since solute ion linear alignment is based on the principle of capacitive deionization (CDI), anomalies concerning CDI are discussed. For example, for opposite electrodes separated by 1 mm and subject to a differential voltage of 1.5 volts, the resulting charge densities on opposite electrodes of over 10 Farads/gram and material densities, e.g., carbon nanofoam, of 0.5 grams/cm2, the resulting force between the positively charged ions on one electrode and the negatively charged ions on the other electrode is calculated to be in the range of 1015 Newtons based on Coulomb’s Law. The stability of charge densities in the range of 10 Coulombs/cm3 is also discussed in view of the potential energy and resulting forces of such charge densities with consideration of possible differences in dielectric properties in solids versus liquids for like-charged conditions. An analysis of the power requirements for the CDI charge absorption and regeneration cycle is compared to the potential energy available from linear alignment to show that the linear alignment process is expected to be a net energy gain process in the same category as combustion, which involves electron transfer, nuclear fission, which is the electrostatic repulsion of the protons in the nucleus, and nuclear fusion, which is caused by attraction of the nuclear force.
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Belous, V. N., A. V. Lykhvar, M. Kh Alikhadzhiev, and R. S. Erzhapova. "The Condition of Flora and Vegetation in the Disturbed Lands of the Eastern Fore-Caucasus (As Exemplified by the Kuma Region Landscapes)." In IV International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Anthropogenic Transformation of Geospace: Nature, Economy, Society' (ATG 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200202.009.
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Ivanov, Metodi. "CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS FOR THE ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s21.067.
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Theoretically, environmental management is still seen as a relatively young field that is rapidly evolving in search of ways to deal with natural threats and problems caused by human activities and related to the search for opportunities to provide and implement Sustainable Development. Environmental problems are intertwined with socioeconomic problems, especially in poor developing countries. In addition, environmental management faces a number of challenges in the modern world. Increasingly, countries will face a number of challenges, which will be a major threat to developing countries, as they do not have sufficient financial and material resources and, on the other hand, have similar socio-economic and physical problems. This article will attempt to outline the socio-economic problems resulting from rising average temperatures, which will outline the challenges facing institutions responsible for environmental management processes. Attention will be paid to the emergence of unstable and sometimes extreme weather conditions, including the increase in the intensity of solar radiation, the increase in water supply problems. In addition, the challenges of environmental management and environmental assessment of soils are linked to the ever-increasing share of contaminated and nutrient-poor soils for plants. Also noteworthy is the implementation of reduced control by the responsible institutions for vectors of diseases on flora and fauna. The lack of regular funding to monitor indicators to assess progress and success in developing and solving environmental and social problems should not be overlooked. Through the use and conduct of comprehensive statistical analysis, descriptive analysis, diagnostic and forecasting analysis, an attempt will be made to identify the main problems facing the economy and environmental management, as well as to outline the challenges facing developing countries in the 21st century.
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Singh, Amit J., and Madasamy Arockiasamy. "Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow Effects on Marine Current Turbines." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50325.
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This paper presents a numerical model to study the fluid flow effects in an idealized, full scale marine current turbine. The effect of changing fluid flow conditions on the operation and structural integrity of a marine current turbine is of utmost importance in designing the shape, size and composition of the turbine blade. The model uses the measured current velocity offshore the coast of Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. A probability distribution function is used to describe the probability of exceedance of the current velocity. The effects of free surface, kinematic viscosity and pitch angle are considered in this study. The turbine rotor is modeled using a 3D computer aided design (CAD) tool, SolidWorks. The rotor and the computational domain are meshed using geometric mesh generation software, ANSYS ICEM CFD. ANSYS FLUENT software is used to model the fluid flow interactions by solving the conservation equations for mass and momentum, considering non-uniform inflows and turbulence. The model will provide a methodology for predicting the lift and drag coefficients, bending moments and center of pressure in the turbine rotor. The results from this study can be used to predict the fatigue life of a turbine blade based on the statistical data of the current profile at a particular location. Furthermore, the estimation of power generation and efficiency of the turbine can be calculated to provide the information needed to evaluate the feasibility and economics of the energy converter.
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Anderson, Roger, Fermin Viteri, Rebecca Hollis, Ashley Keating, Jonathan Shipper, Gary Merrill, Cora Schillig, et al. "Oxy-Fuel Gas Turbine, Gas Generator and Reheat Combustor Technology Development and Demonstration." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23001.
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Future fossil-fueled power generation systems will require carbon capture and sequestration to comply with government green house gas regulations. The three prime candidate technologies that capture carbon dioxide (CO2) are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion techniques. Clean Energy Systems, Inc. (CES) has recently demonstrated oxy-fuel technology applicable to gas turbines, gas generators, and reheat combustors at their 50MWth research test facility located near Bakersfield, California. CES, in conjunction with Siemens Energy, Inc. and Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. (FTT) have been working to develop and demonstrate turbomachinery systems that accommodate the inherent characteristics of oxy-fuel (O-F) working fluids. The team adopted an aggressive, but economical development approach to advance turbine technology towards early product realization; goals include incremental advances in power plant output and efficiency while minimizing capital costs and cost of electricity [1]. Proof-of-concept testing was completed via a 20MWth oxy-fuel combustor at CES’s Kimberlina prototype power plant. Operability and performance limits were explored by burning a variety of fuels, including natural gas and (simulated) synthesis gas, over a wide range of conditions to generate a steam/CO2 working fluid that was used to drive a turbo-generator. Successful demonstration led to the development of first generation zero-emission power plants (ZEPP). Fabrication and preliminary testing of 1st generation ZEPP equipment has been completed at Kimberlina power plant (KPP) including two main system components, a large combustor (170MWth) and a modified aeroderivative turbine (GE J79 turbine). Also, a reheat combustion system is being designed to improve plant efficiency. This will incorporate the combustion cans from the J79 engine, modified to accept the system’s steam/CO2 working fluid. A single-can reheat combustor has been designed and tested to verify the viability and performance of an O-F reheater can. After several successful tests of the 1st generation equipment, development started on 2nd generation power plant systems. In this program, a Siemens SGT-900 gas turbine engine will be modified and utilized in a 200MWe power plant. Like the 1st generation system, the expander section of the engine will be used as an advanced intermediate pressure turbine and the can-annular combustor will be modified into a O-F reheat combustor. Design studies are being performed to define the modifications necessary to adapt the hardware to the thermal and structural demands of a steam/CO2 drive gas including testing to characterize the materials behavior when exposed to the deleterious working environment. The results and challenges of 1st and 2nd generation oxy-fuel power plant system development are presented.
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Peters, M. "Drilling Solutions for Offshore Wind Foundations and Export Cable Landfalls." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215572-ms.
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Abstract The development of renewable energies is the focus for future energy supply. Large offshore wind farms are to be constructed and connected to a high-capacity trans-mission grid. Due to the public environmental awareness, smart installation methods are required for fast and safe construction of offshore foundations and the eco-friendly landfall installation for the export cables, with minimal impact on surroundings. The installation of offshore foundations requires drilled installation methods, espe-cially in non-drivable soil conditions and medium to higher water depths. In addition to limitations in certain ground conditions, conventional pile-driving is reaching its limits with increasing turbine sizes. Furthermore, pile-driving has a deep environ-mental impact. Noise emissions can either require complex and expensive noise mitigation systems or cause lasting damage to flora and fauna. In the past, offshore drilling rigs have only been a non- performance driven backup option for pile-driving installations. Today, the Offshore Foundation Drilling technology provides a com- pletely drilled installation of offshore foundations, e.g. for monopile structures, pin-piles or floating anchor piles. High drilling performances can be achieved, that were previously only known in the horizontal drilling industry. Lower forces on the foun-dation pile during installation allow a more economical static pile design. Acoustic emissions can be largely avoided which finally can also lead to longer and more flexible time frames for construction. In 2022, the first equipment worldwide has been used as a standard installation method for XXL monopiles for the St. Nazaire wind farm in France, installing a total of 73 monopiles by drilling and grouting with a drilling diameter of 7,700 mm, in wa-ter depths of 15 to 25 m in rocky seabed. The landfall sections of export cables coming from offshore wind farms are usually located in sensitive coastal areas where the operation of heavy construction equip-ment is not possible due to environmental protection requirements. Also, when dyke structures have to be crossed, this sets further increased demands on the safety as-pects of respective trenchless installation methods. Even if HDD presents a common technology for the installation of casings for subsequent pull-in of the export cables, the alternatives with remote- controlled microtunnelling systems such as Pipe Jacking or Direct Pipe need to be carefully investigated. In any case, the drilling works can be carried out from onshore to offshore to reduce marine construction costs, whereas the protective pipe can be inserted from the seaward side in a second step. This paper will give an overview of the drilled approach for offshore founda-tions and the application range of trenchless methods for export cable landfalls.
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Radoi, Radu, Ioan Pavel, Corneliu Cristescu, and Liliana Dumitrescu. "PRODUCTION OF DOMESTIC HOT WATER IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY BY USING A COMBINED SOLAR - TLUD SYSTEM." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/34.
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Fossil fuels are an exhaustible resource on Earth, and their use pollutes the environment massively. The population of the planet has grown a lot, and for the production of domestic hot water, to ensure a decent standard of living, it is necessary to consume increasing quantities of fossil fuels. The very high level of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere leads to an increase in average of annual temperature and climate change. Climate change is manifested by the melting of the ice caps, which has the consequence of increasing the level of the seas and oceans. Climate change also leads to extreme weather events such as floods, heat waves or the appearance of arid areas. Risks to human health have increased through deaths caused by heat or by changing the way some diseases are spread. Risks also exist for flora and wildlife due to rapid climate change.Many species of animals migrate, and other species of animals and plants are likely to disappear. Climate change also leads to costs for society and the economy due to damage to property and infrastructure, which have been more than 90 billion euros in the last 30 years, just because of the floods. In order to reduce the effects of environmental pollution, ecological energy production solutions need to be expanded. The article presents the creation of an experimental stand of a Solar - TLUD stove combined system for the production of domestic hot water in a sustainable way. TLUD is the acronym for "Top-Lit UpDraft". The advantage of the combined heat system is that it can provide thermal energy both during the day and at night. If the atmospheric conditions are unfavorable (clouds, fog) and do not allow the water to be heated only with the solar panel, TLUD gas stove can be used to supplement the energy. The TLUD stove has low Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions. After gasification, about 10% of the carbon contained in the biomass is thermally stabilized and can be used as a "biochar" in agriculture or it can be burnt completely, resulting in very little ash. The stand is composed of a solar thermal panel, a TLUD stove, a boiler for hot water storage and an automation system with circulation pumps and temperature sensors. To record the experimental results, a data acquisition board was used, with which data were recorded from a series of temperature and flow transducers located in the installation. Experimental results include diagrams for temperature variation, available energy and heat accumulated in the boiler. Keywords: combined thermal system, TLUD stove, domestic hot water, solar thermal panel, data aquisition system